Journal Penelitian Ilmu Komputer, System Embedded & Logic

p-ISSN: 2303-3304, e-ISSN: 2620-3553

8 (2): 83 – 90 (September 2020)
https://doi.org/10.33558/piksel.v8i2.2271

The Analysis of Factors That Influences People

Intention to Use in Electronic Money
Tasya Octaviani Fahiraningrum 1, Richard 1, *

1 Information System; Bina Nusantara University; Bina Nusantara University

Jakarta, Indonesia, 11840; e-mail: tasya.ningrum@binus.ac.id

* Correspondence: e-mail: richard-slc@binus.edu

Received: 6 August 2020; Review: 20 August 2020; Accepted: 3 September 2020; Published: 25 September 2020

Abstract

The development of banking service technology now allows us to do non-cash transactions

using various media. Electronic money as one of the favorite media that is widely used by the
public is now experiencing innovation with the new breakthrough of Electronic Money Flazz Gen
2 that can conduct transaction services via smartphones. With this latest innovation comes a
question related to what factors that influence people using electronic money Flazz Gen 2.
Therefore, quantitative research using a questionnaire conducted using the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM) analyzed using the Structural Equation Modeling – Partial Least
Square (SEM-PLS) method assisted by software SmartPLS 3.0. The factors studied were taken
from the variables in the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) developed by Davis et.al (1996),
namely perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness and trust variables taken from Gefen's
theory (2003).

Keywords: TAM, Electronic Money, SEM-PLS,

1. Introduction
Every year, technology continues to experience rapid evolution that create impact on
daily activities, one of it is payment activities, which initially only cash transaction can be done
but now evolved into non-cash transaction. One of the non-cash payment systems that are
widely used in Indonesia is Electronic Money or commonly known as E-Money. The emergence
of E-money was motivated by Bank Indonesia Regulation Number 11/12 / PBI/2009 with the aim
of creating a less cash society in Indonesia. According to Bank Indonesia, Electronic Money is
defined as a payment instrument that meets the following elements; issued on the basis of the
value of money previously paid up to the issuer; the value of money is stored electronically in a
medium such as a server or chip; and the value of electronic money managed by the issuer is
not a deposit as referred to the law that governs banking. E-money is a tool used to make
transactions using an electronic system as a non-cash transaction. These transactions usually
require the help of special tools using computer networks and internet networks such as digital
price storage systems and the internet. E-money has advantages including ease of use, from
benefits to ease of using E-money in sales and purchase transactions (Surtikanti and Mustofa
2019). Electronic money was introduced as a cost-effective alternative to payment for small
value transactions and as a convenient medium for payments over the internet. Value card
storage equipped with Contactless technology is cheaper than debit and credit cards (pro-
transaction fees do not include setup fees), and pre-loaded software provides an efficient and
secure payment instrument for use on the internet (Papadopoulos 2007).
Electronic money growth, especially in Indonesia, is growing very rapidly, this can be
seen from its transaction volume that continue to increase each month in 2019, as of December
2019, there were 515 million transactions based on data from Bank Indonesia. As of April 8,
2020, there are 48 electronic money issuers registered with Bank Indonesia. Along with the
rapid development of technology in the non-cash payment system, namely E-money, Private
Consumer Bank as a pioneer in the Indonesia’s Private banking industry has dozens of
electronic banking products, one of which is electronic money with chip-based products which

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Tasya Octaviani Fahiraningrum, Richard

has been circulating since 2011, the Electronic Money has multi-functions. Besides being used
for payments on toll roads it can also be used to make payments for public transportation,
parking fees to payments for food and beverage at minimarkets or supermarkets, to make
payments user can simply top-up the balance at various Private Consumer Bank ATM’s or at
cooperating merchants. The use of Electronic Money in the community is very large, this can be
seen from the population data and volume of Electronic Money transactions in 2019, as of
November 2019, there were 17 million cards population based on data from Private Consumer
Bank.
Early 2020 Private Consumer Bank released a new version of electronic money with the
addition of a new feature called, the advantage this new Electronic Money is the top-up feature
can be done directly from Android Smartphone that supports NFC in Private Consumer mobile
banking application, with this feature users no longer need to top-up balances at ATM machines
or merchants. In recent years, due to the large number of smart phones equipped with Near
Field Communication (NFC), various information can be obtained more easily. NFC is a kind of
RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) system which means NFC is a type of TAG to Reader
system. NFC performs short-range communication within 10 cm on the 13.56 MHz band. With
the NFC feature on smartphones, we can make various electronic payments safe and fast
because of the short communication distance (Jung 2014).
With the latest innovations made by Private Consumer Bank is the primary reason for
the author's research on Analysis factors that influeces people intention to use electronic money
especially in the Jabodetabek area. The model that will be used in this study is the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM) developed by Davis et.al (1989), TAM is a model used to analyze and
understand the factors that influence the acceptance of technology use. In TAM there are two
specific beliefs, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use are the main relevance for
computer acceptance behavior (Davis, Bagozzi, and Marshaw 1989).

2. Research Method
The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), introduced by Davis in 1989, is an
adaptation of Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA) which is devoted to modeling user acceptance
of technology. Several similar studies have been carried out by adding modifications based on
this model such as (Gefen, Karahanna, and Straub 2003), (Venkatesh and Davis 2000), other
modifications to the TAM model, namely (Pavlou 2003) which added trust and risk variables in
their model. The aim of the TAM is to provide an explanation of the determinants of common
computer acceptance, capable of explaining user behavior across a wide range of end-user
computing technologies and user populations, while at the same time being both very
economical and theoretically justified (Davis, Bagozzi, and Marshaw 1989). In the Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM), there are two main relevances in technology acceptance behavior,
namely Perceived Usefulness and perceived ease of use. Perceived Usefulness is defined as
the subjective likelihood that users using certain application systems will improve their work
performance and organizational context while Perceived Ease of Use refers to the level at which
potential users expect the system to be used to be free of effort or easy to use (Davis, Bagozzi,
and Marshaw 1989). According to Venkatesh (2000) from many empirical studies of the TAM
model, Perceived Usefulness has always been a strong candidate in measuring the intention to
use a technology and also TAM has consistently explained the proportion of substantial
variance (around 40%) in usage intention and behavior, and that TAM is better than alternative
models such as TRA and TPB. Even though the TAM model is an old model, the TAM model is
still used and developed as in the research conducted by Severt et.al (2020) which uses the
TAM model by adding Hedonic Motivation. Overall, the results of his research indicate that
perceived usefulness (PU) is the largest predictor of application users' attitudes towards mobile
applications, followed by Hedonic Motivation. The trust variable was added by the author based
on research done by (Wibowo, Rosmauli, and Suhud 2015) which stated that the Trust variable
had a significant influence on the interest in using e-money card products for Jakarta
commuterline service users also other research such as Tileng & Loanata (2016) which adds
the Trust variable to Intention to Use E-Commerce Traveloka, and Research by Budiantara,
Gunawan & Utami (2019) which add Trust as the trigger in online purchase intentions of “Made
In Indonesia” UMKM products through the use of the E-commerce Marketplace.

84 Journal Piksel 8(2): 83 - 90 (September 2020)

 The Analysis of Factors that influences People Intention to Use in Electronic Money

Figure 1. Research model

H1a: Perceived Usefulness has positive and significant effect on intention to use Flazz Gen 2.
H2a: Perceived Ease of Use has positive and significant effect on intention to use Flazz Gen 2.
H3a: Trust has positive and significant effect on people’s intention to use Flazz Gen 2.
H4a: Trust has positive and significant effect on Perceived Usefulness.
H5a: Trust has positive and significant effect on Perceived Ease of Use.
2.1. Population and Sample
In this study, the population to be studied were Electronic Money User who made
transaction and live in Jabodetabek area, based on data obtained from the Private Consumer
Bank Electronic Money Reports in November 2019 there are 17,344,693 cards population. To
obtained small sample, the authors use the Slovin formula with 10% error rate which resulting
100 sample.
The Questionnaire will be given to 100 respondents across the Jabodetabek by using The
purposive sampling, Purposive Sampling is chosen to limits the scope of the research by
providing specific criteria.
2.2. Operational Variables
Perceived Usefulness
This research uses elements of perceived usefulness variables based on the concept of
Fred Davis (1980) which consist of: a) Work More Quickly, b) Job Performance, c) Increase
Productivity, d) Effectiveness, e) Makes Job Easier, f) Useful
Perceived Ease of Use
This research uses elements of perceived ease of use variables based on the concept of
Fred Davis (1980) which consist of: a) Easy to Learn, b) Controllable, c) Clear and
Understandable, d) Flexible, e) Easy to Become Skillful, f) Easy to Use
Perceived Ease of Use
This research uses elements of Trust based on the concept of Gefen (2003) which consist
of: a) Predictability, b) Integrity, c) Ability.

3. Result and Discussion

The data in this research is processed using Structural Equation Modeling – Partial
Least Square (SEM-PLS). Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) is a collection of statistical
techniques that allows a series of relationships between one or more independent variables,
either continuous or discrete, and one or more dependent variables (Ullman and Bentler 2012).
According to (J. F. Hair, Ringle, and Sarstedt 2011) PLS-SEM (Partial Least Square-Structural
Equation Model) is a causal modeling approach that aims to maximize the variance described
from the dependent latent construct. When using PLS-SEM, researchers benefit from the
method’s greater statistical power compared to factor-based SEM, even when estimating data
generated from a common factor model population. Because of its greater statistical power, the
PLS- SEM method is more likely to identify an effect as significant when it is indeed (Joe 2017).
PLS path modeling is recommended in an early stage of theoretical development in order to test
and validate exploratory models, Another powerful feature of PLS path modeling is that it is
suitable for prediction-oriented research (Henseler, Ringle, and Sinkovics 2009).
3.1. Validity and Reliability
Validity tests in this study were conducted to measure the accuracy of questionnaire
statements. According to Gunawan (2020:88) A questionnaire is said to be valid if the question
in the questionnaire is able to reveal something that will be measured by the questionnaire.

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Tasya Octaviani Fahiraningrum, Richard

Validity testing in this study will use the Pearson Correlation method with the help of the SPSS
version 25. To be able to find out the validity of the statement can be done by comparing the
calculated r value that has been processed in the SPSS program with the r table value, If the
value of r > r table value then there is a correlation or valid, but if the value of r < r table then
there is no correlation or invalid. In this study the number of respondents (N) was 100 people
with a significance value of 5% 2-tailed so the value of r table was 0.194. Here are the validity
test results from this study:
Table 1. Validity test result (Perceived Usefulness)

Item r value r table Description Conclusion

PU1 0,813 0,194 r value > r table Valid

PU2 0,858 0,194 r value > r table Valid
PU3 0,779 0,194 r value > r table Valid
PU4 0,803 0,194 r value > r table Valid
PU5 0,767 0,194 r value > r table Valid
PU6 0,822 0,194 r value > r table Valid
Source: Research findings (2020)

Based on the data above PU1 statement has a r value of 0.813, PU2 with a value of
0.858, PU3 0.779, PU4 0.803, PU5 0.767 and PU6 with a r value of 0.822. in conclusion if the r
value compared to the r table value of 0.194 by using the formula of r value > r table value then
all items are valid.
Table 2. Validity test result (Perceived Ease of Use)

Item r value r table Description Conclusion

PEUO1 0,731 0,194 r value > r table Valid

PEUO2 0,735 0,194 r value > r table Valid
PEUO3 0,818 0,194 r value > r table Valid
PEUO4 0,767 0,194 r value > r table Valid
PEUO5 0,835 0,194 r value > r table Valid
PEOU6 0,841 0,194 r value > r table Valid
Source: Research findings (2020)

Based on the data above PEOU1 statement has a total r value of 0.731 and PEOU2
with a total value of 0.735 and so on. If using the previous formula by comparing the r value with
the r table value of 0.194 then all items are valid.
Table 3. Validity test result (Trust)
Item r value r table Description Conclusion

T1 0,863 0,194 r value > r table Valid

T2 0,866 0,194 r value > r table Valid
T3 0,868 0,194 r value > r table Valid
T4 0,830 0,194 r value > r table Valid
T5 0,816 0,194 r value > r table Valid
Source: Research findings (2020)

Based on the data above the statement T1 has a total r value of 0.863 and T2 with a
total value of 0.866 and so on. It can then be concluded that all items in the Trust variable are
valid.
Table 4. Validity test result (Intention To use)

Item r value r table Description Conclusion

ITU1 0,744 0,194 r value > r table Valid

ITU2 0,826 0,194 r value > r table Valid
ITU3 0,888 0,194 r value > r table Valid
ITU4 0,822 0,194 r value > r table Valid
Source: Research findings (2020)

Based on the data above ITU1 statement has a total r value of 0.744 and ITU2 with a
total value of 0.826 and so on. It can then be concluded that all items in the Intention To Use
variable are valid.

86 Journal Piksel 8(2): 83 - 90 (September 2020)

 The Analysis of Factors that influences People Intention to Use in Electronic Money

After the validity test is done and all items are valid then the Reliability Test is carried
out, According to Siregar (2013:55) Reliability is conducted to know the extent to which the
measurement results remain consistent when measured several times against the same
symptoms using a similar measuring instrument. According to (Wahyuni 2014) If the alpha
value > 0.90 then reliability is declared perfect, If the alpha value is between 0.70 – 0.90 then
the reliability is high, and if the alpha value is between 0.50 – 0.70 means moderate reliability
whereas if the alpha value < 0.50 means low reliability this can occur if there are some invalid
items. Here are the reliability test results from this study:

Figure 2. Reliability Test result (perceived usefulness)

Based on the above data, it can be concluded that the reliability test on perceived
usefulness variables is declared reliable because it has an alpha value that is between 0.70 –
0.90 i.e. 0.889.

Figure 3. Reliability Test result (perceived ease of use)

Based on the above data, it can be concluded that the reliability test on perceived ease
of use variables is declared reliable because it has an alpha value that is between 0.70 –0.90
which is 0.878 so that reliability is declared high.

Figure 4. Reliability Test result (trust)

Based on the above data, it can be concluded that the reliability test on trust variables is
declared reliable because it has an alpha value that is above 0.90 which is 0.902 so that
reliability is declared perfect.0.90 i.e. 0.878 so reliability is declared high.

PIKSEL status is accredited by the Directorate General of Research Strengthening and Development No.
28/E/KPT/2019 with Indonesian Scientific Index (SINTA) journal-level of S5, starting from Volume 6 (1) 2018 to
Volume 10 (1) 2022.
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Tasya Octaviani Fahiraningrum, Richard

Figure 5. Reliability Test result (Intention To Use)

Based on the above data, it can be concluded that the reliability test on the Intention To
Use variable is declared reliable because it has an alpha value that is between 0.70 – 0.90 i.e.
0.835 so that reliability is expressed high.
3.2. Evaluation of Measurement Model
Table 5. Composite Reliability value
Variable Composite Reliability
T 0.927
PU 0.918
PEOU 0.910
ITU 0.892
Source: Research findings (2020)

Based on the data above shows that the constructs of T, PU, PEOU and ITU have a
Composite Reliability value of > 0.70 which mean that all constructs passed the criteria and are
reliable.
Table 6. AVE value
Variable Nilai AVE
T 0.719
PU 0.652
PEOU 0.628
ITU 0.674
Source: Research findings (2020)

Based on the data above shows that the highest Average Variance Extracted (AVE)
value is in the T variable with a value of 0.719 and the rest is above 0.5 so it can be concluded
that all indicators are valid.
3.3. Evaluation of Structural Model
Table 7. R Square value
Variable
R Square
PU 0.509
PEOU 0.531
ITU 0.573
Source: Research findings (2020)

Based on the data above shows that the value of the Determination Coefficient of the
endogenous variable ITU has a value of 0.573 which is moderate which means that the PU
and PEOU variables simultaneously have a 57% effect on the ITU variable, while PEOU and PU
variables have a value of 0.531 and 0.509, which means that the T variable
simultaneously has an effect of 53% on PEOU and 50% on PU.
Table 8. Effect Size value
Paths ITU PEOU PU
PU 0.165
PEOU 0.015
T 0.212 1.130 1.036
Source: Research findings (2020)

According to (Hair, Sarstedt, Kuppelwieser, & Hopkin, 2014) the effect size value is
used to determine the effect of exogenous variables on endogenous variables. The effect size
value of 0.02 has a weak effect, 0.15 has a medium or moderate effect, 0.35 has a large effect.

88 Journal Piksel 8(2): 83 - 90 (September 2020)

 The Analysis of Factors that influences People Intention to Use in Electronic Money

Based on the data above, the PEOU variable has a effect size of 0.015, which means
that the effect of PEOU on ITU is weak, while the PU variable to ITU has a value of 0.165 which
means moderate effect. In other variables such as T to ITU has a effect size of 0.212 which
means it has a moderate effect, the influence of T to PEOU has a the highest value of 1.130
which means it has a large influence and for the influence of the T to PU it has a value of 1.036
which consider as large effect as well.
Table 9. Original Sample value
Paths Original Sample (O) Explanation
PEOU -> ITU -0.151 Negative
PU -> ITU 0.491 Positive
T -> ITU 0.459 Positive
T -> PEOU 0.728 Positive
T -> PU 0.713 Positive
Source: Research findings (2020)

Based on the data above, the original sample value in the PEOU-> ITU has a value of -
0.151 which means the relationship is negative because it reached -1 this can be triggered by
several things such as one of predictor with a higher value in this case is T -> PEOU with a
value of 0.728 and T -> PU with a value of 0.713. Meanwhile, the PU -> ITU path has a value of
0.491 which means positive because it reached +1 and T -> ITU which has a value of 0.459
which means positive. Overall, among the 5 paths coefficient there is one path that has a
negative value.

3.4. Hypothesis Testing

To analyze whether the hypothesis can be accepted or rejected, there is a standard to
follow, if the t-statistic value is > of 1.984 (N = 100, sig 5%) and the path coefficient value is
above 0.1 (positive) and p value < of 0.05 (α) then the hypothesis can be accepted. The
following is the value of each path.
Table 10. Hypothesis Testing
Paths Original Sample (O) T Statistic P Value
PU -> ITU 0,491 3,619 0,000
PEOU-> ITU -0,151 0,921 0,358
T -> ITU 0,459 3,766 0,000
T -> PU 0,713 13,278 0,000
T -> PEOU 0,728 12,381 0,000
Source: Research findings (2020)

Among the five hypothesis, there is one hypothesis that has a negative and non-
significant relationship, namely PEOU to ITU. PEOU to ITU has a minus value on original
sample -0,151 which mean the relationship has negative relationship and T statistic value lower
than 1.984 shows that the paths has a nonsignificant relationship. PEOU is defined as the
extent to which a person believes that using a special system will be free from effort or difficulty,
in this study PEOU has a value that does not meet criteria so it can be concluced that Electronic
Money users still find it difficult to use the electronic money during transactions.

4. Conclusion
Based on the research result all of the variables that have been used have effects but not all of
them has positive and significant relationship. The study concludes, i.e. (1) Trust and
Perceived Usefulness, in the SEM-PLS analysis this variable shows a significant influence
and has a positive relationship to intention to use so that means that the user consider
Trust and Perceived Usefulness as important elements on using Electronic Money, (2)
Perceived Ease of Use, this variable has an nonsignificant effect and has a negative
relationship with intention to use, Perceived ease of use defined as how a system when
used can be free from effort or difficulty. Therefore, it can be concluded that the User still
experience difficulty in using the Electronic Money. The recommendations for the Private
Consumer Bank is to create awareness that can be understand easily regarding how to
use the Electronic Money product. For the next researcher that has intention to do the
same research might add more variables and get the sample from different area to gain
new persepectives and more varied result.
*(Budiantara, Gunawan, and Utami 2019),(Djamal 2014),(Sarstedt, Ringle, and Hair 2017),(Talantis, Shin, and Severt 2020),
(Tileng and Loanata 2016),(J. Hair et al. 2014)

PIKSEL status is accredited by the Directorate General of Research Strengthening and Development No.
28/E/KPT/2019 with Indonesian Scientific Index (SINTA) journal-level of S5, starting from Volume 6 (1) 2018 to
Volume 10 (1) 2022.
89
Tasya Octaviani Fahiraningrum, Richard

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