Digital Logic Design Laboratory Hand Book

Experiment No. 11 (Open Ended)

IMPLEMENTATION AND VERIFICATION OF LINE ENCODER
OBJECTIVE
 Designing Binary Code Decimal encoder, its understanding and its analysis.
 Designing of octal to binary encoder and decimal to binary encoder.
EQUIPMENT
 ePAL Trainer Board
 2 resisters 1K ohm
 Connecting wires
COMPONENTs
 IC Type 7432 Quadruple 2-input OR gates
THEORY
An encoder is a combinational circuit that performs the inverse operation of a decoder. If a
device output code has fewer bits than the input code has, the device is usually called an
encoder. e.g. 2n-to-n, priority encoders.
The simplest encoder is a 2n-to-n binary encoder, where it has only one of 2n inputs = 1 and the
output is the n-bit binary number corresponding to the active input.
An encoder is a combinational logic circuit that can be used to convert 2^n lines of digital
input into n bits of coded binary output. However, in a simple encoder, only one of the inputs
is considered to be high out of all the 2^n inputs. In simple terms, an encoder takes in 2^n binary
inputs, one at a time, and codes them into n bits of one output code.

4:2 ENCODER:
A 4:2 encoder has four inputs and two outputs. By definition, an encoder takes in the high value
of every input and gives an n bit output. Essentially, the output that the encoder outputs is the
physical address of the line.

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TRUTH TABLE OF 4:2 ENCODER

INPUT OUTPUT

A B C D Y0 Y1

0 0 0 1 0 0

0 0 1 0 0 1

0 1 0 0 1 0

1 0 0 0 1 1

From the truth table of the 4:2 encoder above we have, Y0 = 1 at 0100 or 1000, so,
Y0 = A’BC’D’ + AB’C’D’ = C’D'( )
Similarly, Y1 = 1 at 0010 or 1000, so,
Y1 = A’B’CD’ + AB’C’D’ = B’D'( )
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
Plotting the circuit from the above equations we get the following combinational logic circuit for
the 4:2 encoder.

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OTHER APPROACH
The 4 to 2 Encoder consists of four inputs Y3, Y2, Y1 & Y0 and two outputs A1 & A0. At any
time, only one of these 4 inputs can be ‘1’ in order to get the respective binary code at the output.
The figure below shows the logic symbol of 4 to 2 encoder :

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The Truth table of 4 to 2 encoder is as follows :

INPUT OUTPUT
Decimal
Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 A1 A0
Digit
0 0 0 0 1 0 0

1 0 0 1 0 0 1

2 0 1 0 0 1 0

3 1 0 0 0 1 1

Logical expression for A1 and A0 :

A1 = Y3 + Y2
A0 = Y3 + Y1
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
The above two Boolean functions A1 and A0 can be implemented using two input OR gates :

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Four to two line encoder Figure 11.1
8:3 ENCODER: Octal-to-Binary
Octal-to-Binary take 8 inputs and provides 3 outputs, thus doing the opposite of what the 3-to-
8 decoder does. At any one time, only one input line has a value of 1. The 8 to 3 Encoder or octal
to Binary encoder consists of 8 inputs : Y7 to Y0 and 3 outputs : A2, A1 & A0. Each input line
corresponds to each octal digit and three outputs generate corresponding binary code.
The figure below shows the logic symbol of octal to binary encoder:

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The truth table for 8 to 3 encoder is as follows :

INPUT OUTPUT
Decimal
Digit Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 A2 A1 A0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1

2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 1 0

3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 1

4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

Logical expression for A2, A1 and A0 :

A2 = Y7 + Y6 + Y5 + Y4
A1 = Y7 + Y6 + Y3 + Y2
A0 = Y7 + Y5 + Y3 + Y1
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
The above two Boolean functions A2, A1 and A0 can be implemented using four input OR gates

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For an 8-to-3 binary encoder with if inputs D0-D7 the logic expressions of the outputs A0-A2.
A0 = D1 + D3 + D5 + D7
A1 = D2 + D3 + D6 + D7
A2 = D4 + D5 + D6 + D7

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Figure 11.2 Octal to Binary Encoder
10:4 ENCODER: Decimal-to-BCD
Decimal-to-BCD take 10 inputs and provides 4 outputs, thus doing the opposite of what the 4-
to-10 decoder does. At any one time, only one input line has a value of 1. The decimal to binary
encoder usually consists of 10 input lines and 4 output lines. Each input line corresponds to the
each decimal digit and 4 outputs correspond to the BCD code. This encoder accepts the decoded
decimal data as an input and encodes it to the BCD output which is available on the output lines.
The figure below shows the logic symbol of decimal to BCD encoder.

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The truth table for decimal to BCD encoder is as follows:

INPUT OUTPUT
Decimal
Digit Y9 Y8 Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 A3 A2 A1 A0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 1 0

3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1

4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1

6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0

7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1

8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 1
Logical expression for A3, A2, A1 and A0 :
A3 = Y9 + Y8
A2 = Y7 + Y6 + Y5 +Y4
A1 = Y7 + Y6 + Y3 +Y2
A0 = Y9 + Y7 +Y5 +Y3 + Y1
CONNECTION DIAGRAM
The above two Boolean functions can be implemented using OR gates :

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For 10-to-4 binary encoder with if inputs D0-D9 the logic expressions of the outputs A0-A3
A3 = D8 + D9
A2 = D4 + D5 + D6 + D7

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A1 = D2 + D3 + D6 + D7
A0 = D1 + D3 + D5 + D7 + D9

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Figure 11.3 Decimal to BCD Encoder
4:2 PRIORITY ENCODER:
A 4 to 2 priority encoder has 4 inputs : Y3, Y2, Y1 & Y0 and 2 outputs : A1 & A0. Here, the
input, Y3 has the highest priority, whereas the input, Y0 has the lowest priority. In this case,
even if more than one input is ‘1’ at the same time, the output will be the (binary) code
corresponding to the input, which is having higher priority.
The truth table for priority encoder is as follows :

INPUT OUTPUT

Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 A1 A0 V

0 0 0 0 X X 0

0 0 0 1 0 0 1

0 0 1 X 0 1 1

0 1 X X 1 0 1

1 X X X 1 1 1

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Similarly make a K- Map for V and simplify

V= Y0 + Y1 + Y2 + Y3
CONNECTION DIAGRAM

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four to two line priority encoder Figure 11.4
PROCEDURE

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Task No. 1
Construct a circuit of 4:2 Line Encoder.

Task No. 2
Construct a circuit of 8:3 Line Encoder.
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Task No. 3
Construct a circuit of 10:4 Line Encoder.

Task No. 4
Construct a circuit of 4:2 Priority Encoder.

RESULTS
Truth Tables Task # 1 TRUTH TABLE OF 4:2 ENCODER
INPUT OUTPUT
Decimal
Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 A1 A0
Digit
0 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 1 0
2 0 1 0 0
3 1 0 0 0
Task # 2 TRUTH TABLE OF 8:3 ENCODER
INPUT OUTPUT
Decimal
Digit Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 A2 A1 A0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

3 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

4 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

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5 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

6 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Task # 3 TRUTH TABLE OF 10:4 ENCODER

INPUT OUTPUT
Decimal
Digit Y9 Y8 Y7 Y6 Y5 Y4 Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 A3 A2 A1 A0

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1

1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0

2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0

3 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0

4 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0

5 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0

6 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0

7 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

8 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

9 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Task # 4 TRUTH TABLE OF 4:2 PRIORITY ENCODER

INPUT OUTPUT

Y3 Y2 Y1 Y0 A1 A0 V

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 1

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0 0 1 X

0 1 X X

1 X X X

CONCLUSION
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