EXPERIMENT 3

TITLE PARALLEL CIRCUIT THEORY

OBJECTIVES
After performing this experiment, the student will be able to:
i. Construct a parallel circuit
ii. Measure resistor from the circuit
iii. Measure current from the circuit

MATERIAL
i. Software : Autodesk Tinkercad
THEORY
PARALLEL: A parallel circuit has more than one resistor (anything that uses electricity to do
work) and gets its name from having multiple (parallel) paths to move along. Charges can move
through any of several paths. If one of the items in the circuit is broken then no charge will move
through that path, but other paths will continue to have charges flow through them.
ΣIR+ΣE.M.F.=0
CIRCUIT DIAGRAM :
PROCEDURE:
1. Connected circuit as per the circuit diagram

2. Measure the total resistance in the circuit using multimeter and write in table 1.1

Circuit 1 Circuit 2 Circuit 3

3. Measure the current flow into each resistor using multimeter and write in table 1.1

Circuit 1
4. Circuit 2 and Circuit 3

Circuit 2

Circuit 3
RESULT
Table 1.1 Reading result

Current Current Current

136 Ω 40.5mA 15.9mA 8.90mA 65.3mA 8.88V

462 Ω 5.98mA 4.49mA 8.97mA 19.44mA 8.98V

66.0 Ω 26.7mA 88.0mA 18.7mA 133.4mA 8.8V

1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑇 220Ω 560Ω 1𝐾Ω
RT= 136 OHM
VT= IT X RT
VT = (65.3 ×  10−3 ) (136Ω)
VT= 8.88V

CIRCUIT 2
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑇 1.5𝐾Ω 2𝐾Ω 1𝐾Ω
RT = 462Ω
VT= IT × RT
VT= (19.44 × 10−3 )(462Ω)
VT= 8.98V

CIRCUIT 3
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑇 𝑅1 𝑅2 𝑅3
1 1 1 1
= + +
𝑅𝑇 330Ω 100Ω 470Ω
RT=66
VT= IT × RT
VT= (133.4 × 10−3 )(66Ω)
VT= 8.80
DISCUSSION:
Each device's current I is substantially higher than when the same devices are connected in
series. The overall resistance of a circuit with parallel connections is lower than that of a circuit
with series connections. The electric potential difference across each resistor (V) is the same in
parallel circuits. In a resistor, the current follows Ohm's law: I = V / R. Because the voltage
across each resistor is the identical, the current will be lowest where the resistance is greatest. In
a parallel design, each resistor has the same potential drop across it, but the currents flowing
through each resistor might vary depending on the resistance. Because the average of each circuit
is 8000 for one circuit, the total voltage for each circuit is nearly equal. Circuits in parallel When
two or more components are connected between the same two sites, the overall circuit current
equals the sum of the currents I1, I2, and I3. The source potential difference, V volts, is the same
across each of the resistors. k.

CONCLUSION:
The following are the characteristics and basic rules of a parallel circuit: A parallel circuit has
two or more pathways via which current can flow. Each component of the parallel circuit has the
same voltage. The total current flowing from the source is equal to the sum of the currents
flowing through each path. We may deduce from this experiment that if the resistance is high,
the current will be low. The basic electrical component is the resistor. A resistor allows the
designer to easily alter currents and voltages by opposing the flow of electrons in a
straightforward and predictable manner. Currents and voltages are what circuits are all about.
The letter I is commonly used to represent current. V = IR is Ohm's law, which states that the
current flowing through a conductor is proportional to the voltage V and resistance R. I = V/R is
an alternate statement of Ohm's law.
QUESTIONS:

1. In a parallel circuit, with a number of resistors, the voltage across each resistor is exactly
the same.

2. When parallel resistors are of three different values, which has the greatest power loss?
• Higher the value of resistor, lesser the value of current, and as value of current is less
then greatest the power loss. =2v/r.

3. What happens to total resistance in a circuit with parallel resistors if one of them opens?
• If one of them is open means R1=NO, so it will be R2 in Series. So total resistance will
decrease. As we know for a particular resistor in series net resistance is greater than a resistance
in parallel if we remove resistor of one of them from a parallel circuit the net result will
increases as reverse as in series.

4. As additional resistors are connected to a parallel circuit, the total resistance will
• more current flows from the source than would flow for any of them individually, so the
total resistance is lower.

5. An ammeter is connected in parallel with the voltage supply to measure total parallel
circuit current.

REFFERENCES
• https://www.britannica.com/technology/parallel-circuit
• https://www.allaboutcircuits.com/textbook/direct-current/chpt-5/simple-parallel-circuits/
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Series_and_parallel_circuits
• https://opentextbc.ca/universityphysicsv2openstax/chapter/resistors-in-series-and-
parallel/#:~.text=When%20resistors%20are%20connected%20in,the%20total%20resistance%20i
5¾20lower