MEDIA INFORMATION LITERACY

 DEFINING COMMUNICATIONS
1. Transition Model
Sender-Message-Channel-Receiver-Effect
2. Ritual/Expressive Model
- Communication happens due to the need of understanding and emotion
- Certain symbolism
3. Publicity Model
- Attention is important
- Communication involves audiences
4. Reception Model
- Communication as open process, based on the content and culture of the receiver.
 MEDIA AND INFORMATION
- Mediate- the base word of the term is Media
- Media is the plural form of medium, although the former is already acceptable as a singular noun
- Categories of Media
CATEGORY EXAMPLES
Modality Text, audio, video, graphics, animation
Format Digital or Analog
Way of Transmitting Electromagnetic or radio waves, light waves
Mass Media Form Tv, radio, print, internet, telephone or mobile
- One of the convenient sources of information nowadays is the World Wide Web.
- In general terms, you may come to understand literacy to be equivalent to skill.
- UNESCO defined literacy as the “ability to identify, understand, interpret, create, communicate, and
compute, using printed and written materials associated with varying contexts.”
- There are 2 factor that can influence you to become a media and information literate individual
o Clarifying your goals and motivation for seeking information
o Acquiring more skills in decerning, appreciating and filtering information.
- Media Literacy- the ability to read, analyze, evaluate and produce communication in a variety of
media forms.
- Information Literacy- the ability to recognize when information is needed and to locate, evaluate
effectively use and communicate information in its various formats.
- Technology/Digital Literacy- the ability to use digital technology, communication tools or networks
to locate, evaluate, use and create information.
- An Important Components of MIL
As producers and consumers of information, you must display the ability to evaluate the kind of
information you access and share. This ability is known as critical thinking.
There are Fundamental Elements of Media Literacy
o A critical thinking skill enabling audience members to develop independent judgements about
media content.
o An understanding of the process of mass communication
 o An awareness of the impact of media on the individual and society
o Strategies for analyzing and discussing media message
o An understanding of media content as text that provides insight into our culture and our lives.
o The ability to enjoy, understand, and appreciate media content.
o Development of effective and responsible productive skills
o An understanding of ethical and moral obligations of media practitioners
 EVOLUTION OF TRADITIONAL MEDIA TO NEW MEDIA
From Traditional Media to New Media
Prehistoric Age
- Consisted of records created by our ancestors, long even before writing was even invented.
- They have made use of stone tools to craft and thus leaves a record of their lives back in the old
days.
- The first traditional communication tools came in the form of art- the music and poetry spoken, the
images and scriptures which our ancestors had written to pass relevant knowledge to the future
generation.
- The Egyptians, for instance, were among the first to use symbols as a form of written
communication.
- There was also the cuneiform used by the Sumerians, which they used not just to jot down
important details, but also to write relevant literature, among the famous Epic of Gilgamesh.
- Later on, ancient civilization used written communication in order to make the trade more
convenient. This is what the Phoenicians became well-known for, a society that survives through
trade, they formed the alphabet which was adopted by the Greeks who further developed it by
adding vowels.
- The spread of news was mainly by mouth; not everyone was able to read or write, hence there were
heralds who announce relevant events.
- In the Philippines umalokohan or town crier served as the messenger to the people.
- Rome and China began to develop their own forms of written news. Rome’s written news came in
the form of acta which were posted by the Roman Forum to inform people of subjects such as
political events, trials, scandals, military campaigns and executions while China have the tipao which
were government-produced new sheets circulated among officials during the Han Dynasty.
- Media and literacy further evolved as technology had improved. Back in the Medieval Age, books
and other reading materials were written by hand.
- The German metallurgist Johannes Gutenberg was known for creating an important milestone in
the history of printing: the movable metal type, a relevant invention that helped in the development
of mass communication.

Industrial Age

- Was said to have begun around 18th century in Great Britain.

- It was a period that was characterized mainly by the revolutionized way of mass production, as hand
tools were gradually replaced by power driven machines like the steam engine.
- There was a remarkable shift from agriculture and handcraft to machine and machine
manufacturing.
- Was a brilliant age for numerous invention which changed people’s lives.
 - Media further developed in the 1800s with Thomas Edison’s invention of phonograph, and it was
also during this period that William Dickinson devised motion picture camera.
- In 1836, Samuel F.B. Morse along with Joseph Henry and Alfred Vail further advanced the way
people communicate with the invention of electrical telegraph system that enabled people to send
messages from distant places. The Morse Code was remarkable as it can transmit messages by
means of on-off tones which can be understood by a skilled listener.
- Around this time books, newspaper and magazines became relevant in the spread of information.
Education became mass-based.

Electronic Age

- In 1895, Guglielmo Marconi transmitted the first radio waves.

- By 1901, he was able to perfect a radio system which transmitted the Morse Code System across
the Atlantic Ocean.
- Communication was expedited in 1876, when the Scottish-born American scientist names
Alexander Graham Bell was granted the first official patent for the telephone. This invention further
revolutionized the spread of information.
- The era of television began in 1927, when the use of the first electronic television design by Philo
Taylor Farnsworth was successfully demonstrated. It became an important medium of information
and entertainment ever since.

Information/New Media Age

- New media started out its development in the year 1969, as internet was first created to aid the U.S
military in disseminating information.
- Communication has become cheaper and better, thus making information faster and more
widespread than ever before.
- In 1998, the telephone evolved into something more portable, that is the cellular phone.
- Internet grew into one of the important platforms for digital media today
- With computers and the internet, we are able to do more than just access information; we are able
to include it in our daily lives, from online shopping, conducting business transactions even for
entertainment.
- Social networking sites (SNS) also occurred during this period. Facebook, twitter, Instagram and
other websites allow people all over the world to communicate and interact with each other online.
- People continuously disseminate information in all parts of the world, making life faster, better, and
more efficient than ever.

Media in the Philippines

- In the pre-colonial times the Filipinos already have a writing system (baybayin) which they use to
communicate, particularly on basic things such as documents and receipts for transactions.
- When the Spanish arrived and colonized the country, they also brought with them the technology
for printing used in Europe-which led to the Doctrina Cristiana, which was reportedly published in
the 17th century.
- One of the most influential media in the Philippine History was the newspaper, particularly the La
Solidaridad which was written in Spanish and published in Spain. Among the writers or La
 Solidaridad were Jose Rizal, Graciano Lopez Jaena (first editor), Marcelo H. Del Pilar and Mariano
Ponce.

Traditonal and New Media

- Traditional Media refers to the forms of mass communication that people utilized before the advent
of new media. Traditional media included the following:
o Newspapers
o Magazines
o Television
o Radio
o Books
- One form of traditional media is the folk media that help spread the culture form one generation to
another. These includes folk music and dances, symbols, art.
- New Media uses technology to spread information through more interactive means.
- The also provide two-way communication and easier to access. The spread of new media relies on
the power of the internet and the communication.
- Websites, social media and digital videos are some of the new media platforms today.

 INTRODUCTION TO MEDIA AND INFORMATION LITERACY

According to Vivian (2009)
Things we usually need media for:
o Personal dependence
o Information
o Entertainment
o Persuasion

Media Literacy

 The most common definition of literacy is the ability to read and write.
 Dictionary also defines literacy as the knowledge that relates to a specified subject.
 Media literacy is the possession of knowledge to be competent in assessing messages carried by mass
media.
 Aufderheide (1992) has identified media literacy as a movement, which is design to help to understand, to
produce, and negotiate meanings in a culture of images, words and sounds.

Qualities of Media

o Media are constructed and construct reality

o Media have commercial implications
o Media have ideological and political implications
o Form and content are related in each medium, of which has a unique aesthetic, codes and
conventions
o Receivers negotiate meaning in media
 The European Commission (2007) gave the following definition:
 - Media literacy is generally defined as the ability to access the media, to understand and to critically
evaluate different aspects of the media and media contents and to create communications in a
variety of contexts.

Various Levels of Media Literacy

o Feeling comfortable with the existence of media and active use of media for entertainment, access
to culture, intercultural dialogue learning and daily life applications
o Having a critical approach to media with regards to quality and accuracy of content.
o Using media creatively
o Understanding the economy of media
o Being aware of copyright issues

Vivian has enumerated the following factors to consider in media literacy:

o Factual foundation
- To understand media better, it is best for a person to learn the basics of the media at hand. The
foundation of media literacy is essentially factual foundation.
o Media Dynamics
- One of these levels is the understanding of the dynamics of media that shape media content.
- One such dynamic is economics which is the known primary driver of the behavior of media
companies.
o Media Effects
- We can distinguish what concerns and issues must be significant to us and what would bring the
opposite effect.
o Media Issues
- There are various opinions forming around significant topics all around us.

Information Literacy

Technology Literacy

- Printing technology, chemical technology and electronic technology

 INFORMATION LITERACY AND TYPES OF MEDIA

- Lau’s research conceptual relationship of information literacy and media literacy illustrates the 6
quality of information principles from the requirement of data by the 3 rivers district council
Information Literacy
o Relevance
o Validity- is its relevance and appropriateness
o Reliability- measured by its consistency. Must be verified and supported
o Timeliness- timely
o Accuracy- information that conveys the true situation
o Completeness- provides decision maker with all necessary data.
- Basic Information Sources
o Books
o Scholarly articles
 o Internet
- Ethical Use of Information
o Quoting
o Citing
o Plagiarism
- Types of Media
o Print media
o Broadcast Media
o New Media
- World Wide Web- has been central to the development of the information age and is the primary
tools billions of people use to interact on the internet
- Tim Berners-Lee- invented the www in 1989. The co-founder and CTO of inrupt.com, a tech start-
up which uses, promotes and helps develop the open-source solid platforms
- Robert Cailliau- Is a Belgian Informatics

 ETHICAL AND SOCIAL ISSUES

- Intellectual Property (IP) refers to creations of the mind, such:
o Inventions
o Literacy and artistic works
o Design
o Symbols, names, and images used in commerce
- Copyright is a form of IP which protects the rights of authors and creators of artistic works
- Copyright provides two types of rights
o Economic rights- to derive financial reward from his works by others
o Moral rights- to claim authorship of the work and restrain the use of his name with respect
to any work net of his own creation
- Plagiarism involves the use of another person’s work without full and clear referencing and
acknowledgement.
- Netiquette or Network Etiquette- a set of rules and guidelines on how to properly behave online.
Refers to the use of good manners in online communication.
o Remember the human
o Adhere to the same standards of behavior online that you follow in real life
o Know where you are in cyberspace
o Respect other people’s time and bandwidth
o Make yourself look good online
o Share expert knowledge
o Help keep flame wars under control
o Respect other people’s privacy
o Do not abuse your power
o Be forgiving of other people’s mistake
- Digital native is a person born or brought up during the age of digital technology and therefore
familiar with computers and the internet from an early age.
 - Digital Divide- the economic, educational and social inequalities between those who have computer
and online access and those who do not. This term could also be used to describe the gap between
those who have the skills and knowledge in using various technologies and those who do not.

PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

 SELF AWARENESS
- Self – the entire person
- Awareness – having or showing realizations, perception, or knowledge
- Self-awareness- is the explicit understanding that one exists. Knowing one’s own
- Attitude- opinion
- Feelings- emotion
- Motives- purpose
- Desires-needs
- Strength- weaknesses
- Accurate self-assessment
- Key areas of self-awareness\
o Personality traits
o Personal values
o Habits
o Emotions
o Psychological needs
- Self-esteem is the feeling I have about myself concept.
HIGH SELF EFICACY LOW SELF EFFICACY
Active Inactive
Courageous Fearful
Competent Inefficient
High self esteem Low self esteem
optimism Pessimism
High social integration Isolation
High motivation Low motivation
More effort Low effort
Longer persistence of goals Shorter persistence of goals
Higher goals Lower goals
Great results Low results
- Role is the position one occupies in a social system
- Types of roles
o Personal
o Organizational
o Societal
- Process of Discovery
o Introspection
 o Observation
o Feedback
o Assessment
- Behavior Cluster
o Builder behavior
o Adventurer behavior
o Planner behavior
o Related behavior
 ADOLESCENCE AND ADULTHOOD
- Adolescence is the transitional phase of growth and development between childhood and
adulthood
- Adulthood is the state or condition of being a fully grown mature
- Metacognition- thinking about thinking about thinking, knowing about knowing
- Jahitha’s Strategy to develop metacognition
Planning
o Self determination
o Self esteem
o Analyzing strength and weakness
o Goal setting
o Time management
- Cognition- derived from the latin word “cognoscere” which means “to know” or “to recognize”. Is
the mental action or process of acquiring knowledge and understanding through experience and
senses
- Assimilation and Accommodation are both the processes of the ways of Cognitive Development
- Schema is an internal representation of the world
- Jean Piaget (1896-1980)
o One of the 20th century’s most influential researcher in the area of developmental
psychology
o Genetic Epistemologist
o His theory is based on the idea that the developing child builds cognitive structure
o Born: August 9, 1896 Switzerland
o Died: September 16, 1980 (Age 84)
- Four Stages of Development
o Sensorimotor (birth-2 yrs old)
o Preoperational (2-7)
o Concrete Operational (7-11)
o Formal Operational (adolescence to adulthood)
- Development Psychology- the study of how organisms change over time as the result of biological
and environmental influences.
- Erik Erikson
o Born: June 15, 1902
o Developmental Psychologist
o Known for his theory on psychological development
o He believed that personality emerges from an inner and outer conflicts
 o The crises arise at each of eight stages of life
- 8 Stages of Psychosocial Development
o Trust vs mistrust- children are completely dependent on others (birth- 1 yr)
o Autonomy vs Shame and doubt – Autonomy is doing things for themselves. Overprotective
or ridiculing parents may cause doubt abilities and shameful about their action. (infancy1-3)
o Initiative vs Guilt- initiative: parents reinforce via giving children freedom to play, use
imagination and ask questions. Guilt may occur if parents criticize, prevent play or
discourage a child’s question (3-5)
o Industry vs Inferiority- industry occurs when child is praised for productive activities.
Inferiority occurs if child’s efforts are regarded as messy or inadequate (6-12)
o Identity vs role confusion- identity: for adolescent problems answering “who am I?”. Role
confusion: occurs when adolescents are unsure of where they are going and who they are.
(adolescence)
o Intimacy (early adulthood)
o Generative vs stagnation- generativity: interest in guiding the next generation. Stagnation:
when one is only concerned with one’s own needs and comforts (middle adulthood)
o Integrity vs despair- integrity: self-respect, developed when people have lived richly and
responsible. Despair occurs when previous life events are viewed with regret; experiences
heartache and remorse. (late adulthood)
this phase occurs during old age and is focused on reflecting back on life. Those who are
unsuccessful during this phase will feel that their life has been wasted and will experience
regrets
- 3 Stages of Psychological development
o Id- According to Freud, the id is the source of all psychic energy, making it the primary
component of personality. The only component of personality that is present from birth. This
aspect of personality is entirely unconscious and includes instinctive and primitive behaviors.
The id is driven by the pleasure principle, which strives for immediate gratification of all desires,
wants, and needs.1 If these needs are not satisfied immediately, the result is a state of anxiety
or tension. For example, an increase in hunger or thirst should produce an immediate attempt
to eat or drink.
The id is very important early in life because it ensures that an infant's needs are met. If the
infant is hungry or uncomfortable, they will cry until the demands of the id are satisfied. Young
infants are ruled entirely by the id; there is no reasoning with them when these needs demand
satisfaction.
o Ego- According to Freud, the ego develops from the id and ensures that the impulses of the id
can be expressed in a manner acceptable in the real world. The ego functions in the conscious,
preconscious, and unconscious mind. The ego is the personality component responsible for
dealing with reality.
Everyone has an ego. The term ego is sometimes used to describe your cohesive awareness of
your personality, but personality and ego are not the same. The ego represents just one
component of your full personality.
The ego operates based on the reality principle, which strives to satisfy the id's desires in realistic
and socially appropriate ways. The reality principle weighs the costs and benefits of an action
before deciding to act upon or abandon impulses.
 o Super ego - According to Freud, the superego begins to emerge at around age five. The superego
holds the internalized moral standards and ideals that we acquire from our parents and society
(our sense of right and wrong). The superego provides guidelines for making judgments.
The superego has two parts:
 The conscience includes information about things that are viewed as bad by parents and
society. These behaviors are often forbidden and lead to bad consequences,
punishments, or feelings of guilt and remorse.
 The ego ideal includes the rules and standards for behaviors that the ego aspires to.5
The superego tries to perfect and civilize our behavior. It suppresses all id's unacceptable urges
and struggles to make the ego act upon idealistic standards rather than on realistic principles.
The superego is present in the conscious, preconscious, and unconscious.
- Complex
o Oedipus Complex
- Oedipus complex is a psychoanalytic theory penned by Sigmund Freud in 1899. It states that a
child starts to hate the parent of the opposite sex and develops sexual feelings for the parent of
same sex, unconsciously. It is mainly stated in the context of boys in the age of 3-6, where they
start hating their father and develop feelings for their mother. However, later the theory was
expanded to include both boys and girls. It was said that as a result of these feelings, boys
experience castration anxiety and girls experience penis envy.
-This theory is greatly criticized as a cover up for sexual abuse in children.
- The child resents the father, which makes him think that his father will cut his penis (castration
anxiety). To cope with the anxiety, the child slowly begins to identify with the father and the
sexual instincts for the mother start to repress. They gain their superego and male sexual
responsibilities from their father, and later go on to attract women who are not related to them.
o Electra Complex
-Electra complex is another psychological theory proposed by Carl Jung in 1913. According to the
theory, a girl starts competing with the mother for her father’s affection. It is the equivalent of the
Oedipus complex.
-The girl starts to envy her mother called penis envy. She realizes that she doesn’t have a penis
and blames her mother for the castration. She develops feelings for her father and gets fixated on
him, ignoring her mother.
-However, later the child gets attached to the mother again and identifies with the female gender
roles.
- Biography of the Fathers
o Jean Piaget- father of genetics; father of psychological development
o Wilhelm Want- father of psychology
o Sigmund Freud- father of modern psychology
o Erik Erikson- father of psychosocial theory
 KOMUNIKASYON AT PANANALIKSIK

 WALONG URI NG BARAYTI NG WIKA

- Idyolek
Ito ay ang personal na paggamit ng salita ng isang indibidwal. Bawat indibidwal ay may istilo sa
pamamahayag at pananalita.
Halimbawa:
 “Magandang Gabi Bayan” – Noli de Castro
“Hoy Gising” – Ted Failon
“Hindi ka namin tatantanan” – Mike Enriquez
“Di umano’y -” – Jessica Soho
- Dayalek
Ito ay nalilikha ng dahil sa heograpikong kinaroroonan. Ang barayti na ito ay ginagamit ng mga tao
ayon sa partikular na rehiyon o lalawigan na tnitirhan.
Halimbawa:
 Tagalog – “Mahal kita”
Hiligaynon – “Langga ta gad ka”
Bikolano – “Namumutan ta ka”
Tagalog – “Hindi ko makaintindi”
Cebuano – “Dili ko sabot”
- Sosyolek/sosyalek
Uri ng barayti na pansamantala lang at ginagamit sa isang partikular na grupo.
Halimbawa:
 Te meg, shat ta? (Pare, mag-inuman tayo)
Oh my God! It’s so mainit naman dito. (Naku, ang init naman dito!)
Wag kang snobber (Huwag kang maging suplado)
Pro Bono Serbisyo
Takdang Aralin
Asignatura at kurikulum
Astig
Tapwe
Mustah po
Chix
Boom Panes!
Churva
Chaka
Ansabe?!
Ala Areps
- Etnolek
Ginawa ito mula sa salita ng mga etnolonggwistang grupo. Nagkaroon nga iba’t ibang etnolek dahil
sa maraming mga pangkat na etniko.
Halimbawa
  Palangga – Sinisinta, Minamahal
Kalipay – saya, tuwa, kasiya
Bulanim – pagkahugis ng buo ng buwan
Tohan – tawag sa Diyos (Maranao)
Tekaw – nabigla o nagulat (Maranao)
Solutan – Sultan (Maranao)
Tepad – baba ka ng sasakyan (Maranao)
Munsala – tawag sa sayaw (Ifugao)
Mohana – Salamat (Ifugao)
Marikit – maganda (Ifugao)
Oha – isa (Ifugao)
Kadal Herayo – Sayaw ng kasal (Kalinga, Apayao)
Kadaw la Sambad – Diyos ng mga araw (T’boli)
- Ekolek
Ito ay kadalasang ginagamit sa ating tirahan. Ito ay kadalasang nagmumula sa mga bibig ng bata at
matanda.
Halimbawa:
 Palikuran – banyo o kubeta
Papa – ama/tatay
Mama – nanay/ina
Kaibigan – beshie
Tahanan – haws
Tatay – erpat
Lolo at lola – oldies o thunder
Tagpuang lugar – haybol
Pagkain – chow o lafang
Kaibigan – dabarkads
- Pidgin
Wala itong pormal na estraktura at tinawag ding “lengwahe ng wala ninuman”. Ginagamit ito sa
mga tao na nasa ibang lugar o bansa.
Halimbawa:
 Ako punta banyo – Pupunta muna ako sa banyo.
Hindi ikaw galing kanta – Hindi ka magaling kumanta.
Sali ako laro ulan – Sasali akong maglaro sa ulan.
- Creole
Ito ay ang pinaghalo-halong salita ng indibidwal, mula sa magkaibang lugar hanggang sa naging
personal na wika.
Halimbawa:
 Mi nombre – Ang pangalan ko
Yu ting yu wan, a? – Akala mo espesyal ka o ano?
I gat planti kain kain abus long bikbus – Marami akong uri ng mga hayop sa gubatan.
- Register
Ito ay espesyalisadong ginagamit sa isang partikular na pangkat o domain. May tatlong uri nito:
o Larangan – naayon ito sa larangan ng taong gumagamit nito
 o Modo – paano isinasagawa ang uri ng komunikasyon?
o Tenor- ayon sa relasyon ng mga-naguusap
Halimbawa:
 Jejemon
Binaliktad
Pinaikli sa teks

 HEOGRAPIKAL, MORPOLOHIKAL, AT PONOLOHIKAL NA VARAYTI NG WIKA

- Heograpikal
Ito ay mula sa salitang ‘’Heograpiya’’ na nangangahulugang Lugar. Samakatuwid ito ang
pagkakaiba-ibang wika o dayalekto ng bawat lugar sa ating bansa.
- Morpolohikal
Ito ang tawag sa pagkakaiba-iba sa pagbuo ng mga salita dahil sa paglalapi.
Panlapi- Tumutukoy sa morpema na kinakabit sa isang salitang ugat upang makabuo ng isang
bagong salita o anyo ng salita
Unlapi- kinakabit sa unahan ng salitang-ugat
Gitlapi- kinakabit sa gitnang bahagi ng salitang-ugat
Hulapi- kinakabit sa hulihang bahagi
Kabilaan- kinakabit sa unahan at hulihan
Laguhan- kinakabit sa unahan, gitna at hulihan
- Ponolohika
Tumutukoy sa pagbabago sa pagbigkas ng tunog ng mga salita ayon sa pangkat ng mga taong
gumagamit nito
- Gamit ng wika
o Phatic- ang mga pahayag na nagbubukas ng usapan, mga pahayag na nagpapatibay ng
ating relasyon sa ating kapwa at mga ekspresyon ng pagbati.
o Emotive - Sa mga sitwasyong sinasabi natin ang ating nararamdaman ito ang gamit natin.
o Expressive - Sa ilang usapin, personal man o panlipunan nababanggit natin ang mga
saloobin, o kabatiran. ideya at opinyon.
- Tungkulin ng Wika
Ayon kay Halliday sa sariling eksplorasyon ng dulog sa gamit na paraan ng pag-aaral ng wika at
pagpapanukula ng teorya ukol sa panlipunang tungkulin ng wika natuklasan niya sa simpleng
obserbasyon sa mga yugto ng pagtatamo ng wika ng isang bata.
o Instrumental- Layunin nitong makipagtalastasan para tumugon sa pangangailangan ng
tagapagsalita. Ginagamit ang wika para tukuyin ang mga reperensya, kagustuhan at
pagpapasya ng tagapagsalita.
A. Sa palagay ko, kailangan na nating magpahinga muna
B. Sa akin, gusto ko munang makipaghiwalay
o Regulatori- Kakayahang makaimpluwensya na magkontrol sa pag-uugali ng iba.Magagamit
ng tagapagsalita ang kapangyarihan ng wika upang makapanghikayat, mag-utos at
humiling sa kanyang kausap o sino man sa kanyang paligid.
Halimbawa : Sa Berbal na komunikasyon maaaring gamitin ang regulatori na tungkulin ng
wika upang positibong hikayatin ang isang tao kung unang babanggitin ang knayang mga
 kalakasan maaarin din namang makasakit kung iinsultuhin ng isang tao dahil sa kanyang
mga limitasyon
o Heuristiko - ginagamit ang wika sa pag-aaral at pagtuklas upang makapagtamo ng
kaaalaman ukol sa kapaligiran
Halimbawa ; Anong nangyari? Para saan? Bakit mo ginawa yun?
 MGA SITWASYONG PANGWIKA SA PILIPINAS
- Ang Wikang Filipino sa Lipunang Pilipino
 Mahalaga ang papel ng wikang Filipino, hindi lamang bilang kasangkapan sa kundi lalo’t higit
bilang instrumento at behikulo sa pagsasakatuparan ng mga tunguhin sa isang
demokratikong lipunan. Naipalalaganap din ang wikang Filipino sa popular na paggamit nito
sa midya gaya sa telebisyon, radio, pahayag at pelikula
- Sitwasyong Pangwika sa Telebisyon
 Ang telebisyon ay itinuturing na pinakamakapangyarihang media sa kasalukuyan dahil sa
dami ng mamamayan na naabot nito. Sa paglaganap ng cable o satellite connection ay lalong
dumami ang manonood saan mang sulok ng bansa.
 Ang pagdami ng mga palabas sa telebisyon partikular ang mga teleserye o telenobela at mga
pantanghaling programa o noontime show na sinusubaybayan ng halos lahat ng milyong-
milyong manonood ang dahilan kung bakit halos lahat ng mga mamamayan sa bansa ay
nakakaunawa at nakakapagsalita ng wikang Filipino.
 Walang subtitle o dubbing ang mga palabas sa mga wikang rehiyonal.
 Ang madalas na exposure sa telebisyon ang isang dahilan kung bakit sinasabing 99% ng mga
mamamayan sa Pilipinas ang nakakapagsalita ng Filipino at maraming kabataan ang namulat
sa wikang ito bilang kanilang unang wika maging sa mga lugar na di Katagalugan.
- Sitwasyong Pangwika sa Radio at Diyaryo
 Wikang Filipino rin ang nangungunang wika sa radyo sa AM man o sa FM. May mga programa
rin sa FM tulad ng Morning Rush na gumagamit ng wikang Ingles sa pagbo- broadcast subalit
nakakarami pa rin ang gumagamit ng Filipino.
 May mga estasyon ng radyo sa mga probinsya na gumagamit ng rehiyonal na wika ngunit
kapag may Sa diyaryo naman ay wikang Ingles ang ginagamit sa broadsheet at wikang
Filipino naman sa Tabloaid maliban sa iilan.
 Subalit tabloid ang mas binibili ng masa o karaniwang tao tulad ng mga drayber ng bus at
dyip, mga tindera sa palengke, mga ordinaryong manggagawa atbp. Na nakasulat sa wikang
higit nilangkinakapanayam sila ay karaniwan sa wikang Filipino sila
 Ang lebel ng Filipinong ginagamit sa mga tabloid ay kadalasan ay hindi pormal na wikang
ginagamit sa mga broadsheet.
 Nagtataglay ito ng malalaki at nagsusumigaw na headline na naglalayong maakit kaagad ang
mga mambabasa.
 Ang nilalaman ay karaniwan ding senseysyonal at lumilitaw sa mga ito ang mga barayti ng
wika kaysa sa pormal na Filipino
- Sitwasyong Pangwika sa Pelikula
 Bagama’t mas maraming banyaga kaysa local na pelikula ang naipalalabas sa ating bansa
taon-taon ang mga local na pelikulang gumagamit ng midyum na Filipino at mga barayti nito
ay mainit ding tinatangkilik ng mga manonood.
  Dalawampung nangungunang pelikulang ipinalabas noong 2014, batay sa kinita, lima sa mga
ito ang local na tinatampukan din.
 Ingles ang karaniwang pamagat ng mga pelikulang Pilipino tulad ng:
–One More Chance
–Starting Over Again
–It takes a Man and A Woman
–Bride for Rent
–You’re Still theOne
 Ang wikang ginagamit ay Filipino, Taglish, at iba pang barayti ng wika.
 Filipino ang lingua franca o pangunahing wika ng telebisyon, radyo, diyaryo at pelikula.
 Ang pangunahing layunin ay makaakit ng mas maraming manonood, tagapakinig o
mambabasa na makakaunawa at malilibang sa kanilang palabas, programa at babasahin
upang kumita ng malaki.
 Isang mabuting senyales para sa lalong pag-unlad at paglago ng ating pambansang wika.
 Ang nananaig na tono ay impormal at wari hindi gaanong istrikto sa pamantayan ng
propesyonalismo.
 Maraming uri ng mediya ang tila nangingibabaw na layunin ay mang-aliw, manlibang,
lumikha ng ugong at ingay
 Isang pag-asam at hamon para sa mga taong nasa likod ng mass media at mga taong
tumatangkilik nito na hindi lang basta lumaganap ang Filipino kundi magamit din ito ng
mahusay upang higit na maitaas ang antas ng ating wika.
- Ang Paggamit ng wikang Filipino sa iba’t-ibang Disiplina
 Malawaka na rin ang paggamit ng wikang Filipino sa mataas na larangan pangkaisipan
 Nagsisibing matibay na sandigan ang wikang pambansa at mga wika sa Pilipinas sa
panawagan ng "Pilipinasasyon sa Agham Panlipunan" noong dekada 1970
 Virgilio G. Enriquez sa sikolohiya (Sikolohiyang Pilipino)
 Zues A. Salazar sa kasaysayan (Pantayong Pananaw/Bagong Ksaysayan)
 Prospero Covar sa antropolohiya (Pilipinolohiya)
 Inaging masigasig din ang UP Sentro ng Wikang FIlipino (SWF) sa pagbubuo ng pananaliksik
sa wikang FIlipino sa iba't ibang disiplina gaya ng agham pampolitika, biyolohiya, patolohiya,
botanika, agham computer, mataas na matematika, at agham, teknolohiya, at lipunan
 Nakapaglathala na rin ang SWF ng mga glosari sa iba't ibang larangan gaya sa edukasyon,
pagpaplanong urban at rehiyonal, at paggawa ng damit. Mahalaga ang ganitong mga
proyekto sa pagbubuo ng teknikal na FIlipino na magagamit sa publikasyon, pananaliksik, at
aplikasyon.
 Apatnapu't apat na salita naman mula sa Pilipinas na halaw sa "Philippine English" ang
naidagdag sa Oxford English Dictionary (OED), ilan sa mga ito ay presidentiable, carnap,
salvage, balikbayab, despedida, kikay, barkada, haluhalo, at KKB.
- Ang wikang Filipino sa Global at Internasyonal
 Ayon kay Nelmida-Flores (2016), may pagkakaiba subalit magkapanabay ang global
education at internationalization of higher education sa konteksto ng edukasyon
 Ang una ay mas ekonomik at higit na nakatuon sa marketing ng mga programang
internasyonal, komersyalisasyon at korporatisasyon, at bentahe sa negosyo.
  Samantala, ang huli ay magbibigay-pansin sa estadong internasyonal ng mga kolehiyo at
unibersidad na may kinalaman sa pagtatamo ng kaalaman at paglilinang ng kurikulum.
 May komplikasyon man sa usapin ng globalisasyon at internasyonalisasyon ng edukasyon,
ang pag-uugnayan sa pagitan ng mga akademikong institusyon ay nagiging pagkakataon din
para sa pagpapakilala ng kani-kaniyang wika, kultura, at kasaysayan.
 Sa kaso ng wikang Filipino, dumarami na ang mga banyagang institusyong nagkakaloob ng
asignatura at programa sa ating pambansang wika.
 Mahalagang banggitin na ilan sa mga nasabing unibersidad ay hindi lamang nagtuturo ng
wikang Filipino.
- Sitwasyong Pangwika sa iba Pang Anyo ng Kulturang Popular
o Fliptop
 Walang nakasulat na iskrip, kadalsan ang gamit na wika ay impormal.
 Pagtatalong oral na isinasagawa nang parap.
 Nahahawig sa Balagtasan.
 Battle League, Filipino Conference Battle,
 Lumalaganap sa YouTube.
o Pick-up Lines
 May nagsasabing ito ay makabagong bugtong kung saan may tanong na sinasagot ng
isang bagay na madalas maiuugnay sa pag-ibig at iba pang aspekto ng buhay.
 Sinasabing nagmula ito sa mga binatang nanliligaw na nagnanais magpapansin,
magpakilig, magpangiti, magpa-ibig sa dalagang nililigawan.
 Ang mga salitang ginagamit ay maituturing na nakatutuwa, nakakakilig, cute, cheesy,
at corny.
 “BOOM!”ang sinasabi kapag sakto o maliwanag ang pick-up line.
 Si “Boy Pick-up” o Ogie Alcasid ang nagpauso nito sa Bubble Gang
 TEA ka ba? -TEAnamaan na kasi ako sa’yo eh...
 Boy: Google ka ba?
Girl: Bakit?
Boy: Kasi nasa iyo na lahat ng hinahanap ko.
 Boy: Kapuso ka ba?
Girl: Bakit?
Boy: Pinapatanong kasi ni Mama kung kelan ka puwedeng maging KAPAMILYA
o Hugot Lines
 Tinatawag ding love lines o love quotes.
 Nagpapatunay na ang wika ay MALIKHAIN.
 Nakakatuwa,cute,at cheesy rin ito pero minsan ay nakakainis.
 Karaniwang nagmula ito sa linya ng ilang tauhan sa pelikula o telebisyong nagmarka
sa puso’t isipan ng mga manonood subalit madalas nakagagawa rin ng sarili nilang
“HUGOT LINES” ang mga tao depende sa damdamin o karanasang pinagdaraanan
nila sa kasalukuyan.
 Linya sa telebisyon o pelikula
 Sariling damdamin