1 Page 1 of 18 (@) The Earth may be considered to be a uni‘orm sphere of radius 6.38 x 10®m. Its mass is assumed to be concentrated at its centre. Given that the gravitational field strength at the Farth's surface is 9.81 Nkg-', show that ‘the mass of the Earth is 5.99 1074kg. 2] (b) A satellite is placed in geostationary orbit around the Earth. (i) Caloulate the angular speed of the satellite in its orbit. angular speed rads [3] (ii) Using the data in (a), determine the radius of the orbit. radius = . cee [3] ‘oroziansio2 For1 Page 2 of 18 pe The orbit of the Earth, mass 6.0 x 10% kg, may be assumed to be a circle of radius 1.5 x 10''m with the Sun at its centre, as illustrated in Fig. 1.1. Earth, mass 6.0 x 102 kg Sun 45x10" Fig. 1.1 The time taken for one orbit is 3.2 x 107s. (a) Calculate (i) the magnitude of the angular velocity of thé Earth about the Sun, angular velocity (li) the magnitude of the centripetal force acting on the Earth. N [2] 9702/0405 varies(b) (i) State the origin of the centripetal force calculated in (a)(ii). Page 3 of 18 (li) Determine the mass of the Sun. mass = 9702/0405 (1) kg [3]1 Page 4 of 18 (a) (I) Define the radian. ‘A small mass is attached to a string. The mass is rot constant speed, as shown in Fig. 1.1. ~ mass rotating at constant speed ting about a fixed point P at Fig.1.1 Explain what is meant by the angularspeed about point P of the mass. 9702/0408Page 5 of 18 For (b) A horizontal flat plate is free to rotate about a vertical axis through its centre, as shown. Exaniers in Fig. 1.2. pee | G5 plate Fig. 1.2 Assmall mass M is placed on the plate, a distance d from the axis of rotation. The speed of rotation of the plate is gradually increased from zero until the mass is seen to slide off the plate. The maximum frictional force F between the plate and the mass is given by the expression F=0.72W, where Wis the weight of the mass M. The distance dis 35cm. Determine the maximum number of revolutions of the plate per minute for the mass M to remain on the plate. Explain your working. number 5) (c) The plate in (b) is covered, when stationary, with mud. ‘Suggest and explain whether mud near the edge of the plate or near the centre will first leave the plate as the angular speed of the plate is slowly increased. 9702/04081 Page 6 of 18 A particle is following a circular path and is observed to have an angular displacement of 10.3". (@)_ Express this angle in radians (rad). Show your working and give your answer to three significant figures. angle = .... rad [2] (b) (i) Determine tan10.3? to three significant figures. tant0.9° = i) Hence calculate the percentage eror that is made when the angle 10.3°, as measured in radians, is assumed to be equal to tan10.3°. percentage error = (1 aha1 Page 7 of 18 (a) Explain (i) what is meant by a radian, 1] (b) An elastic cord has an unextended length of 13.0¢m. One end of the cord is attached to a fixed point C. A small mass of weight 5.0N is hung from the free end of the cord. The cord extends to a length of 14.8cm, as shown in Fig. 1.1. -p-7e 14.80m| small mass Fig.1.1 The cord and mass are now made to rotate at constant angular speed « in a vertical plane about point C. When the cord is vertical and above C, its length is the unextended length of 13.0cm, as shown in Fig. 1.2. 9702/0NORNVO7 BannersPage 8 of 18 13.00m -p-9e -Patc L Fig. 1.2 Fig. 1.3 (i) Show that the angular speed @ of the cord and mass is 8.7 rads~. @ (ii) The cord and mass fotate’so that the cord is vertically below C, as shown in Fig. 1.3. Calculate the length L of the cord, assuming it obeys Hooke’s law. L 7 om [4] 9702/0NORNVO7 BannersPage 9 of 18 A spherical planet has mass M and radius R. The planet may be assumed to be isolated in space and to have its mass concentrated at its centre. The planet spins on its axis with angular speed «as illustrated in Fig. 1.1. a mass m equator of ~ planet pole of planet Fig.1.1 A small object of mass m rests on the equator of the planet. The surface of the planet exerts ‘a normal reaction force on the mass. (a) State formulae, in terms of M, m, Rand @, for (the gravitational force between the planet and the object, (ii) the centripetal force required for circular motion of the small mass, the normal reaction exerted by the planet on the mass. (b) (i) Explain why the normal reaction on the mass will have different values at the equator‘and at the poles. s702/0¥ORN08Page 10 of 18 i) The radius of the planet is 6.4 x 108m. It completes one revolution in 8.6 x 104s. Calculate the magnitude of the centripetal acceleration at 1. the equator, acceleration = .. 2. one of the poles. acceleration ms [1] (c) Suggest two factors that could, in the case of a real planet, cause variations in the acceleration of free fall at its surface. fl s702/0¥ORN08Page 11 of 18 1 (a) Define the radian. [2] (b) A stone of weight 3.0N is fixed, using glue, to one end P of a rigid rod CP, as shown in Fig. 1.1. stone, ' c jy Weight 3.0N Fig. 1.1 The rod is rotated about end C so that the stone moves in a vertical circle of radius 85cm. ‘The angular speed « of the rod and stone is gradually increased from zero until the glue ‘snaps. The glue fixing the stone snaps when the tension in it is 18N. For the position of the stone at which the glue snaps, ()_ on the dotted circle of Fig. 1.1, mark with the letter S the position of the stone, [1] (ii) calculate the angular speed w of the stone. anguler speed = . rads" [4] @UCLES 2010 s7ozainsrioPage 12 0f 18 7 (a) Define the radian. (2) (b) A telescope gives a clear view of a distant object when the angular displacement between the ‘edges of the object is at least 9.7% 10-red (i) The Moon is approximately 3.8 x 108m from Earth. Estimate the minimum diameter of a circular crater on the Moon's surface that can be seen using the telescope. diameter = nen sees KM [2] Gi) Suggest why craters of the same diameter as that calculated in (i) but on the surface of Mars are not visible using this telescope. @UCLES 2014 svonenasriaPage 13 of 18 2 Alarge bowl is made from part of a hollow sphere. A small spherical ball is placed inside the bowl and is given a horizontal speed. The ball follows a horizontal circular path of constant radius, as shown in Fig. 2.1. ball ~ Fig. 2.1 The forces acting on the ball are its weight W and the normal reaction force of the bowl on the ball, as shown in Fig. 2.2. vw Fig. 2.2 The normal reaction force Fis at an angle @to the horizontal. (@) ()_ By resolving the reaction force R into two perpendicular components, show that the resultant force F acting on the ball is given by the expression W = Ftano, (2) @UCLES 2014 97ORIA ONGPage 14 of 18 (ii) State the significance of the force F for the motion of the ball in the bowl. (b) The ball moves in a circular path of radius 14cm. For this radius, the angle is 26°. Calculate the speed of the ball. speed =: . meerereeneeees MST [3] @UCLES 2014 97ORIA ONG [Turn overPage 15 of 18 ‘Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. 1 (a) With reference to velocity and acceleration, describe uniform circular motion. . 2 (b) Two cars are moving around a horizontal circular track. One car follows path X and the other follows path Y, as shown in Fig. 1.1. start and finish line ——___ Fig. 1.1 (not to scale) The radius of path X is 318m. Path Y is parallel to, and 27m outside, path X. Both cars have mass 790kg. The maximum lateral (sideways) friction force F that the cars can experience without sliding is the same for both cars. (i) The maximum speed at which the car on path X can move around the track without sliding is 94ms-" Calculate F. .N (2) ‘@uctes 2021 TOR VOINA! 970214310121Page 16 of 18 (ii) Both cars move around the track. Each car has the maximum speed at which it can ‘@uctes 2021 move without sliding. Complete Table 1.1, by placing one tick in each row, to indicate how the quantities indicated for the car on path Y compare with the car on path X. Table 1.1 Y less than X YsameasX | Y greater than X centripetal acceleration maximum speed time taken for one lap of the track 8) (Total: 7] sroae ron: 9702430N21 [Turn overPage 17 of 18 ‘Answer all the questions in the spaces provided. 41 (a). State what is meant by centripetal acceleration. (b) An unpowered toy car moves freely along a smooth track that is initially horizontal. The track contains a vertical circular loop around which the car travels, as shown in Fig. 1.1. 62cm oop toy car mass 2309 track Fig. 1.1 ‘The mass of the car is 230g and the diameter of the loop is 62cm. Assume that the resistive forces acting on the car are negligible. (i) State what happens’to the, magnitude of the centripetal acceleration of the car as it moves around the loop from X to Y. 7 “ (1) (ii) Explain, if the car remains in contact with the track, why the centripetal acceleration of the car at point ¥ must be greater than 9.8ms~ . 21 ‘@uctes 2021 9702Ia0NIPage 18 of 18 ()_ The initial speed at which the car in (b) moves along the track is 3.8ms~* Determine whether the car is in contact with the track at point Y. Show your working, Gl (4) Suggest, with a reason but without calculation, whether your conclusion in (c) would be different for a car of mass 460g moving with the same initial speed. [Total: 8] ‘@uctes 2021 9702Ia0NI [Turn over