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Fourier Series (Titash)

Fourier Series

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379 views81 pages

Fourier Series (Titash)

Fourier Series

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simim45173
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CHAPTER-4 FOURIER SERIES ut tat] 14. faceafitor agora (rigonometric polynomial I): Pp m ; : 2* 2, x C08.mx + by gin mg ree ata cance Races FA GST p RTE CMTE ARCH RR ay, age bg FPR 1 [The cos nx + b, sin nx) is called 1.2, facstffSs «at (Trigonometric series) : ——__ = iigonometric series) B+ D (a, cos nx +b, sin nx) wetea SI ce Recetas erat n=1 7 : GEIC ao, ay, by FAI | [The infinite series of the form \flao,2) A, b, are constants.] ° 1.3. *4TIFS FSM (Periodic function): [NUH-01, 06, 10, BSc(Pass}-05, 08, 10, RUH-86, NUH(Phy}-95, 07, 12] Gate er f(x) & CIARA D, 4 GG Aa VS A aT aT AEE AeA T RATA AG CEH fix + T) = fx), Vx € Dy. [A function is said to be a periodic function if f(x + T) = f(x), where T is a Tiod. 7 00) Graph of perfodic function vo lthods of Applied Mathematics-1 2 : Methods of Applied Mathematics 1.4, eters oritre (Period of a function): — INUH-2014] 4 foo Wha Fem ah aR cate AOA ATA AIT T Ra SUCH CIT fx +7) = Mls), Vax € Dy, TAT Gfx) a ARTETA A Rep sere tetera eA el BARI CREAT ZEA bein = sin x 284i f(x + 2x) =.sin (x + 2n) = sin x = f(x) Ga f{x-+ 2nn) = sin (x + 2nn) = sinx = fo), Galen = 1, 2, 3, ~~ Sa fx) aa -RTwN aT? Ree MTS BRO 88, RQla Head eer a 2nn GWA n = 1, 2,3, oto = Cos x 2A = ae s Alx + 27) = cos (x + 2n) = cos: x) A f[x + 2nz) = cos (x + 2nz) = cos x = flx), AUF n = 1, 2,3, FEM. (x) 42 FHOT PARA A ACTH MTS BBA y=) Doe RR RRA AA RTT BEAL 2nn n=1,2,3,-- 9 figs ten nn . 5 3 fix +) = tan (n+) = tan x = fix) ; FR f(x + nz) = tan (x + nq) = tanx= fx), GMA n= 1, 2,3, SOAS f(x) A AO AAT TAL TAT PT RS ee ATS LSTA ornretet BA nn. : ht) = sin pen Re eH ree en Ee TA POE crete parr An = 1, 2.3, S Graph of cos x “40 = cos pe on Re ren 2 Fourier Seriés-1 _ 3 ~wif to = sin} + sin Sem Bara Ewa aT VA 30. ii) f(x) = sin mx RE as UOT MITA 2. 38) be) = sin pmo Re a TER ee 2 RT p A Sra ACT! 1 pe SFR N08 flo) = sini Brox + sin’ Sx Bee Bale HAO MARTA VE 2. AOA) fh) = x sin x Ber Fa TS FACT A, : ~e4) £09) = sin x + sin mx WAR orRGS OT | “ Theorem-1. af £09) SAR glx) FECA AAA p BW, OTA CTaTS | afb) = bets) a MAG p Wea GaN a ALD AF | [ICP is period of * the function f(x) and g(x). Then show that P is also period of aflx) + bg(x) where a and b are constants.] -* - Proof : CURE ffx) 38 g(x) A Ae p, ORE fl + p) = flxd = (1) FRR glx + p) = glx) +--+ (2). ff h(x)=aflx) + bg(x) => h(x + p) = a fix + p) + bglx + P) = = aftx) + bg) = hOd, [(1) «Re (2) Bs] Weal h(x) ab oeftaqe wey aie afl) + ete) af p og WS | ATS ATT FA A G, aflx) — bglx) AB p MAS FA Theorem-2. whi fla) = 32+ 2 (@, cos nx + b, sin nx) m wa n=1 are @, fo9 ¢ et RH 2. Ut foo) = $2 + = (ap Cos nx + by Sin nx) then show that 2nis period offi) Proof : 42a f(x + 27) = Be 2 {ay cos n(x + 27) +b, sin nx + 2m) = 24 >: ‘fan cos nx + By sin nx) = flx) n=1 SRA cos (nx + 2nn) = cos nx “RX sin (nx + 2nn) = sin nx. FSA Mx) 4 ANIA Ir. Methods of Applied: Mathematics 7 1B. AA tat (Fourier series) : [NUH-93, 94, 02; 05, 07, 09, 10, 12, DUH-11, 12, NU(Pass}-06, 09, 10, 14, RUH-86, 02, NUH(Phy)}-03, 05, 07] (a) Cr, 1) WaRes an ortrstr AE gafaata stat (Fourier series of period 27 in the interval (-7, > | af f(x) FALE (x, 1) aafice FeeaIRre =A ee 2 aa alter a Re eee Qn BI, SHS HH fx + 2n) = fo) Bi, OA facmiafifee «tat 804. ¥ (ay c08 nx + by sin nx): (1) @ FSM f(x) A BRA Sa AT n=1 es Gm eee RAE AAA (1) Ga AVA AAR AR FR eR fre wea ¢ a=r[. f(x) dx. 1 ~ [ az. f(x) cos nx dx f n=1,2,3, T Jen ahaa ba =i fF f09 sin nx ax + (2) a RePTRTs Bafta Fe ACT | [NUH-2011] NSB. (2) 49 FR ARS SAS FT Biles OATS fT ASIA SRA fet SALE | ae Rora Fas Mee TALE BA Ae BAILA | (b) CL, 1) wafice 27 oie RAB wf aa [Fourir series of Period 2L in the interval (- L, L)] : INUH-2012, 2013]. “aft fx) Meta (1, 11 Sie HAS EI ek a fea a RE SAP OL, SES fl + QL) = flx) BI, wea Hat +2 (a, cosy + Dy sin) vo (1), BIA fh) ea Aa sate Rea HH (1) a TAR Re RR ge Big ae ao=t ie fos) dx iL fx) cos dx (n= 1,2,3, 0: Jom Q) bert [. f(x) sin [> a ax wets eh 2) a Fel RCs BARA FH aE | ‘Fourier Series-1* |: 55 1.6 TRS Frey (Orthogonal functions): [DUH-1990] 5 GIR mem fx) 442 g(x) Taf (a, b) cw atfes iz mn cos mx cos x = 0 i esmedx=0} 6 cot erence IE sinmxcosnxdx=0 gq COS 1.7. ysfata wet fea [Determination of Fourier actermination of Fourier ficients] : coefficients] eK ve C CS Thegiei w 2 + 5 (a, cos nx + by sin nx) eat Cx, 2) w: : ' gafies f00) Ted GaSG Wea G, Se GARI ne Ge, at >. (aq, Cos nx + by sin nx) is uniformly convergent in n=1 oS function f(x) at the interval (- 7, x) then show that] aan f(x) cos nx dx = a T bn n=1,2,3,-- [NUH-93, 04, 11, 7 al fix) sin nx dx T dn DUH(Aff. Coll.}-2016NU(Pass)-14, NUH(Phy}-03, 05, 07] Proof : dt ffx) = 2+ D) (ap cos nx +b, sin nx) «--~ (1) n=l neh 6 “- Methods of Applied-Mathematics Ly 0 a Ba ne Bown x ee RE AR = 20 [x|f, Snag a0=% [fxd dx. so x ec. 2 ts of sarearce Beeld facet 1S f f(x) cos mx dx= 9 [" cos nx dx 5 ., + > fon cos nx cos nx dx + Dy f cos nx sin nx ax} n=1 oe =O+7a,+ 0 (rier Soretera areca a,=5 [9 cos nx dx, n= 1, 2, 3, + >a, =] [fe cos mx ax. n=1, 2,3). :() BN TRE sin mc WAN 04 tn WRT nA A rene BFAD HR fod sin nx dx = 22 (* sin nx dx [ 2 I, ea nd - Tt +> an [ sin nx cos mx dx + by f sin nx sin nx dx} nel Jn jm =0+0+zb, ; . boa f fX) sin hx dx, n = 1, 2, 3, + on : Seg lt . =bn=z | f(x) sin nx dx, n = 1, 2, 3, ++ Jn SATONS 8 tba Boisttery_a = 0 eRe = n TAA ME Seread-att FA RR , N. B, CCA DARA Mal CHICA Bees GASAMe aa Ver eda eraioa PT RAS | Fourier Series-1, . 7 Theorem-4. afi 2 + x (a, cos ** + by sin 12) at CL Ln ree ee ee ony Al feo dx 2. Gian = 7 r [9 eos 3 dx ; : =1,2,3,- ft i i fo9 sin 7 ax i INUH- (-2004, DUMScP-1988] Proof : ext fe) = os a (an cos® Totbs sin ic ae). @: (0) (1) Bey ce 1 RUE Fe en Sec eed A L L 2 fie ax= 3 [i acs040° late errata] = 2 [x]t, ag a= fea ffx) dx (ii).: (1) 4 Sea Tee cos ME wat ot afm - L REEL MS Xt FIAT BABCAT ARC e eC L f fl) cos dx=2 j L cosy dx au + 5, [ol one cos BE ocoy [con ancl =O+agb +0 ine eee = am = wil fo) cos ax, m= 1,2, 3,- wt fe ffx) cosy dx, n=1,2,3,- (iii) : () eq BOT PHC sin MP wal wt fea - Ret LSS ie TCO APC FACT TTR p L 1X i f(x) sin ax=3 f sin dx 1X nmx + = fan [ sin > cos Fo dx + Ba f. sin = * sin “8 Methods of Applied Mathematics = bab” Fifte Boia ea area) 1 fe Sbm=Z fina sin dk m= 1,2, 3, | : bof | f09 sinB™ ax, n=3,2,3, « : en? 18, CHIE WET ae ATETE Fett [Even function and odd SEIS HICH SA ATE HTT | ldpunctiony : - INUH-03, 06, 08, 10 NUH(Phy)-04, 06, 08, 12] 7) Gig We (Even fanction) : INUH-2003, 2008, 2013} GaSe (Bven function) HB TO fh) CH CATS BIO FAI Aa A A 39) = fh). 7 Cos x, |x|, x4 + 5x? + 6, sec x BoM, GIB IS | (ii) GUSTY We (Odd function): [NUH-03, 08, JUH(Phy)-04] SRI FEF LO) & CHIE BO Ae EA a fl- x) =- f(x). sin-x, tan x, x3 + x, cosec’x, cot x Saif CEG WS | (ii) eige 7a avates Fa Fe : sin x + cos x, x4 +x, x3 47, tan x'+ sec x Zon Femeh CYS TA ATRIS AA) Theorem-5. crate @ f fo) dx = af, Hx) doe 33 fl) CaN “a 0 AAA f(x) TTS Proof : f(x) Geile RBC = f(x) = ffx) «= (1) M(x) CICRTS RRA => Al-x) =~ fox) «+++ (2) fitmaxe [P09 acs fe x =~ J) 9 asf fos) dx =f fx) dx+[ f(x) dx (ete SABAIRET x et LAT — x HERI] =f) t9axs [* noax (aye) =2 fl) dx a fod ax=— fog dx [9 ax ((2) es] 2 ft flo) dx 2 foo) at 0 of fl) dx = Paeeoe i; 0 AAA fx) ACTS ° ete (€) Fourier Seriés-1 9! : 9 1:9. COTE Weters wrrte erat ‘[Fourier; series of even function] INUH-08, 13, NUH(Phy}-04, 12] Theorem-6. aH (— ix, n) WARS Qn orrTeTA FARE cet CaTG TCT fh) RAST ores Gl etaibs Bafta ett he) = 22 2 = ay COS NX-CLAIT lene "Hl Mia ti fan even function of peri 2n in the interval (- ms then’ show that the Fourier series of the function is flx) = 4 z @, Cos nx where the Fourier coefficients are] i Qn 2 a=z | Ms) dx, ag =F [0 0s nx dx $8 by = 0. ° [NUH-2003, 2008] EA Beat 2 crete oy, Coa meter MARTA ATL eeTE PRLS oF eC | {Show that an even function can have no sine terms in its Fourier .. Series.] [NUH-2013, DUH(Af. Coll.)-2018, NUH(Phy)-2004, 2012] * Set 3 Define the cosine series in the intervals (-1, 7) [DUH[Aff. Coll.)-2017] Proof : fa yfaaia tafe fo) = BaD (a, cosnx +b, sin nx) (1) n=] BH ag =F "09 ae (2) 2 n=1,2,3, -- bi=z f- fo) sin nx dx + (4) GAT ARG lx) TBA BAe {- x) = fl) W a=7 [toy ax fax + foo) dx [eleta BABA x as a — x =A] fw) can +e | fg ax oO . ® " " ale ale ale S355 ° fe) dx +5 [fo ae, 1. 29= * 0 “Methods of Applied Mathematics ~ * fx) cos nx dx. fx) cosnxdx + [8] cos i dx re feta PCa xc eA TATA — x SPIT 12] . Jd Te a‘ [ix 3) cos (nx) (dx) +5 [29 cos nx dx : ae | fe cos mx d+ [Me cos nx dx ° [0 sin nx dx + [fe sin nx dx [jaa BBoaTeT x ea TAT — x Vaca 112) =2 [itm sin (nx) (dx) +2 [19 sin nx dx ll : : Fo 2+} [ts sin mx ax +5 | f{x) sin nx dx ; . © ° et 4b, =0 CS) | 1.10. cers Feta BAT a [Fourier series of odd function] Theorem-7. a (— 1, 1) TAWew An TTA ARE aes CATES OTA fx) BOA Gale @ Mea WTA a f(x) = D> bd, sin nx AANA n=1 A,B AAR [If f(x) is an odd function of period 2n in the ‘interval (-n, 2) then show that the Fourier series of the function {00 is fh) = 2 b, sin nx where the Fourier coefficients are] i co Qi" 4 a= 0, n= 0b, =F | f(x) sin nx dx. : : ° ee INUH-2003, 2008, NUH(PHy)-2006] Fourier Series-1 +. 1 waa s aa c ACIS OT fo) Ga RATA Het feta Fa (Find the Fourier coefficients in odd function f(@x).] AAT 3 8 cme cm CxS era IRHTE MAR COCA COMMAS 1 AT ‘lt [Show that an odd function can have no cosine terms in its Fourier series.) [DUH-2013] BAA 8 (0, 2) Talker ery MBA ata AHI a | [Derive sine. series in ‘the interval (0, 7).] Proof: a wfaata tate ba= 3f. f(x) sin nx dx -+---- (4) ARE fx) AtRTS Fey SIs x) = — fo) Cet ag= 7 |" fd ax =7 [109 dx +5 [M9 ax . kre PT x aS — 2c =f [tem cant | tor ax sansa |it ees [; fix) dx=0. (atts) Gi) a= * cos nx dx i Ale ale f. Ma) cos xa | f(x) cos nx dx (ae BP Beare x a otaes — x acm iB) 1 =i fi x) cos (nx) - a5 [fin cos mx ax 1 2 [9 cos me ar [ fix) cosmx dx =0., @atfts) : Methods of Applied Mathematics — "fs sin a de af, fg) sin nx dx ee en oS sean a ot if fl- id (nx) GC dx) +5 by sin nx «+++ (2) | n=] oat Cn, 1) aes é. oe n, 7) TAA (0, 7) 6 ade BARAT Tl TA, ARIA (1) 2 pn 90-7 A f(x) dx eS Paar t ah Sec ta at Pos an= Ff 0) cos me dx n= 193... e FR) TE oe Param atk f Sore [1 sinned n=1,9, 9,9 sei (4) Fourier Series-1 . . 13 Scre BAMTE CHPTRA TAT 8 & m, w)eR BEATA (0, 7) a Bora are Softee cette rat ‘ ERAT a (1) Ce BE Taw Bolsa COMMER aT acer AA Rae eH TR Corea (3) RTS AE eH | aéae TRH tat 8 Cx, n) GA H-TA (0, 7) 4 Bocas BATA S081 (2) CH E-cey BOAR TRH ta acer eRe RAL HR BCAA (4) HENS ATL PCA | . () SRSA L; L) ea STARR (0, Lae : _ DAtra tat G9 = B24. > ay cos BE coe BAAR COPE n=1 2 pL =F f foo) dx STAT ATH, RAT 2 a : an = E [00 cos 8 dx, n= 1, 2,3, ~G) Zp ata hx) = Db, sin ce we-cae Bola ARR eta aH, n=l 2h _ | TMX GC =L, fix) sin ax, : 1.120 efoa gsftara “tat (Complex Fourier Series) : & [DUH(Af. Coll.)-2017, DUH-2012] (@) Cn, n) TAR On ori we APB wba BfaAE Mal aay Sara GPA Waa AVA s - Cr, n) BACs foo a Bltats «st Ss 4 Mathematics 14 _ Methods of Apple a (1) (5) 2 (6) RUE TAH A exe woe 5 lS) 2A ) 2 1 i em} 22+ > i (ay— iby) em +g @n + ibe) nel © CF 6 = 4 (ay ~ tba) =i {* isin nx) dx = 55 | 9 (cos xis =" yet dx, 21, 2,3, FB) = fe" n=1, 2,3, SRS 6 = 55 | fix) dx, n= 1, 2, 3, «+ Jo QO) eRe = Page [* Med dx (10) 48 (8), (9) GR (10) RATS AS Lp , ; on*3 [ fx) e-* dx (11) GRIN = 0, #1, #2, 43, FEA (n,n) TAS Mat (7) Ba Uda Bafa Tal wee en wha $48 (11) BBA BAA 1.13. afer acER (Parseval’s identity) :. pW? Theorem-8. *tafisIera wcER afm @ eter co parseval's identity] {State*and ‘prove INUH-02, 03,.07, 10, 12, 16, 17, 19, DUH-2003, 2012, RUH-1986] Fourier Series-1 . 15 Statement : «ff f(x) Mem | L, L) wales aewfiw cae Ba ARE, TARTS OL METAR es aA fx) eed BiEATA MTA FPRTOTTA fog IRIE ‘alste 3H [Let the function f{x) is defined in (- L, L) and us period is 2L. Now if the Fourier sereis of f(x) is uniformly convergent, - then] 1p = Saf) tear ax= B+ Dy laa? + baa GEIR ao, aq, Dy BA HRI FV ake f(x) aa BRAM ame waleew FOAM [Where ao, a, and b, are Fourier Co-efficient and thé integral of f(x) exists in the given range.] Proof : “Irate wfka«IMB (According to condition the power series is) : to) = B+ 5. (25 cos + by sin) 1p GRAN a9 =F, ffs) dx ~~ (2) lyfe Ps an=Z, [ fe) cos 3 ax @) lft x bp fe fog sin 7 dx (4) OF (1) <8 COR THE fx) A OF RTI — L Aw L one x ea AIOE Bows sha 1s L afro. L nm fj tor dx = % i fix) dx + es {an f fx) cosy ax +b, fino sin ‘| L+L 2D, (an? +b? — [(2), (3) (4) eS] 1 ; n= ey 1p a? > L |, HOOP dx = "5-4 D, (an? +b,2) . ma fC s a a N. B. Sy WARS aR OITS BSH 8 f(x) EAP ah Betas Bato Te “TeagR Fra aca wid safer Uren fey alice Frat ¢ 1p a8, > w xf, War ax= 2+ 2; eo? +b Methods of Applied Mathematics b gi . wi) 525 fPwvar ax= 204 2 (a2 + By?) is 2 ¥, es Linas vo (ii) ele ta ax= + 5 (a,2 +b,2) - GUT ao, an, by Ba Sega Baha et 1 Theorem-9. af fix) Mee aSwsra a ASAI —n 2 (1)4 sin nx n=] sinx sin 2x | sin 3x s ~2[anx sin de, sind | ced 3) @ x = 0/2 FS Met 2 Ber Ce ae ‘Fa | aa (3) Ae ATA BON a atau n/2 ali-o g-0+d.. | 1 2 n AfAet VA sin nn = 0 agg Fan sin BE_(UFIN= 1.5.9, SnD = La wen = 3, 7, 11 Gi) SIR x = 1/4 aw wena waa | (3) 7 arte x = F ama Lapa a 1.1 n/4=2) —~-5+—~45--L_1,1,.. le setae athe] 1 Aida 1f;3,1 73) (:-3+4--) Lida. cle 214375794 8 Ve | fh) = x2 were Cn, Fa Weed CAs Gl, [Expand interval (- x, 1). Hence show that] asi on ee "12 eg 145 b Spee # +B Fee [DUH(Aff. Coll.)-2019] “Pam edeede 5 [DUHIAff. eaijacie, DUH-1987, 2014, RUH-1980] f(x) = x? in the lied Manne Methods of APP! 2 = fle) = £0) ate CaS Het | Solution : 421 f{-x) = (a? 2 x? = HO = ' 30 TAX seeeee @ sponte, Gary Mra Ba a AA fd = 9 >, an cos 2 (* 3-2 [" =2 ("x2 cos nx dx are ffx) cos nx dx 2/. fe) 228) 8) “lo 2ewreole er vee @) [-sinnt=0] FF (1), (2) RR (8) RATS AR | | | | / | | arte 2 Seay cos nx ug cosx cos2x cos 3x =3 fe 2 32 +++ (4) phn ctegs neste seat eben oes oder 1 alptg ptt xe ena 8 Cas 0) 4 fle 9) | Cr+ OP + w+ 02 ~~ gS (6) aa (4) «a - die 2) OR ACE x = (ST — 1) ON Ret moe eee ve= 5-4 [SEE cos ‘Sos +290 _cos4n qt 2 aw-F-4[ hd fie 3 a | he Fourier Series-1 21 Example-3. Wi —n sin nx sin px=—— 2 Eu" 2p? _2sinpn (sin x _2sin 2x , 3sin sx...) a y2—p2 22 -p? *3?=p* msin px_ sin x _ 2sin 2x 3sin 3x sin pr 12-p2 22-p? | 3?- Pp” d Mathematics x) aX + 2 EMT ABA @ txpand the function f(x) = e series. Hens Methods of Applic en TAS flo aes ANG A x < min sine and cosin es exernple=7: —am(=28") - of =28 mma) acl = pn {cos nz - (-n) cos (-nn)} 2 2 2 Gy COS nt = PE E1)P = EE) ove (4) << FF (1), (2), (8) eRe (4) ew IAI AB [Now we have from (2), (3) and (4)] 2 = = (-1)"+ fs) = at > ae eos ne eo ain ox| 2 n n n=] Py _608 2x , cos 3x =-g -4 (cos x ga gon nx SiN 2X , sin 3x ) +2\sinx 2 “30 -« ace -0 (i) aa ffx) = x +x? BAW fla) hat Os fir-9) URI x = 1 BAA (5) = fla) = - GF (6) AE (7) RATS ATTA MR ge altegeege 1.1 =ltostgit (i) fx) =x 432, 8) (9) re 1,1 AR (5) BRS AZ £0) “slog GF (8) AR (9) BACH AZ 1 ~ pt qt Ze, Methods of Applied Mathematics ; a foo Sei e oa cen aa TAR eH Hae 2a AE cree a, Texprese fh) = -x2,-1 [-# HF cos nx Zo a * sin nx| 2 n=] n we w= Bo (oe S920.) 2(s _sin 2x | sin 3x ) +2(sinx--Z Bon Jee 7 fle) =~ x8 RE fin) = OL Mle 0) IR x= RE (5) fl) = Fs a(- AFF (6) IRE (7) RATS AAA TZ re li - B-a(tege pte )eow peda deel (p 2)? es ar ey ayo 2 Example-9. afi fod =x +797, -1 ay cos nx (1)" . n=l 277 2 BRI a9 = = x sin xdx == [-xcosx + sin x]§ 2 = 7 bcos 2] = 2 (2) t p x sin x cos nx dx f x(sin (n+ I)x-sin (1-1) x} dx -x cos (n+ 1x , sin (n+ 1)x , x cos (n- 1)x n+l (n+ 1)? n-1 _sin (1 x] janet (n-1)? Jo ai reos in Ie , noose} 54) x n+1 n-1 _cosnm cos nt “n+l on-1° eye ae aE 2 one (8) BRIE = 2, 8,4, le Baan = 1 era, == f x sin 2x dx n#1 wl xooedk , sin] wale 4 | a Methods of Applied Mathematics GFT (1), (2), (3) AR (4) AOS AR ffx) = B+ a 008 x+ 2, on oos mx & ate! 21 =S-S cosxt 5 cos NX 2-2 ay 1 2 = xsinx=1-} cos x-$ 00s 2x + 608 3x 15 008 4x 2 +7 0s 5X~ 35 COS 6x +... (5) n m 442-242 =9 PARA (5) Vow wal WE, = 143-75 +35 lela! 72437 Example-11. ate @ (- 2, 7) BARS f(x) = x cos x 4A WARAa aay 31 [Show that the Fourier series of f(x) = x cos x in the interval (1, 2) is] xcosx=-} sinx4+2 3 ¥ sin nx. [DUH-86, 90) Solution : ata f(- x) = ~ x cos x = ~ fx) => fl) afb carey ler 1 TEA Ree wala tat # fle) = DT by sin nx - (1) eaten, == [" X Cos x sin nx dx Lope f x(sin (n+ 1) x4 sin (n— x} ax 7 =}{- Xcos (n+ Ux , sin (n+ 1)x ™ n+l (n+ 1? _Xcos (n~ 1)x ino | nel n- (n-1)?~ lof = afws (n+ I)n | neos 8 ‘| eT ™ n+] cos nt. cos na “nel *n-Te nl —2n (-1)" “ney 31 Fourier Series-1 SRAM N= 1b, oF f 0 X sin 2x dx =) cos 2: “a[-x aif “a\2, a5 (1), (2) 8 (3) Bes 1 tay = b, sin x4 D, by sin nx ne =Xcosx=-3sinxyo Dre at a sin nx. Example-12. Wey f(x) = ex @ Cr, 7) arcs fa «TT gE FA Che @l [By expanding the function f(x) = eX in Fourier series at the interval (- x, 7) show ae f{x) = 1" x —n sin nx) 3+ = at T (cos ni [INU(Pass)-2010] Solution : 4ff gfe «ait ftx) = 34 2, (@y cos nx +b, sin nx) +--+ (1) i lpr ly .jn _ ete SAF ag = =f edx= 7 [el e*(cosnx + nsinnx) |* az ft € cos nx dx=2 To n? +1 © SSF cos nx [. sinnn=0] ee) no _1fe*(sinnx ~ncosnx) |" -boag [et sinmxdx=3 nar | =e? cos na. [-sinnn= 0] i : -(e"- e7)n =F ay 0" ae at 2 Methods of Applied Mathematics SAF (1), (2), (3) HR (4) RLS AR fx) = ap ¥ Dee or q (cos nxn sin os f Example-13, wer f(x) = 8 GF 1) ARCS, SOIT a ‘Wa Ge GI [By expanding the function f(x) = e* in Fourier Serieg at the interval (- 2, z) show that] -e*f1 Sle f f(x) = at (cos nx +n sin oa ™ 2 n?+1 INU(Pass)-29. 10] Solution : +f wratB fx) = P+ D. tay cos nx +b, sin nx) (1) . n=1 = 1 ates ag = 5 [ exdx= a3 [- eos med =3(® e-*(-cosnx + nsinnx n? +1 3 (e"-e%) an? + 1) cos fe sin nz = 0] (e"-e*) ant 1) UP 8) wtffetineat e*(-sinnx— ncosnx) T ae n? +1 _(et-e7)n ame + 1) Cosnm [vsinnn=0} | (e*-e7)n ney OUP @) 97 (1), (2), (8) SAR (4) BCS BTA HR 1 Sean ” oy {Foam mann] n=l fornfte] Fourier Series-1 33 Example-14. aft f(x) = x, 0 C08 4g 2 SDE Bet QALG ITAT ATG Gy n=1 n= 1 2 [Hence show that] 1 - mt zx "Br Solution : «fa gfaata etait s INUH-2006) fx) = B+ D(a, cos nx+ by sin nx) + (1) n=l Ae 1 pas A ag = ft ax = 5 [ x2 dx a1fx3P* 3/2) 1 pon 1 2x =3f fi) cos nx dx=3 f x2 cos. nx dx lo T Jo 1 a sna cosnx) , of =sinnx r* “fess fm n 10 1 cos rae =7 an [- sin 2n x= 0] 4 apa [-cos 2n z= 1] 1 pen 1 pan bo=zf fis) sin mx ax => [” 22 sin nx dx On “2["(- seene) _ (ox (= Sn) + 2p ns "hb id —cos 2nz =} comp Foes ame ) 1 4: ao (4) [. cos 2n n= 1] IF (1), (2), (3) AR (4) Bare oR sin 2nz = 0] An? fx) =22 = 4 13 cos nx 4 > sianx sin nx n=] 7 Ar? X , COS 2x | co: sraewtete ales a Ge.) an (2%. x Sine 2x , sin Bx ) 3 Fourier Series-1 $5 ARETE Set 8 fh) META x = x FATS AE | aA (6) eat BEMATH x= 0 SHR SAAT AS = 1 oof a ded he.) 1141 2 alngtg pt eng (ea) =. Example-16. Tet f(x) = kx @ = p/2 Se] FI (1), (2), (8) ee (4) BROS ATTA ae a fx) = Pa 2-c sin nx rs aaa a sin xX 3 ++ (5) vos (6) FA 1/2 € [ 0, 1] ARIA fx) = 1. sin 3x | sin 5x | te a f(,/2) = 1 wa (6) 4 x= 0/2 HR AR e/2} =4] 1-2 + mL 375 I (6) RR (7) RATS 1B 4f, 1.1 lg i=8h1-3+4---]51-4 HBr age 8 Example-18, ta welts gftata tal fda wa [Find the Fourier series of the following function.] OWA-n ay cos nx’ (1) | n=1 } i 1 , 2 pr/2 Be sat a = Ff mo ox-2f" aaxe J eD ax =? {[xit?? +b-xE2] 22 (n/2-n4R/2)=0-— 0B) | an=2 [to cos mex . | 2{ prv2 lf (1) cos nx dx + ff (-1) cos nx ax 2 (= pe | ( 2 =r lS in + siti al [- sinnn=0] Aven=1,5.9, =pgsinge=) 0 An=2,4,6,.. -Awanes, TU, os 497 (1), (2) 44 (3) BOW 1B fl) = § fomsx-Le0s 3+} cos 5x- FeSTA Gets aA x = n PaCS wena wate | STE NE ACS AB ffm) = — 1 TATA, (4) Row 1B fia == | 11a ™ 3 nfo @ Fourier Series-1 41 FF (5) ARE (6) RVG HBS 1 ~g{-geg-d. Je-1e1-34 +5 “3+ Example-21, f(x) {yiaee. eae 0 wernia sa eta Rea wa ose crane cy, a ead INUH-01, 03, 05, 08, 18, BSc(Pass}-08, DUH-15] Solution : SIFaI SI [We know] fx) = 24 Ze cos nx + by sin nx)--(1) ra Lye sr a9 = | lx) dx f(x) cos nx dx -n “lf (Boome | [Bj 1/(, 42x) sinmx , 2cosnmx ° Tt Tt -n n mm’ Ally. 2x) sin 2cos n T n mm’ 1[2 2cosnm 2cosnn, 2 =a {m?~ om??? 4 =a - cos nr] = age 1 - F ~-~ 8) oat, =2 [7 f(x) sin nx dx “x "(ox a 1+) anima | (1-2) sin nx dx] |) 5 T ° matics 42 Methods of os oe [tee ae an ae (2), (3) © (4) GAA (1) a afar m2 [Now putting the value of (2), (3) and (an in (1), we get] 1X fi) = $5 -¢ wy costx , cOs*x) 0 4S 6) SASS: AY Te x = 0 fee Bfafiay | [Since the function in continuous at x = 0] = 72 jcosx+ SHES WS AZ [So we get from given condition] 0 0) = 1-2-2.) SRT (5) AS an from (5), we get] fo Bllegtge | 8 1 =1-8(0d jz 1 Bette Example-22.. aff flx) Oyen 3 PE crite or Ra BRA eA (Then show that its Fourier series is] a 22.2 Cos (2n ~ 1)p © Ones 2 (1) Sin_nx sm nx Ra eeu ote a i show on Rr J Sop | Gacipes: (i) 5 cape | n n=] 20-7 -4- DUE-86, ga, DUHS-86, CUH-77 Fourier Series-1 f 43 Solution : (- 1, 0) Tatas fx) = 0 eae (0, n) wales fx) = x. eae (0, x) Takis CHIT UTA BOAR TeV Ada ae wad GAY TARTS aa AT RRA AS THRs erat = al 7 ai x2 " nT AIT ag = = |” xox |S] 3 Ra Q) 1p 1/xsinnx | cosnx]* an =F | X cos nx dx =— [Sse + s2epe] fo 7 n n? Jo 1 = a2 (Cos nm-1) [> sinnn=0] 1 San? (P= 1) (8) [scosnm = 1)"] 1 bo=z f° xsinmxdx=4 Rees SaEOOS ME m=] _ yynet 2 ng FF (1), (2), (3) 4A (4) BCS AS 1S) on | cosnx nei Sin nx Me) = at DM 1} cog a =4-2 x cos (2n— 1) x (ype? Sax — © n=l] IF cat (2n -1) (-2 WA n = 1, 3, 5, GAMA CIP 1 =) oan =2, 4,6, - REA Bets (i) x = 0 aS TOMA Falhay (O_) + f(0 0+0 oak 0) =O EO Z =O Fis £0.) = O eR AO 4) = 0 ‘BIRT (5) BCS ATR M10) = F— Mathematics 44 Methods of Applied GIF (6) LAR (7) VS é Le an (@n-1) n=l wiann/2 2 (0:n ean oR FARTS AS OME fx) = x flti/2) = 1/2 +--+ (8) BAA (5) BAUS AZ 2 1 oo fn/2) =0/44 >, EW gaz ©) Lv sinnn=0] n=l GF (8) AAR (9) BATS AB = Eye Gp? 5am a+ 2% ue rar et r Example-23. (2, 1) Satece fica afte wierd WN Ma Ae ay [Find the Fourier series of the following function in the interval 0 WA-n. sin (nn/2) n= 1¥in=1,5,9,- feg sin =| OFFN=2,,6, "Laden = 3. 711, Gi) x = 0 RRS Me Fy f(0-) + 10 walk £0) =A 4) 240 a Fourler Sertes-1 . RI (5) x = OAR (7) a AT AR w/2=3n/a +2 au ws =i met eon 2/1 101 an/2=a x st) lij1lii =ytgetget: (2 AA -2 ” aor =3° n=l Solution : 481 2L = 2-(-2)=4L= ea ites wat fy =F + D (an c0s 9 + by sin "g . 2 n f f(x) cos dx 0 2 nnx C 2cos ME + [* x cos "5 ax} 2 . 2 4 in 4] 2 sin + 2) cos 3 2 2 lo nm 2. (nt wafe+o-lee) (cos nx - 1] [-sinnn=0] =ahE (E18= 1) (3) fe cos n= (-1)") Methods of Applied Mathematics—4 plied Mathematics 50 Methods of AP. el 2) nm 2 Se 3 As cnne- Secor 2 2 ae GF (1), (2), (3), FR (4) RS AR 3325 am 2 571 nex to) =5 tx 2 tA DD pe 8 a myn > 4 3 (on- tex _2 rink “27m 3 On ye OS 2 253 psn sso x -2 3 n = 1, cae =| een RSH aeH 8 x = 0 faa RITA Ff | GATE 0.) = 2 RR (04) = spoat fq) =O 0) 240 1g 34571 at 345 1 (5) Bes AZ HO) = 5 #2 0n-1F 3/2-472 Y 1 __ =93/2-4/13 2 ne! Nie” Sy ais ~ => a ® 2, Oa-1pe-2-1= l = 2, mop tS & (Qn-1)? 8: Fourier Series-1 ea Example-27. om meta ey ‘AEA «tal fda ea 1 [Find the Fourier series for the following function] 5 2 - cr sin 2. nei 3m 1 Sm =. fh) =348 [smn $43 sins +5 sin-5- + ~} (Ans) Example-28. fitsa werita fra wa fifa a1 (Find the Fourier series of the following function.] 0 W-n" n=] _%, > I fi = 2+ D” aq cos nx + >. by sin nx es. () n=1 n=l } [2 ax " Ale Ale ale , a a ici Fourier Series-1 alM “th sin x cos nx dx “sintn + 1)x - sin(n - 1)x} dx n+l n-1 yr £1", x T-n-1tnel aot] an) cap a at y nl she He ah _A.fsaa cos(n + 1)x | cos(n - ih jo “2a 1 ‘a : if. copier} sin x cos x dx ° i” “ff snacae : =i [_cos 2x 2 ” fq sin nx dx . fo) sin nx dx + 5 [69 sin nx dx ei “Ieostn — 1)x- cos(n + 1)} dx __1 [sin(n - 1)x_ sinfn + I)xfP ~2n{n-1 n+1 |, =0 inl 7% win= 188, =; { sin?x dx : ° Ln =3s |. (1 - cos 2x) dx _1f._sinax7P fd “On|*" 2 |, 2 oe Methods of Applied Mathematics GFA, Ag, Ay FR by AM (1) WA ce 11S EW og ae +3 six fx) = n? 1_2/cos 2x , cos4x , cos6x, .) , 1 =i. 2 s. s “3 +9 sinx 1_2 S cos2nx 1 “non, ant 1 190% n= sgn dee ween pita rt x = OPH 8, 125 1 10)= 0-5-5 2, at=1*0 ~ 1 4 2 2a: Example-29, 2n Piftioge fate wemita RU Mat ay a [Find the Fourier series of the following function with Period 2h] fi ; fx) = f < [DUH-1 XWO

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