STRUCTURAL EVALUATION

10.1 Code Analysis -- A major renovation of Patterson Hall would require that any and all
modifications to the existing structure meet the 2003 International Building Code (IBC) requirements
and applicable materials codes referenced within the IBC. Applicable code requirements are listed
below.

10.1.1 Snow Load -- A ground snow load of 39 pounds per square foot (psf) is required in
Spokane County with a minimum roof snow load of 30 psf. Snow drifting must be considered.
Building Category III and Importance Factor I = 1.1.

10.1.2 Floor Live Loads -- Various floor live load requirements based on anticipated use from
similar types of facilities are listed below. Live load reductions according to the 2003 me IBC
will be considered where allowed

Classrooms 40 psf
Offices 50 psf
Partition Loads 20 psf
Assembly Areas 100 psf
First Floor and Exit Floor Corridors 100 psf
Non-Exit Floor Corridors 80 psf
Stairs and Landings 100 psf
Storage Areas 125 psf
Mechanical Rooms 150 psf

10.1.3 Wind Design -- Basic wind speed of 85 MPH, exposure B, Building Category III,
Importance Factor I = 1.15,

10.1.4 Seismic Design -- Seismic Use Group II. Importance Factor I = 1.25, Site Class D
(assumed), Seismic Design Category C.

10.1.5 Frost Depth --24 inches.

10.1.6 Allowable Soil Pressure-3000 psf as noted on the existing drawings

10.2 Existing Framing -- The existing drawings were reviewed and an analysis of key components of
the structural system were analyzed for compliance with the current building codes. Any
deficiencies are noted in each section below.

10.2.1 Roof Framing – The roof is framed with a 1 ½ deep 20 gage steel deck spanning
between open web steel bar joist at 4”-0” on center. Steel wide flange beams framing to wide
flange columns support the steel joists. Total structural depth including deck, joists and beams
is 22 ½ inches. The roof surface is warped with an average roof slope of 1A'' per foot and a
minimum roof slope of 3/16" per foot at the north end.
Joist spans vary between 11'-0" and 23'-0". Joist capacity is the limiting criteria for allowable
roof loads. Typically, the joists have the capacity to support an 18 psf dead load and the
required 30 psf snow load. Dead load capacity is adequate to allow for a built-up roof, rigid
insulation, joist and deck weight, a layer of gypsum board, a suspended ceiling and typical
mechanical ducts and electrical conduit and lights. The existing steel beams are generally
adequate for the above loads. Four roof beams, between grids A and B and on grids 5, 6, 14
and 15, exceed the allowable beam capacity by three' percent. These roof beams should be
reinforced if any additional load is added in this area during the renovation.

Over the majority of the roof, no additional capacity is available for adding mechanical units.
Additional dead load capacity is available at the joists which span 11'-0", so units could be
added in those areas. Roof beams on either side of these joists do not have additional capacity
and would need to be reinforced. Reinforcement of the existing joists or the addition of wide
flange beams between joists would be required to support mechanical units placed on other
areas of the roof. A row of joists which span 22'-0" are adequate for the total required dead
load plus snow load. However, under a full snow load of 30 psf these joists exceed the
optimum deflection limit of span/360 by four percent. This would only present a problem if
ceiling or mechanical systems hung from these joists cannot accommodate the joist
deflection. Potential methods for reinforcing steel beams are discussed in a separate section
below.

10.2.2 Second and Third Floor Framing - The floor slab consists of a 5 ¼ total depth,
reinforced concrete slab poured over a 1 ¼ deep, 24 gage steel deck. The slab is a cofar slab by
Granco, a proprietary slab no longer manufactured, using steel deck with reinforcing welded
to the high flutes of the deck for bending capacity of the slab. Additional steel reinforcement
was added near the top of the slab over each beam. Total weight of the floor, including the
concrete slab, metal deck, floor finishes, fire proofing, ceiling and an allowance for mechanical
and electrical systems, is estimated at 72 psf. Apparent live load capacity of this slab is 100 psf.
See the Code Analysis section above for required live loads. The slab has the capacity to
support typical classroom or office loads including partitions and corridor loads required by
the current code. Additional capacity is not present for storage room or library floor loads. Per
the Granco literature, the existing slab has a two-hour fire resistance rating.

The slab is supported by steel wide flange beams spanning between steel wide flange girders
supported by wide flange columns. Cofar shear connector loops were welded to the steel
beams and girders to develop composite action between the steel shapes and the slab. Actual
percentage of composite action was not able to be determined and we assumed the beams
were shored when the slab was poured. Total structural depth of the slab and beams is 26 ¼ "
inches.

As noted on the existing drawings and confirmed by analysis, the beams and girders were
designed for a 60 psf classroom live load plus a 20 psf partition load. Live load reduction was
apparently not considered in the original design. A 20 percent live load reduction is allowed
for beams spanning more than 34 feet and a 36 percent live load reduction is allowed for the
girders. Based on current live load reductions allowed, the beams and girders can support a
total live load of 100 psf. Additional capacity is not present for storage room or library floor
loads. Potential methods for reinforcing steel beams to accommodate larger floor live loads
are discussed in a separate section below.
10.3 Columns -- Existing interior columns are 8" deep by 8" wide "I" shaped wide flange steel
columns located at the intersection of grid lines. Welded column splices occur one inch below the
top of stab at each floor. Including allowable floor live load reductions, the interior columns are
adequate for a floor live load of 90 psf at each floor and a roof snow load of 30 psf. With the
current floor plan configuration of a central corridor loop flanked by classrooms, columns support
an average floor live load less than the 90 psf. Potential methods for increasing column strength
for larger floor live loads from assembly rooms, libraries and storage rooms are discussed in a
separate section below.

Exterior columns arc square or rectangular shaped steel tube columns located at 11'-0" on center
around the perimeter of the building. The outside face of the tube column aligns with the outside
face of the exterior masonry walls. Precast column covers bolted to the steel columns conceal this
feature. Steel tube beams welded to the inside face of the columns support the roof joists and the
floor slab at the east and west walls of phases I and ll. At the north and south walls, roof beams at
22'-0" on center are welded to columns at each grid line and floor beams are welded to every
column. Column size changes above the second floor at the north and south walls. The existing
drawings do not address the actual column splice detail or location. Including allowable floor live
load reductions, all exterior columns can support a live load of 100 psf minimum at each floor in
addition to a 30 psf roof snow load. The columns at the east, west and north walls have additional
capacity 1n excess of a 150 psf floor live load.

10.4 Walls -- Existing exte1ior walls are 10" reinforced brick masonry consisting of an exterior
and interior wythe of brick masonry with 2 ¾ " +/- of cast in place grout between. Vertical and
horizontal reinforcement is noted <:>n the drawings and varies from floor to floor and wall
location at the perimeter of the building. The existing drawings do not indicate the type or spacing
of joint reinforcement connecting the masonry wythes. Existing building specifications that may
provide this information arc unavailable. For our analysis, we have assumed the cast in place
concrete fill provides adequate joint reinforcement to develop composite action between the
exterior and interior masonry wythes.

Typically, the exterior walls do not support gravity loads. Masonry wall panels 8'-4" long are
centered on the exterior columns and built around the existing building frame described in the
column section above. These walls span vertically 14 feet maximum from the top of the ground
floor retaining wall to the second-floor level, from second floor to third floor and from third floor
to the roof. Reinforcement doweled from the wall into the slab at the second and third floor slabs
and embed plates at the top of the masonry wall welded to a steel angle at the roof provide a
connection between the wall and the building frame to resist wind and earthquake loads. Full
height windows and spandrel panels occur between each masonry wall segment eliminating the
need for any brick lintels. These walls are reinforced adequate1y to resist current wind and
earthquake loads perpendicular to the wall. Wind and earthquake forces parallel to the wall will
be addressed in Lateral Systems.

Walls at the east and west stairs span between stair landings and support the roof joists. These
walls are reinforced adequately to resist current wind and earthquake loads perpendicular to the
wall. The wall from the second-floor intermediate landing to the roof spans vertically 20 feet. Any
openings cut into this portion of the wall will require additional jamb reinforcement on each side
of the opening. Potential methods to add an opening in the wall are discussed in a separate
section below. Wind and earthquake forces parallel to the wall will be addressed in Lateral
Systems.

10.5 Foundations - Existing foundations consist of isolated concrete pad footings at interior
columns and continuous concrete foundation walls and footings at the exterior walls and interior
bearing walls at the elevator, mechanical area and stairs. Interior footings are typically located 8
inches below the top of slab and exterior footings are typically located at 6 inches below the top of
slab. The ground floor slab is a reinforced concrete slab placed on top of a 3" concrete waste slab.
Interior pad footings can support a live load of 100 psf at each floor in addition to a 30 psf roof
snow load. Live load reductions have been considered for floor live loads 100 psf or less.

The first floor is typically 4'-0" below exterior grade and 6'-6" below exterior grade at the
mechanical rooms on the north side. Exterior concrete foundation walls and footings were
designed
as retaining walls to resist the soil placed above the ground floor. All exterior columns are
embedded in the concrete retaining wall and the column base plates bear on a grout bed directly
on the footings. Additional reinforcement was provided in the continuous exterior footings for 8
lineal feet at each exterior column location. Based on distributing column loads 8 feet along the
footing the calculated soil bearing pressure exceeds the allowable soil bearing pressure stated on
the existing drawings by 46 percent at the south wall and 16 percent at the north wall. Assuming
the wall and continuous footing are adequately reinforced to distribute the column loads the 11
feet between columns, the footings at the south wall exceed the allowable soil bearing pressure
by 34 percent. Using this same analysis, the footings along the north wall do not exceed the
allowable soil bearing pressure. A visual inspection of the building did not reveal cracking that
would indicate settlement due to au overstressed foundation. If the loads to the exterior columns
are increased, the existing footings should be underpinned with new footings. A geotechnical
engineer could also be retained to examine the existing soil below the footings to determine if a
higher allowable soil bearing pressure is warranted.

Water filtration into the building from the soils below was apparently a concern in the design and
construction of the existing building. Exact concerns are unknown without a geotechnical report.
At issue could be a high-water table but more likely is perched water on the basalt layer below the
building that does not drain. An extensive foundation drain system is in place below the interior
footprint of the building and around the exterior foundations. Additional measures to prevent
water infiltration included a 3-inch unreinforced waste slab at the interior poured between the
footings and a waterproof membrane placed over the top of the waste slab and footings.
Mechanical, electrical and structural system modifications which occur below the slab will damage
the waterproof membrane. A geotechnical engineer should be consulted to determine the impact
of cutting the waterproof membrane.

10.6 Lateral Systems -- Lateral systems are used in buildings to resist wind and earthquake
forces. As noted on the existing drawings, lateral forces are resisted by exterior reinforced brick
masonry shear walls. As the original building was constructed in two phases, the reinforced brick
walls between phase I and phase II were considered shear walls for this analysis. Vertical and
horizontal reinforcement in the walls, as noted on the existing drawings, meet the 2003 me
requirements for an Intermediate Reinforced Shear Wall (R=4). The existing walls are adequate to
resist wind and earthquake forces required per the 2003 IBC.
Modifications to the existing building cou1d involve removal of some of the existing walls. Walls
on the east and west ends of the building and the east and west walls between phases I and II are
more heavily loaded than the north and south walls. Additional capacity is available in the third-
floor walls, so removal of 50 percent maximum of the third-floor shear wall panels is possible
assuming whole panels are removed. Other walls may be strengthened by pouring a concrete wall
adjacent to the existing masonry wall or by using shotcrete on the surface of the existing wall.
Dowels drilled into the existing masonry wall would be required to attach the new wall.

Lateral forces are delivered to the shear walls through horizontal roof and floor diaphragms. At
the roof, the steel roof deck acts as the horizontal diaphragm. The existing drawings indicate weld
size and spacing of the deck to each roof joist and to perimeter roof framing members. However,
the existing drawings do not indicate side lap connection type or spacing between each roof deck
panel. The amount of side lap fastening between deck panels is the limiting criteria of the capacity
of the roof diaphragm. Roof diaphragm values for the Granco steel roof deck are not available. A
similar product by another steel deck manufacturer was reviewed. Assuming side lap connections
only at each joist, the deck has adequate capacity to develop the wind and earthquake forces
required in the north and south direction but not in the east and west direction. Existing side lap
connections can be visually determined after removal of the existing roofing and insulation.
Additional side lap connections can be made to increase the capacity of the roof deck diaphragm
as required. Small new roof deck openings within the interior of the bui1ding can also be
accommodated by additional deck connections if required by analysis and existing deck
connection conditions.

At the perimeter of the building, the roof deck is welded to steel angles. Embed plates at the top
of the masonry wall welded to these steel angles provide a connection between the wall and the
building frame to resist wind and earthquake loads. Along the east and west walls, steel tubes and
angles welded to the columns tie the roof system to the building frame.

The reinforced concrete slab at the second and third floors is an adequate horizontal diaphragm.
Reinforcement doweled from the wall and bent into the second and third floor slabs provides a
Collection between the wall and the building frame to resist wind and earthquake loads. Steel
tubes along the east and west ends of the building and continuous steel reinforcement at the
exterior slab edge tie the floor system together. The floor diaphragm has adequate capacity to
accommodate small new openings within the interior of the building.

10.7 Precast Elements -- A precast concrete parapet surrounds the perimeter of the roof and
precast concrete column covers are attached to each building column. These precast elements are
reinforced. The precast parapet pieces were formed in approximately 11'-0" lengths. Two embed
plates cast in each piece are welded to each building column. The precast column covers were
formed in lengths which do not correspond to building finish floor heights. At the free-standing
columns north and south of the exterior stairs, the column covers consist of two pieces joined at
the center of the column face. Column covers are bolted to each building column at a maximum
spacing of 6'-0" on center with a minimum of two connections per column. There does not appear
to be any connection between each precast parapet element or between the precast parapet
elements and the column covers.

The majority of the precast elements appear to be structurally sound. One column cover at the
northwest comer of phase II (grid F and 12) shows extensive water damage. The reinforcement is
corroded and the concrete has spalled completely off one edge. The precast column cover, at the
free-standing column at the south west comer of phase I, has a vertical crack approximately 1'-0"
long running parallel to the cover joint. At the wall to precast column and parapet interface along
the north and east sides of phase II, there is some discoloration which could indicate water
damage. A closer inspection would be required to determine if it was surface discoloration or if
the precast was damaged.

Although connected to the building columns, the precast elements are not required for the
stability of the building structure and could be removed. Another method would be required to
weather proof the columns and the top of the masonry wall. If the precast elements are to
remain, the damaged pieces should be repaired or replaced.

10.8 Stairs -- The stairs appear to be cast in place concrete with brick pavers. Design
requirements for stairs have not changed since the original design of the building.

10.9 Consideration of Potential Future Modifications -- Based on discussions with NAC

10.9.1 Removal of Existing Exterior Masonry Walls -- One option to provide flexibility
of interior spaces and exterior fenestration is the removal of the existing brick masonry
walls. Except for the stair wells at the east and west ends of the building, the masonry
walls do not support the gravity loads of the building. We anticipate using steel studs and
brick veneer at the exterior to infill between the existing floor and roof framing. The
existing concrete foundation wall is 10 inches wide at the footing but reduced to 7 inches
wide at the top. A brick ledger angle or a concrete ledge will be required to support the
veneer. At the stair wells, a new beam and column system will be required to support the
roof and floor framing.

Braced frames constructed of tube steel members placed diagonally between existing
building columns from the roof to the floor and between each floor level would become
the new lateral system. To minimize an increase in roof and floor diaphragm stresses,
interior braced frames in the north and south direction will be required. Quantity and
length of exterior braced frames will be governed by being able to adequately connect the
existing columns to the existing foundation walls for horizontal and uplift forces. At least
50 percent of the exterior wall will be required to be braced frames at the first and second
floors, based on frames a minimum of 22'-0' long. Interior braced frames in the east and
west direction will also be required. An additional concrete wall will need to be doweled
to and poured

adjacent to the existing exterior foundation walls to provide weight to resist uplift forces.
The existing elevator shaft and machine room are constructed of concrete walls.
Depending on modifications required to these areas, these walls could be included as
shear walls to reduce the number of braced frames required.

10.9.2 Providing New Openings in the Existing Masonry Walls -- Renovations often
require new openings cut into the existing walls to accommodate larger windows or new
mechanical systems. Steel angles or channels would be required at the top of each
opening to support the weight of the masonry above. A steel tube or channel supported
at each floor and at the floor or roof above would be required at the jamb on each side of
the opening. Openings cut into existing masonry shear walls that remain may be
strengthened by pouring a concrete wall adjacent to the existing masonry wall or by using
shotcrete on the surface of the existing wall.

10.9.3 Infill of Existing Wall, Roof or Floor Openings -- Changes to the mechanical
system and floor plan often require existing openings in the walls, roof deck and floor
slabs be filled to match the adjacent surfaces. Wall openings can be infilled with studs or
with masonry construction to match the existing wall. New roof deck matching the depth
of the existing deck would be used to infill existing roof openings. A new concrete slab
poured on steel deck would be used to infill existing floor openings. Total slab thickness
would be determined based on load and fire rating requirements. Additional beams or
joists may be required to support the deck or slab depending on the existing opening size.
Existing roof and floor framing adjacent to existing openings were designed for a reduced
load and may require reinforcement. Potential methods for reinforcing steel beams to
accommodate larger loads are discussed in a separate section below.

10.9.4 Providing New Openings in the Existing Floor Slabs and Roof -- Changes to the
mechanical system and floor plan often require new openings in the existing roof deck and
floor slabs. New openings through the roof deck or floor slab which do not cut any
supporting structural members will be reinforced with supplementary steel framing
placed below the metal deck and connected to the existing steel framing. Larger openings
which require the removal of structural supports will require the addition of beams,
columns and footings around the opening to resupport the remaining existing framing.

10.9.5 Floor Infill between Phase I and Phase II -To increase useable square footage
within the existing building footprint, new second and third floor areas may be added by
enclosing the open area between phase I and phase Il. New floor beams will be supported
by the existing columns which are adequate for the additional floor loads. Larger footings
will need to be provided below the existing columns.

10.9.6 New Mechanical Systems - Current mechanical systems are located on the north
side of the building in mechanical rooms at the ground floor. Separate mechanical rooms
were provided for phase I and phase II. Finish floor elevation in the mechanical rooms is
2'-6" lower than the typical first floor elevation. A 7'-4" by 8'-0" mechanical shaft open
through the second and third floors is located west of the west elevator. To accommodate
new mechanical systems, the existing rooms can be enlarged. New concrete retaining
walls and footings would be required at the room perimeter to maintain the lower finish
floor elevation in the mechanical area. Relocating units to the second or third floors or to
the roof will require strengthening of the existing structural system to support the new
equipment. Potential methods for reinforcing existing structural framing members are
discussed in a separate section below.

10.9.7 Increasing the Capacity of the Existing Structural System - As discussed in previous
sections, the existing roof framing is inadequate to support heavier loads from snow
drifting against taller elements or from roof mounted mechanical equipment. The existing
second and third floor slabs and floor framing are not adequate to support the 100 psf exit
corridor load required at the second floor or heavier loads required for assembly areas,
storage rooms and libraries.

Existing structural framing can be strengthened to support heavier loads. The addition of
new beams between existing joists and below an existing roof deck or an existing concrete
slab on metal deck decreases the span of the deck or slab and increases the amount of
load that can be supported. When beams are added between existing beams, the amount
of load supported by the existing framing is reduced which results in reserve capacity in
the existing member. Steel plates, steel channels and "T" shaped steel members can be
welded to the bottom flange of existing wide flange beams to increase beam capacity.
Steel plates provide the least additional capacity. Steel "T" shapes will provide the most
additional capacity but will reduce the available clearance below the beam.

Column capacity can be increased by the addition of an adjacent column on the same
footing or by welding steel cover plates to the column. New columns and footings placed
below existing beams is another method used to provide additional structural capacity in a
beam. Footings which require additional capacity can be underpinned with larger concrete
footings. Removal of existing columns will require new columns and footings to resupport
the existing beam.