Quadratic Equation and Inequations

(Inequalities)

3. If a < b < c < d, then the roots of the equation

A Fill in the Blanks
(x – a) (x – c) + 2(x – b) (x – d) = 0 are real and distinct.
1. The coefficient of x99 in the polynomial (1984 - 1 Mark)
(x – 1) (x – 2) ....(x – 100) is ................... (1982 - 2 Marks)
4. If n1, n2, ......np are p positive integers, whose sum is an
2. 2
If 2 + i 3 is a root of the equation x + px + q = 0 , where even number, then the number of odd integers among them
is odd. (1985 - 1 Mark)
p and q are real, then (p, q) = ( ................... , ................... ).
(1982 - 2 Marks) 5. If P(x) = ax2 + bx + c and Q(x) = –ax2 + dx + c, where ac ¹ 0 ,
3. If the product of the roots of the equation then P(x)Q(x)=0 has at least two real roots.
x2 – 3kx + 2 e2lnk – 1 = 0 is 7, then the roots are real for (1985 - 1 Mark)
k = ................... (1984 - 2 Marks) 6. If x and y are positive real numbers and m, n are any positive
4. If the quadratic equations x2 + ax + b = 0 and x2 + bx + a = 0
xn ym 1
(a ¹ b) have a common root, then the numerical value of integers, then > (1989 - 1 Mark)
2n 2m 4
(1 + x ) (1 + y )
a + b is ................... (1986 - 2 Marks)

5. The solution of equation log7 log5 ( x + 5 + x ) = 0 is

C MCQs with One Correct Answer
................... (1986 - 2 Marks)
1. If l , m, n are real, l ¹ m, then the roots by the equation:
x 1 x 1
6. If x < 0, y < 0, x + y + = and (x + y) = – , then (l – m)x2 – 5 (l + m) x – 2 (l – m) = 0 are (1979)
y 2 y 2
(a) Real and equal
x = ........ and y = ...... (1990 - 2 Marks)
(b) Complex
k (k + 1) (c) Real and unequal
7. Let n and k be positive such that n ³ . The number
2 (d) None of these.
of solutions (x1, x2,.....xk), x1 ³ 1, x2 ³ 2 , ....,xk ³ k, all 2. The equation x + 2y + 2z = 1 and 2x + 4y + 4z = 9 have
integers, satisfying x1 + x2 + ....+ xk = n, is ................... (a) Only one solution (1979)
(1996 - 2 Marks) (b) Only two solutions
8. The sum of all the real roots of the equation (c) Infinite number of solutions
| x – 2 |2 + | x – 2 | – 2 = 0 is ................... (1997 - 2 Marks) (d) None of these.
3. If x, y and z are real and different and (1979)
B True / False 2 2 2
u = x + 4y + 9z – 6yz – 3zx – 2xy, then u is always.
(a) non negative (b) zero
n +1 (c) non positive (d) none of these
1. For every integer n > 1, the inequality (n !)1/ n < holds.
2 4. Let a > 0, b >0 and c > 0. Then the roots of the equation
(1981 - 2 Marks) ax2 + bx + c = 0 (1979)
2. The equation 2x2 + 3x + 1 = 0 has an irrational root. (a) are real and negative (b) have negative real parts
(1983 - 1 Mark) (c) both (a) and (b) (d) none of these
5. Both the roots of the equation 15*. If a and b are the roots of x2 + px + q = 0 and a4, b4 are the
(x – b) (x – c) + (x – a) (x – c) + (x – a) (x – b) = 0are always roots of x2 – rx + s = 0, then the equation x2 – 4qx + 2q2 – r = 0
(a) positive (b) real (1980) has always (1989 - 2 Marks)
(c) negative (d) none of these. (a) two real roots
6. The least value of the expression 2 log10x – logx(0.01), for
(b) two positive roots
x > 1, is (1980)
(c) two negative roots
(a) 10 (b) 2
(c) – 0.01 (d) none of these. (d) one positive and one negative root
7. If (x2 + px + 1) is a factor of (ax3 + bx + c), then (1980) * Question has more than one correct option.
2
(a) a + c = – ab2 2 2
(b) a – c = – ab 16. Let a, b, c be real numbers, a ¹ 0. If a is a root of
2
(c) a – c = ab 2 (d) none of these a2x2 + bx + c = 0. b is the root of a2x2 – bx – c = 0 and
8. The number of real solutions of the equation 0 < a < b, then the equation a2x2 + 2bx + 2c = 0 has a root g
| x |2 – 3 | x | + 2 = 0 is (1982 - 2 Marks) that always satisfies (1989 - 2 Marks)
(a) 4 (b) 1 (c) 3 (d) 2 a +b b
(a) g= (b) g =a+
9. Two towns A and B are 60 km apart. A school is to be built to 2 2
serve 150 students in town A and 50 students in town B. If
(c) g =a (d) a < g < b.
the total distance to be travelled by all 200 students is to be
as small as possible, then the school should be built at 17. The number of solutions of the equation sin(e)x = 5x + 5–x is
(1982 - 2 Marks) (1990 - 2 Marks)
(a) town B (b) 45 km from town A (a) 0 (b) 1
(c) town A (d) 45 km from town B (c) 2 (d) Infinitely many
10. If p, q, r are any real numbers, then (1982 - 2 Marks) 18. Let a, b be the roots of the equation (x – a) (x – b) = c, c ¹ 0.
(a) max (p, q) < max (p, q, r) Then the roots of the equation
(x – a) (x – b) + c = 0 are (1992 - 2 Marks)
(b) min (p, q) = 1 ( p + q – p – q )
2 (a) a, c (b) b, c
(c) max (p, q) < min (p, q, r) (c) a, b (d) a + c, b + c
(d) none of these 19. The number of points of intersection of two curves
11. The largest interval for which x12 – x9 + x4 – x + 1 > 0 is y = 2 sinx and y = 5x2 + 2x + 3 is (1994)
(1982 - 2 Marks) (a) 0 (b) 1 (c) 2 (d) ¥

(a) – 4< x£0 (b) 0 < x < 1 20. If p, q, r are +ve and are in A.P., the roots of quadratic equation
px2 + qx + r = 0 are all real for (1994)
(c) –100 < x< 100 (d) –¥ < x < ¥
r p
2 2 (a) -7 ³ 4 3 (b) -7 ³ 4 3
12. The equation x - = 1- has (1984 - 2 Marks) p r
x -1 x -1
(c) all p and r (d) no p and r
(a) no root
(b) one root 21. Let p, q Î{1, 2,3, 4} . The number of equations of the form
(c) two equal roots px2 + qx + 1 = 0 having real roots is (1994)
(d) infinitely many roots (a) 15 (b) 9 (c) 7 (d) 8
13. If a2 + b2 + c2 = 1, then ab + bc + ca lies in the interval 22. If the roots of the equation x2 – 2ax + a2 + a – 3 = 0 are real
(1984 - 2 Marks) and less than 3, then (1999 - 2 Marks)

1 1 1 (a) a < 2 (b) 2 £ a £ 3

(a) [ , 2] (b) [–1, 2] (c) [- , 1] (d) [-1, ]
2 2 2 (c) 3 < a £ 4 (d) a > 4
14. If log0.3 (x – 1) < log0.09(x – 1), then x lies in the interval – 23. If a and b (a < b) are the roots of the equation x2 + bx + c = 0,
(1985 - 2 Marks) where c < 0 < b, then (2000S)
(a) (2, ¥ ) (b) (1, 2) (a) 0 < a < b (b) a < 0 < b < | a |
(c) (–2, – 1) (d) none of these (c) a < b < 0 (d) a < 0 < | a | < b
24. If a, b, c, d are positive real numbers such that 33. Let a, b be the roots of the equation x2 – px + r = 0 and
a + b + c + d = 2, then M = (a + b) (c + d) satisfies the relation a
, 2b be the roots of the equation x2 – qx + r = 0. Then the
(a) 0 £ M £1 (b) 1 £ M £ 2 (2000S) 2
value of r is (2007 -3 marks)
(c) 2£ M £3 (d) 3£ M £ 4
25. If b > a, then the equation (x – a) (x – b) –1 = 0 has (2000S) 2 2
(a) ( p - q)(2q - p) (b) (q - p)(2 p - q)
9 9
(a) both roots in (a, b)
(b) both roots in (–¥, a) 2 2
(c) (q - 2 p)(2q - p) (d) (2 p - q)(2q - p)
(c) both roots in (b, +¥) 9 9
(d) one root in (–¥, a) and the other in (b, +¥) 3
34. Let p and q be real numbers such that p ¹ 0, p ¹ q and
26. For the equation 3x2 + px + 3 = 0, p > 0, if one of the root is
square of the other, then p is equal to (2000S) p3 ¹ -q . If a and b are nonzero complex numbers satisfying
(a) 1/3 (b) 1 a + b = – p and a3 + b3 = q, then a quadratic equation having
(c) 3 (d) 2/3 a b
and as its roots is (2010)
27. If a1,a2.....,an are positive real numbers whose product is a b a
fixed number c, then the minimum value of
(a) ( p3 + q) x 2 - ( p3 + 2q) x + ( p 3 + q) = 0
a1 + a2 + .......+an-1 + 2an is (2002S)
(a) n(2c)1/n (b) (n+1)c1/n (b) ( p3 + q) x 2 - ( p3 - 2q) x + ( p 3 + q) = 0

(c) 2nc1/n (d) (n+1)(2c)1/n (c) ( p3 - q) x 2 - (5 p3 - 2q) x + ( p 3 - q) = 0

28. The set of all real numbers x for which x2 – | x + 2 | + x > 0, is
(d) ( p3 - q) x 2 - (5 p3 + 2q) x + ( p 3 - q) = 0
(2002S)
(a) (- ¥,-2) È (2, ¥ ) (b) (- ¥,- 2 )È ( 2,¥ ) 35. Let (x0, y0) be the solution of the following equations

(2 x)ln 2 = (3 y )ln3
(c) (- ¥,-1) È (1, ¥ ) (d) ( 2 , ¥)
3lnx = 2lny
2
æ pö tan a Then x0 is (2011)
29. If a Î ç 0, ÷ then x2 + x + is always greater
è 2ø 2
x +x 1 1 1
(a) (b) (c) (d) 6
than or equal to (2003S) 6 3 2
(a) 2 tana (b) 1 36. Let a and b be the roots of x2 – 6x – 2 = 0, with a > b. If
(c) 2 (d) sec2 a
a10 - 2a8
2
30. For all ‘x’, x + 2ax + 10– 3a > 0, then the interval in which an = a n - b n for n ³ 1, then the value of is
‘a’ lies is (2004S) 2a9
(a) a < – 5 (b) – 5 < a < 2 (2011)
(c) a > 5 (d) 2 < a < 5 (a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
31. If one root is square of the other root of the equation 37. A value of b for which the equations
x2 + px + q = 0, then the relation between p and q is (2004S) x2 + bx – 1 = 0
(a) p3 – q(3p – 1) + q2 = 0 (b) p3 – q(3p + 1) + q2 = 0 x2 + x + b = 0
have one root in common is (2011)
(c) p3 + q(3p – 1) + q2 = 0 (d) p3 + q(3p+1)+q2 = 0
32. Let a, b, c be the sides of a triangle where a ¹ b ¹ c and l Î (a) - 2 (b) -i 3
R. If the roots of the equation
(c) i 5 (d) 2
x2 + 2(a + b + c)x + 3l (ab + bc + ca) = 0 are real, then
(2006 - 3M, –1) 38. The quadratic equation p(x) = 0 with real coefficients has
purely imaginary roots. Then the equation p(p(x)) = 0 has
4 5 (JEE Adv. 2014)
(a) l< (b) l>
3 3 (a) one purely imaginary root
(b) all real roots
æ1 5ö æ4 5ö
(c) l Îç , ÷ (d) lÎç , ÷ (c) two real and two purely imaginary roots
è3 3ø è3 3ø
(d) neither real nor purely imaginary roots
 6. The product of n positive numbers is unity Then their sum is
p p
39. Let - < q < - . Suppose a1 and B1are the roots of the (1991 - 2 Marks)
6 12
(a) a positive integer (b) divisible by n
equation x2 – 2x sec a + 1 = 0 and a2 and b2 are the roots of
the equation x2 + 2x tan q – 1 = 0. If a1 > b1 and a2 > b2, then 1
a1 + b2 equals (JEE Adv. 2016) (c) equal to n + (d) never less than n
n
(a) 2 (sec q – tan q) 7. Number of divisor of the form 4n + 2 (n ³ 0) of the integer 240
(b) 2 sec q is (1998 - 2 Marks)
(c) –2 tanq (a) 4 (b) 8
(d) 0 (c) 10 (d) 3
8. If 3x = 4x–1, then x = (JEE Adv. 2013)
D MCQs with One or More than One Correct 2log3 2 2
(a) 2log3 2 - 1 (b) 2 - log 2 3
( x - a )( x - b )
1. For real x, the function will assume all real
x-c 1 2log 2 3
values provided (1984 - 3 Marks) (c) 1 - log 4 3 (d) 2log 2 3 - 1
(a) a > b > c (b) a < b < c 9. Let S be the set of all non-zero real numbers a such that the
(c) a > c > b (d) a < c < b quadratic equation ax2 – x + a = 0 has two distinct real roots
x1 and x2 satisfying the inequality |x1 – x2| < 1. Which of the
2x -1
2. If S is the set of all real x such that is positive, following intervals is(are) a subset(s) of S?
2 x + 3x 2 + x
3
(JEE Adv. 2015)
then S contains (1986 - 2 Marks)
æ 1 1 ö æ 1 ö
æ 3ö æ 3 1ö (a) çè – 2 , – ÷ (b) çè – , 0÷
(a) ç - ¥, - ÷ (b) ç - , - ÷ 5ø 5 ø
è 2ø è 2 4ø
æ 1 ö æ 1 1ö
æ1 ö (c) çè 0, ÷ (d) çè , ÷
(c) æç - , ö÷ 5ø 5 2ø
1 1
(d) ç , 3 ÷
è 4 2ø è2 ø
(e) none of these E Subjective Problems
3. If a, b and c are distinct positive numbers, then the expression
(b + c – a)(c + a – b)(a + b – c) – abc is x-
1 1
x+
(1986 - 2 Marks) 1. Solve for x : 4x – 3 2 =3 2 – 22x – 1 (1978)
(a) positive
(b) negative (1 - x m ) (1 - x m -1 )..........(1 - x m - n+1 )
2. If (m , n) = (1978)
(1 - x ) (1 - x 2 )............(1 - x )
n
(c) non-positive
(d) non-negative where m and n are positive integers (n £ m), show that
(e) none of these (m, n + 1) = (m – 1, n + 1) + xm – n – 1 (m – 1, n).
4. If a, b, c, d and p are distinct real numbers such that
(a2 + b2 + c2)p2 – 2 (ab + bc + cd)p + (b2 + c2 + d2) £ 0
3. Solve for x : x +1 - x -1 = 1. (1978)
then a, b, c, d (1987 - 2 Marks) 4. Solve the following equation for x : (1978)
(a) are in A. P. 2 logxa + logaxa + 3 log 2 a = 0,a>0
a x
(b) are in G. P.
(c) are in H. P.
26 - 15 3
(d) satisfy ab = cd 5. Show that the square of is a rational
5 2 - 38 + 5 3
(e) satisfy none of these
number. (1978)
2
5. The equation x3 / 4(log 2 x ) + log 2 x -5 / 4 = 2 has 6. Sketch the solution set of the following system of
(a) at least one real solution (1989 - 2 Marks) inequalities:
(b) exactly three solutions x2 + y2 – 2x ³ 0; 3x – y – 12 £ 0; y – x £ 0; y ³ 0. (1978)
(c) exactly one irrational solution 7. Find all integers x for which (1978)
(d) complex roots. (5x – 1) < (x + 1)2 < (7x – 3).
8. If a, b are the roots of x2 + px + q = 0 and g, d are the roots
of x2 + rx + s = 0, evaluate (a - g) (a - d) (b - g) 20. Solve | x 2 + 4 x + 3 | +2 x + 5 = 0 (1988 - 5 Marks)
(b - d) in terms of p, q, r and s. 21. Let a, b, c be real. If ax2 + bx + c = 0 has two real roots a and
Deduce the condition that the equations have a common c b
root. (1979) b , where a < -1 and b > 1 , then show that 1 + + < 0 .
a a
9. Given n4 < 10n for a fixed positive integer n ³ 2,
(1995 - 5 Marks)
prove that (n + 1)4 < 10n + 1. (1980)
22. Let S be a square of unit area. Consider any quadrilateral
( x + 1) ( x - 3) which has one vertex on each side of S. If a, b, c, and d
10. Let y = (1980) denote the lengths of the sides of the quadrilateral, prove
( x - 2)
that 2 £ a2+b2+c2+d2 £ 4. (1997 - 5 Marks)
Find all the real values of x for which y takes real values.
23. If a, b are the roots of ax2 + bx + c = 0, ( a ¹ 0 ) and
11. For what values of m, does the system of equations
3x + my = m a + d, b + d are the roots of Ax2 + Bx + C = 0, ( A ¹ 0) for

2x – 5y = 20 b2 - 4ac B2 - 4 AC
some constant d , then prove that = .
has solution satisfying the conditions x > 0, y > 0. (1980) a2 A2
12. Find the solution set of the system (1980) (2000 - 4 Marks)
x + 2y + z = 1; 24. Let a, b, c be real numbers with a ¹ 0 and let a, b be the roots
of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0. Express the roots of
2x – 3y – w = 2;
a3x2 + abcx + c3 = 0 in terms of a, b. (2001 - 4 Marks)
x ³ 0; y ³ 0; z ³ 0; w ³ 0.
25. If x + (a – b) x + (1 – a – b) = 0 where a, b Î R then find the
2

13. Show that the equation esin x – e – sin x – 4 = 0 has no real values of a for which equation has unequal real roots for all
solution. (1982 - 2 Marks) values of b. (2003 - 4 Marks)
14. mn squares of euqal size are arranged to from a rectangle of 26. If a, b, c are positive real numbers. Then prove that
dimension m by n, where m and n are natural numbers.Two (a + 1)7 (b + 1)7 (c + 1)7 > 77 a 4 b4 c 4 (2004 - 4 Marks)
squares will be called ‘neighbours’ if they have exactly one
27. Let a and b be the roots of the equation x2 – 10cx – 11d = 0
common side. A natural number is written in each square
and those of x2 – 10ax – 11b = 0 are c, d then the value of
such that the number written in any square is the arithmetic
mean of the numbers written in its neighbouring squares. a + b + c + d, when a ¹ b ¹ c ¹ d, is. (2006 - 6M)
Show that this is possible only if all the numbers used are
equal. (1982 - 5 Marks)
G Comprehension Based Questions
15. If one root of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is
equal to the n-th power of the other, then show that PASSAGE–1
1 1 Let p, q be integers and let a, b be the roots of the equation,
n n +1
(ac ) + (a n
c ) +1
n +b = 0 (1983 - 2 Marks) x2 – x – 1 = 0, where a ¹ b. For n = 0, 1, 2, ...., let an = pan + q bn.
FACT : If a and b are rational numbers and a +b 5 = 0, then
16. Find all real values of x which satisfy x 2 - 3 x + 2 > 0 and
a = 0 = b.s (JEE Adv. 2017)
x2 - 2x - 4 £ 0 (1983 - 2 Marks) 1. a12 =
2
-3 2
-3
(a) a11 – a10
17. Solve for x; (5 + 2 6 ) x + (5 - 2 6 ) x = 10
(b) a11 + a10
(1985 - 5 Marks)
(c) 2a11 + a10
18. For a £ 0, determine all real roots of the equation (d) a11 + 2a10
x 2 - 2 a | x - a | - 3a 2 = 0 (1986 - 5 Marks) 2. If a4= 28, then p + 2q = (JEE Adv. 2017)
(a) 21 (b) 14
2x 1
19. Find the set of all x for which > (c) 7 (d) 12
2
(2 x + 5 x + 2) ( x + 1)
(1987 - 3 Marks)
 H Assertion & Reason Type Questions I Integer Value Correct Type
1. Let a, b, c, p, q be real numbers. Suppose a, b are the roots 1. Let (x, y, z) be points with integer coordinates satisfying the
1 system of homogeneous equations :
of the equation x2 + 2px + q = 0 and a , are the roots of
b 3x – y – z = 0
– 3x + z = 0
the equation ax2 + 2bx + c = 0, where b2 Ï {-1, 0, 1}
– 3x + 2y + z = 0
STATEMENT - 1 : (p2 – q) (b2 – ac) ³ 0
Then the number of such points for which
and
x2 + y2 + z2 £ 100 is (2009)
STATEMENT - 2 : b ¹ pa or c ¹ qa (2008)
2. The smallest value of k, for which both the roots of the
(a) STATEMENT - 1 is True, STATEMENT - 2 is True; equation
STATEMENT - 2 is a correct explanation for
x2 – 8kx + 16 (k2 – k + 1) = 0
STATEMENT - 1
(b) STATEMENT - 1 is True, STATEMENT - 2 is True; are real, distinct and have values at least 4, is (2009)
STATEMENT - 2 is NOT a correct explanation for 3. The minimum value of the sum of real numbers a , a–4,
–5

STATEMENT - 1 3a–3, 1, a8 and a10 where a > 0 is (2011)

(c) STATEMENT - 1 is True, STATEMENT - 2 is False 4. The number of distinct real roots of
(d) STATEMENT - 1 is False, STATEMENT - 2 is True x4 – 4x3 + 12x2 + x – 1 = 0 is (2011)