DAV PUBLIC SCHOOL

Session: 2022-2023

PROJECT ON CELLS AND BATTERIES

SUBMITTED TO: SUBMITTED BY:

MRS. MEENAKSHI SINGH PRANAV BHATIA

CLASS - XII-B


 AIM


Study the change in EMF of a

Daniel cell due to various
factors such as change in
concentration, temperature
and area of electrodes.


 CERTIFICATE


This is to certify that the project

entitled,Electrochemical
Cell submitted by Pranav Bhatia in partial
fulfillment of the
requirements for CBSE in PCM at DAV Public
School is an
authentic work carried out by him under my
supervision
and guidance.

SIGNATURE OF SIGNATURE OF
TEACHER PRINCIPAL
 ACKNOWLEGEMENT

I wish to express my deep gratitude and sincere

thanks to the principal Mrs. Bimal Kumar Das for his
encouragement and for all the facilities that he
provided for this project work.
I extend my hearty thanks to Mrs. Meenakshi Singh,
who guided me to the successful completion of this
project. I take this opportunity to express my deep
sense of gratitude for this invaluable guidance
constant encouragement, immense motivation, which
has sustained my efforts at all stages of this Project
work.
I can’t forget to offer my sincere thanks to my parents
and also to my classmates who helped me to carry out
this project successful and for their valuable advice
and support, which I received from then time to time.

PRANAV
Signature of Teacher

XII-B
 INDEX
S.NO TOPIC

1 INTRODUCTION

2 REPRESENTATION

3 SALT BRIDGE AND ITS

FUNCTIONS

4 STANDARD EMF OF AN
ELECTROCHEMICAL

5 IMPORTANT FEATURES

6 PROCEDURE

7 OBSERVATIONS

8 CONCLUSION

9 BIBLIOGRAPHY
 INTRODUCTION

ELECTROCHEMICAL CELL

Whenever a redox reaction is allowed to take place

directly in a single beaker, it is found that the solution
becomes hot. For example, when zinc is placed in a
copper solution, the solution is found to be warmer as
the reaction proceeds according to the equation.
Zn(s) +Cu (aq) ZnSo4 (aq) +Cu(s)
Similar results are observed when a rod of copper is
placed in silver solution. The reaction taking place as
follows:

Cu(s) +2AgNo3+2Ag

Thus, we conclude that whenever a redox takes place

directly in a single in a single beaker, chemical energy
in the form of heat is produced. By suitable means it is
possible to bring out the redox reaction indirectly so as
to convert the chemical energy into the electrical
energy.
Thus, the main functions of the salt bridge are:
• To complete the electrical circuit by allowing the

ions to flow from one solution to the other without

mixing of the two solutions.

• To maintain the electrical neutrality of the solutions

in the two half cells.
Let us see what would happen if the salt bridge were
not used in the cells show in the following diagram.
Electrons are given out by the zinc electrode where
they will neutralize some of the Cu2+ions of the
solution. Thus So42-ions will not leave and the
solution will acquire a negative charge. At the same
time, Zn2+ ions produced from zinc plate will enter
ZnSo4 solution. After some time, the flow of
electrons will stop and hence the current stops.
flowing.








 REPRESENTATION

An electrochemical cell is represented in a manner
an illustrated below.
Zn/Zn2+||Cu2+/Cu
I.e. by convention, the electrode on which oxidation
takes place is written on the left-hand side and the
other electrode on which reduction takes place is
written on the right-hand side. The electrode of the
left-hand side is written by writing the symbol of the
metal first followed by the symbol of the ion with its
concentration in brackets. The electrode on the
right-hand side is written by first writing the ion
along with its concentration in brackets followed by
the symbol of the metal.
 EXPERIMENTAL SETUP 


A zinc rod is placed in the zinc sulphate solution

taken in a beaker. A copper rod is placed in the
copper sulphate solution taken in another beaker.
The two rods are connected by a wire and two
solutions are connected by a salt bridge.

STANDARD EMF OF AN ELECTROCHEMICAL

CELL

• An electrochemical cell is based on reaction which
can be split into the two half reactions:
Oxidation half reaction
• Reduction half reaction
•

Standard EMF of the cell:


Where,

Ecell = Electrode Potential of the cell

Ecathode = Electrode Potential of the oxidation half

reaction
Eanode= Electrode Potential of the oxidation half
reaction

Ecell = Ecathode - Eanode


E = Eo – 0.059/n Log [M]/ [Mn+]







 IMPORTANT FEATURES


• The electrode at which oxidation takes place is

called the anode. The electrode at which the
reduction takes place is called the cathode.

• Since electrons are produced at the zinc

electrodes, this electrode is rich in electrons,
which pushes the electrons into the external
circuit and hence it is designated as the negative
pole. The other electrode, i.e. the copper electrode
is in the need of electrons for the reduction of
Cu2+ ions into the Cu.

• The electrons flow from the negative pole to the

positive pole in the external circuit. However,
conventionally, this current is set to flow in the
opposite direction.

• The oxidation of Zn into ions produces excess of

Zn2+ ions in the left beaker. This creates an

unbalanced positive charge in the solution. To
maintain electrical neutrality of the solution in the
two beakers, the cations and anions move through
the salt bridge.








 PROCEDURE

• Take two clean beakers.

• In one beaker take 0.5M copper sulphate solution

and
in the other take 0.5M zinc sulphate solution.

• Take a copper strip and clean it using a sandpaper.

• Dip the copper strip into the beaker containing the

1M copper sulphate solution.

• Similarly, take a zinc strip and clean it using a

sandpaper.

• Then dip into the beaker containing 1M zinc

sulphate solution.

• Take a salt bridge and connect the two solutions

using the salt bridge.

• Take a voltmeter and connect the copper strip to

the positive terminal and the zinc strip to the
negative terminal using connecting wires.

• Note the positive of the pointer in the voltmeter and

record the reading. 



















 OBERVATIONS
S.NO.

MCuSo4 MZnSo4 EMF

1 0.5 0.5 0.98V

2 0.5 0.35 0.8V

3 0.25 0.25 0.90V

CONCLUSION

With these observations, we conclude that

EMF of the cell increases with decreases in
the concentration of the electrolyte around
the anode and the increase in the
concentration of the electrolyte around the
cathode.
 BIBLIOGRAPHY

1.Chemistry Part-1, Textbook for class XII 2. http://

www.chemistryexplained.com/Di-
Fa/Electrochemistry.html

2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniell_cell

3. http://chemcollective.org/chem/electrochem/
step2_cell