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Prevention of Groin Pull among Athletes and Non-athletes: A Case Study

A Case Study Presented to the

Faculty of the Physical Education Department

School of Education

Ateneo de Zamboanga University

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

In PATHFIT 2 FITNESS EXERCISES

By:

Ruben Farrish T. Cunanan Safeeya A. Hamsirani

Gabriel Martin C. Elago Annariza T. Majinji

Janila Mae V. Grimaldo Ashley Nicole C. Quijano

Ateneo de Zamboanga University

December 2022
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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Title Page…………………………………………………………………………………………. 1

Table of Contents………………………………………………………………………………….2

Abstract…………………………………………………………………………………………… 3

Chapter I: Introduction..…………………………………………………………………………...4

Chapter II: Review of Related Literature……..…………………………………………………...6

Chapter III: Significance of the Study…………….…………………………………………….. 17

Chapter IV: Results and Discussions….………………………………………………………… 19

Section 1: The Injury..………………………………………………………………………..19

Section 2: Therapy, Treatment, and Rehabilitation………………..…………………………24

Section 3: The Exercise Form…….………………………………………………………….25

Chapter V: Conclusion………..…………………………………………………………………. 37

Summary of Findings………………………………………………………………………...37

Individual Concluding Statements…………………………………………………………...38

Summary of Statements……………………………………………………………………... 42

Chapter VI: Bibliography…………………….…………………………………………………. 43

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ABSTRACT

Overstretching the muscles in your groin and thigh can cause a groin pull or strain.

Individuals who engage in sports that include a lot of running and jumping are more likely to

suffer from groin strains. However, findings revealed that groin injuries often happen to soccer

and football athletes and make up about 10% of all injuries in professional hockey. If left

untreated, groin pulls can worsen over time and become chronic, career-threatening ailments that

require medical attention. The case study aimed to compare several therapies for groin injuries of

different severity to determine the most effective for individuals. Results showed that physical

therapists most frequently prescribed a course of treatment and an exercise regimen that can be

performed at homes, such as yoga and the RICE (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation)

method. Furthermore, physical therapy and yoga are the ideal types of exercise for treating this

injury as they not only shorten recovery time, relax the autonomic nervous system, and

psychological healing but improve muscular strength and leg motion while minimizing groin

pain. The case study also demonstrated the importance of an early diagnosis and appropriate care

for athletes with MRIs, radiography, and isotope bone scans as key factors to rule out alternative

groin pain causes.

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CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

Overstretching the muscles in your groin and thigh can cause a groin pull or strain. These

muscles can get overstretched or torn when contracted too firmly or abruptly. Groin pulls are

more likely to happen to people who participate in sports that require a lot of running and

jumping. Groin pulls often happen to people who play soccer and football, and they make up

about 10% of all injuries in professional hockey players. Mild to moderate muscular extensions

result from mild to moderate groin strains. More severe groin pulls frequently result in the

tearing of the muscle fibers. In some more severe cases, the groin muscles tear completely.

Without any treatment, groin pulls can become a serious problem in the long run, and groin

injuries can be potentially career-threatening and chronic (Morelli and Smith, 2001).

Athletes are more prone to groin strains, especially those who play and compete in sports

that involve repetitive sprinting, twisting, turning, and kicking, such as football, ice hockey, and

Australian and Gaelic football. Groin injuries are more common for male football athletes than

female football athletes, wherein men's groin injuries are reportedly 4-19% and 2-14% in

women's groin injuries. Groin muscle strains in most sports often go unreported because many

athletes play through minor groin pain, making the occurrence of the said injury unknown.

Single or cumulative injuries appear to be significant etiological factors.

Groin strains usually occur in the muscles of the upper inner thigh near the pubic bone or

the front of the hip. Groin pull can be easily treated at home; however, it can become chronic

when not diagnosed or treated. Therefore, seeking professional help is recommended. Depending
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on the severity, there are different therapies – physical therapy, massage therapy, electrotherapy,

and heat and stretching – for treating this injury. When the muscle is torn, Gilmores Groin

Repair, a surgical procedure that attaches the muscle and tendons back, is required.

The study aims to evaluate the different treatments for the various levels of groin injuries

– finding the best treatment for patients of both sexes and limiting the choices to reduce any

confusions that may arise from having too many options. Moreover, to compare the treatments

and evaluate which treatment would give the patients a faster recovery time and which routine

exercise is the best option for faster and more effective rehabilitation.
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CHAPTER II

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Groin

The groin, sometimes referred to as the inguinal region, is the junctional area between the

abdomen and the thigh on either side of the pubic bone in human anatomy. The adductor muscles

of the hip or the groin muscles are located in this area, which is also referred to as the medial

compartment of the thigh (Dorland, 2012). The adductor brevis, adductor longus, adductor

magnus, gracilis, and pectineus are the hip adductor muscles that make up the groin. The thigh is

adducted by these groin muscles (Saladin, 2010).

Groin Injuries In Athletes

Morelli and Smith (2001) stated in their study, “Groin Injuries in Athletes,” that about

2-5% of all sports injuries happen in the groin area. Groin injuries are more common in athletes

who play sports such as fencing, handball, cross-country skiing, ice hockey, hurdling, and high

jumping and may account for 5-7% of the injuries sustained by soccer players. Diagnosing this

injury in athletes can be difficult because the anatomy of the area is intricate, and many injuries

frequently coexist there. In 1980, when groin disruption was first described, three professional

soccer players with chronic and seemingly career-ending groin pain had undergone surgical

exploration and were able to resume competitive-related activities and playing soccer. Groin

disruption and sports hernia are frequently used interchangeably, and the literature lacks clear

definitions of both terms. To prevent groin injuries from becoming chronic and potentially
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career-limiting, early diagnosis and proper treatment are crucial for athletes. MRIs, radiographs,

and isotope bone scans can help rule out other causes of groin pain but do not help make the

diagnosis. The authors stated, “Nonoperative treatment is rarely successful, but because a

definitive diagnosis is often difficult to make, a trial of several weeks of conservative treatment

may be warranted. If symptoms persist, the patient should undergo surgical exploration and

repair. A 90 percent success rate is reported.” Understanding and visualizing the anatomy of the

groin area is important when conducting a physical examination and a differential diagnosis.

There are seven causes of groin strain, which are abductor strain, osteitis pubis, sports

hernia, groin disruption, iliopsoas strains or bursitis, stress fractures, and avulsion fractures. First,

abductor strain is the most common cause of groin pain in athletes, especially among soccer

players. There are 10-18 groin injuries per 100 soccer players and 62% of the groin injuries are

diagnosed to be abductor strains. Usually, physical examination of abductor strains is easily

diagnosed by “pain on palpation of the involved muscle and pain on adduction against

resistance.” However, abductor strains must be properly distinguished from osteitis pubis and

sports hernias since these two injuries can also be present in the same anatomical location.

Second, osteitis pubis frequently occurs in distance runners and soccer players and has been

reported in some sports medicine to be the most common cause of chronic groin pain. Athletes

have also been observed to develop osteomyelitis of the pubic symphysis spontaneously,

typically appearing after pelvic surgery. Third, sports hernias and groin disruption are wall

abnormalities of the posterior abdominal wall that cause groin pain. The weakening of the

posterior inguinal wall causes a sports hernia, which results in an undetected direct or indirect

hernia. According to some researchers, sports hernias may be the most common cause of groin

pain, especially in athletes. However, some researchers believe that sports hernias are a rare
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cause of chronic groin pain. Fourth, groin disruption was first discovered in three professional

athletes, which according to Morelli and Smith, “may include tears of the external oblique

aponeurosis, tears of the conjoined tendon or dehiscence of the conjoined and inguinal

ligament.” Fifth, Iliopsoas strains/bursitis is caused by friction and overuse as the tendon travels

along the iliopectineal eminence of the pubis. Sports involving a lot of hip flexor activity are

linked to the condition, such as soccer, ballet, uphill running, hurdling, and jumping. The

iliopsoas bursa interacts with the hip joint in 15% of the patients. Sixth, stress fractures, the two

most commonly seen stress fractures in the groin area are the femoral neck stress fracture and the

pubic ramus fracture. Both fractures are brought on by chronic overload and overuse, usually

observed in distance runners or new recruits to the military. Seventh, avulsion fractures occur in

three locations: avulsions from the Anterior Superior Iliac Spine (ASIS) and jumping sports,

avulsions from Anterior Inferior Iliac Spine (AIIS), and avulsions from the ischial tuberosity.

Less Sports Training Tied to Groin Injury

Sports requiring quick direction changes, acceleration, and deceleration are common in

groin injuries. Groin injuries are far more common when athletes lack sport-specific training or

weaker inner thigh muscle and abductors are the inner thigh muscles. Lead author Dr. Jackie L.

Whittaker of the Sport Injury Prevention Research Center at the University of Calgary in Canada

stated that groin injuries are more common in sports like cricket, ice hockey, rugby, Australian

rules football, and Gaelic football. Dr. Whittaker advises athletes to “strengthen their hip

adductor muscles and ease into their sport specific training in the off season so that they are

ready to go once the actual training season begins." Additionally, Whittaker added that before
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practices and games, coaches and trainers can incorporate programs like neuromuscular injury

prevention warm-up, such as the FIFA11+. According to her, these can lower injury risk and can

improve performance in various ways including balance. According to Doyley (2015), Dr.

Whittaker alongside her co-authors examined and reviewed 29 papers that study “the association

between any potential groin injury risk factor or prevention strategy and injury rates among

athletes. They included the hip flexors, adductors, and bone-tendon junctions under the umbrella

of “groin.” The risk of groin injury occurring was increased due to higher levels of sport-specific

training, decreased hip adductor strength, and a history of groin injuries. Although there is a

small number of studies that found a connection between the association of groin injuries with

taller height, heavier weight, and hip range of motion, there is evidence that proves that they are

not associated with the said injury. Dr. Whittaker stated, “The process and exercises that one uses

to increase the strength of their hip adductor muscles needs to be guided by a physical therapist

or a strength and conditioning coach” and different groin injuries require different diagnoses and

treatments. Athletes with a history of groin injuries are twice more likely to be injured again. In

another review of groin injuries, it is said that groin injuries are twice as common among male

athletes compared to female athletes. Dr. Maskus Walden of Linkoping University in Sweden

stated, “Hip/groin injury thereby qualifies among the ‘big four’ together with thigh, knee, and

ankle injuries. Hip joint pathology might lead to future arthritis, but muscle-tendon injuries

rarely cause long-term problems in spite of having a recurrent tendency during the playing

career.”
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Hip and Groin Injury is the Most Common Non-Time-Loss Injury in Female Amateur
Football

Due to the potential for chronicity and recurrence of hip and groin injuries, this became a

serious problem in football. According to Langhout, et al. (2018), “The use of only time-loss

injury definitions may underestimate the burden of hip and groin injuries. Little is known about

hip and groin injury epidemiology in female football. The first aim of this study was to examine

the within-season (2014–2015) prevalence of total injury with and without time loss in female

amateur football players. The second aim was to study the within-season and preseason

(2015–2016) prevalence of hip/groin injuries with and without time loss. The third aim was to

study the association between the duration of hip and groin injury in the 2014–2015 season and

the severity of hip/groin problems during the 2015–2016 preseason.”

To further get results, 434 female amateur football players from the Netherlands

answered an online survey during the preseason based on the previous season and the current

preseason. The severity of the said injuries was determined using HAGOS or the Hip and Groin

Outcome Score. The total injury of the previous season was 93%, wherein 37% were time-loss

injuries and 63% were non-time-loss injuries. The most common non-time-loss injury areas were

the hip/groin (17%), knee (14%), and ankle (12%), while the most common time-loss injury

areas were the ankle (22%), knee (18%), hamstring (11%), thigh (10%, and hip/groin (9%). The

injury risk, especially the non-time loss hip and groin injury risk is excessive and high in female

amateur football.
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The Epidemiology of Groin Injury in Senior Football: A Systematic Review of Prospective

Studies

Both men and women players in football frequently sustain groin injuries as they sprint,

jump, and kick their legs up. This literature, authored by Walden, Hagglund, and Ekstrand

(2015), aims to review the epidemiology of groin injury in senior football and compare the

occurrence of groin injury between the male and female sexes. By extracting the number of

injuries, percentage of groin injury from all injuries, and rate of the groin injury, researchers

found that in a club-seasonal football, the proportion of groin injuries was 4-19% in men and

2-14% in women. Between the sexes, the absolute differences in groin injury proportion and rate

were compared. The study’s aggregated data analysis shows that there is a higher relative

proportion of groin injury in men than in women. Overall, the findings showed that groin injuries

are more frequent in senior football and are more common in men than women. Information

from this literature can significantly contribute to case studies regarding the similar injury.

Exercise Interventions for the Prevention and Treatment of Groin Pain and Injury in
Athletes: A Critical and Systematic Review

A common musculoskeletal ailment among athletes taking part in a variety of sports is

groin injury. It is still unclear to what extent exercise therapies with applied loads are a viable

choice for the prevention and management of groin injuries in athletes. The objective of the

authors was to discuss and evaluate exercise therapy methodologies and outcomes for the

prevention and management of groin injury with an emphasis on the use of external load.

Charlton et al. (2017) revealed that 71% of the study utilized external load as a component of the

exercise intervention, while 29% demonstrated a low risk of bias. Thus, there is only limited
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evidence from the studies indicating exercise therapy may reduce the incidence and hazard risk

of getting groin injury in athletes. Some studies also revealed strong evidence of how beneficial

exercise therapy is as a treatment for groin injury in athletes in terms of outcomes for symptom

resolution, return to sport, and recurrence. Lastly, the quantity of low-bias studies is few, and the

descriptions of exercise programs for the treatment of groin injuries are inadequate.

Groin Injuries in Athletes: Development of Clinical Entities, Treatment, and Prevention

According to an article by Per Hölmich (2014), groin injuries in connection with physical

activity, in particular sports, are very common. In football, they are among the most common and

most time-consuming injuries. It was stated that the study aims to obtain an overview of the issue

to plan future studies in the field of medicine, develop clinical examination techniques for

reproducibility, test the effect of a dedicated training program developed for the treatment of

long-standing adductor-related groin pain in athletes, and examine the long-term effects of these

training programs. Hölmich (2014) also stated that it could be calculated with some studies that

the injury incidence rate is between 10 and 18 groin injuries per 100 soccer players per year.

Hölmich (2014) revealed that adductor-related groin pain is common in athletes with

groin injuries, and this could also result in long-standing problems. Further examinations were

done, and it was found that exercise programs aimed at the prevention of groin injuries were

effective as they had lessened the percentage of groin injuries by 31% percent. Thus, in treating

athletes with chronic adductor-related groin injuries, an intensive training program emphasizing

the strength and coordination of the pelvic muscles with a focus on the adductor muscles is

proven particularly effective. The aforementioned training method was still very effective
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between the ages of 8 and 12. Lastly, Hölmich (2014) hoped for a better understanding of groin

injuries and their connection with physical activities.

Risk Factors for Groin/Hip Injuries in Field-Based Sports: A Systematic Review

The most prominent risk factor for groin/hip injuries identified in this review and across

the literature was a player's history of a previous injury. The largest cohort study of male soccer

players found previously injured players were at seven times greater risk of sustaining new groin

injuries than their non-injured counterparts. Athletes have a six times greater risk of sustaining a

groin/hip injury if they have a history of a previous groin/hip injury than those with none.

There may also be clinical reasons for a player’s history of the previous injury, making

them more at risk of another groin/hip injury. These include remaining deficits in physical

conditioning, scar tissue formation, inadequate rehabilitation, reduced proprioception, altered

movement patterns, or premature early return to play after the initial injury and the number of

times the player has sustained this type of injury. The previous history of groin/hip injury has not

yet been identified as a risk factor in a Russian population study nor has the risk been calculated

for those with such a risk factor. The second most prominent, non-modifiable risk factor was

older age. As the players' age, their body’s collagen tissue changes in nature becoming less

elastic and less able to absorb forces. This, then, results in the tissues being less adaptable to

respond to quick force change (characteristic of the biomechanics involved in field-based sports)

or recovering from fatigue. This hypothesis was supported by a study by Johnson et al., which

stated that abduction to adduction torque significantly decreases with advancing age. The

physiological evidence for increasing age as a risk factor for injuries cannot be disputed. Of the
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seven studies examined in this systematic review, two support the argument that increasing age

was a risk factor for players in sustaining a groin/hip injury. Some studies did not examine

increasing age as a risk factor for groin/hip injury. One study did not support the argument, as

significant results were not found in their study. The authors did acknowledge that analytical

methods differed from the study by Arnason et al., which may explain the discrepancy in results.

An atypical groin/hip injury risk factor identified in this systematic review was that

early-maturing football players have a greater probability of sustaining a groin/hip injury. This

risk factor was identified in only one study which examined the chronological and skeletal age of

injury incidence and severity in soccer over a 10-season study period. This finding was also

supported by the work of Backous, et al. and Linder et al. These studies found that a higher rate

of sports injury was established in the more mature soccer players, who were also found to be

muscularly weak. Furthermore, there was a direct correlation observed between advanced sexual

maturity and injury incidence in American Football players. The hypothesis behind this risk

factor was that, although players may be chronologically the same age as their playing

counterparts, skeletally they were ‘older’ and thus, at increased risk of a groin/hip injury, as

discussed previously. The final non-modifiable injury risk factor identified was that players with

a smaller dominant femur diameter were at increased risk of injury. The author speculated that a

smaller dominant femur diameter may alter the origin and insertion point of the adductor longus,

which may alter the muscle efficiency. Furthermore, this anatomical change may alter the

muscle’s ability to generate force and cope with stress. This explanation was currently a

hypothesis and warrants further investigation for confirmation.

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Diagnosis of Acute Groin Injuries

According to a study conducted by Serner et al. in 2015, groin injuries account for 8% to

18% of all injuries in soccer, with a reported rate of 0.4 to 1.3 groin injuries per 1000 hours of

exposure. Groin injuries are common in high-intensity team sports. Despite the fact that groin

injuries are frequent, the underlying damage processes are yet unknown. Information on injury

mechanisms is crucial for preventative and rehabilitation programs and has the potential to

forecast when an acute hamstring injury will allow the player to resume play. High running

loads, direction changes, and kicking are often thought to be potential acute groin injury

mechanisms; however, this has not yet been proven.

Clinical examinations are typically used to classify groin injuries. 39% of football groin

injuries with a clinical diagnosis were acute, according to a recent prospective epidemiological

study. The most typical injuries were to the adductors, but iliopsoas and stomach injuries were

also widespread. The majority of injuries were clinically identified as muscle/tendon injuries in

the one and only prospective investigation on the identification of acute groin injuries utilizing

both clinical evaluations and imaging (Holmich et al., 2010).

Review of Sport-Induced Groin Injuries and Its Causes

From a causal perspective, the symptoms for different sorts of groin injuries can range

from non-persistent benign acute symptoms to persistent, occasionally life-threatening disorders.

Local or widespread pain might come from one or more bone or muscle components (Sedaghati

et al., 2013). In a thorough review of groin pain, Hackney (2012) discusses both common and
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uncommon causes as well as differential diagnoses. Groin pain is characterized by an abnormal

gait, followed by an unstable pubic symphysis and a hernia, as well as the coexistence of

multiple causes of pain that continue even after being treated for one or a few of the pain

sources. According to Eirale et al. (2013), the most common reason for groin injuries was

overuse injuries. Numerous factors can contribute to groin discomfort, and in 27% of cases, more

than one condition is involved. However, it has been suggested that the primary cause of pain in

skaters and football players, respectively, is training each of the three adductor muscles.
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CHAPTER III

SIGNIFICANCE OF THE STUDY

Professional athletes frequently experience hip and groin pain which can be brought on

by either an immediate injury or a long-term recurrent trauma. Hip and groin injuries cause

severe morbidity which keeps athletes from practicing and competing, and could potentially

harm their careers. A further consequence of this issue could have a large financial impact on

professional sports clubs and organizations if athletes are unable to resume their sport. This case

study will benefit the following stakeholders:

● Athletes

This study could be beneficial to athletes in terms of groin injury prevention.

Groin injuries are far-more common in strenuous physical activities and with this case

study, athletes could be provided with a range of benefits that will help raise awareness

on how to prevent and treat such types of injuries.

● Students

This study could help students in terms of broadening their knowledge on

different types of injuries. Furthermore, this study could provide students enough

knowledge to continue to innovate different types of injury prevention models in sports

academically.
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● Coaches, Sport Franchises, and Organizations

By choosing the right sporting events, using the right equipment, upholding the

rules, using safe playing conditions, and offering sufficient supervision, this case study

can benefit coaches and reduce the risk of injury of their athletes. Furthermore, this

research could advise athletic trainers and coaches about the necessity of incorporating

proactive prevention strategies into their therapy and training plans in order to reduce the

risk of groin injuries, lower the rate of re-injuries, and improve athletic performance. This

study could be beneficial to various sport franchises and organizations as the literature

could provide motivation for them to allocate funds for the compensation of injured

players from different sports. This study could provide them sufficient information that

would pave the way for injury prevention and awareness.

CHAPTER IV

DISCUSSION AND RESULTS

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Section 1: The Injury

The most frequent groin injury is an adductor strain, occasionally referred to as a groin

strain or pull. Adductor strains happen when the primary muscles on the inside of the thigh

where it meets the pelvis, called adductors, are stretched or pulled beyond their normal range of

motion (Nho, 2015a). When athletes make quick stops or turns, these muscles are particularly

vulnerable to stretching or ripping – runners, ice hockey, football, and soccer players frequently

have groin pains (Nho, 2015a, 2015b). Sports such as distance running; track and field events,

especially hurdling and high-jumping; gymnastics; basketball; ballet; rugby; triathlon; wrestling;

figure skating commonly contribute to groin pain and injury in athletes (Nho, 2015b).

Among the many causes of groin pull are the following (Nho, 2015b):

● Repetitive stress - Overuse stress fractures are possible in a number of skeletal

structures in the hip, pelvis, groin, and upper leg. These bones include, among

others, the pubic ramus bone, the femoral head, and the femoral neck. Osteitis

pubis and snapping hip syndrome are two other prevalent groin injuries that are

frequently brought on by repetitive stress over an extended period of time.

● Brief but rigorous training sessions - As a result of hard training over a short

period of time, such as preparing for an impending sporting event or dance recital,

several injuries that are normally linked to long-term overuse, like pelvic stress

fractures and osteitis pubis, may also manifest quickly.

● Not getting enough rest after suffering an acute groin injury, like an

adductor strain (groin pull) - An acute groin injury can turn chronic if an athlete
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chooses to "play through the pain" rather than taking a necessary break from the

sport(s) that caused the issue.

Pain and tenderness in the groin region and on the inside of the thigh are typical

symptoms of groin strains (Nho, 2015a). When taking large steps or engaging in plyometric

(jumping) exercises, patients may experience more pain if their legs are brought together or their

knees are raised. When the fibers of the adductor muscle are stretched or ripped, athletes may

experience a popping or snapping feeling at the scene of the injury.

Among the many symptoms of groin injury are (Nho, 2015c):

● Groin pain - Groin pain can strike unexpectedly, for example when a muscle, ligament,

tendon, or labrum is ruptured while playing sports. It might also progress over time as a

result of overusing the bones or soft tissues in the groin and hip region. The degree and

type of the damage will determine whether the pain is minor and manageable, severe and

incapacitating, or somewhere in between.

● Abdominal pain - A groin injury may be indicated by lower abdominal pain. Osteitis

pubis and inguinal hernia are two examples of groin injuries that can result in either

immediate or referred abdominal pain. Abdominal pain may become more intense when

you cough, sneeze, or strain while having a bowel movement.

● Pain that subsides while resting - Some groin injuries, including athletic pubalgia

(sometimes referred to as a sports hernia), have pain symptoms that disappear during rest

periods but reappear once the person resumes participating in sports. Any twisting

motions, such as moving the body to receive a catch or when performing a "cutting

stride" in soccer, may make the pain worse.

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● Pain or tenderness at the touch or with deep muscle compression - Only when the

skin over the injured tissues is touched or pressed can some groin injuries result in pain

and/or sensitivity. Other times, only certain workouts that put stress on the deep

pelvic-floor muscles, such as half-sit-ups (abdominal crunches), cause pain to manifest in

the athlete.

● Rigidity, coloring, or swelling - Depending on what tissue is injured, swelling may

appear in the hip, upper leg, or groin. Due to tearing of the musculoskeletal tissue and

surrounding blood vessels, the skin above the injury site may turn red, bluish,

black-and-blue, or even completely black. Patients could struggle to move their hips or

legs.

● Joint disruption - Hip joint dislocations or subluxations, which happen when the hip ball

(head of the femur) pops out of the hip socket, are rare but serious traumatic injuries.

Walking may be impossible or the hips or upper legs may be clearly out of alignment or

shorter. The athlete needs to be taken to the closest emergency room right away for

prompt medical assistance for this injury.

● Fever, nausea, or vomiting - Some groin injuries result in secondary symptoms

including strangulated intestines or other digestive disturbances, osteomyelitis, or other

squeezed tissue that can cause either localized or systemic infections. Anyone

experiencing groin pain coupled with a fever, nausea, or vomiting should visit a doctor

right once because some of these secondary infections can be fatal.

● Pain in the genitals - Particularly in males, some musculoskeletal groin injuries have the

potential to negatively impact one or more reproductive system parts. Inguinal hernia is

particularly connected with scrotal pain.

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To prevent groin injury from occurring, the following must be done (Quinn, 2020):

● Stop exercising once you experience a groin pain - Back off and give your muscles a

little time to recover if the tension is creating persistent pains or stiffness in your groin.

The RICE approach should be used to stabilize the injury if, on the other hand, there is

acute pain. One of the most often advised first aid techniques is the RICE method, which

consists of four steps: rest, ice, compression, and elevation of the injured area.

● Apply ice on the injury - Sit or lie down after you have stopped exercising. By applying

ice to the wound, you can lessen swelling and limit the blood flow that could otherwise

exacerbate the bruising and inflammation. Grab an ice pack or a plastic bag with ice and

wrap the ice pack with cloth or paper towels before applying to the injury to avoid

frostbite. For no more than 15 to 20 minutes, leave the ice on the wound. For the first day,

it's a good idea to freeze the area for 15 minutes every hour. Reapply thereafter as

necessary to reduce discomfort and swelling. If after three days, the swelling still has not

subsided, it is best to visit a doctor immediately.

● Use a compression wrap to minimize swelling - Applying an elastic compression band

can aid with swelling control and pain relief. Wrap the thigh tightly after administering

ice to the wound and keep applying ice through the bandage. Avoid wrapping it too

tightly since this may lead to swelling beneath the actual injury. If there is discomfort – a

prickly feeling, numbness, or a chill to the skin – it is too tight. When you start

exercising again in about a week or two, compression wraps can also help stabilize the

injury. After three days, if you still feel the need for a compression wrap, it might be time

to see a doctor to have the injury evaluated.

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● Perform gentle stretching - Once the discomfort is under control and the swelling has

gone down, generally after approximately a week, gentle stretching may resume. As you

become better, start out very slowly and gradually widen your hip and thigh range of

motion. Be careful not to extend too much. Instead, concentrate on allowing gravity to

aid in opening the groin region. A sitting groin stretch, often known as the butterfly

stretch, offers a more secure base than a standing stance. Simply remain still for the first

two to four minutes without attempting anything or even moving. If you just give the

groin some time, you'll be astonished at how much it will open. Stop if there is ever any

discomfort. Do not force it. You may go to longer groin stretching exercises as you grow

stronger and start to restore flexibility.

● Return to sports slowly - It's crucial to wait before returning to athletics after a groin

injury. Your risk of re-injury or the development of persistent groin discomfort might rise

if you start too soon. Make efforts to see a certified professional who specializes in sports

injuries if you do have a chronic or recurrent groin injury. Examples include physical

therapists who treat sports injuries, chiropractors who are trained to treat a range of

musculoskeletal conditions, and certified athletic trainers who work exclusively with

athletes.

Being knowledgeable about groin pull like any other sport injuries lead to few to no

occurrences of such injury due to the awareness of its causes, prevention,and treatment. It is vital

to know about groin pull to avoid the circumstances that lead to it, keep athletes healthy and safe,

prevent athletes from functioning properly in their sport, and assist athletes in reaching their

training objectives (Orthopedics & Mott, 2017). Without appropriate knowledge about groin pull

and other sports injuries, performing vigorous sport activity can be harmful to athletes’ bodies.
 24

Athletes may prevent future injury, promote appropriate recovery, and enable a safe return to

their sport by being knowledgeable about groin pulls among other sports injuries (Sports Injury

Management - Pontchartrain Orthopedics & Sports, n.d.).

Section 2: Therapy, Treatment, and Rehabilitation

Consistent data demonstrates that athletes with chronic groin discomfort have decreased

hip adduction strength, especially when this strength is assessed during eccentric contractions

(Mosler et al., 2015 & Thorborg et al., 2014). In order to raise load capacity and restore ideal hip

adductor muscle function, the treatment is based on active exercise therapy. In accordance with

this, ineffective symptom relief is seen with rest alone or passive treatment techniques (Holmich

et al., 1999).

There isn't much high-quality research on the treatment of chronic adductor-related pain,

but one of them indicated that exercise therapy was significantly more beneficial than passive

treatment techniques like massage or laser therapy (Serner et al., 2015 & Holmich et al., 1999).

Two modules make up the therapy plan for groin injuries:

● First module - Lasts roughly 2 weeks and teaches the patient how to reawaken the

adductor muscles utilizing isometric and low-load movements.

● Second module - It involves harder exercises that work the adductor muscles as well as

the lumbopelvic region's stability. The patient and the doctor should be informed that it
 25

typically takes at least 8 to 12 weeks of dedicated exercise therapy to alleviate symptoms

and enable a return to prior sporting activity.

Manual therapies may be used as a supplement to exercise therapy. A progressive running

and direction-change procedure also seems to be helpful. Maintaining eccentric hip adductor

strength is deemed crucial when returning to sports activity. The Copenhagen Adduction exercise

or hip adduction with an elastic band may be employed to secure this (Weir et al., 2011; Ishoi et

al., 2016; Jensen et al., 2014).

Section 3: The Exercise Form

When a person gets a groin injury, it is imperative to prioritize taking steps to heal. A

person may take breaks from strenuous activities that can aggravate their condition and perform

exercises for therapy and rehabilitation. Performing various exercises could allow an injured

person to repair and strengthen their groin. In the case of a groin injury, physical therapy and

yoga could ultimately aid the healing process of the injury. According to Supplemental Health

Care (2017), in order to treat the widespread bone disorders that plagued Europe in the late

1800s, modern physical therapy started to take shape. Physical therapists in the 1900's assisted in

the rehabilitation of soldiers who had just returned from the First World War and helped polio

patients recover. Moreover, the practice of Yoga is believed to have started with the very dawn of

civilization (Yoga Ayush Ministry, n.d.). Yoga’s original context was centered on the spiritual

development practice and serves the purpose of cultivating discernment, awareness,

 26

self-regulation, and higher consciousness. Now, yoga can also be performed to acquire benefits

for the physical body such as, improving strength, balance, and flexibility.

According to the Physical Therapist’s Guide to Groin Strain (2019), to help prevent

future groin reinjury, a physical therapist recommends an exercise regimen that can be done at

home to strengthen and stretch the muscles around a person’s hip, upper leg, and abdomen.

These might include leg, hip, and core muscle strengthening and flexibility exercises. Physical

therapy patients can benefit from the various advantages of yoga which include, autonomic

nervous system relaxation, increased flexibility, improved strength, and psychological healing.

Compared to the other exercise forms, physical therapy and yoga are best to heal a person

suffering from this injury. A physical therapy does not only reduce recovery time, but it can also

help in improving muscle strength and leg motion whilst reducing pain. Furthermore, yoga

instills energy and improves flexibility in the legs and the adductors. When regularly executing

this exercise form, the groin area becomes compressed, and all the blocks are released thus

remedying pain from the groin area. The proposed exercise routine below shows how the

exercise form can be beneficial to the injured person and how the exercise form is applied.

EXERCISES COUNT MOVEMENT SIGNIFICANCE FOCUS

EXECUTION
 27

Hip Adductor 30 seconds, 3 sets Lay flat on your The flexibility Hip, abdomen,
Stretch back. Put your and range of and pelvic
feet flat on the motion of the
ground while adductor muscles
bending your depend on groin
knees. Stretch the and adductor
muscles in your stretches. The
inner thighs by inner thigh and
gently separating upper leg can
your knees. move freely and
pain-free with
good groin and
adductor
flexibility.

Hamstring Stretch 30 seconds, 3 sets Lie on your back It relieves sore Hamstrings,
on Wall next to a doorway feet and legs, glutes, spine,
with your gently stretches hips, and lower
buttocks close by. your neck and back.
Through the hamstrings, and
doorway, extend may even help
your uninjured with minor
leg straight out in backaches. This
front of you on stretch can also
the floor. As you relieve muscle
lean against the tension in your
wall next to the hips and groin.
door frame, raise
your injured leg.
Strive to keep
your leg as
straight as you
can. A stretch
ought to be felt in
the back of your
thigh.
 28

Straight Leg 2 sets, 15 Legs should be It works the hips, Upper thigh,
Raise repetitions extended straight low back, and quadriceps, and
in front of you as core, making it a hip flexors.
you lay on your great move to
back. Your master for
uninjured side's increased
knee should be all-around
bent as you plant strength. This
your foot flat on stretch can also
the ground. Lift strengthen
your leg muscles in the
approximately 8 focused body
inches off the parts.
ground while
contracting the
thigh muscle on
the injured side.
Maintain a
straight leg and
tight thigh
muscles. Return
your leg to the
ground slowly.

Resisted Hip 2 sets, 15 Stand with your It improves the Sartorius, rectus
Flexion repetitions back to a door. signs of weak hip femoris, and
Put some elastic flexors, maintains iliacus and psoas
tubing around the good posture and major.
ankle on your core stability,
injured side by counteracts the
tying a loop in effects of sitting,
one end. To close lowers the risk of
the knot in the pain and injury,
door near the and boosts
floor, tie a knot in athletic
the tubing's other performance.
end. Bring the leg
with the tubing
forward while
maintaining a
straight leg by
contracting the
front of your
thigh muscle. Go
 29

back to the
starting position.

AFTER THREE WEEKS

EXERCISES COUNT MOVEMENT SIGNIFICANCE FOCUS

EXECUTION

Side-lying Leg It increases your Abdominals,

Lift (Cross Over) 2 sets, 15 Your foot should core strength. The hips, thighs, and
repetitions be in front of your side leg raise is a backside.
lower leg as you great exercise for
lay on your enhancing
injured side with functional strength
your top leg bent. and stability
Keep the leg on throughout your
the bottom core muscle by
straight. As high engaging your
as you can, raise abdominals, hip
your injured leg; flexors, and lower
then, hold it there back muscles.
for five seconds.
As you lift your
leg, keep your
hips still. After
five seconds, hold
this posture while
slowly lowering
your leg.

Resisted Hip With elastic This exercise is Gluteus

Extension 2 sets, 15 tubing tied around used for functional maximus,
repetitions the ankle of your movements hamstrings, and
injured side, stand involving the the posterior
facing a door. body's upward and head of the
Close the knot in forward adductor
the door near the propulsion, such as magnus.
floor and knot the jumping, running,
other end of the climbing stairs,
tubing. Your and standing up
abdominal from a seated
muscles should be position. It can
tightened as you ultimately improve
 30

pull your stomach your athletic

in toward your performance in
spine. Keeping sports that require
your leg straight, a lot of power once
pull the leg that the injury is
has the tubing healed.
straight back. Be
careful not to lean
forward. Go back
to the starting
place.

Resisted Hip With your injured When running or Gluteus medius,

Abduction 2 sets, 15 side farther away walking, this gluteus minimus,
repetitions from the door, exercise helps to and tensor
stand sideways strengthen and fasciae latae.
close to a door. stabilize the hip
Wrap an ankle on muscles.
your injured side Additionally, it is
with an elastic known to control
band. Close the limb alignment,
knot in the stabilize the trunk
tubing's other end and hip during
at the door's ambulation, and
near-floor transfer forces
location. Keeping from the lower
your leg straight, extremities to the
pull the tubing out pelvis.
to the side. Go
back to the
beginning
position.

Resisted Hip With your injured For athletes, this Adductor longus,
Adduction 2 sets, 15 side closer to the exercise supports adductor brevis,
repetitions door, stand next powerful adductor
to it. Make a loop movements like magnus, and
out of one end of jumping and gracillis.
the tubing, then running while also
wrap it around promoting stability
your injured during daily
ankle. Tie a knot activities.
in the tubing's
other end, then
fasten it to the
 31

door's
bottom-nearby
knot. Stretch the
tubing by
bringing the leg
with the tubing
sideways across
your body, over
your other leg. Go
back to the
starting place.

SIX WEEKS AFTER INJURY AND ONWARD

EXERCISES COUNT MOVEMENT SIGNIFICANCE FOCUS

EXECUTION

Reclining 1-2 minutes Lay flat on the This position Groin, adductors,
Butterfly Pose ground. With promotes intense hamstrings, knees,
your feet together relaxation and is chest, shoulders
and the outside notable for and triceps.
edges of both of allowing free
your feet on the flow of bodily
ground, gently fluids through its
bend your knees. opening of the
Try to bring your body's various
heels as close to channels.
your groin as Additionally, it is
possible while essential for
lying down. Your groin, hip, inner
arms can remain thighs, and knee
at your sides, stretches and aids
resting on your in relieving hours
thighs, or you can of exhaustion.
raise them above
your head and
join them. Turn to
one side, slowly
straighten your
knees, and then
slowly stand up to
leave the pose
 32

after 1 to 2
minutes.

Bridge Pose 20-30 seconds Lay flat on your This position is Chest, neck,
back to begin the very helpful for spine, hips,
position. Now arthritic pain buttocks, and
flex your elbows relief as well as hamstrings.
and knees. Put for building
your hands firmly stronger leg,
on either side of inner thigh, and
your head, with back muscles. It
your feet flat on promotes blood
the ground near circulation to the
your hips. Try to groin area by
slowly raise your lifting the heart
body into the air at a higher level
while keeping than the head.
your hands and Pain is lessened
legs firmly as a result of the
planted on the muscles'
ground. increased
flexibility.

Tree Pose 1 minute, 5 Sit upright on the There are Legs, core, hips,
repetitions ground. Put your numerous inner thigh, and
hands together in advantages to groin muscles.
a prayer position this pose. Along
by bringing both with
arms in front of strengthening the
your chest. Now spinal column
raise both of your and improving
arms while balance and
maintaining the poise, it also
joined palms. Put gives the legs
your right foot's and adductors
sole on the inside more energy and
of your left thigh improves their
while bending flexibility. With
your right knee. consistent
Hold the posture practice, the
for as long as you groin region is
can while compressed and
maintaining your all the blocks are
left leg straight. released,
reducing groin
 33

pain.

Camel Pose Kneel on the floor This pose is Chest, abs, and
1 minute, 5 with your soles essential for quads.
repetitions facing up and strengthening the
your legs lower abdominal
together. Make muscles and for
sure the knees and clearing
shoulders are congestion from
straight while the body. When
keeping the hands done correctly,
on the hips. space is created
Inhale, then bend between the
your back while adductors, which
grabbing your lessens pain. It is
feet for stability. also a very
powerful asana
for groin injuries
and pain relief.

Happy Baby Pose Lay your back The groin area, Inner thighs,
1 minute, 5 flat. Bring your hip joint, and hamstrings, groin,
repetitions knees up to your muscles are all hips, and back.
chest while stretched out
raising both of significantly in
your legs. Now this pose.
grasp the foot Additionally to
with both thumb boosting blood
fingers. Stretch flow and toning
your arms and the muscles
legs slowly around the hip
upwards at this and adductors, it
point. Ensure that also improves
your chin is overall balance
touching your and stamina.
chest and that Groin pain is
your pelvic bone quickly relieved
is being stretched. by regular
Pulling back with practice.
your arms, press
your heels up and
your sacrum and
tailbone to the
floor.
 34

Evidence-Based Significance and Effects

● Hip Adductor Stretch - Groin and adductor stretches are important for the flexibility

and range of motion of the adductor muscles. Good groin and adductor flexibility allows

for unrestricted, pain free movement of the inner thigh and upper leg (FLX, 2015).

● Hamstring Stretch on Wall - Hamstring stretches can increase flexibility and improve

the range of motion in the hip. Both of these benefits will help people perform daily

tasks, such as walking upstairs and bending over, with ease (Elizabeth & Eske, 2022).

● Straight Leg Raise - Leg lifts or leg raises work the core as well as the hips and low

back, making them a great move to master for improved overall strength. While situps

and crunches work the abs, they do not recruit other stabilizing muscles like leg lifts do

(Mansour, 2021).

● Resisted Hip Flexion - Hip-flexor muscle strength is significantly increased by

hip-flexor strength training with elastic resistance bands used as external loading. This

straightforward exercise regimen can be utilized in the future to prevent and treat

hip-flexor injuries, including acute rectus femoris injuries and chronic discomfort and

impingement caused by the iliopsoas (Thorborg et al., 2015).

● Side-Lying Leg Lift (Cross Over) - Hip mobility is improved by side leg lifts. The

gluteus minimus and gluteus medius muscles, which push the leg away from the body

laterally, can be strengthened by performing side leg lifts. The side leg raise is a good

exercise for enhancing functional strength and stability as it works the abs, hip flexors,

and lower back muscles while strengthening the core (Physiotherapy Clinic, 2022).

● Resisted Hip Extension - In a study medically reviewed by Mathe (2022), it states how

exercises for hip extension are crucial for building the muscles that control hip extension.
 35

These muscles should be strengthened to make sure they are functioning properly and are

not dependent on nearby muscles, which can cause pain and injury.

● Resisted Hip Abduction - Exercises to strengthen the hip abduction aid in treating and

preventing hip and knee pain (Hip Abductors, n.d.). The hip abductor muscles support a

number of movements, such as abduction and rotation at the hip joint, as well as pelvic

stability during walking and running. During the single-limb support phase of walking,

the hip is stabilized in the frontal plane by the hip abductor muscles.

● Resisted Hip Adduction - Preiato (2022) stated in his article that when walking or

standing on one leg, the hip abductors are essential for maintaining balance. Pain and

poor mobility might result from these muscles' weakness.

● Reclining Butterfly Pose - Among the benefits of this pose according to an article

entitled “Reclining Butterfly Pose (Supta Baddhakonasana): Steps and Benefits” (2022)

are the following: by opening the thighs and bringing the knees to the floor, the adductor

muscles are lengthened and the inner thighs and groin muscles are stretched; posture and

gait are further enhanced by extending the hips, thighs, and groin; and lower back and

sciatica symptoms are lessened.

● Bridge Pose - This exercise is very helpful for arthritic pain relief as well as for building

stronger leg, inner thigh, and back muscles. It promotes blood circulation to the groin

area by raising the heart at a higher elevation than the head. Pain is lessened as a result of

the muscles' increased flexibility. Additionally, it opens up blocked channels and

significantly lowers blood pressure (Basu, 2021).

● Tree Pose - One’s posture can be improved and the adverse effects of prolonged sitting

can be offset by this yoga pose. This pose strengthens your thigh, buttock, and ankle on a
 36

standing leg (Yoga Journal, 2022). It gently stretches your entire thigh and buttocks as

well while resting on a raised leg.

● Camel Pose - According to a blog authored by Edge (2019), this pose improves posture

by stretching the entire front body, including the ankles, thighs, and groin. It also

strengthens the back muscles and activates the neck muscles.

● Happy Baby Pose - It stretches the hamstrings and inner thighs as well as the back of the

legs. The SI (sacroiliac) joint is especially helped by its relaxation or decompression,

which also benefits the spine and sacrum. It is a simple posture to concentrate on

expanding the hips and increasing flexibility while strengthening the legs, thighs, and

arms (Buchanan, 2016).

 37

CHAPTER V

CONCLUSION

Summary of Findings

Groin strains are typically minor injuries, but depending on the severity of the injury, they

can take a long time to heal. Severe groin strains can take over six months to heal. With

appropriate care and treatment, symptoms will get better over time. To prevent groin injuries

from becoming chronic and potentially career-limiting, early diagnosis and proper treatment are

crucial for athletes. MRIs, radiographs, and isotope bone scans can help rule out other causes of

groin pain but are not helpful in making the diagnosis. If symptoms persist, the patient can opt to

undergo surgical exploration and repair under the guidance of a medical professional.

In the case of prevention, treatment, and intervention of groin injuries, physical therapists

suggest performing exercises that strengthen and stretch the muscles around a person's hip, upper

leg, and abdomen. These could include stretching and strengthening exercises for the legs, hips,

and core. Physical therapy does not only reduce recovery time, but it can also improve muscle

strength and leg motion while reducing pain during recovery. Additionally, athletes can

implement programs such as the FIFA 11+ injury prevention program into their warm-up before

practices and games in order to lower injury risk and improve performance in various ways,

including balance.
 38

Individual Concluding Statements

● Cunanan

Throughout writing the study, I learned that groin injuries can range from non-persistent

benign acute symptoms to persistent, occasionally life-threatening disorders. With this, I have

come to realize that the body is as intricate and fragile as electronics and that before engaging in

strenuous activities, one should prepare their body first by either warming up or stretching.

Usually in my case, I mainly involve myself in sports that require body turns such as basketball

and dancing. In these sports, the risk of getting a groin injury is high and if ever I fall into a groin

injury, I could help myself through the use of various exercises that would treat my injuries

without straining it heavily and re-injuring it again. This study has enlightened me to further

learn as well as to be aware of my body in order to avoid complications such as groin injuries. In

class, we usually move our body beyond our capabilities as the course requires us to be

physically active. With this case study, I was able to become more proactive and cautious on how

I move certain parts of my body as being physically healthy is the ultimate goal throughout the

class.

● Elago

As a student taking the class PATHFIT1, I learned that regularly stretching your groin

muscles increases the range of motion in your hips, which becomes increasingly important as we

get older. Too-tight muscles in the hip area can lead to injuries, including falls. It is critical to

keep these muscles long and loose in order for your legs to move freely in the hip sockets.It is

emphasized that groin and adductor stretches are important for the flexibility and range of
 39

motion of the adductor muscles. Good groin and adductor flexibility allows for unrestricted,

pain-free movement of the inner thigh and upper leg.

As an athlete who actively engages and participates in field-based sports where groin

injuries are considerably more common, I have become much more prepared and aware of

situations where either I or one of my teammates will experience groin injuries. After helping

write this case study, I am now prepared with the knowledge of prevention and treatment of

groin injuries.

● Grimaldo

As a person who is into sports, I discovered through this case study that groin pulls can

affect both athletes and non-athletes. However, I also discovered that athletes are far more

vulnerable to groin strains, particularly those who participate in and perform in sports like

football, ice hockey, and more which frequently require running, twisting, and kicking. Since I

am aware of how groin pull occurs, I have also learnt ways to treat groin strains or pulls, like

one, namely the reclining butterfly pose, which will help sustain the injury and preventative steps

to ensure that I know what to do incase I engage in situations that involve this injury in the

future. Although I mostly participate in indoor sports where groin pulls are not that common

compared to outdoor sports, I can still make use of the knowledge I gained through this case

study. Lastly, the knowledge I gained from this study will also be beneficial for students like me

who actively participate in dancing when required for a subject. They can make use of this study

as a source of information regarding prevention and treatment of groin injuries since it does not

only happen to athletes but to non-athletes as well.

 40

● Hamsirani

Through this case study, I have discovered that groin strain or pull may affect both

athletes and non-athletes like myself, with inactivity leading to hip flexors shortening and groin

muscles being pulled. However, I do not need to worry about getting a groin pull because I know

how to stop it from happening and from getting worse by stopping my exercise when I feel groin

pain, using the RICE method (Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation) to stabilize the injury,

stretching slowly when the injury is already under control, and gradually returning to sports

activities. When I experience discomfort that intensifies when I elevate my affected side or press

my legs together, groin region swelling or bruising, walking with a limp until my groin pull

heals, or any combination of these, I can take the aforementioned preventive actions. My

knowledge of sports injuries, especially groin pulls, helps me not just when I play sports but also

when I do other activities like dancing in my PATHFIT class. With my new knowledge, I can

dance more carefully to avoid any groin pull symptoms, which can lead to conditions like

Iliopsoas tendinopathy, which is a common cause of hip or groin pain in dancers and is

characterized by deep groin or hip pain, tightness in the front of the hip, pain when engaging in

hip flexion, and a popping or snapping sensation in the front of the hip. Overall, in order to keep

athletes healthy and safe, stop them from performing ineffectively, and help them achieve their

training goals, it is crucial to be aware about the many sports injuries.

● Majinji

This case study has provided extensive information that is not only beneficial to us, but

also to other dancers and athletes who can potentially sustain a groin injury. Choosing this injury

for our case study was an excellent choice as this is a common type of injury sustained in sports.
 41

Through this study, we are confident that the information found in this paper could cater a great

deal of people. Along with the process of bringing awareness to the readers, I learned how

injuries to the groin are particularly frequent in dancing and sports like ice hockey, swimming,

and soccer that involve forceful hip adduction. While I rarely play sports that require strenuous

movements, I frequently enjoy dancing at home and participate in required dance performances

at school. With this, I understand that while performing dance routines, I can potentially sustain

injuries like groin pull. By creating this study, I am now fully aware of the intricacies of this

injury and everything I have to learn with regard to its symptoms, required therapy, and exercise

forms. With my apprehension about this case, I can be self-reliant when coping on the injury

sustained and know when is the right time to seek professional help. To conclude, PATHFIT

allowed me to explore various lessons and dance activities that I genuinely enjoyed as I worked

with fellow students who shared the same love and passion for studies with me. From producing

informative and creative videos to performing unique dance styles, every moment was a

worthwhile experience where ingenuity and expressiveness were strongly upheld.

● Quijano

Through extensive research for this case study, I have discovered and learned that groin

pull or strain may also occur to me, a non-athlete, if I am not careful with my health and with any

physical activities that I will be doing. Even being inactive, I am still subject to having groin

strain especially without proper warm-up. And as someone who is friends with athletes,

especially with football players, I can share my understanding of the said injury to help them

become more prepared and may help reduce the risk of getting groin injuries. Additionally, I

have also learned different methods to treat groin strains or pull, such as happy baby pose and
 42

reclining butterfly pose, that will help stabilize the injury and preventive measures to make sure

that this injury will not happen to me or to anyone that I know of. Lastly, throughout writing this

case study I have learned that groin pull can be chronic and should be immediately diagnosed

and treated to avoid any further complications in the future.

Summary of Statetemts

As BS Psychology students, we are already aware of how important it is that we take care

of our health mentally, and throughout the class of PATHFIT1, we learned that maintaining our

physical health is just as important. The subject taught us a lot about how to take care of our

bodies, and we also learned about the kinds of injuries that can happen to both athletes and

non-athletes. We also studied the ways we can avoid and minimize the chances of injury whilst

exercising and playing sports, and that is by performing various stretches and exercises that aim

to strengthen specific muscle groups and ligaments. Through all of this, we came to understand

why it is important to learn about how and why groin injuries happen and how to treat them, as

the same principles can be applied to similar injuries in other parts of the body. More

importantly, even if the injury does not happen to us directly, knowing what to do in the event

that it does affect another person will make a difference.

 43

CHAPTER VI

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