Scribd
Upload
164 views4 pages

Transformation - FUNCTIONS - AAHL PDF

The document provides tips and tricks for understanding function transformations. It discusses how operations inside versus outside the function brackets relate to horizontal versus vertical transformations, and how multiplication/division relates to dilation while addition/subtraction relates to translation. Specific transformations like reflection are also explained. The document concludes by demonstrating how to identify transformations from an equation and how to graph a transformed function using a step-by-step process.

Uploaded by

divy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
164 views4 pages

Transformation - FUNCTIONS - AAHL PDF

The document provides tips and tricks for understanding function transformations. It discusses how operations inside versus outside the function brackets relate to horizontal versus vertical transformations, and how multiplication/division relates to dilation while addition/subtraction relates to translation. Specific transformations like reflection are also explained. The document concludes by demonstrating how to identify transformations from an equation and how to graph a transformed function using a step-by-step process.

Uploaded by

divy
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 4

Function Transformations

Tips and Tricks to Remember Function Transformations:


• If some operation is inside the bracket, note that it is related to "horizontal" and in
this case, things would happen reverse than what we think.
For example, we may think f(x + 2) transforms f(x) to the right because it is + but it
actually moves left by 2 units.
In the same way, we may think f(3x) stretches f(x) but no, it shrinks f(x) by a scale
factor of 1/3.
• If some operation is outside the bracket, note that it is related to "vertical" and in
this case, things would happen straight (not reverse).
For example, f(x) + 2 moves f(x) "up" it is a "+" symbol there.
In the same way, 3 f(x) stretches f(x) by a scale factor of 3 as 3 > 1.
• If some number is being added/subtracted, then its related to "translation". For
example, f(x + 2) is a horizontal translation and f(x) + 2 is a vertical translation.
Function Transformations

• If some number is being multiplied/divided, then its related to "dilation". For


example, f(2x) is a horizontal dilation and 2 f(x) is a vertical dilation.
• Just in case of reflection, it is just the opposite of the first and second tricks here. If
the minus sign is inside the bracket, it is with respect to the y-axis and if the minus
sign is outside the bracket, it is with respect to the x-axis.

Describing Function Transformations

We can use the above rules to describe any function transformation. For example, if
the question is what is the effect of transformation g(x) = - 3f(x + 5) + 2 on y = f(x),
then first observe the sequence of operations that had to be applied on f(x) to get
g(x) and then use the above rules to define the transformations. Here, to get g(x)
from f(x)
• first f(x) changes into f(x + 5). i.e., horizontal translation by 5 units to the left.
• Then it changes into 3 f(x + 5). i.e., vertical dilation by a scale factor of 3.
• Then it changes into -3 f(x + 5). i.e., reflection about the x-axis.
• Finally, it changes into -3 f(x + 5) + 2. i.e., vertical translation by 2 units up.

Thus, g(x) is obtained from f(x) by horizontal translation by 5 units to the left, vertical
dilation by a scale factor of 3, reflection about the x-axis, and vertical translation by 2
units up. We can describe the transformations of functions by using the above tricks
also. Give it a try now.

Graphing Transformations of Functions

Identifying the transformation by looking at the original and transformed graphs is


easy because just by looking at the graph, we can say that the graph moves up by 2
units or left by 3 units, etc. But when a graph is given, graphing the function
transformation is sometimes difficult. The following steps make graphing
transformations so easier. Here, we are transforming the function y = f(x) to y = a f(b
(x + c)) + d.
• Step 1: Note down some coordinates on the original curve that define its shape. i.e.,
we now know the old x and y coordinates.
Function Transformations

• Step 2: To find the new x-coordinate of each point just set "b (x + c) = old x-
coordinate" and solve this for x.
• Step 3: To find the new y-coordinate of each point, just apply all outside operations
(of brackets) on the old y-coordinate. i.e., find ay + d to find each new y-coordinate
where 'y' is the old y-coordinate.

We can understand these steps better by using the example below.


Example: The following graph represents f(x). Graph the function transformation y =
2 f(x/2) + 3.

Solution:
We can clearly see that (-3, 2), (-1, 2), (2, -1) and (6, 1) are defining the shape of the
graph. Let us find the new x and y coordinates of each of these points.
Function Transformations

Now, we will plot all old points and new points on the coordinate plane and observe
the transformations.

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy