Contents

1 Electronic charts...............................................................................................................................................1
2 ENC, SENC, Presentation library, AIO...........................................................................................................1
3 How do you know that charts are updated?.....................................................................................................2
4 Ordering charts (Cells) for ECDIS (JRC)........................................................................................................3
5 Chart Correction on ECDIS.............................................................................................................................3
6 FURUNO_OME41200H_1_FEA2100_2105_V402.....................................................................................15
7 Datum.............................................................................................................................................................22
8 CHECKS........................................................................................................................................................24

1 Electronic charts
Electronic charts are divided in to raster and vector
Raster charts
Scanned paper charts, image comprised of pixels, all data is in one layer and one format.
Vector charts
Digitalized charts of rectangular cells defined by two meridians and two parallels.
On a raster based chart, a feature such as a buoy is represented by a cluster of colored pixels that make up the
shape of a buoy symbol exactly as it appears on the original paper chart. On a vector chart, however, the
buoy's position is linked to a database of information about the buoy.

Unofficial and official electronic charts

Private companies create their own charts they are unofficial. When published in the authority of
hydrographic department are called official charts.

tankers >3,000 GT
others >3,000 GT
other existing >10,000 GT
ECDIS is required to connect to Radar (video and ARPA information) and AIS as well as gyro compass, speed
log and GPS receiver.

2 ENC, SENC, Presentation library, AIO

ENC
ENC is a DB
SENC
SENC is a DB, where ENCs are transformed by ECDIS using system software. SENC allows charts to be displayed
on ECDIS. It’s in manufacturer’s internal ECDIS format. Information added by the mariner is done on SENC.
Presentation library
ENCs does not contain any symbols, line style or presentation rules. The rules for displaying of ENC on ECDIS
are contained in a separate software component of ECDIS presentation library.
https://www.register-iri.com/wp-content/uploads/A_19_Resolution_817.pdf

Admiralty Information Overlay (AIO):

It contains all Admiralty Temporary and Preliminary NMs in force worldwide including those that have been
incorporated on paper charts but have not yet been included in the ENCs. 

3 How do you know that charts are updated?

How to check chart updates and how to obtain them? (Chartco)
Chart > chart type > select DB to manage > update > review updates/ review updates in chart display
ECDIS now enable you to generate printable ENC status reports.
I deleted expired enc which is not up to date. For me it is good to view on ecdis update status without out not
updated chart. 

A graphical coverage of all the charts loaded in the hard disc can be viewed in the Chart Catalogue. The
catalogue can be viewed from the Chart Menu. The ‘View Filter’ section can be used to display charts for
which permits are available. The charts appear colour coded. The easiest method to check if charts are up-to-
date is to view the catalogue and check that the names of all required charts appear in green. The names of
charts which are not up-to-date appear in orange. (FURNO)
Main menu > Chart menu > Chart catalogue > view filter > Green/ Orange
https://www.myseatime.com/blog/detail/ecdis-sire-questions

Furuno
Chart > cell status

4 Ordering charts (Cells) for ECDIS (JRC)

charts are called ENCs or cells and the charts number as cell number. In paper chart we receive charts, in
ECDIS we receive cell permit.
Creating and exporting an order list (The most common chart management systems are ChartCo and Digitrace)

Importing Cell permits into ECDIS

Cell permits will be sent by the chart provider. In the application Window, click on the “ENC and ARCS chart
portfolio”. Plug in the USB drive containing the cell permits.
After importing the cell permit, The ENC of the desired voyage would be available in the ECDIS.
 FURUNO
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lOTMfQbVkrM
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=g2mccGh5l7c
https://www.myseatime.com/blog/detail/a-step-by-step-guide-to-ordering-and-correcting-charts-on-ecdis

5 Chart Correction on ECDIS

https://www.myseatime.com/blog/detail/a-step-by-step-guide-to-ordering-and-correcting-charts-on-ecdis
ECDIS updating methods
Update by network, update by disc, update manually

AIO
ENC Base (every 08 week)
ENC update (every week)

What are the critical alarms in the ECDIS?

The five mandatory alarms (as per IMO ECDIS Performance standards) are:
crossing safety contour/ shallow contour
deviation from route,
positioning system failure,
approach to critical point
and different geodetic datum (Different datum from the positioning system)

Alarms or Indication
Largest scale for alarm (present chart too small a scale)
Area with special conditions
Malfunction of ECDIS
Indication
The chart over scale (zoomed too close)
Larger scale ENC available
Different reference units
Route crosses safety contour
Route crosses specific area activated for alarms
System test failure
https://www.marineinsight.com/marine-navigation/what-is-electronic-chart-display-and-information-system-
ecdis/

Proper Use of ECDIS Safety Settings

How to set alarms
Main menu > Chart display
4. //2017 Sep
a) List down the points that you plan to highlight to your navigators, as the master of the vessel who’s preparing
to conduct a bridge team meeting.

b) On a vessel that uses ECDIS for navigation, discuss the checks that you should perform as the master and
functions you would advise your OOWs to make use of, on the ECDIS terminals prior to departure and during
sea voyage.

c) State the factors that the master is required to consider regarding the composition of the bridge watch.

IMO REQUIREMENTS
IMO Resolution A.817 (19)
“Electronic Chart Display and Information System (ECDIS) means a navigation information system which,
with adequate back up arrangements, can be accepted as complying with the up to date chart required by
regulation V/19 and V/27 of the 1974 Safety of Lives at Sea (SOLAS) Convention.”
An ECDIS system must at least be connected to an electronic position fixing system (EPFS), a gyro and a log.
The connection must be made in such a way and by a certified engineer to ensure that a single fault error cannot
influence the system, which means the connection must be made directly to the sensor.
As an ECDIS is a computer-based system it must be protected by a UPS (uninterruptible power supply) capable
of handling a 45 second blackout during a switch from the vessel’s main to back-up power source without
rebooting.
July 2009 July 2010 July 2011 July 2012 July 2013 July 2014 July 2015 July 2016 July 2017 July 2018
IMO SOLAS V/19
2.1 All ships irrespective of size shall have:
2.1.4 Nautical charts and nautical publications to plan and display the ship’s route for the intended voyage and
to plot and monitor positions throughout the voyage; an Electronic Chart Display and Information System
(ECDIS) may be accepted as meeting the chart carriage requirements of this subparagraph.
2.1.5 Back-up arrangements to meet the functional requirements of subparagraph 2.1.4, if this function is partly
or fully fulfilled by electronic means.

Is the system type-approved?

All ECDIS systems must be type-approved. It cannot be termed an ‘ECDIS’ if it is not type-approved. A Type
Approval
certificate for the ECDIS should be available for inspection to confirm that the vessel’s ECDIS complies with
the relevant
IMO Performance Standards and IEC test standards. The type approval must have been conducted by a notified
body
authorised by a flag state.
MSC.1/Circ.1503 states ‘where an ECDIS is being used to meet the chart carriage requirements of SOLAS, it
must:
i) be type-approved
ii) use up to date Electronic Nautical Charts (ENC)
iii) be maintained so as to be compatible with the latest applicable International Hydrographic Organization
(IHO) standards,
and
iv) have adequate, independent back-up arrangements in place.’
SOLAS regulation V/18 states ‘Systems and equipment required to meet the requirements of regulations 19 and
20 shall be
of a type approved by the Administration. Type approval is the certification process that ECDIS equipment
must undergo
before it can be considered as complying with IMO performance standards. The process is carried out by flag
Administration accredited type-approval organizations or marine classification societies in accordance with the
relevant test standards
developed by the International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC)’ Ref – NP232 – Part 1 Stage 7 Individual
Vessel Risk Assessment ADMIRALTY ECDIS Buyers Guide

What is Type Approval?

SOLAS chapter V, regulation 18 requires that ECDIS shall be of a "type approved by the Flag State
Administration. Type Approval is the certification process that ECDIS equipment must undergo before it can be
considered as complying with the IMO Performance Standards for ECDIS.

The testing process is conducted by recognised Notified Bodies or approved test houses against Standard IEC
61174 - ECDIS operational and performance requirements, methods of testing and required test results.

Where an ECDIS meets the criteria of the relevant international standards, the Notified Body involved must
issue a type-examination certificate to the ECDIS manufacturer. The type-examination certificate (also called
the type-approval certificate) must include:
• the name and address of the manufacturer
• details of the ECDIS equipment
• the conclusions of the examination
• the conditions of its validity
• the necessary data for identifying the approved ECDIS.

The type approval certificates will state the IMO performance standards (see Glossary) against which the
ECDIS was approved:
• If installed before I January 2009, the ECDIS should conform to Resolution A.817(19)
• If installed on or after I January 2009, the ECDIS should conform to MSC.232(82).

When considering which ECDIS to buy, check their type-approval certificate. It may also be helpful to send a
copy of the certificate to the Flag State to ensure it is acceptable to them.
Tests

Acceptance Test
Will I need an Acceptance Test? Your classification society and/or Flag State will often require an acceptance
test before certifying ECDIS as your primary means of navigation. These tests will ensure the system has been
correctly supplied and installed, and that it operates in accordance with company specific and regulatory
requirements. These tests may be conducted as a:
• factory test • harbour test • full performance test during a sea trial.
Their duration and complexity will have a direct effect on the overall schedule and cost of adopting ECDIS.

How are digital charts updated?

It is essential that you regularly apply updates to the chart data in ECDIS to maintain compliance with SOLAS
Carriage Requirements. Updates to ENCs are issued in three forms:
• as individual. ENC updates (equivalent to a paper chart Notice to Mariners)
• as new editions of existing ENCs
• and as new charts.

It is important to ensure that your updating service provides all three types of update.
Updates for official. ENC and RNC charts are normally supplied weekly on the same media as the original
service. The volume of data required for updating is significantly less than the initial data load, and online
updating services such as Admiralty e-Navigator are becoming increasingly popular.
An important aspect to consider when using ENCs and ECDIS is how to show Port State Control. inspectors
that you are using up-to-date data; many ECDIS now enable you to generate printable ENC status reports.

What about supporting navigational information?

A wide variety of additional digital information is also available, which can be used alongside ENCs in the
navigation process. The following layers are already available and may be integrated into the ECDIS:

Admiralty Information Overlay

Designed to be used in conjunction with the Admiralty Vector Chart Service, the Admiralty Information
Overlay contains all Admiralty Temporary & Preliminary Notices to Mariners (T&P NMs). It also provides
additional preliminary information that is specific to ENCs, such as reported navigational hazards that have
been incorporated on paper charts but have not yet been included in ENCs.

Other key layers include:

• tides • maritime security • weather • ice
There are also useful reference guides available covering ENC use and the
symbols used in ECDIS.
ECDIS buyer’s checklist
Define the date of ECDIS implementation for ships in your fleet
Establish the individual ship requirements, eg back-up power, sensors and other systems you may want to
integrate with ECDIS
Decide on the required ECDIS purchase date
Confirm ECDIS Type Approval is acceptable to Flag State
Define Flag State requirements including back-up system requirements
Define any Port State requirements
Define any Classification Society requirements
Establish the procurement process
Establish crew training requirements and if these are included in the ECDIS supply cost
Consider ECDIS functionality and its implication for safety and efficiency at sea Establish installation process
and costs Establish ongoing support and maintenance contracts
Establish chart supplier and methods of maintaining and monitoring charts

The mandatory carriage of ECDIS, as required by SOLAS regulation V/19.2.10, is subject to a staged entry into
force between 1 July 2012 and 1 July 2018. As per SOLAS regulations V/18 and V/19, for a ship to use ECDIS
to meet the chart carriage requirements of SOLAS, the ECDIS equipment must conform to the relevant IMO
performance standards. ECDIS units on board are required to comply with one of two performance standards
(either IMO resolution A.817(19), as amended; or resolution MSC.232(82)), depending on the date of their
installation. Essentially, where an ECDIS is being used to meet the chart carriage requirements of SOLAS, it
must:
i) be type-approved;
ii) use up to date electronic navigational charts (ENC);
iii) be maintained so as to be compatible with the latest applicable International Hydrographic Organization
(IHO) standards; and
iv) have adequate, independent back-up arrangements in place.

19 Can the watch keepers demonstrate operational competency in the use of ECDIS?
The Master and watch keepers should be able to demonstrate their competency with the operation of ECDIS.
This can be
established by requesting use of basic functionality of the ECDIS in the presence of the auditor. These functions
may
include: -
Safety Settings
Setting Voyage Plan
Checking Voyage Plan
Interrogating chart updates
ENC symbol identification
Manual position fixing
Ref – NP5012 The ADMIRALTY Guide to ENC Symbols Used in ECDIS
NP232 Guide to ECDIS Implementation, Policy and Procedures

ELECTRONIC NAVIGATION CHARTS

In order to be able to sail paperless, you need to use Electronic Navigation Charts. Today, there are two kinds
of official digital charts available, Electronic Navigational Charts (ENC) and Raster Navigational Charts
(RNC). Official RNCs are digital raster copies of official paper charts. Electronic Navigation Charts are official
vector charts. Only a national Hydrographic Office (HO) can produce or authorize the production of RNCs and
ENCs of its own territorial waters. Charts must be produced in accordance with the International Hydrographic
Organization’s (IHO) product specification for S-57 ENCs.

According to the IMO performance standard, ECDIS operated in the Raster Chart Display System (RCDS)
mode meets the chart carriage requirements for areas where ENCs are not available. However, for these areas
an appropriate portfolio of up-todate paper charts should be carried onboard in accordance with the Flag State
requirements. Using an ECDIS in the RCDS mode in areas where there are suitable ENCs available is not
allowed.

ENCs meet SOLAS chart carriage requirements when they are kept up-to-date and used on a type-approved
ECDIS with an adequate back-up arrangement. A vector chart is a database, where different objects are
encoded. Your chart software may sort these objects in categories and display them in layers.

There are many advantages of vector charts:

• Automatic alarm generation is possible
• Optional information can be displayed (customized settings)
• Zoom option with no deterioration of the readability
• They are easy to correct
• They require little memory capacity (quick loading)
• Information can be added (files, pictures etc.)
• Good readability in all presentation modes like Head-up, North-up, Course-up
• Presentation is adapted according to the safety parameters of your vessel

All ECDIS manufacturers have different graphic layouts and hardware. But there’s one thing they all have in
common; they all read and use S-57 ENC chart format and transfer it into their own SENC format – System
Electronic Navigation Chart format. This means when an ENC chart is loaded into the system, it becomes a
SENC chart. ENCs are supplied on CDs or DVDs. The quarterly issued Base-Set includes all available charts.
They are sent to the vessel 4 times per year.
The licence period for ENCs is 3, 6, 9 or 12 months. Additional Chart data may be added to the licence at any
point during the licence period and there is no requirement for all data to expire at a common date. This allows
the users to hold only the data which is appropriate for their operations at any given time. Some countries do not
allow data to be licensed for a shorter period than 12 months.

During the licence period, an Update CD may be supplied weekly to enable your licensed data to be maintained
for New Editions and Notices to Mariners. You will also be provided with all corrections within the licensed
cells. These updates can be sent by post or e-mail; or they can be downloaded from your chart supplier’s
webpage.

When the ENC licences expire, you will not lose the display of the charts, but you will no longer be able to load
and apply updates. Unless the licence is renewed, the charts will not be updated for Notices to Mariners and will
not meet SOLAS chart carriage requirements. Licence renewal can be arranged by your chart supplier.

ISM SYSTEM
Implementation of ECDIS is not just a matter of getting equipment installed, charts and updates in place and
providing some basic training for a crew and then – “off they go”. Implementation of ECDIS and, in the end
transition from paper charts to navigation by Electronic Chart, is a fundamental change in routines and
procedures, mainly for the vessel but also for the shipping company operations. All work that has been done in
paper chart to fulfill requirements for Voyage Planning and Monitoring, as well as preparation of reports,
should now be done in ECDIS – and it’s a different way of doing it.

Therefore, changes in the ISM code are required where at least the following routines, procedures and checklists
must be up to date;
• Voyage Planning
• Pre-Departure Routines
• Pre-Arrival Routines
• Watch Keeping Routines
• Voyage and Monitoring Routines
• Emergency Routines for Breakdown
• Maintenance and Chart Correction Routines
• Service and Support Routines

It is vital that this work is planned and started well in advance of the installation of an ECDIS. This will secure
a safe and problem-free transition to navigation using type approved ECDIS.
ALARMS AND INDICATIONS
// PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR ELECTRONIC CHART DISPLAY AND
INFORMATION SYSTEMS (ECDIS)_ IMO Resolutions A.817 (19), MSC.64 (67) and MSC.86 (70)

//Electronic Chart Display and Information System for Inland Navigation

SECTION 4: OPERATIONAL AND PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS, METHODS OFTESTING AND
REQUIRED TEST RESULTS
6 FURUNO_OME41200H_1_FEA2100_2105_V402

Chart Alarms
General
The ECDIS is defined to increase safety with capability of detecting areas where depth is less than Safety
contour or where specified conditions exist. If you plan a route or if prediction of own ship movement goes
across safety contour or an area where selected specified condition exists, the system will give an indication or
alarm for danger area In this operation the ECDIS utilizes chart database (S57 charts) stored on hard disk in
SENC format. Note that ECDIS calculates dangerous areas using the largest scale chart available which may
not be the visualized chart.
You can select objects which are included for calculation of danger area (For example restricted areas). There is
a list of various areas which can cause indication of danger.
You can also define your own safe area by creating a User Chart Area. The system can utilise these areas when
calculating chart alarms. This is very useful with raster chart material such as ARCS.
The ECDIS can check for you
__ predicted movement area of the own ship
__ planned route with an easy to use locator function to find dangerous areas
The ECDIS will highlight for you on the chart area
__ dangerous areas inside predicted movement area of the own ship
__ dangerous areas inside your monitored route
__ dangerous areas inside your planned route

Chart alarms
Official S57 chart material consists depth contours which can be used calculation of chart alarms. A chart
database
also includes different types of objects which user can include in chart alarms. Proceed following steps:

1. Select suitable safety contour for your own ship. See chapter "How to select safety contour" on page
214.
2. Check that "Chart Alarms" is set to be displayed. See chapter "How to highlight Chart Alarm" on page
217.
3. If you want include Chart alarms some other objects or areas, select them for indication or alarm. See
chapter
"How to select objects used in Chart Alarm" on page 215.
4. In route planning mode define a new route or select existing one. Make an Chart Alarm calculation of
route if
there are indications of danger areas. For more information, see chapter "Route planning" on page 221.
Modify
your route if necessary and make the Chart Alarm calculation again.
5. Select route as monitored route.
6. Set watch sector for your own ship. See chapter "How to activate own ship check" on page 219.

The system is ready for Chart Alarm calculation of monitored route and estimated own ship position.

Route planning
The system will calculate Chart Alarms using user defined channel limit for route. Dangerous areas are shown
highlighted if safety contour or user selected Chart Alarm areas are crossed by the planned route. For more
information of route planning, see chapter "Route planning".
Note! If your voyage is going to take a long time or you are planning it much earlier than it is taking place, use
display and approve dates corresponding dates you are going to sail. For more information, see chapter "Time
dependent and periodical features of S57 chart"
You can generate a list of Chart Alarms which are across by the planned route. Proceed as follows:
1. Enter Safety Contour you want to use.
2. Plan a route, define waypoints and other necessary information.
3. Select dangerous objects to be used during Route monitoring in Chart Alarm calculation.
4. After that open Check sheet, to generate a list of alarms press Start button. The system will check a route leg
by leg and when finish you will see number of Legs and Alarms in an upper part of dialog box.

Figures above show before and after Chart Alarm calculation in Route Planning mode.
If there are alarms included to planned route, you have two alternatives to check them.
1. Check alarms leg by leg
2. Check alarms by using category of alarm

Route monitoring
Route monitoring can be divided to two separate parts; own ship estimated position and monitored route. See also
chapter "Route Monitoring".
Figure above shows how in route monitoring mode the system highlights Chart Alarms inside channel limits of
monitored route and inside predicted movement area of own ship.
Note, the system has a build in Route assistant, which ease the safe use of Routes. During the Route Plan you can
check your Route Plan for safe water and you can attach a User Chart and a Pilot Data which you intended to be used
together with a Route Plan.
If you have a text "Checked conditions are different", use Alarms page to verify difference between actual and
planned situation.

Chart Alarm using ARCS charts

In case of using ARCS charts, you can yourself define dangerous areas by using User Chart. The system can utilise
User Chart symbols, lines and areas and calculate Chart Alarm from this material. See also chapter "User Chart
Control".
Chart Alarm used with ARCS chart. The calculation is done with route and predicted movement area of own ship.
Proceed following steps, when you start planning of next voyage:
1. Create a new User Chart or select existing one which has been defined symbols, lines and/or
areas for Chart Alarms. See "How to include User Chart Symbols, Lines and Areas in Chart
Alarm" on page 217.
2. Check that "Chart Alarm Warning Area" is set to be displayed. See chapter "How to highlight
Chart Alarm" on page 217.
3. Select User Chart danger area indication or alarm position. See "How to select objects used in
Chart Alarm" on page 215.
4. In route planning mode define a new route or select existing one. Make Chart Alarm of route
if there are indications of danger areas. Modify your route if necessary. See chapter "Route
planning".
5. Select route as monitored route.
6. Set watch sector for your own ship. See chapter "How to activate own ship check" on page
219.
The system is ready for Chart Alarms based on User Chart for monitored route, planned route and own ship.

Introduction of Alarms sheet

In this sheet you can define desired conditions for the route. You can select Safety contour and Chart Alarms used
for check of this route. This allows you to make check with different conditions that selected for the System use.
This is useful when making a route for different loading or sailing conditions.

Enable changes: You have to select this in order to enable editing.

Note! You are able to modify Route when North Up or Course Up orientation
is selected to be used.
Ignore during monitoring Chart objects in this list box are not used for Chart Alarm calculation
Indication during monitoring Chart objects in this list box are used for Chart Alarm calculation. Only
indication of selected Chart objects are generated by the System.
Alarm during monitoring Chart objects in this list box are used for Chart Alarm calculation. Both
indication and audible alarms of selected Chart objects are generated by the
system.
Safety Contour Selected Deep Contour for Chart Alarm calculation
Copy from used settings Used to copy settings defined above from the settings currently used by the
System.

Introduction of Check sheet

In this sheet you can make Safe water calculation for your route. For more information see chapter "Chart Alarm
calculation".
In this sheet you also store the names of the User Chart and Pilot Data planned to be used during Route Monitoring
together with this Planned Route. The storage happens when you activate the Safe Water calculation from Start
pushbutton. The stored names are the name of the Planned User Chart and Planned Pilot Data.

NOTE! In order to display charts with correct updated situation, use always current date during your voyage. If
your voyage lasts more than one week set current date at least once per week during your voyage.
NOTE! In order to display charts with correct updated situation during route planning, use always planned date of
each waypoint to check your plan.

Route monitoring related alarms

Following alarms are related to route monitoring:
2052 Route: Illegal ETA WP, which will appear when the system cannot use the selected ETA waypoint. The
reason might be corrupted or missing route file.
2053 Route: Illegal To WP, which will appear when the system cannot use the selected "To WP". The reason
might be corrupted or missing route file.
2054 Route: Illegal final WP, which will appear when the system cannot use the selected final waypoint. The
reason might be corrupted or missing route file.
2060 Route: WP change disabled, which will appear when the you try to change next or final waypoint while the
system is in automatic Route Steering. Leave automatic Route Steering and change then the waypoint.
2063 Route: Select disabled, which will appear when the you try to select a new route for Route Monitoring while
the system is in automatic Route Steering. Leave automatic Route Steering and select then a new route.
2064 Route: Cancel disabled, which will appear when the you try to cancel current Monitored Route while the
system is in automatic Route Steering. Leave automatic Route Steering and cancel then the current route.
2454 Route: End reached, which will appear when the own ship passes the last waypoint. The system cancel
current Route Monitoring. Normally this alarm appears only, if alarm 2458 is left unacknowledged.
2457 Route: Outside chl limits alarm, which will appear if the own ship is outside the monitored channel.
Following alarms are related to route monitoring when automatic Route Steering is not used:
2451 Route: WP approach alarm, which will appear when the own ship arrives within selectable time to wheel
over point of the next waypoint
2458 Route: Last WP approach alarm, which will appear when the own ship arrives within selectable time to the
final waypoint. Acknowledgement of this alarm cancels current Route Monitoring.

How to select Reference Target for Plan mode

If text of Reference Target on Upper right hand corner is black it is indication that the Workstation is in monitoring
mode for Reference Target. To activate Plan mode and select Reference Target for Plan mode, proceed as
follows:
1. Press REFERENCE TARGET button and select Activate Plan mode> Goto Plan mode. (If you already have
desired Reference Target in Monitoring mode, you can use Activate Plan mode> Move Monitored for Plan
mode to select it for Plan mode and you can continue from step 4. NOTE, when using this command Reference
Target is removed from Monitor mode.).
2. Press REFERENCE TARGET push button and select from menu Select.
3. Reference Target list box appears to the dialog box area. Highlight desired Reference Target to select it.
4. Reference Target will be loaded to Plan mode and it is displayed on the Electronic chart area. For more
information about control Reference Target display, see Chapter "Details of chart display".

How to create Reference Target

You can create and modify an Reference Target when you have select Plan mode of Reference Target.
To make a complete Reference Target, proceed as follows:
1. Press twice REFERENCE TARGET button. Select Create from the menu.
2. Enter a name for Reference Target using Keypad dialog box and press OK.
3. Select "Enable changes". Use Cursor and SELECT button to define location of Reference Target. Define
Name and used Element type. Use Seek field to define range where to seek it.

Associated alarms
Reference Targets have following associated alarms:
"1102 RefTgt: Less than 8 Targ", if you try to start Reference targets with a file with less than 8 targets.
"1101 RefTgt: No file selected", if you try to start Reference targets without any selected file
"2351 RefTgt: Forced to cancel", if you select a new Reference target file without cancel the current file. The
system cancel then automatically the current file.
"2352 RefTgt: Lost positions", you have selected Reference targets as positions source and the Reference target
system is unable to solve own ship positions.
"2352 RefTgt: Lost gyro corr", you have selected Reference targets as gyro correction source and the Reference
target system is unable to solve gyro correction.
"2352 RefTgt: Tracking full", if you try to select Reference targets in use and there are less than 8 tracking
channels available.

Sensor related alarms

Following alarms, which are not described elsewhere, are related to different sensors:
"2055 ARPA Radar Comm. Error", if the system has lost connection to an connected ARPA radar 1. As a
consequence the system loses tracked ARPA targets and speed/course available from ARPA.
"2056 ARPA Radar Comm. Error", if the system has lost connection to an connected ARPA radar 2. As a
consequence the system loses tracked ARPA targets and speed/course available from ARPA.
"2057 ARPA Radar Comm. Error", if the system has lost connection to an connected ARPA radar 3. As a
consequence the system loses tracked ARPA targets and speed/course available from ARPA.
"2058 ARPA Radar Comm. Error", if the system has lost connection to an connected ARPA radar 4. As a
consequence the system loses tracked ARPA targets and speed/course available from ARPA.
"2071 Source ARPA Radar changed", The system has lost connection to the ARPA radar which used to be the
source of tracked ARPA targets and speed/course information. Then if there are available other connected ARPA
radars the system selects one of them as a new source of tracked ARPA targets and speed/course information and the
system generates alarm 2071.
"4001 B-Adapter Error", if the system has lost connection to B-Adapter which is an interface to various navigation
sensors. See more in separate Technical manual.
"4002 Engine Control Comm Error", if the system has lost connection to Engine Control which could be an
interface to various navigation sensors. See more in separate Technical manual.
"4005 Gyro Error", if the system has lost connection to Gyro1 sensor.
"4006 Gyro Error", if the system has lost connection to Gyro2 sensor.
"4008 Log Error", if the system has lost connection to Log sensor.
"4009 Dual Axis Log Error", if the system has lost connection to Dual Axis Log sensor.
"4010 Echo Sounder Error", if the system has lost connection to Echo Sounder sensor.
"4011 Wind Sensor Error", if the system has lost connection to Wind sensor.
"4012 Position Eq Error", if the system has lost connection to Position sensor number 1
"4013 Position Eq Error", if the system has lost connection to Position sensor number 2
"4014 Position Eq Error", if the system has lost connection to Position sensor number 3
"4015 Position Eq Error", if the system has lost connection to Position sensor number 4
"4016 Position Eq Error", if the system has lost connection to Position sensor number 5
"4018 ROT gyro error", if the system has lost connection to ROT gyro sensor.
"4019 Pitch+Roll sensor error", if the system has lost connection to Pitch and Roll sensor.
"4021 ARPA Radar System Error", if ARPA radar number 1 reports about internal failure
"4022 ARPA Radar System Error", if ARPA radar number 2 reports about internal failure
"4023 ARPA Radar System Error", if ARPA radar number 3 reports about internal failure
"4024 ARPA Radar System Error", if ARPA radar number 4 reports about internal failure
"4201 Ext. navigation eq. error", if external navigation equipment number 1 reports about internal failure
"4202 Ext. navigation eq. error", if external navigation equipment number 2 reports about internal failure
"4203 Ext. navigation eq. error", if external navigation equipment number 3 reports about internal failure
"4204 Ext. navigation eq. error", if external navigation equipment number 4 reports about internal failure
"4205 Ext. navigation eq. error", if external navigation equipment number 5 reports about internal failure
"4206 Ext. navigation eq. error", if external navigation equipment number 6 reports about internal failure
"4207 Ext. navigation eq. error", if external navigation equipment number 7 reports about internal failure
"4208 Ext. navigation eq. error", if external navigation equipment number 8 reports about internal failure.

Voyage log
This log consists information from the entire voyage. Recorded events are:
__ Changes of course and speed are recorded. User can define limits for course change and speed change of own
ship to be recorded. (Type:Ship)
__ User is able to define time period, how often there is a recording regardless of course or speed changes. (For
example, once per 4 hours). (Type:Auto)
__ Man Over Board event (Type:MOB)
__ Standard event (Type:User)
__ Alarms generated by the system. User is able to select alarms, which are recorded into Voyage log.
(Type:Alarm)
__ Positions (Type: Posdev)
Each record consists information of wind speed and direction, depth information and distance counter value.

Alarms log
An Alarm's log is used to collect and record alarms generated by the system. User is able to view list of generated
alarms using alarm log viewing program.
Possible view of latest alarm. A time and date, number of alarm and explanation are listed in Latest alarm log.
To open log, proceed as followed:
1. Press VOYAGE RECORD button.
2. Select Alarms Log from the menu
3. The system will start viewing program of log.
4. User is able to print log.

How to print Latest Alarm

1. Press VOYAGE RECORD button.
2. Select Alarms Log from the menu
3. The system will start viewing program of log.
4. Select Print From the File menu. A print dialog box appears, press OK.

Alarms
Overview
There are three kind of alarms generated by ECDIS or Track Pilot processors. To see list of alarms, see "List of
alarms" on page 419.

Alarms generated by Navigation Calculation

Navigation Calculation generates following alarms:
__ Error detected in any sensor
__ Radar communication error
__ Software alarms, etc.
The alarms are displayed on the ECDIS screen left corner of lower status bar. Press Alarm Ack pushbutton from the
Control Panel to reset the alarm on the screen.
Lower status bar, when an alarm is generated by Navigation Calculation.
Alarms generated by Chart Calculation
Chart Calculation generates following alarms:
__ new pilot data notebook page available
__ Chart Alarms based on S57 charts
__ Chart Alarms based on User Chart dangerous Symbols, Lines and Areas
The alarms are displayed on the ECDIS screen left corner of lower status bar. Press Alarm Ack pushbutton from the
Control Panel to reset the alarm on the screen.
Lower status bar, when an alarm is generated by Chart Calculation.

Description of the alarm priority system

The permanently visible alarm in lower status bar is the top most i.e. latest most urgent alarm in any moment.
Alarms has priority from 1 to 10 to control urgency. Priority 1 is highest. The list of alarms chapters show these
priorities for each alarm with following syntax: "/1" in the end first row means priority = 1, "/1/8" in the end of first
row means that priority is = 1, if unacknowledged and priority = 8, if acknowledged but the state of alarm still exist.
You have a possibility to view the alarms, which are in the queue. Move the cursor over the red alarm text in lower
status bar and press INFO/HELP. This open Alarm queue window. See example below.

How to read alarm queue (first row as an example):

__ first number "2" indicates alarm priority
__ second number "5100" indicates alarm number
__ text indicates reason of alarm "Safety contour"
First example show how alarm 2001 changes its priority
from 1 to 8 after acknowledge. Then lower priority
alarm 5100 is the most urgent out of the remaining
alarms.
Second example show how alarm 5100 changes its
priority to 10 after acknowledge. Then alarm 5103 is the
most urgent out of the remaining alarms.

List of alarms
List of Navigation alarms

Alarm number 1101: REFTGT: NO FILE SELECTED /7

------------------------------------
USE 'REFERENCE TARGET' BUTTON TO
SELECT VALID REFEFERENCE TARGET FILE
Alarm number 1102: REFTGT: NEED 8 TARGETS /7
------------------------------------
FILE MUST CONTAIN AT LEAST 8 TARGETS
IN ORDER TO UTILIZE REFERENCE
TARGETS USE 'REFERENCE TARGET'
BUTTON TO SELECT ANOTHER REF. TARGET
Alarm number 1200: DEPTH BELOW LIMIT /5/13
------------------------------------
ECHO SOUNDER INDICATES WATER DEPTH
BELOW TRANSDUCER TO EXCEED SPECIFIED
SAFE LIMIT.

7 Datum

Datum is a mathematical model of the earth (because earth is not a perfect sphere)
A geodetic datum or geodetic system is a coordinate system, and a set of reference points, used for locating places
on the Earth. An approximate definition of sea level is the datum WGS 84, an ellipsoid, whereas a more accurate
definition is Earth Gravitational Model 2008, using at least 2,159 spherical harmonics.

Select datum
Selection of datum is very important, if you manually enter latitude-longitude positions from the control panel or
keyboard or if you use digitizer. If you only operate with cursor to add and to modify waypoint locations, then you
could use any datum, although it is recommended to use native datum of the chart. For more information to select
datum, see chapter "Datum".

Datum
General
Datum is a mathematical model of the earth, based on which the sea chart has been made. Datum connects together
the positioning and the sea chart. If the Datum of position sensor and the sea chart are different, a transformation has
to be made somewhere in the system. Not doing so can result errors of several sea miles. Generally, it can be
assumed that the error is at least of the magnitude of a cable (0.1 NM). The difference between two Datums is never
constant, but depends on position. This means that the difference term of WGS 84 and local Datum, generally used
in paper charts, is not generally valid with electronic sea charts.

Paper charts
Datums used in paper charts has been traditionally national Datums for historical reasons. Many paper charts do not
have a marked Datum, compatibility with electronic charts may be complicated. In some paper charts, the correction
terms instead of Datum are printed, for correction of the WGS 84 system satellite locations. The correction terms
are usable but only with the paper chart in question.

Electronic sea charts

Until now, electronic sea charts have generally been based on rasterizing or vectorizing of paper charts, resulting in
the respective transfer of the local Datum.
Exceptions:
__ The ARCS (raster) material includes polynomials for each chart, making it possible for the ECS system to solve
the difference between the WGS 84 Datum and the local Datum with an accuracy sufficient for authority
responsibility. In some charts, the mentioned difference is not known with sufficient accuracy, resulting in
displaying a permanent warning window when displayed in ARCS compatible systems.
__ ENC vector material, which according to S57 standard has to be produced by National Hydrographic Office in
the WGS-84 Datum.

Positioning devices and Datum

In early days of the electronic positioning devices, no attention was generally paid to Datums because the commonly
used systems utilised special charts (like Decca charts). Later on, a data output was added to these systems, but still
no attention was paid to Datums and the errors were considered as inaccuracy of the system. The spread of the GPS
has made Datum better known. There is no value of an accurate position, if co-ordinates are in a wrong Datum.
GPS satellites in the scope utilise the WGS-84 Datum. However the WGS-84 Datum is not a general solution for all
positioning systems, due to differences between electronic sea chart system and the chart material displayed.
396 _ Datum

ECDIS and Datum

The real ECDIS uses ENC material, produced to standards using WGS-84 Datum. Positioning devices connected to
ECDIS must work in the WGS-84 Datum. The IMO resolution requires that the ECDIS must give an alarm, if the
datum of positioning device is not the WGS-84. In practice this is impossible, because the standard used by
positioning devices (IEC-1162, previously NMEA-183) does not include a Datum message. Consequently, the
classification societies only approve positioning device in which Datum cannot be changed (i.e. is always WGS-84)
to be interfaced to the ECDIS.
NOTE, The ability to check datum of position is a relatively new feature for position receivers. It was introduced in
standard IEC 61162-1 Ed2 Published in July 2000. Only EPFS (for example GPS or DGPS) ,which has "IEC
61162-1 Ed 2 (2000-7)" indicated in their type approval certificate can support the ECDIS to detect Datum
mismatch.

ECDIS and user selectable local Datum

The ECDIS provides for user a possibility to change viewed datum. See chapter "How to select Datum" on page
398. This selection of the datum does not change anything inside the ECDIS for navigation calculation processes or
for electronic sea chart display processes. But it changes the numerical values of positions displayed on the ECDIS
screen into the user selected Datum. This is very useful, if you like to plot positions from the ECDIS on traditional
paper chart.

How to select Datum

Datum is used to select between different models of the earth. It is essential that you use Datum in a consistent way.
See also chapter "ECDIS and Datum" on page 396.
If you use paper charts together with electronic chart material, it is recommended that you use the same Datum as
your current paper chart to avoid misalignment between your electronic system and points taken or plotted on your
current paper chart.
Once you have selected a datum, all numerical latitude-longitude position values are presented in your selected
datum.
Note: If you use ARCS raster chart material the rasterized charts contain some rasterized position information.
These positions like scales in the edges of ARCS charts are true only if you have selected native datum of that ARCS
chart. Normally this is the natural situation, because you use ARCS together with equal official paper chart and
because you have selected as datum the datum of your equal official paper chart.
To select datum proceed as follows:
1. Press Initial setting push button and select Datum from the list box.
2. Select desired datum from Datum the list box.
3. Selected datum is shown on the Upper information area. Selected datum is shown on Upper information area (in this case European
1950).

8 CHECKS

https://maritimecyprus.com/2017/03/29/details-on-ecdis-data-presentation-and-performance-check-for-ships/
Details on ECDIS Data Presentation and Performance Check for Ships

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) has issued a bulletin concerning relevant ECDIS
Performance Check for ships.
The checks detailed below are not intended for, and are not suitable to be used as a Port State
Inspection / Carriage compliance test for ECDIS.
The checks should be run at least once after installing an ECDIS.  A re-run is recommended only after a
software update, system upgrade or change of equipment.  The results should be reported to the IHO if and
only if anomalies are found.
The IHO ENC/ECDIS Presentation and Performance Checks are intended to make mariners aware of any
shortcomings with their ECDIS. Mariner feedback from the checks will also enable the IHO to identify how the
different brands of ECDIS display and handle chart data. This information will be used to inform the IMO,
national Hydrographic Offices, ECDIS manufacturers and others, so that they can take any corrective action
that may be necessary.

New ECDIS Data Presentation and Performance Check in ships

The International Hydrographic Organization (IHO) issued a bulletin concerning its new ECDIS Data
Presentation and Performance Check for ships. IHO says that the checks should be run at least once after
installing an ECDIS.  A re-run is recommended only after a software update, system upgrade or change of
equipment.  The results should be reported to the IHO if and only if anomalies are found.

//Comité International Radio-Maritime (CIRM) Guideline

2. PERFORMANCE TEST PROCEDURE
2.1. EXAMINATION OF ECDIS
The examination of the ECDIS installation should include:

• Confirmation that the ECDIS equipment is not in an obvious failure condition prior to commencement of the
task;
• Confirmation that the ECDIS has adequate power supply arrangements in place as defined by IMO and Flag
State requirements. Reference should be made to approved installation drawings if available. Should power
supply arrangements include any Uninterrupted Power Supply (UPS) device, its operational condition should be
checked and (if applicable) the battery’s expiration date should not be exceeded;
CIRM GL-001 – Performance Test Procedure for ECDIS Edition 1.0 – September 2018 Page 5
• Confirmation by visual check that the display allows important features to be discriminated by colour,
following the process defined in the manufacturer´s documentation;
• Confirmation that the ECDIS software version is capable of displaying up-to-date electronic charts correctly
through compliance with the International Hydrographic Organization’s (IHO) chart content and display
standards currently in force (as recommended in MSC.1/Circ.1503/Rev.1);
• Confirmation that an audible signal is available for new (unacknowledged) alerts;
• Confirmation that the ECDIS is interfaced with, and receives valid data from, navigational sensors. As a
minimum ECDIS should be interfaced to one electronic position fixing system (EPFS), one heading sensor, and
one speed and distance measuring equipment (SDME) device;
• Depending on the associated installation dates, ECDIS connections to the following equipment should be
checked: Voyage Data Recorder (VDR) (IEC 61162-450); Bridge Navigational Watch Alarm System
(BNWAS); Central Alert Management (CAM);
• Confirmation that the ECDIS has the ability to load Electronic Navigational Charts (ENCs) and their updates,
by checking that the system has a portfolio of recent ENCs installed;
• Confirmation that the input devices installed (e.g. dedicated keyboards, tracker balls, etc.) are in operational
condition;
• Confirmation that the ECDIS uses correct Coordinated Universal Time (UTC) Time;
• Confirmation that the ECDIS has 12 hours/3 months voyage logs available;
• Confirmation that the overall condition of the equipment is satisfactory;
• Confirmation that the equipment is left in the normal operational condition after completions of all
checks/tests.

https://www.myseatime.com/blog/detail/ecdis-sire-questions
Question 1: Can you show me the last passage plan on ECDIS?
Question 2: Do you perform a route check? How do you do it?
Question 3: How do you make sure your ENCs are corrected up to date?
Question 4: How do you know if you have all the required ENCs for the route?
Question 5: How do you plot the Navigation warnings
Question 6: What IHO presentation library your ECDIS uses? Can you show me?
Question 7: How do you plot position from sources other than GPS?
Question 8: What ECDIS safety settings are entered during arrival to this port?
Question 9: What procedure you follow when the route crosses safety contour?
Question 10: What is scamin and how do you use it?

https://trid.trb.org/view/1408313
Position Cross-Checking on ECDIS in View of International Regulations Requirements and OCIMF
Recommendations
In this paper the author suggests methods for position cross-checking on modern bridge equipped with
Electronic Chart Display and Information Systems (ECDIS). Terrestrial navigation techniques in relation to
newly implemented technology are adopted to fulfil international requirements and recommendations. The
author proposes voyage recording procedures conforming to International Marine Organization (IMO)
requirements ready to be used as navigational procedures in Safety Management System. Vessel Inspection
Questionnaire of Ship Inspection Report Programme is used to systematize the needs. Differences in approach
between paper charts and ECDIS navigation are exposed and clarified serving as a guide for ships liable to
undergo vetting inspection. The author shows both, advantages and weak points of various ECDIS features
using as an example ECDIS manufactured by Japan Radio Company.