NAVTEX

Do you struggle to sort out navtex warnings ? If yes, you are not
alone.
Many believe that Navtex is not a perfect equipment for ocean going
ships to receive nav warnings. I will be neutral to that statement. The
reason is we do not receive in-force navtex list and so we cannot be
sure if we have received all the navtex messages or not.

But not being perfect equipment for ocean going ships does not mean
that it is of no use to us.

The only way you can use this imperfect equipment perfectly is by
knowing everything about it and by keeping the navtex receiver in
good shape.

I noticed that we have many questions related to Navtex that come to

mind when we think of Navtex. And I thought best way to discuss
Navtex would be to answer these questions individually. So here are
the 20 questions about navtex and the answers to these 20 questions.

Lets Start…

1. Navtex: What it is ?

Navtex is short form for Navigation telex and as the name suggests, it
is a one form of communication mode. Only thing is that it is for one
way communication. What we have on board is a telex receiver, which
receives navigational warnings sent by the Navtex station.

Navtex was developed to provide low cost, simple and

automated maritime safety information to the ships in coastal waters.
Navtex is part of GMDSS equipments which is required to be fitted
onboard every ship as per SOLAS Chapter IV Reg 7.

2. What is the source of Navtex messages

Navtex station receives these messages from navtex coordinator who

in turn receives these messages from various sources. These sources
include Meteorological office, Hyrdographic office or rescue
coordination centers (RCC).

3. What is the difference between service area and

range of the Navtex station ?

A navtex station have a pre-defined area for which it is responsible for

sending information. This is called service area of navtex station. The
Navtex coordinator of the country decides the service area for the
navtex station when it is being set up initially.

If it does not overlap the service area of a navtex station of another

adjoining country, usually there is no issue for the navtex coordinator
to set up service area.

But if case any dispute over setting up the service area for a navtex
station, IMO navtex coordination panel helps in setting this up.

4. Do all navtex stations have equal range ?

As I said the range of the transmitter of the navtex station need to be
sufficient to cover its service area. Each navtex station can have
different size of the service area and hence the range of the
transmitter of each of the navtex station will be different.
5. How can we know the transmitter range of a
navtex station ?

This information is available in the ALRS or ADRS 1,3,4,5. For example

let us find the transmitter range of “Chennai” navtex station. Open
ADRS 1,3,4,5 on the dedicated computer and select “Navtex” under
“View” option. From the left menu (Geographical area) scroll down to
India.Under navtex option, click on Chennai.
6. How to know which navtex station will be in range
on my passage ?

Same like above, We can find this information in the ALRS or ADRS
1,3,4,5. Just open ADRS Vol 1,3,4,5 on your dedicated computer and
make sure Navtex is selected from “View” option.

This will give you all the navtex stations which you can zoom the map
to view a particular one you might be looking for.

Otherwise you can choose the area (or country) from the geographical
area selection panel from left menu bar.
7.At what time a navtex station transmits the
navtex messages

Like our phones, Navtex also cannot receive two transmissions at the
same time. While receiving transmission from one station, the navtex
will reject the reception of second transmission if received.

For this reason, each Navtex station is alloted fixed time to transmit
their messages. Each Navtex station type (Character B1) get fixed 10
minutes of time to transmit the message.

The time schedule is as follows

8. Can Navtex station send a message outside these

timings
Yes, they can if the message is of utmost priority. There are three
message priorities that a navtex message can have.

Vital messages will be broadcasted immediately and do not need to

wait for the scheduled transmission.

9. Do Navtex station repeat all the messages in each

transmission

Navtex station repeats all the valid messages in each transmission

provided it can be transmitted in allotted 10 minutes time.
The navtex receiver onboard stores the successfully received messages
for 72 hours. In next transmission, if vessel is still in the range, it will
only receive and print any new messages.

Now let us say that you received the navtex messages just now.
And you wish to receive all the messages again in next scheduled
transmission of the station.

You can switch off the navtex receiver and then switch on again. This
will clear the memory from the Navtex and you will receive all the valid
messages again.

10. What if I have received few corrupted message

As I pointed out in previous question, we can switch off and switch on

the navtex again. During next scheduled transmission, you will receive
all the navtex messaged again.

But if you will be in the service area of the navtex before next
transmission, you can send the email to the navtex co-ordinator about
the corrupted message.

This way not only you will get the corrupted message by email but also
you have given a feedback to the navtex station about the corrupt
message.

11. How does navtex station sends navtex messages

The Navtex station sends these message on

a designated frequency and we receive it on board if we are in range of
that navtex station.
 If you have a thing for numbers, then here are few numbers you may
wish to know

 Navtex uses frequency 518 KHz for transmitting messages in english.

 Navtex uses another frequency 490 kHz for transmitting messages in

local language.

 The range of the navtex transmission is between 250NM to 400NM

12. What is the format of Navtex message

Every navtex message starts with letters ZCZC which indicates the
start of the message. This is followed by two letters (we call it B1B2)
and two numbers (B3B4). In the last, end of the message is denoted
by “NNNN”.

The entire process of receiving the transmission from a navtex station

looks something like this.
ZCZC : As I said it denotes the start of the message

B1 : First letter denotes the identity of the navtex station

broadcasting this message. This can be anything from letter A to Letter
X.

B2: The second letter denotes the message type.

B3B4 : The two numbers denotes the message number of the navtex
message.
NNNN: indicates the “End of the message”

Here is the actual navtex message received on ship’s navtex. Can you
identify the format described above ? I am sure you will be.
13. What does phasing signal means ?

This is the signal that is used to lock into the transmission of a

particular navtex station. Now if this signal is not used what can
happen.

If there is another station in range and which also sends its

transmission, the message will be corrupted. This is because navtex
receivers will try to receive messages from both the stations.

When a particular station is locked in with the phasing signal, navtex

receiver will block reception of all other stations.

14. What are the type of messages received through

Navtex

As I said earlier character B2 in navtex message identity represent the

type of navtex message. A letter from A to Z denotes the message
type. For example letter A means the message type is “Navigational
warning” and letter B mean the message type is “Meteorological
warning”. Here is the list of what all message type we can receive
through navtex.
15. How do we know what type of messages will a
Navtex station send in each transmission schedule

We can find this information in ALRS or ADRS 1,3,4,5. For example if

we look for Manila Navtex station, you can find its transmission
schedule as well as what type of messages will it send during each
transmission.
 16. How the message number (B3B4) allotted to a
Navtex message ?

The message numbers are given between 01 to 99. When a navtex

station is first set up and it sends its first message, it will be numbered
as 01.

After that the message number count will keep on increasing until it
reaches message number 99. Now when the message number reaches
99, there can be 2 possibilities

 There can be few messages (from 01~99) that are canceled or

 All the messages are valid

If there are some messages that are cancelled, the next message after
99 will get the message number of first cancelled message after 01.
This cycle goes on.

Let us understand this with an example.

A Navtex station (B1=P) has sent total 97 message since it was put
into service few day back. In these 97 messages, message number 03,
11 and 16 are cancelled. Its next scheduled transmission is after 3
hours and it got 3 new Nav warnings (B2=A) to send. What will be the
message identification of these 3 messages.

Think.

You Got it. right ?

PA98, PA99, PA03. I hope you have same answers.

Now let us see the second condition. In case all the 99 Navtex
messages are valid. In this case the navtex station will use the
message type “L” for issuing new nav warnings through Navtex.

17. Do Navtex stations send the in force warning list

?

IMO encourages Navtex stations to send the in-force list every week.
But most of the times you would not receive the in-force list.
 Navtex stations have limited time (10 minutes) to transmit the
messages. Including in-force list will only reduce the time for actual
transmission.

Though I have experienced that Japan Navtex stations send in-force

list every week.

We can download the in-force warnings from the internet (Official sites
of the navtex stations) but

 This is highly discouraged by IMO as well as industry experts like Oil

majors.

 Not all nav area coordinators have the in force list for navtex posted on
the web

Even if navtex stations send the in-force list every week, not all ocean
going ships will receive it. Ship will pass the service area of the station
in less than one day. So if the ship passes this area on the day other
than the day in-force list is sent, they will not receive it.

18. How do I know if I have received all the navtex

warnings ?

We cannot know for sure if we have received all the Navtex warnings.
We have to assume that we have all the Navtex warnings.

But the best we can do is to keep the Navtex receiver in good

condition so that it does not miss out receiving any navtex messages.
Also we should select the correct station well before entry into the
service area. It is a good practice to select all the station that would be
in our range during the passage, before we begin the passage.

Apart from following the Maker’s guidelines for maintenance, cleaning

of navtex antenna can increase the reception quality.

19. Do I need to log the Navtex messages in the

GMDSS log

As per SOLAS Chapter IV, reg 17 we need to maintain the radio

records for all the importnat activities. But IMO has clarified this
that we are not required to log receiving navtex messages in the
GMDSS log. Maintaining the print out of the navtex messages is
sufficient to satisfy the regulation 17 of the SOLAS chapter 17.

20. How to plot navtex warnings on chart.

Plotting navtex warnings on chart is no different than plotting any

other warnings. This guide on navigational warnings can be useful for
information on how to plot navigational warnings on chart.

Conclusion

Naxtex is as important equipment as any other equipment on the

wheel house. But sometimes we tend to give Navtex a step motherly
treatment by keeing it last in priority list. One reason for that is we are
never sure how to handle Navtex.
If we know how it works and how best we can handle Navtex on board,
handling Navtex messages will be as easy as eating a pie of cake.