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Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

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 Global Journal of Researches in Engineering
Civil And Structural Engineering
Volume 13 Issue 6 Version 1.0 Year 2013
Type: Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal
Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA)
Online ISSN: 2249-4596 & Print ISSN: 0975-5861

Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

By Sujata Shreedhar & R. Shreedhar
S. G. Balekundri Institute of Technology, India
Abstract - Multiple cell reinforced box culverts are ideal bridge structure if the discharge in a drain
crossing the road is large and if the bearing capacity of the soil is low as the single box culvert
becomes uneconomical because of the higher thickness of the slab and walls. In such cases,
more than one box can be constructed side- by- side monolithically.
The box culvert has to be analyzed for moments, shear forces and thrusts developed due
to the various loading conditions by any classical methods such as moment distribution method,
slope deflection method etc. It becomes very tedious for the designer to arrive at design forces
for various loading conditions. Hence a study is made to arrive at the coefficients for moments,
shear forces and axial thrusts for different loading cases and for different ratios of L/H = 1.0,
L/H = 1.25, L/H = 1.5, L/H = 1.75 and L/H = 2.0 for three cell box culvert.
This enables the designer to decide the combination of various loading cases to arrive at
the maximum design forces at the critical section thus saving considerable design time and
effort.
Keywords : design coefficients, three cell, culvert, moment, axial thrust, shear.
GJRE-E Classification : FOR Code: 290899

DesignCoefficientsforThreeCellBoxCulvert
Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of :

© 2013. Sujata Shreedhar & R. Shreedhar. This is a research/review paper, distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons
Attribution-Noncommercial 3.0 Unported License http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by-nc/3.0/), permitting all non commercial
use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert
Sujata Shreedhar Į & R. Shreedhar ı

Abstract - Multiple cell reinforced box culverts are ideal bridge Width of dispersion parallel to the span is also
structure if the discharge in a drain crossing the road is large calculated. Then the maximum magnitude of load is
and if the bearing capacity of the soil is low as the single box divided by width of dispersion parallel to span and width
culvert becomes uneconomical because of the higher of dispersion perpendicular to the span to get the load
thickness of the slab and walls. In such cases, more than one
intensity on the top slab.
box can be constructed side- by- side monolithically.
The box culvert has to be analyzed for moments, b) Weight of Side Walls
shear forces and thrusts developed due to the various loading
The self weight of two side walls acting as

Year 2013
conditions by any classical methods such as moment
distribution method, slope deflection method etc. It becomes
concentrated loads are assumed to produce uniform
very tedious for the designer to arrive at design forces for soil reaction on the bottom slab.
various loading conditions. Hence a study is made to arrive at
c) Water Pressure Inside Culvert
the coefficients for moments, shear forces and axial thrusts for
different loading cases and for different ratios of L/H = 1.0,
The pressure distribution on side walls is
25
L/H = 1.25, L/H = 1.5, L/H = 1.75 and L/H = 2.0 for three cell assumed to be triangular with a maximum pressure
box culvert. intensity of p=wh at the base, where w is the density of

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issue vVI Version I

This enables the designer to decide the combination water and h is the depth of flow.
of various loading cases to arrive at the maximum design
forces at the critical section thus saving considerable design
d) Earth Pressure on Vertical Side Walls
time and effort. The earth pressure on the vertical side walls of
Keywords: design coefficients, three cell, culvert, the box culvert is computed according to the Coloumb’s
moment, axial thrust, shear. theory. The earth pressure intensity on the side walls is
given by Ɖс<ĂɶH, where Ka is coefficient of active earth
I. General pressure, ɶ is the density of soil and H is he vertical

R
CC box culverts comprising of top slab, base slab height of box.
and stem are cast monolithically to carry live load, e) Uniform Lateral Load on Side Walls
embankment load, water pressure and lateral Uniform lateral pressure on vertical side walls is
earth pressure in a better way. They may be either single considered due to the sum of effect of embankment
cell or multiple cells. The top of the box may be at road loading and live load surcharge. Also the uniform lateral
level or it may at a depth below the road level if the road pressure on vertical side walls is considered due to
is in embankment. The required height and number of embankment loading alone.
boxes depends on hydraulic and other requirements at
the site such as road level, nalla bed level, scour depth III. Design Moments, Shears and
etc. The barrel of the box culvert should be of sufficient Thrusts
length to accommodate the carriageway and the kerbs.
The box culvert is analysed for moments, shear
II. Loads forces and axial thrusts developed at the critical
The loads considered for the analysis of box sections due to the various loading conditions by
culverts are Dead load, Live load, Soil pressure on side moment distribution method. The critical sections
walls, Surcharge due to live load, and Water pressure considered are at the centre of top slab, bottom slab
from inside. and vertical slab and at the corners of top slab, bottom
slab and vertical wall. The moments, shear forces and
a) Uniform Distributed Load axial thrusts at the critical sections for different loading
The weight of embankment, deck slab and the cases are computed for different ratios of L/H = 1.0, L/H
track load are considered to be uniformly distributed = 1.25, L/H = 1.5, L/H = 1.75 and L/H = 2.0 for three
loads on the top slab with the uniform soil reaction on cell box culverts.
the bottom slab. For live load distribution, the width of
dispersion perpendicular to the span is computed first. IV. Design Coefficients for Moments,
Auhtor Į : Assistant Professor, S. G. Balekundri Institute of Shears and Thrusts
Technology, Belgaum, Karnataka, India.
e-mail: sujata.shreedhar55@gmail.com
The design coefficients for moments, shear
Author ı : Associate Professor, KLS Gogte Institute of Technology, forces and axial thrusts at the critical sections for
Belgaum. e-mail: rshreedhar@git.edu different loading cases are computed for different ratios

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

of L/H = 1.0, L/H = 1.25, L/H = 1.5, L/H = 1.75 and L/H ɶ is the density of soil
= 2.0 for three cell box culverts. H is the vertical height of the box
a) Uniform Distributed Load V. Sign Conventions
Design coefficient for moment = M/wL2
The following sign conventions are used in the
Design coefficient for shear = V/ wL analysis for moment, shear and thrust:
Design coefficient for thrust = N /wL x Positive moment indicates tension on inside face.
where, x Positive shear indicates that the summation of force
w is the sum of weight of embankment, deck slab and at the left of the section acts outwards when viewed
track load. from within.
x Positive thrust indicates compression on the
Year 2013

b) Weight of Side Walls

section.
Design coefficient for moment = M / WL
Design coefficient for shear =V/W VI. Results and Discussions
Design coefficient for thrust = N / W The results for the box culvert analysed for
26
where, moments, shears, and thrusts at the critical sections for
W is the weight of each vertical side wall various loading conditions are presented in tables (table
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issuev vVI Version I

no.s 1 to 5) and graphs (figure no.s 2 to 11). The

c) Water Pressure Inside Culvert variation of bending moment, shear forces and thrusts
Design coefficient for moment = M / pL2 for various ratios of box culvert can be observed from
Design coefficient for shear = V / pL the graphs plotted for various loading cases. This
enables to arrive at the design forces resulting from the
Design coefficient for thrust = N / pL combination of the various cases yielding maximum
where, moments and forces at the support and midspan
p is the maximum pressure intensity at the base which is sections.
given by wh The various loading cases are as given below:
w is the density of water and h is the depth of flow ¾ Case 1: Uniform Distributed Load due to weight of
d) Earth Pressure on Vertical Side Walls embankment, deck slab and track load
Design coefficient for moment = M / pL2 ¾ Case 2 : Weight of side walls
Design coefficient for shear = V / pL ¾ Case 3 : Water pressure from inside
Design coefficient for thrust = N / pL ¾ Case 4 : Earth pressure on side walls
where, ¾ Case 5a : Uniform lateral earth pressure due to
M, N, V are the moment, axial thrust and shear at the superimposed dead load and live load
critical section ¾ Case 5b : Uniform lateral earth pressure due to
p is the earth pressure intensity which is equal to <Ăɶ, superimposed dead load only

A2 B1 H13 H14 I15

H12
A3

G11
E4

F10
D5
D6 C7 F8 F9 J16

Figure 1 : Critical Sections for three celled box culvert

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

Table 1 : Coefficients for Moment, Shear and Thrust in three celled box culvert for ratio 1:1
Coefficients Loading Case
L:H Section
for 1 2 3 4 5
M +0.063 +0.008 +0.008 -0.008 -0.008
B1
N 0 -0.077 -0.160 +0.160 +0.494
M -0.030 +0.016 +0.023 -0.023 -0.023
A2 N 0 -0.077 -0.160 +0.160 +0.494
V +0.432 -0.017 -0.030 +0.030 +0.030
M -0.030 +0.016 +0.023 -0.023 -0.023
A3 N +0.432 -0.335 -0.030 +0.030 +0.030
V 0 -0.017 0.160 -0.160 -0.494
M -0.030 -0.023 -0.037 +0.037 +0.098
E4
N +0.432 +0.165 -0.030 +0.030 +0.030
M -0.030 -0.061 +0.030 -0.030 -0.030

Year 2013
D5 N +0.432 +0.665 -0.038 +0.038 +0.038
V 0 +0.077 -0.340 +0.340 +0.506
M -0.030 -0.061 +0.030 -0.030 -0.030
D6 N 0 +0.077 -0.340 +0.340 +0.506
V -0.432 -0.665 +0.038 -0.038 -0.038
27
M +0.063 +0.085 +0.011 +0.011 +0.010
C7
N 0 +0.077 -0.340 +0.340 +0.506

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issue vVI Version I

M -0.098 -0.145 -0.009 +0.009 +0.009
F8 N 0 +0.077 -0.340 +0.340 +0.506
V +0.568 +0.835 +0.038 -0.038 -0.038
1:1 M -0.091 -0.133 -0.004 +0.004 +0.004
F9 N 0 +0.077 -0.340 +0.340 +0.506
V -0.500 0 0 0 0
M -0.008 -0.012 -0.005 +0.005 +0.005
F10 N +1.068 +0.835 +0.038 -0.038 -0.038
V 0 -0.013 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
M -0.008 -0.006 -0.005 +0.005 +0.005
G11
N +1.068 +0.335 +0.038 -0.038 -0.038
M -0.008 +0.001 -0.003 +0.003 +0.003
H12 N +1.068 -0.165 +0.030 -0.030 -0.030
V 0 -0.013 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
M -0.098 -0.003 -0.006 +0.006 +0.006
H13 N 0 -0.077 -0.160 +0.160 +0.494
V -0.568 -0.017 -0.030 +0.030 +0.030
M -0.091 -0.004 -0.003 +0.003 +0.004
H14 N 0 -0.077 -0.160 +0.160 +0.494
V 0.5 0 0 0 0
M +0.034 -0.004 -0.003 +0.003 +0.004
I15
N 0 -0.004 -0.160 +0.160 +0.494
M +0.034 -0.133 -0.004 +0.004 +0.004
J16
N 0 +0.077 -0.340 +0.340 +0.506

Table 2 : Coefficients for Moment, Shear and Thrust in three celled box culvert for ratio 1.25:1

Coefficients Loading Case

L:H Section
for 1 2 3 4 5
M +0.061 +0.006 +0.005 -0.005 -0.005
B1
N 0 -0.106 -0.129 +0.129 +0.395
M -0.035 +0.016 +0.014 -0.014 -0.014
A2 N 0 -0.106 -0.129 +0.129 +0.395
V +0.437 -0.019 -0.018 +0.018 +0.018
1.25:1
M -0.035 +0.016 +0.014 -0.014 -0.014
A3 N +0.437 -0.325 -0.018 +0.018 +0.018
V 0 -0.019 0.129 -0.129 -0.395
E4 M -0.035 -0.026 -0.025 +0.025 +0.064

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

N +0.437 +0.175 -0.018 +0.018 +0.018

M -0.035 -0.068 +0.017 -0.017 -0.017
D5 N +0.437 +0.675 -0.023 +0.023 +0.023
V 0 +0.106 -0.271 +0.271 +0.404
M -0.035 -0.068 +0.017 -0.017 -0.017
D6 N 0 +0.106 -0.271 +0.271 +0.404
V -0.437 -0.675 +0.023 -0.023 -0.023
M +0.061 +0.083 +0.006 +0.006 +0.006
C7
N 0 +0.106 -0.271 +0.271 +0.404
M -0.098 -0.144 -0.005 +0.005 +0.005
F8 N 0 +0.106 -0.271 +0.271 +0.404
V +0.563 +0.828 +0.023 -0.023 -0.023
Year 2013

M -0.090 -0.132 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002

F9 N 0 +0.106 -0.271 +0.271 +0.404
V -0.500 0 0 0 0
M -0.008 -0.012 -0.003 +0.003 +0.003
F10 N +1.063 +0.828 +0.023 -0.023 -0.023
28 V 0 -0.015 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
M -0.008 -0.006 -0.003 +0.003 +0.009
G11
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issuev vVI Version I

N +1.063 +0.328 +0.023 -0.023 -0.023

M -0.008 0 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
H12 N +1.063 -0.172 +0.018 -0.018 -0.018
V 0 -0.015 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
M -0.098 -0.003 -0.004 +0.004 +0.004
H13 N 0 -0.106 -0.129 +0.129 +0.395
V -0.563 -0.019 -0.018 +0.018 +0.018
M -0.090 -0.003 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
H14 N 0 -0.106 -0.129 +0.129 +0.395
V 0.5 0 0 0 0
M +0.035 -0.003 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
I15
N 0 -0.106 -0.129 +0.129 +0.395
M +0.035 -0.132 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
J16
N 0 +0.106 -0.271 +0.271 +0.404

Table 3 : Coefficients for Moment, Shear and Thrust in three celled box culvert for ratio 1.5:1

Coefficients Loading Case

L:H Section
for 1 2 3 4 5
M +0.059 +0.006 +0.003 -0.003 -0.003
B1
N 0 -0.133 -0.108 +0.108 +0.329
M -0.038 +0.016 +0.009 -0.009 -0.009
A2 N 0 -0.133 -0.108 +0.108 +0.329
V +0.441 -0.020 -0.012 +0.012 +0.012
M -0.038 +0.016 +0.009 -0.009 -0.009
A3 N +0.441 -0.318 -0.012 +0.012 +0.012
V 0 -0.020 0.108 -0.108 -0.329
M -0.038 -0.029 -0.018 +0.018 +0.045
E4
N +0.441 +0.182 -0.012 +0.012 +0.012
M -0.038 -0.073 +0.011 -0.011 -0.011
1.5:1 D5 N +0.441 +0.682 -0.015 +0.015 +0.015
V 0 +0.133 -0.225 +0.225 +0.336
M -0.038 -0.073 +0.011 -0.011 -0.011
D6 N 0 +0.133 -0.225 +0.225 +0.336
V -0.441 -0.682 +0.015 -0.015 -0.015
M +0.059 +0.082 +0.004 +0.004 +0.004
C7
N 0 +0.133 -0.225 +0.225 +0.336
M -0.097 -0.143 -0.004 +0.004 +0.004
F8 N 0 +0.133 -0.225 +0.225 +0.336
V +0.559 +0.822 +0.015 -0.015 -0.015

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

M -0.089 -0.131 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001

F9 N 0 +0.133 -0.225 +0.225 +0.336
V -0.500 0 0 0 0
M -0.008 -0.012 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
F10 N +1.059 +0.822 +0.015 -0.015 -0.015
V 0 -0.018 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
M -0.008 -0.006 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
G11
N +1.059 +0.322 +0.015 -0.015 -0.015
M -0.008 0 -0.002 +0.002 +0.001
H12 N +1.059 -0.178 +0.012 -0.012 -0.012
V 0 -0.018 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
M -0.097 -0.003 -0.003 +0.003 +0.003
H13 N 0 -0.133 -0.108 +0.108 +0.329
V -0.559 -0.020 -0.012 +0.012 +0.012
M -0.089 -0.003 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001

Year 2013
H14 N 0 -0.133 -0.108 +0.108 +0.329
V 0.5 0 0 0 0
M +0.036 -0.003 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
I15
N 0 -0.133 -0.108 +0.108 +0.329
M +0.036 -0.131 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001 29
J16
N 0 +0.133 -0.225 +0.225 +0.336

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issue vVI Version I

Table 4 : Coefficients for Moment, Shear and Thrust in three celled box culvert for ratio 1.75:1
Coefficients Loading Case
L:H Section
for 1 2 3 4 5
M +0.057 +0.006 +0.002 -0.002 -0.002
B1
N 0 -0.162 -0.093 +0.093 +0.283
M -0.042 +0.015 +0.006 -0.006 -0.006
A2 N 0 -0.162 -0.093 +0.093 +0.283
V +0.445 -0.019 -0.008 +0.008 +0.008
M -0.042 +0.015 +0.006 -0.006 -0.006
A3 N +0.445 -0.313 -0.008 +0.008 +0.008
V 0 -0.019 0.093 -0.093 -0.283
M -0.042 -0.031 -0.014 +0.014 +0.034
E4
N +0.445 +0.187 -0.008 +0.008 +0.008
M -0.042 -0.078 +0.008 -0.008 -0.008
D5 N +0.445 +0.687 -0.010 +0.010 +0.010
V 0 +0.162 -0.193 +0.193 +0.288
M -0.042 -0.078 +0.008 -0.008 -0.008
D6 N 0 +0.162 -0.193 +0.193 +0.288
V -0.445 -0.687 +0.010 -0.010 -0.010
M +0.057 +0.080 +0.003 +0.003 +0.003
C7
1.75:1 N 0 +0.162 -0.193 +0.193 +0.288
M -0.097 -0.142 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
F8 N 0 +0.162 -0.193 +0.193 +0.288
V +0.555 +0.816 +0.010 -0.010 -0.010
M -0.088 -0.130 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
F9 N 0 +0.162 -0.193 +0.193 +0.288
V -0.500 0 0 0 0
M -0.009 -0.012 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
F10 N +1.055 +0.816 +0.010 -0.010 -0.010
V 0 -0.019 -0.001 +0.001 0
M -0.009 -0.006 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
G11
N +1.055 +0.316 +0.010 -0.010 -0.010
M -0.009 -0.001 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
H12 N +1.055 -0.184 +0.008 -0.008 -0.008
V 0 -0.019 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
M -0.097 -0.004 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
H13
N 0 -0.162 -0.093 +0.093 +0.283

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

V -0.555 -0.019 -0.008 +0.008 +0.008

M -0.088 -0.003 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
H14 N 0 -0.162 -0.093 +0.093 +0.283
V 0.5 0 0 0 0
M +0.037 -0.003 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
I15
N 0 -0.162 -0.093 +0.093 +0.283
M +0.037 -0.130 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
J16
N 0 +0.162 -0.193 +0.193 +0.288

Table 5 : Coefficients for Moment, Shear and Thrust in three celled box culvert for ratio 2:1

Coefficients Loading Case

L:H Section
Year 2013

for 1 2 3 4 5
M +0.056 +0.005 +0.002 -0.002 -0.001
B1
N 0 -0.191 -0.081 +0.081 +0.247
M -0.044 +0.015 +0.004 -0.004 -0.004
A2 N 0 -0.191 -0.081 +0.081 +0.247
3 0
V +0.448 -0.019 -0.006 +0.006 +0.006
M -0.044 +0.015 +0.004 -0.004 -0.004
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issuev vVI Version I

A3 N +0.448 -0.310 -0.006 +0.006 +0.006

V 0 -0.019 0.081 -0.081 -0.247
M -0.044 -0.033 -0.011 +0.011 +0.026
E4
N +0.448 +0.190 -0.006 +0.006 +0.006
M -0.044 -0.081 +0.005 -0.005 -0.005
D5 N +0.448 +0.690 -0.007 +0.007 +0.007
V 0 +0.191 -0.168 +0.168 +0.251
M -0.044 -0.081 +0.005 -0.005 -0.005
D6 N 0 +0.191 -0.168 +0.168 +0.251
V -0.448 -0.690 +0.007 -0.007 -0.007
M +0.056 +0.078 +0.002 +0.002 +0.002
C7
N 0 +0.191 -0.168 +0.168 +0.251
M -0.096 -0.141 -0.002 +0.002 +0.002
F8 N 0 +0.191 -0.168 +0.168 +0.251
V +0.552 +0.809 +0.007 -0.007 -0.007
2:1 M -0.088 -0.129 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
F9 N 0 +0.191 -0.168 +0.168 +0.251
V -0.500 0 0 0 0
M -0.009 -0.012 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
F10 N +1.052 +0.809 +0.007 -0.007 -0.007
V 0 -0.021 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
M -0.009 -0.007 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
G11
N +1.052 +0.309 +0.007 -0.007 -0.007
M -0.009 -0.001 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
H12 N +1.052 -0.191 +0.006 -0.006 -0.006
V 0 -0.021 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
M -0.096 -0.004 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
H13 N 0 -0.191 -0.081 +0.081 +0.247
V -0.552 -0.019 -0.006 +0.006 +0.006
M -0.088 -0.002 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
H14 N 0 -0.191 -0.081 +0.081 +0.247
V 0.5 0 0 0 0
M +0.037 -0.002 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
I15
N 0 -0.191 -0.081 +0.081 +0.247
M +0.037 -0.129 -0.001 +0.001 +0.001
J16
N 0 +0.191 -0.168 +0.168 +0.251

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

0.061 0.059 0.057

0.06 0.056
0.063
Coefficients for bending moment

0.04 Case1

Case2
0.02
0.008 Case 3
0.006 0.005 0.006 0.006 0.005
0.008 0.003 0.002 0.002
0 -0.003 -0.002 Case 4
-0.005
0.75 -0.0081 1.25 1.5 1.75
-0.002 2 -0.002 2.25
-0.005 -0.003 -0.001 Case 5
-0.008

Year 2013
-0.02

-0.04
Ratio L/H
3 1

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issue vVI Version I

Figure 2 : Coefficients for BM at section B1 in three cell box culvert

0.04

0.03 0.023
0.02 0.016 0.016 0.015 0.015
Coefficients for bending moment

Case 1
0.01 0.016 0.014 0.006
0.009 0.004
0 Case 2
-0.006
0.75 1 1.25 -0.009
1.5 1.75 2 -0.004 2.25
-0.01 -0.014 -0.006 -0.004 Case 3
-0.009
-0.023
-0.02 -0.014
-0.023 Case 4
-0.03
-0.03 Case 5
-0.04 -0.035
-0.038
-0.042 -0.044
-0.05

-0.06
Ratio L/H

Figure 3 : Coefficients for BM at section A2 & A3 in three cell box culvert

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

0.1

0.08 0.085 0.083 0.082 0.08 0.078

Coefficients for bending moment

0.06
0.063 Case 1
0.061 0.059 0.057 0.056
0.04 Case 2

0.02 0.011 Case 3

0.011 0.006 0.006 0.004 0.004
0.003 0.003 0.002 0.002
0.01
Year 2013

0 0.006 0.004 0.002

Case 4
0.003
0.75 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
-0.02 Case 5

-0.04
3 2
-0.06
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issuev vVI Version I

Ratio L/H

Figure 4 : Coefficients for BM at section C7 in three cell box culvert

0.03 0.03 0.017

0.011 0.008
0.01 0.005
-0.008
Coefficients for bending moment

-0.01 0.75 -0.011 -0.005 Case 1

1 -0.017
1.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
-0.03 -0.017 -0.011 -0.008 -0.005
-0.03 -0.03 Case 2
-0.03 -0.035
-0.05 -0.038 -0.042 -0.044 Case 3
-0.068 -0.073
-0.07 -0.061 -0.078 -0.081
Case 4
-0.09
Case 5
-0.11

-0.13

-0.15
Ratio L/H

Figure 5 : Coefficients for BM at section D5&D6 in three cell box culvert

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

0.11
0.098
Coefficients for bending moment 0.09

0.07 0.064 Case 1

0.05 0.045
0.034 Case 2
0.03 0.025 0.018 0.026
0.037 0.014 Case 3
0.01 0.011
Case 4
-0.01 -0.018 -0.014 -0.011 2.25
0.75 1
-0.023 1.25
-0.026 1.5 1.75 2
-0.029 -0.031 Case 5
-0.03 -0.03 -0.026 -0.033

Year 2013
-0.05 -0.037 -0.035 -0.038
-0.042 -0.044
-0.07

Ratio L/H
33

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issue vVI Version I

Figure 6 : Coefficients for BM at section E4 in three cell box culvert

0.6

0.5
Coefficients for shear force

0.448 Case 1
0.4 0.432 0.437 0.441 0.445

0.3 Case 2
0.2
0.018 0.008 Case 3
0.1 0.03 0.012 0.006
0.018 0.012 0.008
0.03 0.006
0 Case 4
0.75 0.12 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 -0.006 2.25
-0.1 -0.018 -0.012 -0.008-0.019 -0.019
-0.03 0.17 Case 5
-0.02
-0.2

-0.3

-0.4
Ratio L/H

Figure 7 : Coefficients for SF at section A2 in three cell box culvert

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

0.2

0.023 0.015 0.007

0.038 0.01
Coefficients for shear force
Case 1
0
-0.007
0.75 -0.038 1 1.25 -0.023 1.5 -0.015 1.75
-0.01 2 2.25
-0.038 -0.023 -0.007 Case 2
-0.015
-0.2
-0.01
Case 3

Case 4
Year 2013

-0.4
-0.432 -0.448
-0.437 -0.441 -0.445 Case 5
-0.6 0.665

34 0.675 -0.682 -0.687 -0.69

-0.8
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issuev vVI Version I

Ratio L/H

Figure 8 : Coefficients for SF at section D6 in three cell box culvert

1.2

1
Coefficients for shear force

0.12 0.17 0.822 0.816 0.809 Case 1

0.8
Case 2
0.6
0.568 0.563 0.559 0.555 0.552 Case 3
0.4

0.2 Case 4
0.038 0.015 0.01
0.023 0.007
0 Case 5
-0.038 -0.015 -0.007
0.75 1 -0.0231.25 1.5 1.75 2 2.25
-0.2 -0.038 -0.023 -0.01 -0.007
-0.015
-0.01
-0.4
Ratio L/H

Figure 9 : Coefficients for SF at section F8 in three cell box culvert

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

0.2

0.1 0.03 0.018 0.012 0.008 0.006

0.018 0.012 0.008
Coefficients for shear force

0.03 0.006 Case 1

-1E-15
0.75 0.12 1 1.25 1.5 1.75 2 -0.006 2.25 Case 2
-0.1 -0.018 -0.012 -0.008-0.019 -0.019
-0.03 0.17 -0.02
-0.2 Case 3
-0.3
Case 4
-0.4
Case 5
-0.5

Year 2013
-0.6 -0.563 -0.555 -0.552
-0.568 -0.559

-0.7
Ratio L/H 35

Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issue vVI Version I

Figure 10 : Coefficients for SF at section H13 in three cell box culvert

1.5
Coefficients for normal thrust

1.25 Case 1

1
1.068 1.063 1.059 1.055 1.052 Case 2
0.75
Case 3
0.5 1.221 0.332 0.316 0.309
1.204 Case 4
0.25
0.023 0.015 0.01 0.007
0.038
0 Case 5
-0.038 -0.007
0.75 1
-0.038 1.25
-0.023 1.5 -0.015 1.75 -0.01 2 2.25
-0.25 -0.023 -0.015 -0.01 -0.007

-0.5
Ratio L/H

Figure 11 : Coefficients for Normal thrust at section G11 in three cell box culvert

VII. Discussions on Three Cell Box load and live load. The weight of side walls decreases
the net negative moment as the moment due to side
Culvert
walls is positive. As the span increases, there is
The maximum positive moment develop at the significant contribution to negative bending moment due
centre of top slab when the culvert is running full and to dead load and live load only as the contribution due
uniform lateral pressure due to superimposed dead load to earth pressure becomes less significant.
only as shown in figure 2. As the span increases, there The maximum positive moment develop at the
is significant contribution to positive bending moment centre of bottom slab when the culvert is running full and
due to dead load and live load only as the contribution uniform lateral pressure due to superimposed dead load
due to earth pressure becomes less significant. and live load (referring fig.4). As the span increases,
It is seen from figure 3 that the maximum there is significant contribution to positive bending
negative moment develop at the corner of top slab when moment due to dead load and live load only as the
the culvert is empty and the top slab carries the dead contribution due to earth pressure becomes less

© 2013 Global Journals Inc. (US)

 Design Coefficients for Three Cell Box Culvert

significant. The weight of side walls also has the i. When the top slab supports the dead load and live
significant effect on net positive bending moment. load and the culvert is empty.
The maximum negative moment develop at the ii. When the top slab supports the dead load and live
corner of bottom slab when the culvert is empty and the loads and the culvert is running full.
top slab carries the dead load and live load as shown in iii. When the sides of the culvert do not carry the live
figure 5. There is significant contribution to maximum load and the culvert is running full.
negative moment due to weight of side walls. As the
span increases, there is contribution to negative d) The study shows that the maximum positive
bending moment due to dead load and live load only as moment develop at the centre of top and bottom
the contribution due to earth pressure becomes less slab for the condition that the sides of the culvert not
significant. carrying the live load and the culvert is running full of
water.
Year 2013

From figure 6 , it can be seen that the maximum

e) The maximum negative moments develop at the
negative moment develop at the centre of vertical wall
support sections of the bottom slab for the condition
when the culvert is running full and when uniform lateral
that the culvert is empty and the top slab carries the
pressure due to superimposed dead load acts only. As
dead load and live load.
the span increases, there is significant contribution to
36 f) The maximum negative moment develop at the
negative bending moment due to dead load and live
load only as the contribution due to water pressure centre of vertical wall when the culvert is running full
Global Journal of Researches in Engineering ( E ) Volume XIII Issuev vVI Version I

becomes less significant. and when uniform lateral pressure due to

superimposed dead load acts only.
The maximum positive shear force occurs at
section A2 in the top slab and at section F8 in the g) The maximum shear forces develop at the corners
bottom slab due to the superimposed dead load and of top and bottom slab when the culvert is running
live load case only as seen from figures 7 and 9. As full and the top slab carries the dead and live load,
seen in figures 8 and 10, the maximum negative shear h) The study shows that there is significant contribution
occurs at section D6 in the bottom slab and at section to positive normal thrust at centre of vertical wall
H13 in the top slab. There is significant contribution to (section E4) due to superimposed dead load & live
shear force values due to weight of side walls at section load and weight of side walls.
D6 and F8. The maximum positive normal thrust occurs i) The study shows that the multi celled box culverts
at mid height of vertical wall due to superimposed dead are more economical for larger spans compared to
and live load and due to weight of side walls as seen in single cell box culvert as the maximum bending
figures 11. moment and shear force values decreases
considerably, thus requiring thinner sections.
VIII. Conclusions
The present study makes an effort to evaluate
IX. Acknowledgements
the design coefficients for bending moment, shear force The authors thank the Principal and
and normal thrust for three celled box culvert subject to Management of S.G.Balekundri Institute of Technology,
various loading cases. An attempt is made to provide Belgaum and KLS Gogte Institute of Technology,
the information of the effects for different ratios of L/H = Belgaum for the continued support and cooperation in
1.0, L/H = 1.25, L/H = 1.5, L/H = 1.75 and L/H = 2.0 carrying out this research study.
three celled box culverts. The results of the study lead to
the following conclusions: References Références Referencias
a) The design coefficients developed for bending 1. IRC: 6-2000, Standard Specifications and Code of
moment, shear and normal thrust at critical sections Practice for Road Bridges-Section: II Loads and
for various loading cases enables the designer to Stresses.
arrive at design forces thus reducing design time 2. IRC:21-2000,Standard Specifications and Code of
and effort. Practice for Road Bridges-Section: III Cement
Concrete(Plain and Reinforced)
b) The critical sections considered are the centre of
span of top and bottom slabs and the support 3. Krihnaraju, N., “Design of Bridges”, Third Edition
sections and at the centre of the vertical walls since Oxford and IBH publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd New Delhi.
the maximum design forces develop at these 4. Victor Johnson, D., “Essentials of Bridge Engi-
sections due to various combinations of loading neering” Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd
patterns. New Delhi.

c) The study shows that the maximum design forces

develop for the following loading conditions:

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