22

237

LINES AND ANGLES

Usually (2-3) questions have been asked from this chapter. And this is the easiest topic of geometry
and so candidate can easily score marks in examinations.

In this chapter, we will study about the properties of Ray

the angles which formed, when two lines intersect each A ray extends indefinitely in one direction. This is
other and when a line intersect two or more parallel →
lines at distinct points. exhibited by an arrow i.e. PQ .
• P is called the initial point of the ray. The ray has no
Basic Terms and Definitions definite length.
Point Collinear Points
The figure of which length, breadth and height cannot
Three or more points are said to be collinear if a single
be measured is called a point. It is infinitesind.
straight line passes through them. Here, A, B and C are
Line Segment collinear.

The straight path between two points P and Q is called

a line segment.
Non-collinear Points
This can be represented as PQ.
Three or more points not lying on a single straight line
• P and Q are called the end points of the line segment.
are called non-collinear points. Here, A, B and C are
• The line segment has a definite length.
non-collinear points.
• Distance between P and Q is called the length of the
line segment PQ.
Line
A line segment extended endlessly on both sides, is
↔
called a line. It is denoted by PQ Intersecting Lines
↔
or QP. Two lines having a common
point are called intersecting
• A line is a set of infinite number of points.
lines. This common point
• A line have no end points and no definite length.
is the point of intersection
i.e. O.
238 CDS Pathfinder

Concurrent Lines 5. Reflex angle An angle whose measure is more than

180°, but less than 360°, is called a reflex angle.
Three or more lines intersecting A S
at the same point are said to be O O A
concurrent. This common point P Q
is the point of concurrence i.e. O. B
R B
In the given figure, 180 ° < ∠ AOB < 360 °
Non Intersecting lines/Parallel Lines
6. Complete angle An angle whose
If two lines lie in the same plane and do not intersect A
measure is 360°, is called a complete O
when produced on either side, then such
lines are said to be parallel to each other.
l angle. In the given figure, ∠AOA is a complete angle.
m
If l and m are two parallel lines, we write l || m and read
it as l is parallel to m .
Pairs of Angle
1. Complementary Angles
ANGLES Two angles are said to be
complementary, if the sum of
An angle is formed by two rays with a common initial
their measure is 90°. Thus, ∠θ1
point. Let ‘O’ is the initial point, then O is called the
and ∠θ 2 are complementary, if
vertex.
∠ θ1 + ∠ θ 2 = 90 ° θ1
θ2
A • Complementary angles are O
complement of each other.
R

P • Complement of x is (90 ° − x ).
m
ar
angle
vertex EXAMPLE 1. The measure of an angle which is 28°
O arm B more than its complement is
Where, P is a point in the interior of ∠AOB and R is a a. 23° b. 59° c. 77° d. None of these
point in the exterior of ∠AOB. Sol. b. Let the measure of the required angle be x°. Then,
measure of its complement = 90° − x
Types of Angle ∴ x − (90° − x) = 28° ⇔ 2x = 118°
1. Acute angle An angle whose measure is more than
⇔ x = 59°
0°, but less than 90°, is called an acute angle.
Hence, the measure of the required angle is 59°.
A
EXAMPLE 2. The measure of the complement of an
angle of 48° 36 ′ 24′ ′ is
O B a. 41°23′ 36′′ b. 42°23′ 36′ c. 41°24′ 36′′ d. 42°24′ 36′′
In the given figure, 0 ° < ∠AOB < 90 ° Sol. a. As, 90° = 89° 59′ 60′′
A ∴ Complement of an angle of ( 48° 36′ 24′′)
2. Right angle An angle whose measure is
90°, is called a right angle. = Angle of [90° − 48° 36′ 24′′ ]
In the given figure, ∠AOB = 90 °. = Angle of [89° 59′ 60′′ − 48° 36′ 24′′]
O B
= Angle of ( 41° 23′ 36′′)
3. Obtuse angle An angle whose measure is more than
90° but less than 180°, is called an obtuse angle. 2. Supplementary Angles
A
Two angles are said to be supplementary, if the sum of
their measures is 180°. Thus, ∠ θ1 and ∠θ 2 are
O B supplementary if θ1 + θ 2 = 180 °
In the given figure, 90 ° < ∠ AOB < 180 °.
θ2
4. Straight angle An angle whose θ1
• • •
measure is 180°, is called a straight A O B
angle. • Supplementary angles are supplement of each other.
In the figure, ∠ AOB = 180 ° • Supplement of x is (180 ° − x).
MATHEMATICS Lines and Angles 239

EXAMPLE 3. The measure of an angle, which is 32° If two lines PQ and RS intersects at a point O, then the
less than its supplement is pair of ∠POR and ∠QOS or pair of ∠POS and ∠ROQ
a. 31° b. 64° c. 74° d. 148° is said to be a pair of vertically opposite angles.
Sol. c. Let the measure of the required angle be x. Then, P
S
measure of its supplement = (180° − x)
∴ (180° − x) − x = 32° ⇔ 2x = 148° ⇔ x = 74° O

R Q
EXAMPLE 4. Two supplementary angles are in the
ratio 3 : 2. Then, the measurement of the smaller angle is • Vertically opposite angles are always equal
a. 36° b. 72° c. 108° d. 112° i.e. ∠POS = ∠ROQ and ∠POR = ∠SOQ .
Sol. b. Let the supplementary angles be 3x and 2x, • Sum of the angles around a point is 360 °.
respectively. Then, according to the definition of
EXAMPLE 5. In the given figure if DOC is a straight
supplementary angle.
ray OB is bisector of ∠AOC, where ∠AOC = 110 ° and
3x + 2x = 180° ∠COE = 120 °, then the sum of ∠x, ∠y and ∠z is
⇒ 5x = 180° ⇒ x = 36°
A
∴ Angles will be 3x = 3 × 36 = 108° B

and 2x = 2 × 36 = 72°. 110°

y z
Thus, the smaller angle is 72°. O
D x C
120°
Bisector of an Angle
A ray which divides the angle into
P E
two equal parts, is called the bisector
of an angle. S a. 160° b. 115° c. 170° d. 180°
If a ray OS is the bisector of ∠POQ, Sol. d. Since, DOC is a straight line
O
then ∠POS = ∠QOS. Q ∠AOC + ∠DOA = 180° [Linear pair]
1 110° + ∠DOA = 180° [Q ∠AOC = 110° ]
• ∠POS = ∠QOS = ∠POQ
2 ∠DOA = 70°
∠DOA = ∠y = 70°
Adjacent Angles Also, ray OB is angle bisector of ∠AOC
Two angles are said to be adjacent, if ∠AOC 110°
∠z = = = 55°
(i) they have a common vertex. 2 2
R
(ii) they have a common arm Q Line BE and DC intersect each other at O.
Q
(iii) their non-common arms are on ∠x = ∠z = 55° [Q vertically opposite angle]
either side of the common arm. O P
∴ ∠x + ∠y + ∠z = 55°+70°+55° = 180°
Here, ∠POQ and ∠ROQ are adjacent angles.

Linear Pairs of Angles Some Other Angles

Let l and m are parallel lines and n is the transversal
If the non-common arms of two adjacent angles form a
which cuts these parallel lines. The different angles
line, then these angles are called linear pair of angles.
formed are as follows.
∠ROP and ∠ROQ form a linear pair of angles.
n
R

2 1 l
P O Q 3
4
∴ ∠POQ = ∠ROP + ∠ROQ = 180 °
6 5 m
Vertically Opposite Angles 7 8
Two angles are called a pair of vertically opposite
angles, if their arms form two pairs of opposite rays.
240 CDS Pathfinder

1. Corresponding angles Corresponding angle pairs EXAMPLE 6. In the given figure, PQ || RS . The value of
are x is
∠1 and ∠5, ∠ 2 and ∠6, ∠ 4 and ∠8, ∠ 3 and ∠7 and T
all the corresponding pair are equal x
100
i.e., ∠1 = ∠5, ∠2 = ∠6, ∠4 = ∠8 and ∠3 = ∠7. R S
50
Q
2. Vertically opposite angles Vertically opposite P
angles pairs are a. 50° b. 80° c. 75° d. 65°
∠1 and ∠ 3, ∠ 4 and ∠ 2, ∠8 and ∠6, ∠5 and ∠7 and Sol. a. Draw AB || PQ
all vertically opposite angles are equal ∴ ∠ATP = ∠TPQ = 50° [alternate angles]
i.e., ∠1 = ∠3, ∠4 = ∠2, ∠8 = ∠6 and ∠5 = ∠7. and ∠BTR + ∠TRS = 180°
[Angles on the same side of transversal]
3. Alternate angles Alternate angles pairs are T
∠ 3 and ∠5, ∠ 4 and ∠6 and they are equal A B
x
i.e., ∠3 = ∠5 and ∠4 = ∠6. 100°
S
• The sum of interior angles on the same side of R
50°
transversal is equal to 180 °. P Q
i.e., ∠3 + ∠6 = 180 ° and ∠4 + ∠5 = 180 °
⇒ ∠BTR = 80°
• The sum of exterior angles on the same side of and ∠ATP + x + ∠BTR = 180° [ Q ATB is a straight line]
transversal is equal to 180°.
i.e., ∠2 + ∠7 = 180 ° and ∠1 + ∠8 = 180 ° ∴ x = 180° − ( 50° + 80° ) = 50°

PRACTICE EXERCISE
1. Three lines intersect each other in pairs. What is 7. If ∠1 = ( 5x − 20)° and ∠7 = ( 2x + 10)°, then ∠7 is
the total number of angles so formed? l
(a) 3 (b) 6 (c) 9 (d) 12
1 2
2. An angle is 14° more than its complement. Then, m 3 4
its measure is
(a) 166° (b) 86° (c) 76° (d) 52°
5 6
3. The measure of an angle is twice the measure of n 8 7
its supplementary angle. So, its measure is
(a) 120° (b) 60° (c) 100° (d) 90°
(a) 38° (b) 10°
4. What is the least number of straight lines for a (c) 30° (d) 70°
bounded plane figure?
8. The measure of complementary angle of 12° 25′
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4
40′′ is
3 (a) 77° 34′ 20′′ (b) 77° 36′ 20′′ (c) 77° 24′ 20′′ (d) 77° 34′
5. The supplement of of a right angle is
5
(a) 122° (b) 126° (c) 130° (d) 132°
9. ∠POR and ∠QOR form a linear pair and if
a − b = 80°, then the values of a and b are,
6. In the given figure, if PQ||SR, then the relation respectively
between ∠a and ∠b is R
a
P A Q
a°
b°
B P O Q
S R
b
(a) 95°, 85° (b) 108°, 72°
(a) ∠a ≠ ∠b (b) ∠a < ∠b (c) ∠a = ∠b (d) ∠a > ∠b (c) 130°, 50° (d) 105°, 75°
MATHEMATICS Lines and Angles 241

10. In the given figure, the value of y is 17. The value of x in the given figure is
C F A
P 45°
5y O 2y
A B
5y x B

E D 30°
(a) 25° (b) 35° (c) 15° (d) 40° Q C
11. AB and CD are two parallel lines. PQ cuts AB and (a) 75° (b) 185°
CD at E and F, respectively. EL is the bisector of (c) 285° (d) 245°
∠FEB. If ∠LEB = 35°; then ∠CFQ will be 18. In the given figure, AB||CD, ∠DPL =
1
∠NPO,
(a) 110° (b) 85° (c) 70° (d) 95° and OP⊥ XY the value of x° is 2
12. AB and CD are two B X
A
parallel lines. The 65° E F
points B and C are M 60°
35° A B
joined such that
∠ABC = 65°. A line D O L
CE is drawn making C
N x
angle of 35° with the line CB, EF is drawn parallel C D
P
to AB, as show in figure, then ∠CEF is equal to Y
(a) 160° (b) 155° (c) 150° (d) 145° (a) 30° (b) 40° (c) 15° (d) 25°
13. In the given figure, if EC|| AB, ∠ECD = 70°, 19. In the given figure, AB||CD and they cut PQ
∠BDO = 20°, then ∠OBD is equal to and QR at E, F and G , H respectively. Then find
the value of x + y
E A A C
x Gx Q
y
70° O E
C D 140°
20° H
P 70°
B
(a) 70° (b) 60° (c) 50° (d) 20°
14. Two parallel lines AB and CD are intersected by F
a transversal line EF at M and N , respectively. R
B D
The lines MP and NP are the bisectors of the
interior angles BMN and DNM on the same side (a) 120° (b) 130°
(c) 150° (d) 132°
of the transversal. Then, ∠MPN is equal to
(a) 90° (b) 45° (c) 135° (d) 60° 20. Two parallel lines are cut by a transversal, then
15. In the given figure if l|| m, then the value of x is which of the following are true?
A I. Pair of alternate interior angles are congruent.
l
100° II. Pair of corresponding angles are congruent.
x+5
III. Pair of interior angles on the same side of the
O transversal are supplementary.
30° m
B Select the correct answer using the codes given
(a) 105° (b) 100° (c) 110° (d) 115° below
16. In the given figure, if ∠COE = 90°, then the (a) I, II and III are true (b) I and III are true
value of x is (c) I and II are true (d) II and III are true
A
D
21. Consider the following statements related to
z three lines L1 , L2 and L3 in the same plane.
2x O y
I. If L 2 and L3 are both parallel to L1 , then they
x
90° are parallel to each other.
C B II. If L 2 and L3 are both perpendicular to L1 then
E they are parallel to each other.
III. If there is acute angle between L1 and L3 , then
(a) 120° (b) 60° (c) 45° (d) 30° L 2 is parallel to L3 .
242 CDS Pathfinder

Which of the statement(s) given above is/are 27. In the given figure, which of the
correct? following statements must be true? b c
(a) I and II (b) II and III I. a + b = d + c II. a + c + e = 180° a d
(c) All of these (d) None of these III. b + f = c + e IV. a + b + c = d + e + f f e
22. In the given figure, AB||CD, then which one of Select the correct answer using the codes
the following is true? given below
A E B (a) Only I (b) I, II and III
p° (c) II, III and IV (d) All of these
q° F 28. In the given figure, AB is parallel to CD. If
∠BAF = 98° and ∠AFC = 144°, then ∠ECD is
r° equal to?
C G D A B
(a) p + q − r = 180° (b) p + q + r = 180° 98°
(c) p − q + r = 180° (d) p + q − 2 r = 180° F 144°
23. LM is a straight line and O is a point on LM.
Line ON is drawn not coinciding with OL or OM. C D
If ∠MON is one-third of ∠LON , then what is
E
∠MON equal to?
(a) 45° (b) 60° (a) 62° (b) 64°
(c) 75° (d) 80° (c) 82° (d) 84°

24. Consider the following statements : 29. Consider the following statements :
If two parallel lines are intersected by a
Two lines intersected by a transversal are
transversal, then
parallel, if
I. each pair of corresponding angles are equal.
I. The pairs of corresponding angles are equal.
II. each pair of alternate angle are unequal.
II. The interior angles on the same side of the
transversal are supplementary. Which of the statement(s) given above is/are
correct?
Which of the statement(s) given above is/are (a) Only I (b) Only II
correct? (c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II
(a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II 30. In the given figure, PQ is parallel to RS. Then
∠NMS is equal to
25. In the given figure AC|| BD and AE|| BF . What L
P Q
is the value of ∠x ? 55° 47°
C D
67° N

130°
A B
x R M S
60°
(a) 20° (b) 23° (c) 27° (d) 47°
G
E F 31. The line segments AB and CD intersect at O. OF
is the internal bisector of obtuse ∠BOC and OE
(a) 130° (b) 110°
(c) 70° (d) 50° is the internal bisector of acute ∠AOC. If
∠BOC = 130°, then what is the measure of
26. The necessary conditions for the line l and m to ∠FOE ?
be parallel when these lines are intersected by a (a) 90° (b) 110° (c) 115° (d) 120°
transversal line n is that
I. Interior angles on the same side are equal.
32. In the given figure below, AB is parallel to LM.
What is the angle a equal to?
II. Corresponding angles are equal.
A b B
III. Vertically opposite angles are equal.
a
IV. Alternate interior angles are equal.
L c M
Select the correct answer using the codes given
below (a) π + b + c (b) 2 π − b + c
(a) II and III (b) I, II and III (c) II and IV (d) I, II and IV (c) 2 π − b − c (d) 2 π + b − c
MATHEMATICS Lines and Angles 243

33. In the given figure, PQ is parallel to RS. What is Which of the statement(s) given above is/are
the angle between the lines PQ and LM? correct? e 2012 I
P (a) Only III (b) Only I (c) I and III (d) II and III
Q
55°
40. In the given figure, LOM is a straight line.
What is the value of x° ? e 2012 II
L
M Q P
155°
30°
R 25° S
50°
(a) 175° (b) 177° (c) 179° (d) 180° (x + 20)° (x – 10)°
L M
O
34. The length of a line segment AB is 2 units. It is
(a) 45° (b) 60° (c) 70° (d) 80°
divided into two parts at the point C such that
AC 2 = AB × CB. What is the length of CB ? 41. If the arms of one angle are respectively parallel
(a) 3 + 5 units (b) 3 − 5 unit to the arms of another angle, then the two
(c) 2 − 5 unit (d) 3 units angles are e 2013 I
(a) Neither equal nor supplementary
Directions (Q.Nos 35-36) Read the information and (b) not equal but supplementary
answer the questions.' (c) equal but not supplementary
In the given figure, the lines CB and AC of a (d) Either equal or supplementary
triangle ABC are extended to D and F, respectively 42. The complement angle of 80° is e 2015 I
and CF || GE. 18 5π
(a) radian (b) radian
D 95° E F π 9
π 9
(c) radian (d) radian
G 18 5π

C y° 43. Let OA,OB,OC and OD be rays in the

x° anti-clockwise direction? Such that
∠AOB = ∠COD = 100°, ∠BOC = 82°
35° z° and ∠AOD = 78°.
A B
Consider the following statements
35. The sum of the value of x, y and z. I. AOC and BOD are lines.
(a) 250° (b) 180° (c) 230° (d) 110° II. ∠BOC and ∠AOD are supplementary. e 2015 I
36. The value of the angle which equals one-fifth of Which of the statement(s) given above is/are
the supplement of z ? correct?
(a) 50° (b) 26° (c) 10° (d) 130° (a) Only I (b) Only II
(c) Both I and II (d) Neither I nor II

PREVIOUS YEARS’ QUESTIONS 44. If a transversal intersects four parallel straight

lines, then the number of distinct values of the
37. AB is a straight line. C is a point whose distance angles formed will be e 2016 I
from AB is 3 cm. What is the number of points (a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8 (d) 16
which are at a distance of 1 cm from AB and
5 cm from C ? e 2012 I
45. p
(a) 1 (b) 2 (c) 3 (d) 4 80° z 40 x 3
°
38. The ratio of two complementary angle is 1 : 5.
What is the difference between the two angles?
e 2012 I 100° x y
q
(a) 60° (b) 90°
In the figure given above, p and q are parallel
(c) 120° (d) Cannot be determined
lines. What are the values of the angles x, y
39. Consider the following statements : and z ? e 2016 I
If two straight lines intersect, then (a) x = 80°, y = 40°, z = 100°
I. vertically opposite angles are equal. (b) x = 80° , y = 50°, z = 105°
II. vertically opposite angles are supplementary. (c) x = 70°, y = 40° , z = 110°
III. adjacent angles are complementary. (d) x = 60°, y = 20°, z = 120°
244 CDS Pathfinder

ANSWERS
1 d 2 d 3 a 4 c 5 b 6 c 7 c 8 a 9 c 10 c
11 a 12 c 13 c 14 a 15 a 16 d 17 c 18 c 19 c 20 a
21 a 22 a 23 a 24 c 25 b 26 c 27 c 28 a 29 a 30 a
31 a 32 c 33 d 34 b 35 c 36 b 37 d 38 a 39 b 40 b
41 b 42 c 43 d 44 a 45 d

HINTS AND SOLUTIONS

1. (d) We know that, when two lines 7. (c) Here, ∠ 1 = ∠5
intersect each other, it makes 4 angles. [corresponding angles] P
Since, the total number of pairs = 3 E
∠7 = ∠5 (vertical opposite) A B
35°
⇒ ∠1 = ∠7 (angle)
L
So, 5x − 20° = 2x + 10° F
3x = 30° ⇒ x = 10° C D
Hence, Q
∠ 7 = 2x + 10° = 2 ( 10° ) + 10° = 30° ⇒ ∠AEB = ∠AEF + ∠BEF = 180°
[straight line]
∴ Total number of angles = 3 × 4 = 12 8. (a) Complementary angle of 12° 25′40′′ ⇒ ∠AEF = 180° − 70° = 110°
= 90° −12° 25′ 40′′ ⇒ ∠CFQ = ∠AEF = 110°
2. (d) Let angle be x and its complement be
90° − x. = 89° 59′ 60′′ − 12° 25′ 40′′ [corresponding angles]
According to the question, = (89 − 12)° + (59′ − 25′) + ( 60 − 40)′′ 12. (c) Since, AB || CD
= 77° + 34′ + 20′′ = 77° 34′ 20′′ B
x = ( 90° − x) + 14 A
⇒ 2x = 104° 9. (c) Since, ∠POR and ∠QOR is a linear 65° E F
104° pair.
⇒ x= = 52° ∴ ∠POR + ∠ROQ = 180°
35°
2
R D
3. (a) Let angle be x and its supplementary C
= 180° − x a
∴ ∠ABC = ∠BCD = 65°
Then, x = 2 ( 180° − x) b [alternate angles]
⇒ 3x = 360° P O Q ∠ECD = 65° − ∠BCE
⇒ x = 120° = 65° − 35° = 30°
⇒ a + b = 180° ... (i) ∠CEF + ∠ECD = 180°
4. (c) The least number of straight lines for and a – b = 80° ... (ii) [Angles on the same side of
a bounded plane figure is 3. On solving Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get transversal]
3 2a = 260° ⇒ a = 130° ⇒ ∠CEF = 180° − 30° = 150°
5. (b) Given, angle = of right angle
5 and b = 180° – 130° = 50° 13. (c) Since, EC || AB
3 a = 130° , b = 50°
= × 90° = 3 × 18° = 54° So,
5 E A
10. (c) Since, AOB is a straight line.
Supplement of 54° = ( 180°−54° )
∴ ∠AOB = 180°
= An angle of measure 126° 70°
∠AOC + ∠COF + ∠FOB = 180° O
C D
6. (c) We have, ∠QAB = ∠a [straight line]
20°
[vertically opposite angles] B
5 y + 5 y + 2 y = 180°
a [Q ∠COF = ∠DOE , vertically ∠AOD = ∠ECO
P A Q
opposite angles] [Q corresponding angles]
B ⇒ 12 y = 180° ⇒ ∠AOD = 70°
S R 180° So, ∠BOD = 180°−70°
b ⇒ y= = 15°
12°
= 110° [linear point]
and ∠QAB = ∠b Hence, the value of y is 15°.
Now, in ∆BOD
[corresponding angles] 11. (a) Given, ∠LEB = 35°
⇒ ∠a = ∠b ∠OBD + ∠BOD + ∠ODB = 180°
∠FEB = 2 × ∠LEB = 2 × 35° = 70° ⇒ ∠OBD = 180° − ( 110 + 20)° = 50°
MATHEMATICS Lines and Angles 245

1 and Q XY ||QC , ∠QCB = ∠CBY = 30° 24. (c) Both the statements I and II are
14. (a) Given, ∠PMN = ∠BMN
2 [alternate angles] correct.
1
and ∠PNM = ∠DNM ⇒ ∠ABC = ∠ABY + ∠CBY 25. (b) Since, AC || BD
2
⇒ ∠ABC = 45° + 30° = 75° C D
As, ∠BMN + ∠DNM = 180°
Q x = 360° − ∠ABC = 360° − 75°
[angles on the same side of transversal] 130°
∴ x = 285° B
E A
M 18. (c) Q AB || CD, ∠ONP = ∠XMB = 60° x
A B 60°
[corresponding angles]
G
P ∠OPN = 90° − ∠ONP E F
= 90° − 60° ⇒ ∠OPN = 30°
1 1 ∴ ∠DBA = 180° − 130° = 50°
C
N
D But, ∠DPL = ∠NPO = 30° [interior angle]
2 2
F ⇒ ∠DPL = 15° ⇒ x = 15° [Q BAC = 130° ]
∴ In ∆MPN , ∠PMN + ∠PNM = 90° DBG is straight line.
19. (c) Since, AB || CD and PQ is transversal
⇒ ∠MPN = 180° − ( ∠PMN + ∠PNM ) ∴ ∠DBA + ∠ABF + ∠FBG = 180°
∠PEF = ∠EGH [corresponding angles] [linear pairs]
[angle sum property]
⇒ ∠EGH = 70° [Q ∠PEF = 70°] ⇒ 50° + ∠ ABF + 60° = 180°
∴ ∠MPN = 180° − 90° = 90°
Now, ∠EGH + ∠HGQ = 180° ⇒ ∠ABF = 70°
15. (a) Draw a line n passing through O and [linear pair] Since, AE || BF
parallel to l and m ⇒ ∠HGQ = 180°−70° = 110° ∴ x = 180° − ∠ABF
Since, l || n, ∠1 + 100° = 180° Also, ∠DHQ + ∠GHQ = 180°
= 180° − 70° = 110°
[Sum of the interior angles on the [linear pair]
26. (c) When two lines are parallel
same side of the transversal] ∠GHQ = 180°−140° = 40°
intersected by a transversal then
∠1 = 80° ∴ x + y = 110° + 40° = 150° corresponding as well as alternate
Since, n || m, ∠2 = 30° [alternate angles] 20. (a) All the three statements are true. interior angles are equal.
A 21. (a) Only statements I and II are true.
l Hence, the statement II and IV are
100° 22. (a) Draw FH || AB || CD correct.

O
1 (x + 5)
n (sum of interior angles) 27. (c) We have, a = d , b = e and c = f
2
30° m ∴ ∠1 + p = 180° ...(i) [vertically opposite angles]
B A E B and a + b + c = d + e + f = 180°
Now, ∠AOB = ∠1 + ∠2 p II. a + b + c = 180° ⇒ a + c + e = 180°
= (80° + 30° ) = 110° 1 III. b + f = c + e
∠AOB = ( x + 5)° = 110° F
But,
H 2 IV. a + b + c = d + e + f
x = ( 110 − 5)° = 105° 180–r Hence, statements II, III and IV are true.
r
16. (d) Here, ∠BOD = ∠AOC 28. (a) Draw a line MN parallel to AB and
C G D
∴ 2x = y [vertically opposite angles] CD.
∠2 + 180° − r = 180° ...(ii) A B
Now, COD is a straight line.
(sum of interior angle)
∠COD = 180° 98°
On adding Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get
⇒ ∠COE + ∠EOB + ∠BOD = 180° N
⇒ 90°+ x + 2x = 180° ∠1 + ∠ 2 + p + 180° − r = 360° M
F 144°
⇒ 3x = 90° ⇒ x = 30° ⇒p + q − r = 180° [Q∠1 + ∠2 = q °]
1
Hence, the value of x is 30°. 23. (a) Given that, ∠ MON = ∠ LON C
D
17. (c) From figure, PA || QC 3
x
Let ∠ LON = x, then, ∠ MON = E
Draw a line XY parallel to PA and QC. 3
⇒ ∠AFN = 180° − 98° = 82°
P A N (sum of interior angles)
45° x ∠CFN = 144° − 82° = 62°
x/3
and ∠ECD = ∠CFN = 62°
x B L O M
X Y [corresponding angles]
We know that,
30° ∠ LON + ∠ MON = 180° [linear pair] 29. (a) If two parallel lines are intersected by
a transversal, then each pair of
Q C x 180°×3
⇒ x + = 180° ⇒ x = = 135° corresponding angles and of alternate
Q PA||XY , 3 4
x 135° angles are equal.
⇒ ∠ABY = ∠PAB = 45°
Thus, ∠ MON = = = 45° Therefore, statement I is correct.
[alternate angles] 3 3
246 CDS Pathfinder

30. (a) Since, PQ || RS ∴ ∠EOP = ∠OPB = b [alternate angle] 37. (d) ∴ Required number of points
∴ ∠PLM = ∠LMS = 55° and ∠EON = ∠ONM = c = 4 (P , P , P , P )
1 2 3 4
[alternate angle] [alternate angle] C
Draw a line EF which is parallel to PQ. ⇒ ∠PON = b + c
Then, ∠QLN = ∠LNE = 47° Q ∠PON + a = 2 π
Q ∠ENL + ∠MNE = 67° ∴ a = 2 π − ∠PON = 2 π − b − c 5 cm 5 cm
L 33. (d) 3 cm

5c
P Q P

m
55° 47° Q

5c

m
55°
21 cm 21 cm
67° N P1 P2
E F 1 cm
L
M A B
30° 155° 1 cm
R 25° S P4
R M S P3
PQ || RS …(i) 3 cm 3 cm
⇒ 47° + ∠MNE = 67°
Since, ∠PQR = ∠QRS = 30°+25° = 55° α 1
⇒ ∠MNE = 67° − 47° 38. (a) Given that, =
[alternate angle] β 5
⇒ ∠MNE = 20° Let α = k and β = 5k
PQ || RS …(i)
Similarly, EF || RS, then
and ∠SRL + ∠RLM = 180° Sum of two complementary angles
∠ENM = ∠NMS = 20°
⇒ RS || LM …(ii) = 90°
[alternate angle]
From Eqs. (i) and (ii), we get ⇒ α + β = 90°,
31. (a) Given, ∠BOC = 130° PQ || LM
A D
α = 90° − β
So, the angle between the lines PQ and ⇒ k = 90° − 5 k
LM is 180°.
O ⇒ k = 15°
E 34. (b) Given, AC 2 = AB × CB
∴ α = 15° and β = 75°
⇒ x 2 = 2 × ( 2 − x)
∴ Difference between angles
C B A B
F x C (2 – x) = 75° − 15° = 60°
2
Q AOB is a straight line. 39. (b) Here, AB and CD are two lines.
⇒ x 2 = 4 − 2x
Q ∠BOC + ∠AOC = 180° [linear pair] A D
⇒ x + 2x − 4 = 0
2
⇒ 130° + ∠AOC = 180°
−2 ± 4 + 16
⇒ ∠FOC + ∠FOC = 130° ⇒ x=
2×1
⇒ ∠AOC = 50° B
⇒ x = − 1± 5 C
Now, ∠BOC = 130°
Now, BC = 2 − ( − 1 ± 5) = 3 − 5 If two straight lines intersect, then
⇒∠BOF + ∠FOC = 130° vertically opposite angles are equal.
(neglect 3 + 5 Q3 + 5 > 2)
[Q OF is bisector of ∠BOC ]
35. (c) We have, ∠DGE = ∠GCF = 95° 40. (b) From the given figure,
⇒ ∠FOC = 65°
[corresponding angles] ∠ LOQ + ∠QOP + ∠POM = 180°
Now, ∠AOC = 50°
Also, ∠GCF + ∠FCB = 180° [straight line]
⇒ ∠AOE + ∠EOC = 50°
[linear pair] ∴ ( x° + 20° ) + 50° + ( x° − 10° ) = 180°
⇒ ∠EOC + ∠EOC = 50°
⇒ 95°+ y = 180° ⇒ 2x° + 60° = 180°
⇒ ∠EOC = 25°
⇒ y = 180°−95° = 85° ⇒ 2x° = 120°
[Q OE is bisector of ∠AOC ]
Again, ∠ACB + y = 180° ∴ x ° = 60°
∴ ∠EOF = ∠EOC + ∠FOC
⇒ x = 180°−85° = 95° 41. (b) Case I When both pairs of arms are
= 25° + 65° = 90°
Now, In ∆ABC ∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180° parallel same sense.
32. (c) Draw a line parallel to AB i.e.
EF || AB. ⇒ 35°+ z + 95° = 180° A
P ⇒ z + 130° = 180° D
A b B
⇒ z = 180°−130° = 50°
∴ x + y + z = 95° + 85° + 50° = 230° C
B G
E a F
O 36. (b) Supplement of z = 130° E F
1 130°
c ∴ th of 130° = = 26° Here, ∠ ABC = ∠DEF
L N M 5 5
MATHEMATICS Lines and Angles 247

π π
Case II When both pairs of arms are = 10 × = radian. 44. (a) If, line P intersect four parallel lines
parallel in opposite sense. 180° 18 l, m, n and o, then 16 angles will be
43. (d) formed.
A B P
F E
100° 1 2
82° l
O 78° A
B C m
C
n
D D
o
Given, ∠AOB = ∠COD = 100°,
Here, ∠ ABC = ∠DEF ∠BOC = 82° As these lines are parallel, hence distinct
Case III When one pair of arms is
and ∠AOD = 78° angle will be ∠1 and ∠2.
parallel in same direction and other pairs
are parallel in opposite direction. If, AOC is a straight line, then 45. (d) In the given figure, lines p and q are
∠AOB + ∠BOC = 180° parallel.
A A
⇒ 100°+82° = 180° p
D 80° z x/3
⇒ 182° ≠ 180°

40
°
B If, BOD is a straight line, then
C ∠BOA + ∠AOD = 180°
F E 100° x y
⇒ 100° + 78° = 180° q
C B
Here, ∠ ABC + ∠DEF = 180° ⇒ 178° ≠ 180° x
∴ x = 40° + [alternate angles]
So, the two angles are not equal but If, ∠BOC and ∠AOD 3
supplementary. 2x
are supplementary angles, then ⇒ = 40° ⇒ x = 60°
42. (c) Let the angle be θ. 3
∠BOC + ∠AOD = 180° y = x /3 [alternate angle]
∴ θ = 80°
⇒ 82°+78° = 180° 60° x
Complement angle y= = 20°, z + 40° + = 180°
⇒ 160° ≠ 180° 3 3
= 90° – θ = 90° – 80° = 10°
⇒ z + 20° = 180° − 40°
[Q sum of two complement angles is Hence, statements I and II are incorrect.
⇒ z = 120°
90°]