In which of the following structures of the oral cavity would

taste buds be localized in the highest concentration? a. Also called enteroendocrine cells

a. Fungiform papillae b. Have many microvilli covering their basal surfaces

b. Gingiva c. Absorb lipids by active transport

c. Filiform papillae d. Synthesize triglycerides from absorbed lipids

d. Ventral surface of the tongue e. Undergo mitosis at tips of villi and are sloughed off into
crypts D
e. Vallate papillae E A 52-year-old man is diagnosed with a carcinoid after an
Certain antibiotic therapies slow the replacement of the cells appendectomy. The enteroendocrine cells producing this
lining the small intestine. This may cause the loss of what disorder differ from goblet cells in which of the following?
tissue type?
a. The direction of release of secretion
a. Ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium
b. The use of exocytosis for release of secretory product
b. Simple cuboidal epithelium
c. Their presence in the small and large intestines
c. Simple columnar epithelium
d. The origin from a crypt stem cell
d. Pseudostratified columnar epithelium with stereocilia
e. Their location in a simple columnar epithelium A
e. Stratified squamous, nonkeratinized epithelium C A 14-month-old girl is brought to the pediatric dentistry clinic
The teniae coli of the large intestine represent an organ- because her erupted deciduous teeth are opalescent with
specific specialization of which layer of the intestinal tract wall? fractured and chipped surfaces. X-rays reveal bulb-shaped
crowns, thin roots, and enlarged central cavities. Tissue
a. Epithelium immediately surrounding one tooth's central cavity is biopsied
and prepared for histology, which reveals irregular, widely
b. Lamina propria spaced tubules. Which of the following applies to this irregular
tissue layer?
c. Muscularis mucosa
a. It has a composition similar to that of bone and is produced
d. Muscularis externa by cells similar in appearance to osteocytes.

e. Serosa D b. It is formed on a noncollagenous matrix that is resorbed

Which of the following would most likely result from a after mineralization by the same cells that secreted it.
reduction in the number of Paneth cells?
c. It contains abundant nerves, microvasculature, and loose
a. Thinning of the glycocalyx connective tissue.

b. Reduced breakdown of fats d. It consists of mineralized collagen secreted by cells derived

from the neural crest.
c. Elevated levels of undigested proteins
e. It is the site of inflammation in diabetic patients and is
d. Decreased mucus in the intestine sensitive to vitamin C deficiency. D
A 39-year-old woman presents with dyspnea, fatigue, pallor,
e. Increased number of intestinal bacteria E tachycardia, anosmia, and diarrhea. Laboratory results are:
A medical student on a rotation in the pathology laboratory is hematocrit 32% (normal 36.1%-44.3%), MCV 102 fL (normal
given an unlabeled microscope slide with tissue provided by a 78-98 fL), 0.3% reticulocytes (normal 0.5%-2.0%), 95 pg/mL
gastroenterologist from a cancer patient she is attending. The vitamin B12 (normal 200-900 pg/mL), and an abnormal stage I
mucosa and submucosa are poorly preserved, with only the of the Schilling test. Autoantibodies are detected against a cell
thick muscularis well-stained, showing striated fibers. The slide type located in one region of the GI tract. In which regions
most likely shows a biopsy of which region of the GI tract? would those cells be found?

a. Pyloric sphincter a. Esophagus

b. Esophagus b. Body of the stomach

c. Colon c. Pyloric region of the stomach

d. Corpus of the stomach d. Cardiac region of the stomach

e. IleumB e. Duodenum B
Diarrhea may result if which of the following organs fails to Skeletal muscle may occur in the muscularis externa at the
carry out its role in absorbing water from the feces? junction between which pair of organs?

a. Anal canal A
Cecum and appendix
b. Cecum
B
c. Colon Duodenum and jejunum

d. Jejunum C
Esophagus and stomach
e. Duodenum C
Which of the following is true of the absorptive cells of the D
small intestine? Ileum and cecum
 B
E Microvilli
Jejunum and ileum
C
F Peyer's patches
Pharynx and esophagus
D
G Pyloric sphincter
Stomach and duodenum F
Which type of lingual papillae lacks taste buds? E
Teniae coli B
A Permanent circular folds (plicae circulares) are characteristic
Circumvallate structural features of which organ?

B A
Filiform Anal canal

C B
Foliate Cecum

D C
Fungiform B Colon
Which letter in Figure 15-6 corresponds to the boundary
between the epithelial and mesenchymal derivatives, whose D
interactions lead to tooth development? G Esophagus

E
Pharynx

F
Small intestine

G
Stomach F
Which description is true of the appendix?

A
Which organ typically contains the most goblet cells in the Blind-ended evagination of the ileum
mucosa covering its villi?
B
A Few lymphoid nodules in its walls
Anal canal
C
B Shallow intestinal glands
Cecum
D
C Teniae coli
Colon
E
D Short villi C
Duodenum Select the adult dental formula.

E A
Ileum 1 incisor, 1 canine, 3 premolars, 3 molars

F B
Jejunum 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars

G C
Stomach E 2 incisors, 2 canines, 2 premolars, 2 molars
Which letter in Figure 15-6 corresponds to the cells that form
dentin? H D
2 incisors, 1 canine, 3 premolars, 2 molars

E
3 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars, 3 molars B

Which structure(s) promote(s) nutrient absorption by

increasing the internal surface area of the small intestine?

A
Goblet cells
Which organ is shown in Figure 15-9? G Capillaries that nourish the duodenal mucosal epithelial cells
are embedded in which tissue type?

A
Dense regular connective tissue

B
Dense irregular connective tissue

C
Glandular epithelia of Brunner's glands

D
Loose connective tissue

E
A Simple columnar epithelium D
Anal canal Which description is true of the muscularis mucosa of the
upper esophagus?
B
Colon A
Composed of skeletal muscle
C
Duodenum B
Innervated by postganglionic autonomic fibers
D
Fundic stomach C
Found in the submucosa
E
Ileum D
Intermediate filaments composed of cytokeratin
F
Jejunum E
Extends into leaflike villi
G
Pyloric stomach G F
Which description is true of the mucosal glands of the pylorus? Penetrated Brunner's glands

A G
Resemble those in the body of the stomach Contains the submucosal plexus B
A cascade of interactions between which two tissues is
B primarily responsible for tooth formation?
Abundant parietal cells at their bases
A
C Blood and ectomesenchyme
Secrete more pepsinogen than do fundic glands
B
D Blood and epithelium
Shallower pits than the fundic glands
C
E Ectomesenchyme and epithelium
Secrete mainly mucus E
Which letter in Figure 15-5 corresponds to a tissue formed by D
odontoblasts? C Ectomesenchyme and nerve

E
Epithelium and nerve C
Which description is true of Brunner's glands?

A
Characteristic components of the jejunal wall

B
Produce a serous secretion that is rich in digestive enzymes

C
Found in the submucosal layer

D
Empty their secretions into the lacteals

E
Composed of collections of goblet cells C
Pernicious anemia can result from insufficient intrinsic factor
secretion by which cells?

A
Bone marrow reticular cells
 B Which letter in Figure 15-6 corresponds to the ameloblasts?
Bone marrow reticulocytes D

C
Mucous cells of Brunner's glands

D
Enteroendocrine cells

E
Polychromatophilic erythroblasts

F
Parietal cells
The ectomesenchyme located in the region of developing teeth
G is derived from which embryonic tissue?
Kidney fibroblasts F
Which organ is shown in Figure 15-7? G A
Oral endoderm

B
Mesoderm

C
Oral ectoderm

D
Neural crest

E
Neural ectoderm D
Which letter in Figure 15-5 corresponds to the periodontal
ligament? F

A
Appendix

B
Cardiac stomach

C
Colon

D
Lower esophagus

E
Pyloric stomach

F
Rectum

G
Upper esophagus G
Which description is true of the wall of the stomach?

A
Simple squamous epithelium covering its outer surface

B
Temporary folds called plicae circulares when the stomach is
empty

C
Stratified squamous epithelium covering its inner surface

D
Three layers of skeletal muscle in the muscularis externa

E
Lack of a definitive submucosa D
Which organ is shown in Figure 15-8? C Which letter in Figure 15-5 corresponds to a tooth component
derived from oral ectoderm? B

QUESTION SET I.  Concentric tissue layers of

A
the GI tract.
Colon
1. The term mucosa (mucous membrane) means:
B      a.  a nonkeratinized stratified squamous
Cardiac stomach
epithelium.
C      b.  an epithelium which contains mucus-
Duodenum secreting goblet cells.
D
     c.  a body surface onto which mucous glands
Fundic stomach secrete their product.
     d.  the lining of the GI tract.
E      e.  the moist surface of any hollow organ that
Pyloric stomach
communicates with the outside world.
F
Rectum 2. Every mucosa consists of:
     a.  a simple epithelium.
G
Upper esophagus D      b.  a stratified epithelium.
     c.  a surface epithelium together with associated
Which organ is shown in Figure 15-10? glands.
     d.  a surface epithelial layer, with or without
glands, together with an underlying layer of loose
connective tissue.
A      e.  a surface epithelial layer, with or without
Anal canal
glands, together with an underlying layer of loose
B connective tissue, and a layer of smooth muscle.
Cardiac stomach
3. The connective tissue layer of a mucous
C
Colon membrane is named:
     a.  the submucosa.
D      b.  subcutaneous tissue.
Duodenum
     c.  the papillary layer.
E      d.  the reticular layer.
Fundic stomach      e.  lamina propria.
F
Ileum 4. Lamina propria typically differs from ordinary
loose connective tissue by including:
G      a.  abundant adipose tissue.
Pyloric stomach C      b.  mucous glands.
     c.  numerous white blood cells.
     d.  serous glands.
     e.  densely interwoven collagen fibers.      c.  larger blood vessels.
     d.  thicker and more prominent collagen fibers.
5. Besides loose connective tissue with numerous      e.  all of the above.
lymphocytes, lamina propria may contain:
     a.  a network of capillaries. 12. Which of the following occurs within the
     b.  some nerve and smooth muscle fibers. submucosa in most regions of the GI tract:
     c.  lymph vessels.      a.  several layers of smooth muscle.
     d.  lymph nodules.      b.  nerves and parasympathetic ganglia of the
     e.  all of the above. submucosal (Meissner�s) plexus.
     c.  the myenteric (Auerbach�s) plexus.
6. Lamina propria differs from dermis by having:      d.  relatively few blood vessels.
     a.  more adipocytes.      e.  numerous lymph nodules.
     b.  more densely packed collagen fibers.
     c.  more lymphocytes. 13. In most regions of the GI tract (exceptions are
     d.  fewer capillaries. oral cavity and stomach), smooth muscle fibers of
     e.  fewer macrophages and mast cells. the muscularis are arranged into:
     a.  inner circular and outer longitudinal layers.
7. The epithelium lining the entire GI tract is:      b.  outer circular and inner longitudinal layers.
     a.  stratified squamous, nonkeratinized, for      c.  circular and longitudinal layers whose
protection. relative position varies from region to region.
     b.  simple squamous, for rapid diffusion across      d.  an interwoven meshwork of circular and
the epithelium. longitudinal muscle fibers.
     c.  simple columnar, for secretion and active      e.  bundles aligned along three mutually
absorption. perpendicular directions.
     d.  simple cuboidal, like that of most other
tubular structures. 14. The myenteric (Auerbach�s) plexus is located:
     e.  regionally specialized for regionally localized      a.  just beneath the epithelium of the mucosa, in
functions. lamina propria.
     b.  within lamina propria, adjacent to the
8. Along most of the GI tract (except for the oral muscularis mucosae.
cavity and lower anal canal), the basal boundary of      c.  in submucosa.
the mucosa is marked by:      d.  between the layers of smooth muscle in the
     a.  a thin and often inconspicuous layer of muscularis.
smooth muscle, the muscularis mucosae.      e.  in serosa and/or adventitia.
     b.  a thick layer of smooth muscle.
     c.  the myenteric plexus. 15. The myenteric (Auerbach�s) plexus
     d.  fibrous connective tissue of serosa or does not contain:
adventitia.      a.  postganglionic axons from sympathetic
     e.  the mesothelium. ganglia.
     b.  postganglionic axons from parasympathetic
9. The layer of tissue beneath the mucosa is called ganglia.
the:      c.  nerve cell bodies in sympathetic ganglia.
     a.  hypodermis.      d.  nerve cell bodies in parasympathetic ganglia.
     b.  muscularis externa.      e.  preganglionic parasympathetic axons.
     c.  serosa.
     d.  submucosa. 16. For an organ lying within a body cavity, the
     e.  adventitia. tissue which forms the deepest layer (i.e., farthest
from the inner core or lumen of the organ) is called
10. Submucosa of the digestive tract consists the:
primarily of:      a.  mucosa.
     a.  loose fibrous connective tissue.      b.  serosa.
     b.  adipose connective tissue.      c.  stroma.
     c.  dense fibrous connective tissue.      d.  parenchyma.
     d.  connective tissue with interwoven bundles of      e.  adventitia.
smooth muscle.
     e.  lymphatic tissue. 17. For an organ embedded within the body wall,
the tissue which forms the deepest layer (i.e.,
11. The submucosa differs from lamina propria by farthest from the inner core or lumen of the organ)
having: is called the:
     a.  fewer white blood cells.      a.  mucosa.
     b.  less lymphatic tissue.      b.  serosa.
     c.  stroma.      e.  wrong answer.
     d.  parenchyma.
     e.  adventitia. 22. Tonsils consist of:
     a.  ordinary connective tissue with many
18. Adventitia consists of: vascular sinusoids.
     a.  surface epithelium.      b.  adipose connective tissue.
     b.  adipose connective tissue.      c.  serous glandular tissue with vascular
     c.  ordinary connective tissue. sinusoids.
     d.  lymphatic connective tissue.      d.  mucous glandular tissue and stroma.
     e.  muscle tissue.      e.  lymphatic connective tissue with epithelially
lined crypts.
19. The serosal surface exposed to a body cavity
consists of: 23. Tonsils occur in each of the following sites
     a.  endothelium. EXCEPT:
     b.  stroma.      a.  in the soft palate.
     c.  mesentery.      b.  in the pharynx.
     d.  mesothelium.      c.  in the posterior tongue.
     e.  parenchyma.      d.  in the esophagus.

20. Mesothelium consists of: 24. The crypts of lingual and palatine tonsils are
     a.  stratified squamous epithelium. lined by:
     b.  simple squamous epithelium.      a.  simple squamous epithelium.
     c.  simple cuboidal epithelium.      b.  stratified squamous, keratinized epithelium.
     d.  simple columnar epithelium.      c.  stratified squamous, nonkeratinized
     e.  stratified cuboidal epithelium. epithelium.
     d.  simple cuboidal epithelium.
21. The mesentery and lining of the peritoneal      e.  ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.
cavity, like the outermost layer of the digestive
tract, consist of: 25. The crypts of pharyngeal tonsils are lined by:
     a.  a mucous membrane, or mucosa.      a.  simple squamous epithelium.
     b.  a serous membrane, or serosa.      b.  stratified squamous, keratinized epithelium.
     c.  a submucous membrane, or submucosa.      c.  stratified squamous, nonkeratinized
     d.  an endothelial membrane, or endothelium. epithelium.
     e.  a plasma membrane.      d.  simple cuboidal epithelium.
     e.  ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium.

26. The epithelium lining tonsillar crypts may be

obscured by numerous cells migrating through it.
  These cells are:
     a.  neutrophils.
     b.  lymphocytes.
     c.  mast cells.
     d.  macrophages.
Return to top of page.      e.  fibroblasts.

27. Lymphocytes proliferate in relatively permanent

sites in connective tissue which contain germinal
QUESTION SET II.  Special features of the GI centers surrounded by dense concentrations of
tract. incoming and outgoing cells. These sites are called:
     a.  sinusoids.
Point to an answer.  Green color and bold indicates      b.  crypts.
"CORRECT."  Red color and italics indicates      c.  villi.
"Wrong answer."  (NOTE:  In cases where all of      d.  lymph nodules.
the responses are correct, only "all of the above"      e.  lymph nodes.
will be indicated as correct.)
28. The germinal centers of lymph nodules function
X.  Sample question. as sites where:
     a.  wrong answer.      a.  previous inflammation has not yet been
     b.  wrong answer. resolved.
     c.  CORRECT answer.      b.  worn out lymphocytes are replaced.
     d.  wrong answer.      c.  lymphocytes are secreted across mucous
membranes. 36. Folds in the mucosa of the stomach are called:
     d.  antigens are secreted into blood.      a.  rugae.
     e.  activated lymphocytes proliferate.      b.  plicae.
     c.  villi.
29. In the digestive system, lymph nodules occur:      d.  pits.
     a.  concentrated in the tonsils.      e.  crypts.
     b.  concentrated in the appendix.
     c.  scattered in lamina propria throughout the GI 37. Permanent folds in the wall of the intestine,
tract. containing a core of submucosa, are called:
     d.  concentrated in Peyer�s patches.      a.  rugae.
     e.  all of the above.      b.  plicae.
     c.  villi.
30. The papillae covering most of the top surface of      d.  pits.
the human tongue (the tips of these papillae are      e.  crypts.
whitish in life) are called:
     a.  tonsils. 38. Microscopic finger-like projections of the
     b.  fungiform papillae. intestinal mucosa are called intestinal:
     c.  filiform papillae.      a.  rugae.
     d.  circumvallate papillae.      b.  plicae.
     e.  dermal papillae.      c.  villi.
     d.  pits.
31. The whitish tips of filiform papillae consist of:      e.  crypts.
     a.  keratinized epithelial tissue.
     b.  collagen. 39. Microscopic indentations in the epithelial
     c.  mucous. surface of the stomach are called gastric:
     d.  taste buds.      a.  rugae.
     e.  goblet cells.      b.  plicae.
     c.  villi.
32. Taste buds occur most commonly:      d.  pits.
     a.  on the tips of filiform papillae.      e.  crypts.
     b.  on the sides of fungiform and circumvallate
papillae. 40. Simple tubular glands within the mucosa of the
     c.  in the crypts of lingual tonsils. small or large intestine are called intestinal:
     d.  only on the tip of the tongue.      a.  rugae.
     e.  anywhere in the stratified squamous      b.  plicae.
epithelium of the tongue.      c.  villi.
     d.  pits.
33. Tubular invaginations (crypts, pits or glands)      e.  crypts.
occurring within the mucosa (embedded in lamina
propria), are not characteristic of the: 41. Lymphatic vessels within intestinal villi, which
     a.  esophagus transport lipids to the circulatory system, are called:
     b.  stomach      a.  capillaries.
     c.  duodenum      b.  ductules.
     d.  ileum and jejunum      c.  canaliculi.
     e.  colon      d.  lacteals.
     e.  crypts.
34. Submucosal glands occur in the submucosa of
the: 42. Taenia coli are:
     a.  esophagus.      a.  discrete bands of longitudinal muscle along
     b.  stomach. the large intestine.
     c.  jejunum.      b.  crypts or mucosal glands of the large
     d.  ileum. intestine.
     e.  colon.      c.  submucosal glands of the large intestine.
     d.  Compact regions of lymphoid tissue in the
35. Submucosal glands also occur in the: intestine.
     a.  duodenum.      e.  sites of mucosal folding into the lumen of the
     b.  ileum. large intestine.
     c.  jejunum.
     d.  appendix.
     e.  colon.
 
mucosal surface, as in small intestine and colon?
Return to top of page.      a.  simple squamous
     b.  stratified squamous
     c.  simple columnar
QUESTION SET III.  Regional differences along      d.  stratified columnar
the GI tract.      e.  stratified cuboidal

Point to an answer.  Green color and bold indicates 46. Which of the following epithelial types is most
"CORRECT."  Red color and italics indicates closely associated with active secretion at a
"Wrong answer."  (NOTE:  In cases where all of mucosal surface, as in the stomach lining?
the responses are correct, only "all of the above"      a.  simple squamous
will be indicated as correct.)      b.  stratified squamous
     c.  simple columnar
X.  Sample question.      d.  stratified columnar
     a.  wrong answer.      e.  stratified cuboidal
     b.  wrong answer.
     c.  CORRECT answer. 47. Choose the best description of the fundic
     d.  wrong answer. stomach.
     e.  wrong answer.      a.  Mucosa without villi, but thick and densely
packed with tubular glands containing several
43. Choose the best description of the esophagus. distinct cell types; epithelium apparently consisting
     a.  Nonkeratinized stratified squamous of a single cell type lining surface and pits; lamina
epithelium; relatively unspecialized lamina propria; propria with numerous lymph nodules.
submucosa with scattered mucous glands.      b.  Mucosa without villi, but thick and densely
     b.  Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; packed with tubular glands containing several
relatively unspecialized lamina propria; submucosa distinct cell types; epithelium apparently consisting
with scattered serous glands. of a single cell type lining surface and pits; lamina
     c.  Nonkeratinized stratified squamous propria inconspicuous.
epithelium; lamina propria with numerous lymph      c.  Mucosa with villi, thick and densely packed
nodules; submucosa with scattered mucous glands. with tubular glands containing several distinct cell
     d.  Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium; types; epithelium apparently consisting of a single
lamina propria with numerous lymph nodules; are cell type lining surface and pits; lamina propria
submucosa with scattered mucous glands. inconspicuous.
     e.  Keratinized stratified squamous epithelium;      d.  Mucosa with villi, thick and densely packed
relatively unspecialized lamina propria; submucosa with tubular glands containing several distinct cell
with scattered mucous glands. types; epithelium with scattered goblet cells lining
surface and pits; lamina propria inconspicuous.
44. Choose the best description of the duodenum.      e.  Mucosa with villi, thick and densely packed
     a.  Mucosa with crypts and villi; epithelium with with tubular glands containing several distinct cell
scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with types; epithelium with scattered goblet cells lining
occasional lymph nodules; submucosa surface and pits; lamina propria with numerous
unspecialized. lymph nodules.
     b.  Mucosa with crypts but no villi; epithelium
with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with 48. Choose the best description of the jejunum.
occasional lymph nodules; submucosa      a.  Mucosa with both crypts and villi; epithelium
unspecialized. with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with
     c.  Mucosa with both crypts and villi; epithelium occasional lymph nodules; submucosa
with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with unspecialized.
occasional lymph nodules; submucosa with mucous      b.  Mucosa with crypts but no villi; epithelium
glands. with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with
     d.  Mucosa with both crypts and villi; epithelium occasional lymph nodules; submucosa
with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria packed unspecialized.
with mucous glands; submucosa with numerous      c.  Mucosa with both crypts and villi; epithelium
lymph nodules. with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with
     e.  Mucosa with crypts but no villi; epithelium occasional lymph nodules; submucosa with mucous
with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with glands.
occasional lymph nodules; submucosa with mucous      d.  Mucosa with both crypts and villi; epithelium
glands. uniform, without goblet cells; lamina propria with
occasional lymph nodules; submucosa with
45. Which of the following epithelial types is most numerous lymph nodules.
closely associated with active absorption at a      e.  Mucosa with crypts but no villi; epithelium
uniform, without goblet cells; lamina propria with      a.  stomach
occasional lymph nodules; submucosa with mucous      b.  small intestine
glands.      c.  appendix
     d.  large intestine
49. Choose the best description of the ileum.      e.  anal canal
     a.  Mucosa with both crypts and villi; epithelium
uniform, without goblet cells; lamina propria with 53. Choose the best description of the appendix.
occasional conspicuous clusters of lymph nodules;      a.  Mucosa with short tubular invaginations but
submucosa unspecialized. no villi; epithelium lacking goblet cells; lamina
     b.  Mucosa with crypts but no villi; epithelium propria packed with lymphoid tissue containing
with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with numerous germinal centers.
occasional conspicuous clusters of lymph nodules;      b.  Mucosa lacking both tubular invaginations
submucosa unspecialized. and villi; epithelium with many goblet cells; lamina
     c.  Mucosa with both crypts and villi; epithelium propria unspecialized, without lymphoid tissue.
with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with      c.  Mucosa lacking both tubular invaginations
occasional conspicuous clusters of lymph nodules; and villi; epithelium lacking goblet cells; lamina
submucosa with mucous glands. propria packed with lymphoid tissue containing
     d.  Mucosa with both crypts and villi; epithelium numerous germinal centers.
with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with      d.  Mucosa with short tubular invaginations but
occasional conspicuous clusters of lymph nodules; no villi; epithelium with many goblet cells; lamina
submucosa unspecialized. propria unspecialized, without lymphoid tissue.
     e.  Mucosa with both crypts and villi; epithelium      e.  Mucosa with short tubular invaginations but
with scattered goblet cells; lamina propria with no villi; epithelium with many goblet cells; lamina
lymph nodules relatively uncommon; submucosa propria packed with lymphoid tissue containing
with mucous glands. numerous germinal centers.

50. Choose the best description of the colon. 54. Choose the best description of the gall bladder.
     a.  Mucosa with villi and short tubular (If you haven�t learned gall bladder yet, choose
invaginations; epithelium with many goblet cells; the answer which does not match any region of the
lamina propria with occasional lymph nodules; GI tract proper.)
submucosa unspecialized.      a.  Mucosa with evaginations resembling villi
     b.  Mucosa with short tubular invaginations but (actually wrinkles), but no crypts; simple columnar
no villi; epithelium consisting entirely of goblet epithelium consisting of a single absorptive cell
cells; lamina propria with occasional lymph type, without goblet cells; lamina propria
nodules; submucosa unspecialized. unspecialized; no muscularis mucosa.
     c.  Mucosa with villi and short tubular      b.  Mucosa with short tubular invaginations but
invaginations; epithelium consisting entirely of no villi; epithelium with many goblet cells; lamina
goblet cells; lamina propria with occasional lymph propria with occasional lymph nodules; submucosa
nodules; submucosa unspecialized. unspecialized.
     d.  Mucosa thick, with many tubular glands      c.  Nonkeratinized stratified-squamous
consisting of several distinct secretory cell types; epithelium; lamina propria unspecialized; distinct
epithelium with many goblet cells; lamina propria muscularis mucosa; submucosa with scattered
inconspicuous; submucosa unspecialized. mucous glands.
     e.  Mucosa with short tubular invaginations but      d.  Mucosa without villi, but thick and densely
no villi; epithelium with many goblet cells; lamina packed with tubular glands containing several
propria with occasional lymph nodules; submucosa distinct cell types; epithelium apparently consisting
unspecialized. of a single cell type lining surface and pits; lamina
propria inconspicuous.
51. Which of the following epithelial types is most      e.  Mucosa with short tubular invaginations but
closely associated with passive protection, without no villi; epithelium with many goblet cells; lamina
specialization for either secretion or absorption, as propria packed with lymphoid tissue containing
in the esophagus and anal canal? numerous germinal centers.
     a.  simple squamous
     b.  stratified squamous 55. Which of the following regions of the GI tract is
     c.  simple columnar characterized by simple columnar epithelium on the
     d.  stratified columnar mucosal surface which apparently consists of a
     e.  stratified cuboidal single cell type, without goblet cells?
     a.  esophagus
52. Which of the following regions of the GI tract is      b.  stomach
not characterized by simple columnar epithelium on      c.  small intestine
the mucosal surface?      d.  large intestine
     e.  appendix      d.  large intestine
     e.  appendix
56. In which of the following regions of the GI tract
does the highest proportion of goblet cells occur in 63. In which of the following regions of the GI tract
the surface epithelium of the mucosa? does the mucosa most closely resemble that of the
     a.  stomach colon, but with more lymphoid tissue?
     b.  duodenum      a.  stomach
     c.  jejunum      b.  duodenum
     d.  ileum      c.  jejunum
     e.  large intestine      d.  ileum
     e.  appendix
57. Which of the following regions of the GI tract is
characterized by short tubular invaginations (crypts 64. In which region(s) of the GI tract are there
or pits) which are not lined by dividing, tubular mucous glands in the mucosa?
differentiating cells?      a.  upper esophagus
     a.  esophagus      b.  cardiac and pyloric stomach
     b.  stomach      c.  duodenum
     c.  duodenum      d.  ileum
     d.  jejunum      e.  appendix
     e.  ileum
65. In which region of the GI tract is the
58. Which of the following regions of the GI tract is longitudinal muscle of the muscularis arranged into
characterized by numerous short tubular distinct longitudinal bundles (taenia)?
invaginations but no villi?      a.  stomach
     a.  duodenum      b.  duodenum
     b.  jejunum      c.  jejunum
     c.  ileum      d.  ileum
     d.  colon      e.  colon
     e.  anal canal

59. Which of the following regions of the GI tract is

characterized by stratified squamous epithelium?  
     a.  duodenum
     b.  jejunum
     c.  ileum
     d.  colon  
     e.  anal canal

60. Which of the following regions of the GI tract is

characterized by villi?
     a.  esophagus Return to top of page.
     b.  stomach
     c.  small intestine
     d.  large intestine QUESTI0N SET IV.  Glands associated with the
     e.  appendix GI tract.

61. Which of the following regions of the GI tract is Point to an answer.  Green color and bold indicates
characterized by permanent folds (plica)? "CORRECT."  Red color and italics indicates
     a.  esophagus "Wrong answer."  (NOTE:  In cases where all of
     b.  stomach the responses are correct, only "all of the above"
     c.  small intestine will be indicated as correct.)
     d.  large intestine
     e.  appendix X.  Sample question.
     a.  wrong answer.
62. Which of the following regions of the GI tract is      b.  wrong answer.
characterized by a thick mucosa densely packed      c.  CORRECT answer.
with tubular glands containing a variety of cell      d.  wrong answer.
types?      e.  wrong answer.
     a.  esophagus
     b.  stomach 66. Glandular ducts are typically lined by which
     c.  small intestine type of epithelium?
     a.  simple squamous epithelium      a.  Islets of endocrine tissue occur in the
     b.  stratified squamous, keratinized epithelium pancreas but not the parotid.
     c.  stratified squamous, non-keratinized      b.  Adipocytes are scattered commonly through
epithelium the stroma of the parotid but not that of the
     d.  simple cuboidal, simple columnar, or pancreas.
stratified cuboidal epithelium      c.  Centroacinar cells (initial duct cells appearing
     e.  any of the above within acini) occur in most pancreatic acini but not
those of parotid.
67. Ducts may be distinguished from secretory      d.  all of the above.
tissue because cells lining ducts:
     a.  form a stratified epithelium. 73. Esophageal glands are located:
     b.  have nuclei located basally rather than      a.  in the mucosa.
apically.      b.  in the submucosa.
     c.  are usually much larger than secretory cells.      c.  in the serosa.
     d.  lack apical vesicles and other evidence of cell      d.  in the adventitia.
specialization for synthesizing and storing secretory      e.  deep to the wall of the esophagus proper.
product.
     e.  are usually more intensely stained with H&E 74. Gastric glands are located:
than secretory cells.      a.  in the mucosa of the stomach.
     b.  in the submucosa of the stomach.
68. The parotid gland is a:      c.  in the serosa of the stomach.
     a.  serous gland, secreting a watery solution of      d.  deep to the stomach wall proper.
enzymes and immunoglobulins but not mucus.      e.  more than one of the above.
     b.  mucous gland, secreting mucus but not
digestive enzymes. 75. Duodenal (Brunner�s) glands are located:
     c.  mixed gland, producing both serous and      a.  in the mucosa of the duodenum.
mucous secretions.      b.  in the submucosa of the duodenum.
     c.  in the adventitia of the posterior duodenal
69. The submandibular and sublingual glands are: wall.
     a.  serous glands, secreting a watery solution of      d.  deep to the wall of the duodenum.
enzymes and immunoglobulins but not mucus.      e.  more than one of the above.
     b.  mucous glands, secreting mucus but not
digestive enzymes. 76. The pancreas is located:
     c.  mixed glands, producing both serous and      a.  in the mucosa of the small intestine.
mucous secretions.      b.  in the submucosa of the small intestine.
     c.  in the serosa of the small intestine.
70. Minor salivary glands are mixed, secreting      d.  deep to the wall of the small intestine proper.
mainly mucus but also some serous product. Minor
salivary glands are found: 77. Intestinal crypts of Lieberk�hn are located:
     a.  in the cheeks (buccal glands).      a.  in the mucosa of the small intestine.
     b.  in the lips (labial glands).      b.  in the submucosa of the small intestine.
     c.  in the soft palate (palatine glands).      c.  in the serosa of the small intestine.
     d.  in the tongue (lingual glands).      d.  deep to the wall of the small intestine proper.
     e.  all of the above.      e.  more than one of the above.

71. Tissue from which of the following is often 78. All of the following are primarily mucous-
poorly preserved in autopsy specimens, because it secreting glands EXCEPT:
self-destructs soon after death due to post-mortem      a.  esophageal glands.
release of its stored secretory product of proteolytic      b.  cardiac glands.
enzymes?      c.  fundic glands.
     a.  submaxillary and sublingual glands      d.  pyloric glands.
     b.  esophageal glands      e.  duodenal (Brunner�s) glands.
     c.  duodenal (Brunner�s) glands
     d.  parotid glands. 79. Which of the following lacks clearly
     e.  pancreas differentiated ducts (i.e., consists almost entirely of
secretory cells)?
72. The parotid gland and the pancreas are both      a.  minor salivary glands
compound acinar glands, served by a branching      b.  parotid gland
duct system. Morphological differences between      c.  esophageal glands
parotid and pancreas include which of the      d.  gastric glands
following?
 GI tract.
     e.  pancreas
Point to an answer.  Green color and bold indicates
80. Which of the following �glands� is primarily "CORRECT."  Red color and italics indicates
a protected site for mitotic activity rather than a "Wrong answer."  (NOTE:  In cases where all of
tissue specialized for secretion? the responses are correct, only "all of the above"
     a.  parotid salivary glands. will be indicated as correct.)
     b.  esophageal glands.
     c.  gastric (fundic) glands. X.  Sample question.
     d.  duodenal (Brunner�s) glands.      a.  wrong answer.
     e.  intestinal crypts (of Lieberk�hn).      b.  wrong answer.
     c.  CORRECT answer.
81. Which of the dimensions is about 1�2      d.  wrong answer.
millimeters? (Think about actual sizes as you can      e.  wrong answer.
see them in gross lab and with your unaided eye on
microscope slides, and also the sizes of familiar 85. Which of the following is characteristic of
cells like the RBC. Remember, having a reasonable mucus-secreting cells?
intuition about size can help you notice many      a.  polarized cytoplasm, with distinct apical and
significant departures from normal or expected basal regions
structure.)      b.  rough endoplasmic reticulum in basal
     a.  The thickness of the stomach wall (all layers). cytoplasm
     b.  The thickness of the gastric mucosa.      c.  supranuclear Golgi apparatus
     c.  The height of the stomach�s surface      d.  large, mucus-containing vesicles occupying
epithelial cells. apical cytoplasm
     d.  The diameter of a parietal cell.      e.  all of the above
     e.  The length of microvilli.
86. Which the following stains is used to
82. The length of intestinal villi is about: demonstrate mucus (as well as basement
     a.  10�20 millimeters. membranes and glycogen)?
     b.  0.5�1.0 millimeters.      a.  hematoxylin
     b.  eosin
     c.  20�50 microns.
     c.  periodic acid Schiff (PAS)
     d.  1�2 microns.
     d.  Golgi silver
     e.  50�100 nanometers.      e.  Mucus can only be stained
immunohistochemically.
83. The length of microvilli is about:
     a.  10�20 millimeters. 87. In H&E stained tissue sections, the mucus-
     b.  0.5�1.0 millimeters. containing secretory vesicles in mucous cells
     c.  20�50 microns. typically appear:
     d.  1�2 microns.      a.  red or pink.
     e.  50�100 nanometers.      b.  blue or purple.
     c.  yellow or brown.
84. The principal secretory product for cells of      d.  black.
Brunner�s (duodenal) glands is:      e.  clear or only weakly stained.
     a.  acid mucus.
     b.  alkaline mucus. 88. Which of the following is characteristic of
     c.  proteolytic and other digestive enzymes. serous (enzyme-secreting) cells?
     d.  lysosomal enzymes.      a.  polarized cytoplasm, with distinct apical and
     e.  any one of several duodenal hormones. basal regions
     b.  extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum in
basal cytoplasm
     c.  supranuclear Golgi apparatus
     d.  zymogen vesicles occupying apical
  cytoplasm
     e.  all of the above

89. In H&E stained tissue sections, the basal

cytoplasm in enzyme-secreting (serous) cells
Return to top of page. typically appears:
     a.  red or pink.
     b.  blue or purple.
QUESTION SET V.  Specialized cell types of the
     c.  yellow or brown.
     d.  black.      e.  Kupffer cells
     e.  clear or only weakly stained.
96. Which of the following cell types is
90. Contractile epithelial cells which, under characterized by secretory vesicles concentrated in
autonomic neural control, help expel product from basal cytoplasm, near the basement membrane?
glandular acini and ducts are called:      a.  gastric chief cells
     a.  myoepithelial cells.      b.  gastric parietal cells
     b.  mucous cells.      c.  enteroendocrine cells
     c.  interlobular duct cells.      d.  Paneth cells
     d.  intralobular duct cells.      e.  gastric surface mucous cells
     e.  enteroendocrine cells.
97. Which of the following cell types is
91. The epithelial cells lining striated intralobular characterized by extensive basal rough endoplasmic
ducts: reticulum, a supranuclear Golgi apparatus and
     a.  are usually simple cuboidal or columnar cells. apical zymogen vesicles?
     b.  have relatively eosinophilic cytoplasm      a.  gastric chief cells
containing numerous mitochondria.      b.  gastric parietal cells
     c.  have basal cell membranes extensively folded      c.  enteroendocrine cells
to increase the surface that contains active ion      d.  gastric surface mucous cells
pump molecules.      e.  gastric mucous neck cells
     d.  are specialized for concentrating secretory
products in the duct lumen. 98. Which of the following cells is most directly
     e.  All of the above. responsible for protecting the stomach mucosa from
attack by acid and proteolytic enzymes?
92. Cells which secrete HCl into the stomach are      a.  gastric chief cells
called:      b.  gastric parietal cells
     a.  goblet cells.      c.  enteroendocrine cells
     b.  chief (zymogenic) cells.      d.  Paneth cells
     c.  parietal (oxyntic) cells.      e.  gastric surface mucous cells
     d.  enterocytes.
     e.  Paneth cells. 99. Which of the following cell types is
characterized by extensive basal rough endoplasmic
93. Cells which secrete pepsinogen into the reticulum, a supranuclear Golgi apparatus and
stomach are called: apical zymogen vesicles?
     a.  goblet cells.      a.  pancreatic acinar cell
     b.  chief (zymogenic) cells.      b.  Brunner�s gland cell
     c.  parietal (oxyntic) cells.      c.  intestinal goblet cell
     d.  Kupffer cells.      d.  intestinal absorptive cell (enterocyte)
     e.  Paneth cells.      e.  centroacinar cell

94. Enteroendocrine cells, an inconspicuous but 100. The principal function for intestinal goblet
important epithelial cell type, occur: cells is:
     a.  only in the stomach (especially its pyloric      a.  secreting digestive enzyme.
region).      b.  secreting one of several various hormones.
     b.  only in the small intestine.      c.  secreting mucus.
     c.  only in the colon.      d.  absorbing nutrients.
     d.  only in the gall bladder.      e.  mitotic activity for continuing replacement of
     e.  mainly in the stomach (especially its pyloric surface epithelium.
region) and in the small intestine, but also
elsewhere along the GI tract (and also along 101. The principal function for most surface
respiratory passages). epithelial cells in the small intestine (enterocytes)
is:
95. Which of the following cell types is      a.  secreting digestive enzyme.
characterized by a large nucleus (sometimes two      b.  secreting one of several various hormones.
nuclei) surrounded by prominent eosinophilic      c.  secreting mucus.
cytoplasm containing very many mitochondria and      d.  absorbing nutrients.
an intracellular canaliculus?      e.  mitotic activity for continuing replacement of
     a.  gastric chief cells surface epithelium.
     b.  gastric parietal cells
     c.  enteroendocrine cells 102. The principal function for intestinal
     d.  Paneth cells enteroendocrine cells is:
     a.  secreting digestive enzyme.      a.  among mucous cells of the gastric surface.
     b.  secreting one of several various hormones.      b.  along the sides of gastric pits.
     c.  secreting mucus.      c.  in the lamina propria.
     d.  absorbing nutrients.      d.  in the neck region of gastric glands.
     e.  mitotic activity for continuing replacement of      e.  at the deep ends (bottoms) of gastric glands.
surface epithelium.
110. Columnar cells which extend across the
103. The principal function for cells lining the sides thickness of a stratified squamous epithelium, and
of intestinal crypts of Lieberk�hn is: which have apical microvilli and basal synaptic
     a.  secreting digestive enzyme. vesicles associated with afferent nerve endings, are
     b.  secreting one of several various hormones. characteristic of:
     c.  secreting mucus.      a.  taste buds in the tongue.
     d.  absorbing nutrients.      b.  lingual and palatine tonsils.
     e.  supplying replacement cells for epithelium of      c.  the upper third of the esophagus.
villi.      d.  the lower third of the esophagus.
     e.  the anal canal.
104. The principal secretory product for the Paneth
cells clustered at the ends of intestinal crypts is: 111. Which of the following connective tissue cell
     a.  mucus. types is not typical of lamina propria?
     b.  pepsinogen.      a.  lymphocyte
     c.  trypsinogen.      b.  fibroblast
     d.  any one of several intestinal hormones.      c.  macrophage
     e.  lysosomal enzymes.      d.  mast cell
     e.  adipocyte
105. The principal secretory product for the
epithelial cells forming pancreatic islets (of 112. The mucosal surface of the stomach is
Langerhans) is: protected from digestion by:
     a.  mucus.      a.  stratified squamous epithelial cells.
     b.  pepsinogen.      b.  surface mucous cells.
     c.  trypsinogen.      c.  chief cells.
     d.  any one of several islet hormones.      d.  parietal cells.
     e.  lysosomal enzymes.      e.  alkaline secretions from Brunner�s glands.

106. The principal secretory product for the 113. Absorptive epithelial cells of the small
pancreatic acinar cells is: intestine (enterocytes) are characterized by:
     a.  acid mucus.      a.  apical brush border composed of microvilli.
     b.  alkaline mucus.      b.  a glycocalyx containing various digestive
     c.  proteolytic and other digestive enzymes. enzymes.
     d.  any one of several acinar hormones.      c.  junctional complexes (terminal bars), which
     e.  lysosomal enzymes. include tight junctions that separate apical from
lateral cell membranes.
107. The principal secretory product for cells of      d.  cytoplasm with a supranuclear Golgi
Brunner�s (duodenal) glands is: apparatus, many mitochondria, lysosomes, and
     a.  acid mucus. extensive smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum.
     b.  alkaline mucus.      e.  all of the above.
     c.  proteolytic and other digestive enzymes.
     d.  any one of several acinar hormones. 114. Goblet cells in the intestine differ from
     e.  lysosomal enzymes. enterocytes by having:
     a.  a more basally located nucleus.
108. Undifferentiated, mitotically active epithelial      b.  fewer microvilli.
cells which can replace or regenerate the epithelial      c.  large vacuoles of mucus that stain poorly
lining of the small intestine are located: with routine acidic and basic dyes (like H&E).
     a.  at the tips of villi.      d.  a shape which is narrow basally and broad
     b.  along the entire villous surface. apically.
     c.  in the lamina propria.      e.  all of the above.
     d.  along the wall of intestinal crypts.
     e.  at the ends (bottoms) of intestinal crypts. 115. The basal basophilia of serous (enzyme-
secreting) cells results from the presence in basal
109. Undifferentiated, mitotically active epithelial cytoplasm of:
cells which can replace or regenerate the epithelial      a.  extensive rough endoplasmic reticulum.
lining of the stomach are located:      b.  extensive smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
     c.  extensive Golgi apparatus.      e.  condensed chromatin of mitotic figures.
     d.  many mitochondria.
     e.  numerous folds of the plasma membrane.

116. Which of the following is not a distinguishing  

characteristic of a parasympathetic neuron cell body
in a ganglion of Meissner�s or Auerbach�s
plexus?
     a.  relatively large diameter  
     b.  round, large, euchromatic nucleus
     c.  prominent, single nucleolus Return to top of page.
     d.  cytoplasmic acidophilia
     e.  location in submucosa or between circular
and longitudinal layers of muscularis QUESTION SET VI.  Liver.

117. Most lymphocytes in the GI tract (and Point to an answer.  Green color and bold indicates
elsewhere) can be recognized by their: "CORRECT."  Red color and italics indicates
     a.  relatively small size. "Wrong answer."  (NOTE:  In cases where all of
     b.  round heterochromatic nuclei. the responses are correct, only "all of the above"
     c.  proportionately small (inconspicuous) will be indicated as correct.)
cytoplasmic volume, compared with the nucleus.
     d.  location in connective tissue, often clustered X.  Sample question.
near blood vessels or epithelial tissue.      a.  wrong answer.
     e.  all of the above.      b.  wrong answer.
     c.  CORRECT answer.
118. Plasma cells differ from other lymphocytes by      d.  wrong answer.
having:      e.  wrong answer.
     a.  a greater volume of basophilic cytoplasm
(associated with rough ER for antibody 122. The structural unit of liver tissue, centered
production). around a central vein with branches of the hepatic
     b.  heterochromatin arranged in a radial, artery, portal vein and bile duct at the corners, is
�spoke-wheel� pattern around the nucleus. called a:
     c.  cytoplasm forming a lopsided or eccentric      a.  liver acinus.
bulge on one side of the cell.      b.  portal triad, tract or canal.
     d.  all of the above.      c.  classical or hepatic lobule.
     d.  hepatic cord.
119. With H&E stain, many columnar epithelial      e.  biliary tract.
cells display a weakly stained region in the
cytoplasm above the nucleus. This pale 123. The hepatic lobule can also be defined as a
supranuclear region represents the location of the: region of hepatic tissue that is served by a single:
     a.  vesicles containing stored mucus.      a.  portal vein.
     b.  chylomicrons.      b.  central vein.
     c.  Golgi apparatus.      c.  bile duct.
     d.  microvilli.      d.  hepatic artery.
     e.  mitochondria.      e.  sinusoid.

120. The cytoplasm of gastric parietal cells stains 124. The tissue region located at the corners of a
pink with H&E because: classical liver lobule, containing branches of portal
     a.  the cytoplasm is highly acidic. vein, hepatic artery and bile duct all enveloped in
     b.  the cytoplasm is highly basic. connective tissue, is called a:
     c.  the secretory vesicles are highly acidic.      a.  liver acinus.
     d.  the numerous mitochondria, needed for the      b.  portal triad, tract or canal.
highly energetic H+/Cl- ion pump, are acidophilic.      c.  classical or hepatic lobule.
     d.  hepatic cord.
121. Intensely basophilic bodies in the epithelial      e.  biliary tract.
lining of intestinal crypts, usually located toward
the apical end of the columnar cells, represent: 125. A functional unit of liver tissue served by a
     a.  mucus vesicles. single terminal branch of the hepatic artery,
     b.  ribosomes. including all the hepatic cords leading toward
     c.  chylomicrons. central veins on both sides of this arteriole, is called
     d.  lipofuscin granules. a:
     a.  liver acinus.      e.  a nerve within the liver.
     b.  portal triad, tract or canal.
     c.  classical or hepatic lobule. 132. A vascular passageway between adjacent
     d.  sinusoid. hepatic cords is called a:
     e.  biliary tract.      a.  hepatic artery.
     b.  portal vein.
126. Cirrhosis, or liver scarring in which functional      c.  central vein.
hepatic tissue is replaced by connective tissue, can      d.  sinusoid.
be recognized by:      e.  bile duct.
     a.  a greater than normal amount of connective
tissue in the liver. 133. The term liver parenchyma refers to:
     b.  continuous strands of connective tissue      a.  hepatocytes.
extending between portal areas.      b.  portal veins and hepatic arteries.
     c.  multiple bile ducts embedded in large portal      c.  bile ducts.
areas (where the intervening hepatic parenchyma      d.  stored glycogen.
has disappeared).      e.  connective tissue in the liver.
     d.  by using a trichrome stain, which highlights
collagen. 134. Hepatic sinusoids are lined by:
     e.  by all of the above.      a.  nothing; they are free spaces between hepatic
cords.
127. The vessel which brings venous blood from      b.  stratified squamous epithelium.
the intestine and spleen into the liver, with branches      c.  endothelium, like any other vascular channel.
in each portal area, is the:      d.  simple cuboidal epithelium.
     a.  hepatic artery.      e.  simple columnar epithelium.
     b.  portal vein.
     c.  central vein. 135. The endothelium lining hepatic sinusoids is:
     d.  sinusoid.      a.  continuous.
     e.  bile duct.      b.  fenestrated.
     c.  open-ended.
128. The vessel which brings oxygenated, arterial      d.  impermeable to large molecules.
blood from the heart into the liver, with branches in      e.  nonexistent.
each portal area, is the:
     a.  hepatic artery. 136. What fluid flows within hepatic sinusoids?
     b.  portal vein.      a.  bile
     c.  central vein.      b.  lymph
     d.  sinusoid.      c.  venous blood from intestine and spleen
     e.  bile duct.      d.  arterial blood from hepatic artery
     e.  mixed arterial and venous blood
129. The vessel which drains bile from the liver,
with branches in each portal area, is the: 137. Between liver sinusoidal endothelium and the
     a.  hepatic artery. basal surfaces of hepatocytes is the:
     b.  portal vein.      a.  bile canaliculus.
     c.  central vein.      b.  space of Disse.
     d.  sinusoid.      c.  sinusoidal lumen.
     e.  bile duct.      d.  portal canal.
     e.  central vein.
130. The vessel which drains venous blood from
the center of each classical lobule is the: 138. The basal surface of hepatocytes is bathed by
     a.  hepatic artery. blood plasma as it flows freely through:
     b.  portal vein.      a.  bile canaliculi.
     c.  central vein.      b.  portal canals.
     d.  sinusoid.      c.  the space of Disse.
     e.  bile duct.      d.  the central veins.
     e.  the portal veins.
131. A hepatic cord is:
     a.  another name for a branch of the portal vein. 139. Blood cells (both RBCs and leukocytes) are
     b.  the tough connective tissue surrounding a retained by the sinusoidal endothelium and do not
portal triad. normally enter the:
     c.  a row of adjacent hepatocytes within a liver      a.  hepatic artery.
lobule.      b.  lumen of hepatic sinusoids.
     d.  a branch of the bile duct.      c.  space of Disse.
     d.  central veins. reticulum.
     e.  portal veins.      c.  many mitochondria.
     d.  numerous lysosomes.
140. A tiny passage between adjacent hepatocytes,      e.  all of the above.
lying entirely within a hepatic cord, is called a:
     a.  bile canaliculus. 148. In normal, H&E stained material, the
     b.  space of Disse. cytoplasm of hepatocytes appears:
     c.  sinusoidal lumen.      a.  unstained.
     d.  portal canal.      b.  deep pink.
     e.  central vein.      c.  dark blue or purple.
     d.  yellow, brown or black.
141. Kupffer cells are most similar to:      e.  green or sky blue.
     a.  lymphocytes.
     b.  hepatocytes. 149. Endocrine secretory products of hepatocytes
     c.  neutrophils. include all of the following EXCEPT:
     d.  macrophages.      a.  glucose (from glycogen).
     e.  bile canaliculi.      b.  serum albumin.
     c.  prothrombin.
142. Kupffer cells are found most commonly within      d.  conjugated bilirubin and bile acids.
the:      e.  fibrinogen.
     a.  gall bladder.
     b.  portal canals. 150. Exocrine secretory products of hepatocytes
     c.  hepatic sinusoids. include which of the following?
     d.  central vein.      a.  glucose (from glycogen)
     e.  bile ducts.      b.  serum albumin
     c.  prothrombin
143. Hepatocyte function includes all of the      d.  conjugated bilirubin and bile acids
following EXCEPT:      e.  fibrinogen
     a.  drug detoxification.
     b.  protein synthesis. 151. Fat-storing stellate cells (Ito cells) in the space
     c.  gluconeogenesis. of Disse are noted for storing:
     d.  urea formation by deamination of amino      a.  glycogen.
acids.      b.  glucose.
     e.  breakdown of hemoglobin.      c.  albumin.
     d.  vitamin A.
144. Macrophages in the spleen and Kupffer cells      e.  all of the above.
in the liver perform which of the following
functions? 152. Hepatocytes synthesize:
     a.  drug detoxification      a.  glycogen.
     b.  antibody secretion      b.  cholesterol.
     c.  mass storage of glycogen      c.  albumin.
     d.  exocrine secretion      d.  glucose.
     e.  breakdown of hemoglobin      e.  all of the above.

145. Hepatocytes are: 153. The gall bladder is best understood as a

     a.  lymphoid tissue. specialized region of:
     b.  epithelial tissue.      a.  a lymph node.
     c.  muscle tissue.      b.  a duct.
     d.  adipose tissue.      c.  adipose tissue.
     e.  nervous tissue.      d.  hepatocyte parenchyma.
     e.  a sympathetic ganglion.
146. The shape of hepatocytes is best described as:
     a.  cuboidal. 154. Like the small intestine, the gall bladder:
     b.  columnar.      a.  is lined by columnar cells with a brush border
     c.  squamous. of microvilli.
     d.  fusiform.      b.  has goblet cells in the mucosal epithelium.
     e.  stellate, with many branches.      c.  has crypts with Paneth cells at the bottom.
     d.  has villi with lacteals in the core.
147. Hepatocytes are characterized by:      e.  has a distinct muscularis mucosa, and is
     a.  round nuclei (occasionally paired). further surrounded by two distinct layers of circular
     b.  plentiful rough and smooth endoplasmic and longitudinal muscle.
155. Although the gall bladder lining superficially
resembles the mucosa of the small intestine, the gall
bladder lacks:
     a.  an epithelial lining.
     b.  columnar cells.
A. PAROTID
     c.  microvilli.
     d.  lamina propria. B. SUBMANDIBULAR
     e.  a muscularis mucosa, crypts, villi, and goblet C. SUBLINGUAL
cells.
D. ALL
A. GASTRIC SURFACE CELL B. ENTEROENDOCRINE CELL C.
E. B & C
CHIEF CELL D. PARIETAL CELL E. GASTRIC EPITHELIUM CELL
HCl D Striated interlobular ducts D
Inrinsic Factor D Serous demilunes E
Histamine B Almost exclusively serous A
Gastrin B Most mucus, no serous C
Lipase C Both serous and mucus adenomeres B
Serotonin B Major salivary volume B
Pepsinogen C Largest A
Intracellular canaliculi D Exocrine B
Granules in Basal Cytoplasm C

A. 95% SEROUS

B. 95% MUCUS
A. AMELOBLAST C. 70% SEROUS
B. ODONTOBLAST C. BOTH D. 30% SEROUS
D. NEITHER Parotid A
From ectoderm A Submandibular C
From ectomesenchyme B Von ebner A
Produce dentin B Sublingual B
Tome’s process A Sitting down… meal high secretion A
Enamel A Find taste buds quickly D
Cementum D

Die after tooth erupts A Organ with direct something2 on secretory acini
Tome’s fibers B - PANCREAS

Islets of Langerhans are most numerous at what part of

pancras?
A. FILIFORM PAPILLAE
- TAIL
B. FOLIATE
Exocrine function of pancreas
C. FUNGIFORM
- ACINI
D. CIRCUMVALATE
Best location… both skeletal and smooth muscle
Partially keratinized A
- MIDDLE ESOPHAGUS
Taste buds on the upper portion C

Largest D

No taste buds A

Ducts around base B