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74 views6 pagesClass 9 CH 6 Lines and Angles
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Sanchay KumarCopyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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6. LINES AND ANGLE
Important Notes:
What is angle?
‘An angle is formed by two rays with a common endpoint. The Common end point is known as the
vertex of the angle and the rays as the sides, sometimes as the legs and sometimes the arms of the
angle.
x
verse ail “Sside:
V4
angle
We denote the angle by symbol 2, If A is the Vertex, then angle could be represented as 2A.
Adjacent Angles
Two angles are called adjacent angles if they have a common vertex also one common arm. The other
arms of the angle should be opposite side of the common arms.
Complimentary Angles
‘Two angles, whose sum of measures is 90° is called Complimentary Angles.
Each of these Complimentary Angles are called the complement of each other.
Supplementary Angles
Two angles, whose sum of measures is 180° is called Supplementary Angles. Each of these
Supplementary Angles are called the supplement of each other.
Linear Pair Angles
Ifa ray stands on a line, then the sum of the adjacent angles so formed is 180° and if the sum of the
pair of adjacent angles is 180°, then the non-common arms of the angles form a line.
Vertically opposite angles
Iftwo lines intersect with each other, then vertically opposite angles are equal
Transversal across the parallel lines
If the transversal intersects two parallel lines as shown in below figure
‘We can see following angles as depicted in the figure above:
1. 21,22, 23, 24 are on the first parallel line and 25, 26, 27, 28 are on the second parallel line
2. The angles £1, 22, 26, 27 are called exterior angles while the angles 24, 23, 25, 28 are called
interior angles.
3. Corresponding Angles: The angles on the same side of the transversal are known as Corresponding
angles. And Corresponding Angles axiom states that: 21 = 28, 22 = 25, 24.= 27, £3=26. 4, Each pair of alternate interior angles are equal: £3 = 28 and 24 = 25
5. Co-interior Angles: Each pair of interior angles on the same side of the tr
supplementary
£4428= 180 and 23 +25 = 180°
Converse of transversal across the parallel Lines
Ifa transversal intersect two lines such that either
any one pair of corresponding angles are equal
2. any one pair of alternate interior angles are equal
3. any one pair of interior angles on the same side of the transversal is supplementary
then the two lines are parallel
Parallel lines axiom
Lines which are parallel to a given line are parallel with each other.
Angle sum property of triangles
nsversal is
AZ”
‘The sum ofall three angles of the triangle is 180° i.e. 2A +2B +24
Exterior angle property of triangles
If the side of the triangle is produced, the exterior angle formed is equal to the sum of the interior
opposite angle ie. 24 = 21+ 22
80°
KEY POINTS
Line is a collection of points which has only length neither breadth nor thickness.
Line segment: A part of portion ofa line with two end points.
Ray: A part of a line with one end point.
Collinear points: Three or more points lying on the same line,
Angle: An angle is formed when two rays originate from the same end point. The rays making an angle
are called the arms and the end point is the vertex.
6. Acute angle: An angle measure between 0° and 90°
7. Right angle: Angle exactly equal to 90°
8. Obtuse angle: An angle greater than 90° but less than 180°
9. Straight angle: An angle exactly equal to 180°
10, Reflex angle: An Angle greater than 180° but less than 360°
11, Complimentary Angles: A pair of angles whose sum is 90°
12, Supplementary Angle: A pair of angles whose sum is 180°
13, Adjacent angles: Two angles are adjacent if (i) They have a common vertex (ii) A common arm (iii)
Their non-common arms are on opposite sides of common arm.
14, Linear pair of angles: A pair of adjacent angles whose sum is 180°
ZAOB & ZCOB are forming li 15, Intersecting line: Two lines are said to be intersecting when the perpendicular distance between the
two lines is not same everywhere. They meet at one point.
16. Non intersecting lines: Two lines are said to be non-intersecting lines when the perpendicular
distance between them is same everywhere. They do not meet.
If these lines are in the same plane these are known as Parallel lines,
MCQs (1 MARK EACH)
1. Lines which are parallel to the same line are to each other.
(a) parallel
(b) perpendicular
(0) intersecting lines
(a) all of the above
2. Ifa transversal intersects two parallel lines, then
(a) each pair of corresponding angles is equal
(b) each pair of alternate interior exterior angles are equal
(c) each pair of co-interior angles are supplementary
(d) all of the above
3. Inthe given figure POQ isa line. The value of x is
(a) 20°
(b) 25°
() 30°
(a) 35°
4, Angle ZABC in given figis a/an ‘
(a) Acute angle "
(b) Obtuse angle
(c) Reflex angle
(d) None of these 7
5. Inthe given figures, which of the two lines are parallel?
(a) Lines | | m
(b) Lines p lq
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
6. Lookat the fig, if AB Il CD Il EF,PQ | RS, 2RQD = 25° andZCQP = 60°, then the 2QRS is equal to:
(a) 85°
(b) 135°
(c) 145°
(a) 110° 7. If two interior angles on the same side of a transversal intersecting two parallel lines are in the ratio
2.:3, then the greater of the two angles is:
(a) 54° (b) 108°
() 120° (a)136°
8, Two angles whose sum is 90° are called:
{a) Rightangle (b) Complimentary angle
()Supplementary angle (a) None of these
9. In given fig. 24 and 26 are known as:
(a) Corresponding angles
(b) Co-interior angles
() Vertically opposite angles
(a) Alternate angles
10. Two angles forming a linear pair are
(a) Adjacent angles (©) Both (a) and (b)
(b) Supplementary angles (a) None of these
2 MARKS QUESTIONS
1. Prove that iftwo lines intersect each other, then the vertically opposite angles are equal.
2. Iffig.