Measurement review

Measurement Report
Measurements of Voltage and Current in mixed circuits
02/03/2021
Damir Mynbayev
A6XEH3

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 Measurement review

Aim of the measurement:

The aim of this measurement is measuring the components from two given circuits, such as
voltage, current and resistance.

Devices used for the measurement:

Multimeter (UT70A) – electrons measuring instrument, that can measure voltage, current and
resistance. (Shown in figure1)

Figure 1 Multimeter UT70A

Panel voltage supply (FESTO)

The power supply unit for all tests for the basic principles of electronics. (shown in Figure 2)

Figure 2 Power voltage supply

FESTO

Festo resistors

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Electrical component that shows the electrical resistance as a circuit

element. (shown in Figure3.)

Figure 3 Festo resistors

Circuit diagrams:
We use two different type of circuit, during the taking measurements by multimeter. Multimeter
at two cases can be used as voltmeter and ammeter as well.

First circuit: As we can see the voltage of generator U = 10V. The second resistor (R2) and third
resistor (R3) are connected parallel, and first resistor (R1) is connected in series with them.
Nominal values of resistors are given: R1=1000 Ω, R2=1000 Ω and R3=680 Ω.

Figure 4 First circuit

By looking at the circuit, we need to start the calculations from finding the total resistance

1/(R23) = 1/R2+1/R3 (because resistors 2 and 3 are parallel)

R23=404.76 Ω

R= R23 + R1 (because resistor 1 is connected in series with other components)

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R=1404.76 Ω

After that, we can calculate the total current of the circuit

I=U/R = 7.19 mA

I=I1=I2+I3 (because the resistor 1 is connected to parallel to other components, and resistors 2
and 3 are connected parallel to each other)

I1=7.19 mA

Next step is calculation of voltage values on each resistors

U=U1+U23

U23=U2=U3

U1=R1 * I1 = 7.19V

U23=U-U1=2.88V

U2=U3=2.88V

I2=U2/R2= 2.88mA

I3=U3/R3=4.24mA

Second circuit: As we can see the voltage of generator U = 10V. The second resistor (R2) and first
resistor (R1) are connected in series, and third resistor (R3) is connected parallel with them.

Figure 5 Second ciruit

By looking at the circuit, we need to start the calculations from finding the total resistance

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R12=R1+R2=2000 Ω

1/(R) = 1/R12+1/R3

R=507.46 Ω

I=U/R=19.7mA

U=U3=U1+U2

U3=10V

I3=U3/R3=14.7 mA

I=I12+I3

I12=I1=I2

I12=I-I3=5mA

I1=I2=5mA

Next step is calculation of voltage values on each resistors

U1=I1 *R1= 5V

U2=I2 *R2= 5V

Measurement results:
At the beginning, we need to check the working status of the devices, and if there is some errors
in working of devices, we need to change/replace it. After that we need to connect the multimeter
and resistors to the special pores, and start taking measurements. After taking measurements, we
put them in the given table and start calculating the nominal data. By getting nominal and measured
data, we can calculate errors of each element. Results can be seen in the Table1.

Circuit1 I[mA] U[V] R [Ω]

Nominal Measured Nominal Measured Nominal Measured

Generator 7.19 7.25 10 10 1404.76

1 7.19 7.25 7.19 7.09 1000 975

2 2.88 2.96 2.88 2.93 1000 989

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3 4.24 4.29 2.88 2.93 680 681

Circuit2 I[mA] U[V] R [Ω]

Nominal Measured Nominal Measured Nominal Measured

Generator 19.7 19.67 10 10 507.46

1 5 5.08 5 4.97 1000 975

2 5 5.08 5 5.04 1000 989

3 14.7 14.69 10 10.01 680 681

Table 1Results

Error and power calculation:

Absolute error = measured value – nominal value

Relative error = Absolute error/Nominal value*100%

Power: P=U*I

Circuit1 I[mA]

Nominal Measured Absolute error Relative

error[%]

Generator 7.19 7.25 0.06 0.83

1 7.19 7.25 0.06 0.83

2 2.88 2.96 0.08 2.78

3 4.24 4.29 0.05 1.18

Circuit1 U[V]

Nominal Measured Absolute error Relative

error[%]

Generator 10 10 0 0

1 7.19 7.09 -0.1 -1.39

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2 2.88 2.93 -0.05 -1.74

3 2.88 2.93 -0.05 -1.74

Power supply 0.072W

Circuit2 I[mA]

Nominal Measured Absolute error Relative

error[%]

Generator 19.7 19.67 -0.03 -0.15

1 5 5.08 0.08 1.6

2 5 5.08 0.08 1.6

3 14.7 14.69 -0.01 -0.07

Circuit2 U[V]

Nominal Measured Absolute error Relative

error[%]

Generator 10 10 0 0

1 5 4.97 -0.03 -0.6

2 5 5.04 0.04 0.8

3 10 10.01 0.01 0.1

Power supply 0.197W

Circuit 1-2 R [Ω]

Nominal Measured Absolute error Relative
error[%]

1 1000 975 -25 -2.5

2 1000 989 -11 -1.1

3 680 681 1 0.147

Table 2 Error and power results

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Conclusion:
After constructing two circuits, we can find components of the current, voltage and resistors, by
using Ohm’s law. Then we calculated power and error, by given formulas. As we can see, relative
error values are small (less than 5%), so we can finally assume that laboratory work is done
correctly.