THE ORIGINAL MAGAZINE FOR MODEL ENGINEERS

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Vol. 228 No. 4690 • 6 - 19 May 2022

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Ayesha – 100 Years

Square
in the Air
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£4.95

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Garden Rail Show

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 618 612
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help@classicmagazines.co.uk Vol. 228 No. 4690 6 - 19 May 2022
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608 SMOKE RINGS 626 AN ASTRONOMICAL
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612 AYESHA CENTENARY 634 THE LITTLE DEMON
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Vol. 228 No. 4690 • 6 - 19 May 2022

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ON THE COVER...
Ayesha – 100 Years
http://twitter.com/ Running repairs on an ‘0’ Gauge GWR
modelengineers (\,recycle Square pannier tank at the Garden Rail Show
When you have finished with in the Air
this magazine please recycle it. (photo: John Arrowsmith).
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COVER FEATURE
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601 Front Cover 4690.indd 601 20/04/2022 08:26

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 Events Highlight is planned for the early evening Railway. More details are
There’s plenty going on on Saturday. The Society available from Ken Parker
..-lflUl\1. this summer, as a pleasant
contrast to the last couple of
is again looking forward to
welcoming enthusiasts whether
(kenneth.parker1@ntlworld.
com or 07710 515 507).

~E RINGS years. Here are three that

you might like to consider.
running engines or coming to
view. Information about the
Society can be found on their
There will be free running on
Saturday and voluntary public
running on Sunday.

3S SMOK Welsh Rally

The Cardiff Model
web pages (www.cardiffmes.
co.uk and www.facebook.com/
The club has almost a mile of
track running in the woods,

lKE RINGS Engineering Society’s

30th rally will be held over
the weekend of Saturday/
Cardiffmes).

Southport Open Weekend

through three tunnels, and an
up and over bridge. Power at
12V and air are supplied in the

MOK Sunday 18/19 June. It’s

been a long two years since
the last full rally and there
The Southport Model
Engineering Club is holding
their Open Weekend on
steaming bays and tea and
biscuits are available in the
clubhouse. There are two pubs
have been some significant Saturday/Sunday 18/19 nearby and hotels. Directions
changes on the site including June from 10am to 4pm. from the main routes (M4,
a longer run on the 7¼ -inch They have a 3½ and 5 inch M5, M40) can be provided on
MARTIN ground level track with an track and small gauge tracks request or see the club website
EVANS
Editor additional running line. There of 2½ inches, Gauge 1 and 16 (www.nwmes.info).
is also a raised level 3½ and mm, which will all be available
5 inch track. New signalling to use.
gantries have been erected There will be refreshments 60 Years
throughout. The ever-popular available to buy and parking Congratulations to the
tram line has been redesigned, on site. Southampton Society of Model
moving the station to a passing Please bring your boiler Engineers, who celebrated
DIANE loop at the centre. The Rally certificate, club insurance and their 60th Anniversary on the
CARNEY
Assistant has been a popular event for spark arrestor with you. You 10th April with a well-attended
Editor many years with visitors from are welcome with or without a steam-up and the bonus of a
far and wide often bringing locomotive. beautiful sunny day.
around 30 locomotives and For any further information
half a dozen scale traction please contact Gwen
engines creating a fascinating (gwenandderrick@yahoo. Bradford Cup
and busy scene. Polly Models co.uk) or look up our website Here is your reminder that
YVETTE and Keatley Metals will also (southportmodelengineering. your vote for the Bradford Cup
GREEN
Designer be on hand. As usual there will club) must be with me by 15 May.
be a limited number of pre- The Cup is awarded to the
booked caravan spaces on the North Wilts Club Rally best article or series in Model
site. Book via the secretary’s The Club Rally will be held on Engineer during the year 2021.
address - secretary@ Saturday/Sunday 11/12 June We have had five nominations,
cardiffmes.co.uk. The hog roast at the Coate Water Miniature as follows:

Steam Turbines – Mike Tilby

Mystery Object Steam Engines – Ron
Here’s something to ponder while busy soaking up the Fitzgerald
sunshine. Do you recognise the gadget in the photo? Reader Barclay Tanks – Terence
Phil Hill tells me he received it as a Christmas present about 70 Holland
years ago. Perhaps it will bring back memories for some of you. Flying Scotsman – Peter
Seymour-Howell
Bolton Tram – Ashley Best
The simplest way of doing
this is by email. In that case
please start the subject line
with ‘Bradford Cup’ and follow
that with the name of the
Martin Evans can be article. Any content in the
contacted on the mobile message will not be relevant to
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07710-192953 have the casting vote.
MEeditor@mortons.co.uk The result will be announced
in June.

608 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

/kA Miniature ©~ □ [@~Dfi]
~D[fi]D@~llil[f@ Oscillating
Steam Engine
~~@@[[fi) ~[fi]@D[fi]@ PART 5

The worm drive assembly

and the water pump 37
Hotspur eccentric drive
constructs The worm and wheel
purchased from HPC Gears
a three- consists of a 30:1 reduction
cylinder reversible pair comprising a steel worm
oscillating engine. and a nylon wheel. The centres
pitch is 9⁄16 inch so the first
task is to mark out the pitch
Continued from p.491 of the cross shaft bearings.
M.E. 4688, 8 April 2022 The end view of the general
arrangement in my drawing
(fig 6) shows the arrangement.
Here a Vernier height
gauge is a very handy piece
of equipment and the first
measurement is taken from
the top of the crankshaft at the
rear of the engine. From this The rear frame plates used to mount the cross shaft for the pump drive
reading must be subtracted are marked out for the centres for the worm and wheel combination.
3
⁄32 inch, being the radius of
the shaft, and then 9⁄16 inch inch pilot hole on each side. diameter as this is the side
can be added to be the centre To check the fit of the gears, where the pump eccentric will
for the cross shaft. Once the I loosely fitted the drive gears be mounted.
horizontal marks have been to the crankshaft and used Next, two bronze bushes
scribed on each of the side a trial length of cross-shaft were machined to take the
plates the vertical lines should to confirm the centres were load and both are flanged to
be just ⅝ inch in from their correct with just a hint of be fitted with a trio of 10BA
rear edges. Photograph 37 backlash. The bearing hole on fastening bolts and, on the left
shows the result. I marked the exhaust side of the engine side, the boss is located in the
the centres and drilled a 3⁄16 was then opened up to 5⁄16 inch hole in the support plate. My
drawing gives the dimensions
used and do note that there
38 is a critical dimension on the
inboard side of the drive side
bush which locates the worm
wheel centrally over the worm.
The dimension I used is given
but this should be checked
in case of any variation
in tolerances. If preferred,
both bushes can be made
shorter than drawn and the
centralising carried out with
loose washers.
Setting out the holes in the
brass plate for these bolts
is simple enough with one
Hotspur may be contacted at the 12 o’clock spot and
on 01600-713913 or a 60 degree protractor can
hotspurengines@gmail.com The main drive bushes for the pump shaft are fitted to be used to draw the angles
the side plates and oil holes have been added. for the lower pair. This is >>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 609
 - Fig 6 Water pump drive.

---, r-3/32" -=-1

3 off 1 OB~ 3/32'-j r_ rl /4" ---j r- 3/8" 03/16" ream

-~---
- 5 --~--- -::__ ; _];....-
j
.,- ---- -- T- (9.

L
I
(9.
I
*9/32~
05/16"
03/16" ~ 9132" ~ ~1/4"
(ream) full
Tap 5BA for socket brub screw
Worm Shaft Support Bushes
Mat'I: Brass Eccentric Sheave
(*widths to centralise worm wheel) Mat'I: Bronze or iron

7 t--1/4" 01 3/16" (nom.) 7/8"

I Drill 3/16"
& no.55
1

Tap SBA from [

Pump Arm _
1/4"7
r~~
_l
N
Flange ~
--- + ('t)

CT ~
I
_I_

SBA clear Silver ,

solder l!)

SBA clear Tap SBA this 03/ 32" ream for

for bolts side only drive pin with
3/4" 3/4" taper pin

Eccentric Strap Pump Eccentric Rod

Mat'I : Brass flat Mat'I: Mild steel or stainless steel

quite sufficient for bespoke correctly on final assembly. adding the spot fixings and be the cross shaft with a 1⁄16 inch
bushes. I used ¼ inch long Photograph 38 shows the sure to take off any burrs. taper pin that should go all the
bolts on each side with the second shorter bush added The task to locate the two way through its boss and was
nuts outside and the bushes in the same way, and with gears required the worm to positioned on the cross shaft
were held with toolmaker’s washers under the nuts on be tapped for a 4BA socket to allow a very short length
clamps to spot through the right-hand frame plate, but drive grub screw and a of shaft to protrude on both
before being removed for here the bush can have a plain corresponding flat was added sides. Photograph 39 shows
final drilling - but mark the face for attachment without to the crank shaft to ensure the parts assembled.
bush and add an oil hole, a shoulder to locate it. Check it was securely located. The To complete this end of
so they can be positioned the shaft turns freely before worm wheel was attached to the engine, the drive for the

610 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 OSCILLATOR

39 40

The eccentric mounted on the drive shaft ready for the rest of the assembly.

check before parting it off. I left eccentric strap. The drive for
a sensible amount behind the the pump clevis is by means of
groove to use the same parting a short piece of stainless rod
tool to cut the sheave off and that is held in the reamed end
then it was just a matter of hole with a small taper pin. I
marking out the off-set for the have suggested that stainless
drive shaft and holding it on a steel should be used for
flat surface to drill and ream the various parts as, in operation,
hole. A 5BA socket grub screw an oscillating engine uses a
The assembly of both gears on the engine; the grub screw for the worm is was added to clamp the sheave lot of steam and plain steel
on the plain section at the inboard end against the Plate ‘D’ crank bush. to the shaft and a flat was parts will go rusty and spoil
made on the shaft to secure the appearance. Photograph
water pump is needed and to be made when the eccentric it in position. Photograph 40 41 shows the way the pump
this is a simple eccentric with is turned. When finished, begin shows the result. is mounted on the engine
a strap. My strap started life to rough out the outline and The last item for this article and the rest of the parts to be
as a casting and the outside drill the tapping holes for the is the addition of the pump described next time.
faces were machined flat 8BA clamping bolts. A word of drive rod that ideally should be
before the outline was profiled advice here – make sure the fabricated from ⅛ inch thick ●To be continued.
but a section made up from bolts will be fitted from the rear stainless steel strip or plate.
two brass flats can be used end of the strap. Initially I put Note that the flange and the
instead. Soft solder together mine in from the pump side rod itself are handed with the
two pieces of ¼ by ¾ inch and they were very awkward rod on the inboard edge of
section material 1½ inches to assemble on the engine. its flange and there are two
long, edge to edge, and mark Add the tapping holes for 8BA 8BA bolt holes which should NEXT TIME
one end so when the two bolts and then the strap can be used to centre the tapped I shall make the water pump.
halves are separated they are be unsoldered and the faces holes in the front face of the
always bolted together the cleaned up and the bolt holes
right way round. Mark out in the outer section drilled for
the final outline of the strap
and, whilst the material is still
their clearance size so they can
be bolted back together. For an ■ 41
rigid, it is best to mark the oil supply, a 3⁄16 inch diameter
centre and carefully set up the hole was added as a small
soldered parts in a four-jaw reservoir and a number 55 drill
chuck to drill and bore the hole carefully used to drill the small
for the eccentric sheave. This hole into the bore of the strap.
should be finished at ⅞ inch For the sheave, use a very
diameter and a scrap piece of short end of 1 inch diameter
round bar should be used as a bronze bar mounted in the
gauge. If necessary turn down four-jaw chuck for security and,
a stub end of something larger after facing it, the groove can
to fulfil the task. be turned with a sharp parting
To ensure the portions of the tool. Make the final diameter
strap will sit snugly onto the the same as the gauge less
eccentric put a small chamfer 0.002 inch so there is sufficient
on each side of the bore so it clearance for easy rotation
does not bind on the channel and the straps can be fitted to This is the final assembly showing the drive rod and the connection to the pump.

www.model-engineer.co.uk 611
Ayesha Centenary
Eddie
Castellan
looks back
over the life of a lady of
legend.

Ayesha’s companion build, a Brighton Pacific tank, with Curly’s

niece, Nora in charge, also M.E. 6 July 1922. He said that she
The first picture of Ayesha, M.E. 6 July 1922, and probably the was an expert driver. The spotless white dress was making a
only one with LBSC as well. Typically, he’s not looking at the point in the Battle of the Boilers, as Bassett-Lowke frequently
camera, hiding beneath the cap which he invariably wore. claimed cleanliness as a benefit of spirit-firing.

O
ne hundred years ago, Before Ayesha, live passenger hauler before
on 4 May 1922, LBSC passenger-hauling in ½ inch World War 1. The Lylia articles,
told Model Engineer scale was not considered believed to be by LBSC, which
readers of the first successful practical. Commercial spirit- appeared in Greenly’s Models
steaming of his legendary 2½ fired designs such as those Railways and Locomotives
inch gauge Atlantic, Ayesha. by Henry Greenly for Bassett- magazine in 1912, described
The engine launched Curly Lowke lacked sustained an 0-6-0 tank in Gauge 2 with
Lawrence on his road to fame power output, largely due an oscillating cylinder for
and set a whole new standard to inefficient valve gear scenic use. Assuming that
of performance for small scale and boiler design. The rival, he was indeed the author,
live steam locomotives. Carson’s, advertised that one there is no hint that he held
of their models could pull the key to far more important
a child but the firm ceased developments.
model production in 1913, As Ayesha appears to have
despite its superior products been an instant success, it is
(Curly always rated Carson’s reasonable to suppose that
highly). James Crebbin’s other locomotives led up to
locomotives were successful the moment when she hit
and reliable passenger haulers the ground running. Curly’s
at M.E. Exhibitions but he first letter in the Battle of the
used a larger, freelance broad Boilers controversy over spirit-
gauge system of ¾ inch to the fired, water-tube boilers versus
Curly’s niece Nora driving foot scale combined with 4½ coal-firing on 9 February
Ayesha, in original LBSCR inch gauge. 1922 stated he always fitted
livery, on the Norbury Curly stated that he coal-fired locommotive-type
Light Railway. The picture had worked out what was boilers, but we don’t know
accompanied his first essentially wrong with earlier to what engines they were
Shops, Shed & Road designs by about 1910 but fitted. At this stage he hadn’t
column in M.E. on 18 there is no evidence that he built Ayesha’s own boiler. After
September 1924. attempted to build a live- World War 1 most of his output

612 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 AYESHA

Ayesha in her original completed form, M.E. 28 May 1925. Photo: F. L. Compton. Ayesha’s rival, Henry Greenly’s 2-8-2 Challenger, at the 1924 Model Engineer
Exhibition. Greenly is the second man on the train in spectacles, whilst W. J. Bassett-
was for clients and friends Exhibition in January 1922. Lowke assumes a distinctly odd ‘head on a plate’ pose behind the engine. This was a
and, in fact, he made very The most intriguing aspect later demonstration run as both locomotives hauled only their drivers in the contest.
little for himself right up to the of the Ayesha build is the Bassett-Lowke probably organised the photo himself for publicity purposes. It
1940s. He did a thriving trade involvement of none other appeared in the M.E. on 31 January 1924 but no-one photographed Curly or Ayesha.
in swaps and part-exchanges, than Henry Greenly. The family
which means that any biography, The Miniature World they were not as Greenly the 1922 M.E. Exhibition and
important locomotives from of Henry Greenly, gives the originally designed them. Back could be operated with a tyre
this period are lost. impression that he had never in 1921 he began both Ayesha pump.
However Curly did identify heard of Curly until Ayesha and a Brighton 4-6-2 tank, For a man who prided
one significant locomotive, an was first demonstrated again indicating that Ayesha himself on his scientific
Atlantic named Charles Rous in public. This is clearly was not built in isolation, approach, Henry Greenly had
Martin dating from 1911, which incorrect. In introducing the though the tank engine was an curiously misguided ideas
he said was the first 2½ inch Lylia articles, Greenly stated oil burner, built for a client. He about valve gear design. He
gauger to haul an adult. She that the author had been bought cylinder castings from refused, until the end of his
was built by a former LBSCR known to the magazine as an W. H. Jubb of Sheffield which life, to believe in the expansion
colleague, W. E. Briggs. Curly enthusiastic scratch builder proved to be defective. Jubb of steam in small cylinders.
had schemed out the Joy for several years. refused to replace them until Because of this, Greenly’s
valve gear for her in 1909 and Ayesha’s most obvious Curly complained to the M.E.’s designs had excessively
provided many of the turned Greenly feature is the common advertising manager. The firm’s long cut-off, no lap and lead
parts. However, he stated circular or tubular steam chest lack of quality control led them and pinhole-sized ports. The
that the passenger-hauling which runs right across the to going out of business in resulting poor performance
did not take place until 1921. frames, linking the cylinders 1922. Curly noticed, however, was a key reason why Curly
It is plausible that this took together. Curly later believed that Greenly was named as was able to get ahead of him
place on Curly’s own Norbury that the basic design was Jubb’s consulting engineer so easily.
Light Railway, a suitable raised actually by his friend, the in their catalogue blurb and Ayesha’s cylinders and valve
track. Ayesha was a logical leading pre-WW1 model wrote to complain to him as gear were originally built
next step, though we don’t engineer, Tom Averill and was well. Greenly replied that he incorporating these features.
know whether he set out to inclined to make a big deal had broken off business links It’s difficult to see why Curly
build a passenger hauler or about it periodically in his with Jubb. Curly gives the agreed to accept them, even at
simply found her to be strong articles. impression that it was not Greenly’s insistence, as he had
enough. Certainly, the chassis Curly’s own account of the a happy parting, though we already proved to himself that
was complete by the end of the cylinders appeared in the always have to be a bit careful he could do much better with
year, allowing it to be displayed M.E. of 4 December 1952, with anything he wrote about his pre-World War 1 Stroudley
on the Bond’s stand at the M.E. unsurprisingly to state that Greenly. Curly rebuilt dozens C class goods. This was based
of duff Jubb locomotives. on a Greenly design but Curly
He frequently referred to ‘the greatly improved it by altering
Sheffield junk merchants’, the valve events to match full-
doubtless also enjoying the size practice.
indirect dig at his rival. After the exhibition, he
Shortly afterwards Greenly quickly realised that Ayesha
wrote again, looking for a would have to be similarly
good foundryman to produce altered and maximised
castings for the circular everything within the rather
steam chest cylinders. Curly restricted layout. He bored out
suggested his friend, A. L. the steam chest, increased
Starling of Croydon. As Greenly the cylinder bores, provided
wanted to demonstrate the circular valves with moon-
cylinders and Starling wanted shaped ports, added lap and
to promote his castings, Curly lead and increased the valve
Ayesha in her final form, as pictured in the second edition of Shops, Shed & Road, agreed to make the patterns travel. She then ‘astonished
published as The Live Steam Book in 1950. Note the square front casing for the and fit the cylinders to Ayesha. the natives’ at a SMEE meeting
mechanical lubricator, handrails, firebox cleading and injector. Photo: L. J. Hibbert. The chassis duly appeared at at Caxton Hall, London, and >>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 613
at the 1923 M.E. Exhibition. A
Greenly feature which survives
on the engine is the one-piece
double stop collar for the slip
eccentric valve gear. It’s a bad
idea as it makes independent
adjustment of each valve
difficult, and is one of very
few original details discarded
when the National 2½ Inch
Gauge Association drew up the
Ayesha 2 design.
Curly’s modifications caused
his first row with Greenly, who
refused to accept that his
design had been considerably
improved. Curly claimed that
Greenly called the performance
‘a fluke’ and made his famous A little gem showing Ayesha with US bell and headlamp, in the early 1930s on Curly’s first up-and-down Polar Route at Purley Oaks.
pronouncement, which Curly His famous circuit was not built until 1936. Curly had an NER 4-4-0 in for rebuild about that time. Photo: John Baguley collection.
repeated to M.E. readers with
unfailing regularity down the was made of Jubb castings. bothered redoing her wheels impression is that Ayesha was
years, that Ayesha ‘would fall to Curly corrected him on 4 May, which retain traces of the built in a tearing hurry, as if
pieces in a week’. I have often stating that only the driving original brown. Curly felt unable to justify a
wondered whether Greenly wheels were Jubb, the other With the boilers debate in locomotive for himself, even
said this seriously or just to wheels being Bassett-Lowke full swing, M.E. readers were though he didn’t become a
tease the thin-skinned Curly, and the rest by Starling – she eager for more details. The full-time professional builder
but it seems likely that he was has a lot of castings, including editor, Percival Marshall, until he was made redundant
genuinely annoyed. Whilst Curly the bogie centre, trailing promised the results of Curly’s at the end of 1922. Her
sometimes has to be taken with cradle and tender frames, latest tests on 8 June, which original boiler was close-
a pinch of salt, his further claim such items being readily appeared a week later, stating rivetted, soft-soldered and
that Greenly would have tried to available at that time. that the engine had hauled built in a week of evenings.
take credit for Ayesha if she had During the year, he finished two adults. Greenly joined the Things turned nasty
remained to his specification Ayesha in LBSCR umber. debate on 15 June, mainly to on 3 August when W. J.
is sound enough. Both men She was very basic with an claim credit for pioneering Bassett-Lowke wrote to
held very strong views on credit absolute minimum of detail. small scale coal-firing back in the M.E., doubting Curly’s
where due. Over the years she gained 1913, though diplomatically claims for Ayesha. Bassett-
We know quite a lot about handrails, firebox cleading, praising the value of water- Lowke undoubtedly had an
Ayesha’s original components an injector and a mechanical tube boilers for the less unpleasant streak in him,
because a W. A. Tyrrell lubricator. She was repainted experienced. Readers had being a first-class stirrer. For
mistakenly reported in the apparently in instalments, their first glimpse of the as-yet the head of a major model
M.E. on 20 April 1922 that the eventually acquiring her four unnamed Ayesha, running business, he was often
cylinder assembly was cast in or five different shades of with neither platework nor remarkably clumsy in his
one piece and that the engine Southern green. Curly never tender, on 6 July. The overall dealings with M.E. readers,
usually veering between
self-congratulation and being
thoroughly patronising. In
fact, Ayesha had already been
demonstrated to the SMEE
at Caxton Hall on 19 July
and Bassett-Lowke’s attack
only produced indignant and
vigorous defence of Curly
from leading SMEE members,
James Crebbin and W. B. Hart.
Curly himself never forgave
Bassett-Lowke for implying
that he was a liar.
Bassett-Lowke first
suggested a locomotive
contest on 14 August though
the event would not happen
for well over a year. In the
meantime, the debate had its
lighter moments: Mrs. Rose
Ayesha on the National 2½ Inch Gauge Association stand at Bristol Model Engineering Exhibition in 2017. Photo: Stephen Kingett. Brown had a go at Bassett-

614 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 AYESHA

Lowke over the mess that hinted that there would be

meths-fired locomotives exceptional happenings
made on her carpets whilst for people interested in
a gentleman calling himself locomotive performance at the
Linkhead made extravagant forthcoming show. He seems
claims for the fictional spirit- to have been lukewarm about
fired locomotives on his the whole affair. Always a
non-existent scenic railway. gentlemen, I think he wished to
Whether Linkhead was a avoid the acrimony and division
talented hoaxer or merely which inevitably followed
suffered delusions was never and didn’t want the M.E. to be
established... caught up in Bassett-Lowke’s
During 1923 Curly wrote his scheming either.
first handful of constructional Curly wanted to compete
articles, beginning with a with Magnum Opus, a brand
two-parter on building Ayesha’s new four-cylinder Pacific
boiler. Bassett-Lowke and his but the opposition objected Ayesha being prepared for running at Rugby MES on 13 September 2020.
challenge, however, hadn’t that she was larger than the Photo: Ben Pavier.
gone away. It is not clear British loading gauge so he
whether he was genuinely was forced to use Ayesha. failure of the brand new and 2,000 years then collapsed in
concerned for his business or Bassett-Lowke and Greenly little tested Challenger. a heap of dust - so Ayesha she
more maliciously just wanted unwittingly saved Curly from Ayesha had made Curly’s became. Curly definitely had a
to put the little man in his himself. He struggled to finish name for him. M.E. readers quirk about Greenly’s remark.
place. Greenly was puzzled ‘Maggie’ in time for the show clamoured to know more and He seemed determined to
at Bassett-Lowke making and she would probably have his long-running Shops Shed prove that the engine would
such a big deal about it but failed with some typical new & Road column began on 18 last forever and continually
obligingly produced his spirit- locomotive teething trouble. It September 1924. She made delayed overhauling her. He
fired 2-8-2 Challenger at short also turned the contest from another splash in New York finally reboilered her in 1937,
notice. The locomotive had a equally matched opponents when Curly briefly emigrated to reamed the cylinders and fitted
strong passing resemblance into a David and Goliath affair. the USA in 1930, ‘astonishing new pistons and made proper
to River Esk which he was Though both sides claimed the natives’ once again. A repairs to damage sustained in
also designing at the time. victory, it was obvious to photo in the collection of a massive storm at sea on the
The tender was simply anyone except the extremely National 2½ Inch Gauge way to America. Otherwise she
scaled down. Greenly was at partisan or the wholly Association national secretary, received a couple of sets of
the peak of his career with uninformed that Curly had John Baguley shows that trailing axleboxes and at least
the Ravenglass & Eskdale, hauled a bigger load virtually Ayesha acquired the regulation nine sets of firebars. Today she
followed by the Romney Hythe the same distance with a much US bell and headlamp for her remains in a well-worn state.
& Dymchurch Railway and smaller engine. adventure and she seems to Ayesha also became
doubtless felt that he could Bassett-Lowke’s driver have retained them for a while Curly’s first serial for English
afford to be relaxed about an weighed only nine stone after Curly’s return to Britain. Mechanics in 1930 but the
ordinary bloke with a solitary against Curly’s 12 stone whilst The locomotive gained published version was not
2½ inch gauge engine. no attempt was made to her own name in 1927 after identical to the original - his
The run-up to the contest measure the fuel consumption Curly recounted Greenly’s ‘fall designs had advanced a lot
at the M.E. Exhibition in accurately. It’s fairly obvious apart in a week’ prediction to in eight years. He included
January 1924 was curiously that the contest was merely a Brighton engineman friend. Stephenson’s valve gear as an
low-key. There was no a stunt which would allow He replied that on the contrary, extra option, and incorporated
official announcement: in Bassett-Lowke to claim the engine would be just like it into a deluxe GER version
his editorial of 20 December, victory in pretty much any Ayesha in Rider Haggard’s of Ayesha called Bluebell. The
Percival Marshall only situation except a complete story: she, a lady who lived for second engine was built for a
client but later returned to join
Curly’s personal collection of
23 locomotives.
After Curly’s death in 1967,
Ayesha remained in the care
of his neighbour and executor,
Mavis Harriott, until she was
bought by the National 2½
Inch Gauge Association in
2012. She was returned to
steam in 2016 and is run very
lightly on an occasional basis.
Amazingly Ayesha will still be
in steam at the grand old age
of 100. Let’s hope that she
doesn’t collapse in a heap
Ayesha running at Rugby MES on 13 September 2020, Ben Pavier driving. Photo: John Williams. of dust just yet. ME

www.model-engineer.co.uk 615
LBSC’s Years with the
London Brighton and
South Coast Railway
T
he centenary of LBSC’s cleaner at New Cross at two and other periodicals but
famous locomotive, shillings per day; in December was forced to admit that the
Ron Fitzgerald looks Ayesha perhaps provides his pay was increased by two area of his subject’s life on
back at LBSC’s early a good pretext for looking pence per day and in June the Brighton line was … rather
back over his life, particularly 1901 his daily rate was again a mystery. He grapples with
years. with regard to his time as raised to three shillings and the issue of LBSC’s date of
an employee of the London, four pence. His employment birth but concedes that the
Brighton and South Coast status in 1902 was that of subject remained enigmatic
Railway and his self-promoted boiler washer-out. In May 1902, and that LBSC himself
but fictitious status as a following a general reduction persistently obscured the
fireman/locomotive driver on across this staff grade, his pay matter. Hollingsworth identifies
his namesake railway. was reduced to three shillings two occasions when LBSC
The disputed matter of his per day. This is the last entry referred obliquely to his nativity,
date of birth, which I believe for William Morris Mathieson in implying at one point that he
played a significant part in this the Changes of Staff with Rates was born in the same year
fabrication, has been firmly of Pay book. It may be taken, as Winston Churchill (1874)
resolved by Geoff Johnson as Hollingsworth suggests, but in the other stating that
and Ian Pollard’s exemplary (LBSC - His Life and Locomotives. … I joined the railway in 1894
genealogical detective work, Brian Hollingsworth, Croesor just before my 16th birthday …
Who was L.B.S.C.? (Engineering Junction Press. 1982.) that which would indicate a birth
in Miniature, January 2006. pp. William Mathieson ended his date of 1878. Unfortunately,
211-213.). Johnson and Pollard employment with the London, Hollingsworth commits the
produce conclusive evidence Brighton and South Coast egregious sin of not footnoting
that LBSC was born on the 27th Railway in response to this loss his otherwise excellent
September 1883 as William of pay, implying that his career biography so that it is now
Morris Benjamin and, after with the railway extended over difficult to verify the source for
the family changed its name a period of about 34 months, this comment. Nevertheless,
around 1894, became William terminating in May 1902. it can be accepted that LBSC
Morris Mathieson. William Two other documents that deliberately fostered the idea
Mathieson assumed the name would attest to his promotion that had been born five or
Lillian Lawrence between 1902 beyond shed staff are the lists even nine years before his real
and 1908. The convoluted of Engine Cleaners passed as birth date. As most people
circumstances that surround Firemen and Firemen passed manipulate their birth date to
these metamorphoses are fully as Drivers and the Register of under-estimate their age this is
explored in their article. Staff. Neither contains an entry indeed paradoxical and it is not
Mathieson’s employment for either William Mathieson unreasonable to seek a motive.
on the London, Brighton or Lillian Lawrence over the Hollingsworth tentatively
and South Coast Railway period September 1899 to May advances as alternative
is traceable through three 1902. There is thus nothing to possibilities the dates 1882
documents contained in the show that Mathieson was ever or 1883 for LBSC’s birth
railway company’s archives. promoted beyond washer-out date, possibly on the basis
The first, Changes of Staff with and it must be concluded that of Professor Chaddock’s
Rates of Pay, represents the he was never formally elevated comments cited below but
only positive evidence of his to the status of footplate staff. one suspects that he knew
employment by that company. In researching his that he risked entering
William Mathieson joined the biography, Hollingsworth had treacherous waters if he
railway on the 7th September comprehensively examined conceded to either of these
1899, twenty days before his all of LBSC’s contributions two dates. By LBSC’s account
16th birthday. He started as a to both the Model Engineer he … joined the railway in

616 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 Chair LBSC

1894 … and would thus have to this part of his past life. Chaddock then refers to a Whatever the case, after

been eleven or twelve years He contrasts this to LBSC’s subsequent letter published in 1922, his rise in the model
old when he commenced direct personalisation of many Volume 46, 1922, page 564, in engineering world was
his service if he was born in other issues in his subsequent which LBSC says: meteoric and his contribution
1882/3. The railways of Britain writing but the failure to give … I built my first decent was seminal. More than any
were never loath to indulge in a substantiated account of locomotive way back in 1900 other individual he altered the
exploitation of their workforce his London Brighton and when 18 years of age … course of our hobby. He was
but child labour has not been South Coast Railway activities In Volume 48, 1923, page 391 virtually solely responsible for
shown to have been part of Hollingsworth concedes is … et seq., LBSC published his first the change from what were
this. Sixteen years of age certainly significant. full length article on Building essentially scenic garden
would be the normal age of In building the myth of his a ½ inch scale Locomotive railways to ride-behind steam-
entry into service and it may footplate employment, LBSC Boiler. In this he recalls making powered engines. Accounts of
have been a Board of Trade must have been aware that experiments with a charcoal the Battle of the Boilers have
injunction that this should be he needed to reconcile some fired Ajax: often failed to recognise that
so. Johnson and Pollard have conflicts that might become … as a schoolboy of 13 in the Bassett Lowke was arguing
emphasised Hollingsworth’s obvious. His short service beginning of 1895 … from the garden railway
conflict in confirming LBSC’s with the London Brighton and As Chaddock points out, both perspective whereas LBSC
birth date as 1883 and his South Coast Railway and his of these references confirm the wanted his locomotives to haul
entry into the service of the claim to have had professional date of birth as 1882. Clearly out-of-scale passengers. LBSC
London Brighton and South footplate experience was any distortion of his birth date was one of three central figures
Coast Railway as 1899 at just the most obvious. As the by LBSC must have started who made model engineering
short of sixteen years of age, complexities surrounding after this time and probably generally accessible to the
entirely as might be expected. his actual date of birth were only developed alongside the inter-war generation. His
Hollingsworth is notably relatively impenetrable to evolution of his persona as prose style, notwithstanding
generous towards LBSC in his anyone who had other than an a raconteur in addition to his the mawkish pathos that

biography. He acknowledges intimate personal knowledge purely technical presentations. sometimes invades it, was
that four years was the of his youth, particularly In spite of Hollingsworth’s compulsive reading. It was
(universally?) accepted duration after he assumed the worthwhile biography and central to the survival of the
of employment as a shed man pseudonym Lillian Laurence, the notable contribution that Model Engineer, asPercival
before formal elevation to it was the most obvious Johnson and Pollard have Marshall recognised in 1922
footplate work was possible 
avenue for obfuscation. made to clarifying LBSC’s and the infamous Kenneth
but twice in his Chapter Two he Falsifying the date at which earliest years there is much Garke subsequently found
claims that LBSC had attained he left the railway he probably that remains ambiguous to his cost. In spite of■ this,
the rank of fireman. For this rightly regarded as a more about LBSC’s professional life. it can be argued that LBSC’s
he produces no evidence and problematic. If he was to He was clearly dextrous in the personality was deeply flawed,
relies upon inference although maintain the fiction that workshop and had a brilliant in later life at least, lacking in

Next Issue
he clearly felt that there were he spent time at least as a ability to improvise but little humility, acerbic and vindictive
suspicious indications that passed fireman if not driver, is known of how he made towards those who he
LBSC’s intentions in painting he had to bend the truth the transition from boiler conceived to be challenging his
a picture of his main line regarding his date of birth. washer-out to craft engineer, a eminence as master of the craft
railway life were suspect. In 1981, Professor Dennis position that he had evidently of model locomotive building.
Indeed, Hollingsworth’s first Chaddock wrote to Postbag arrived at by 1916. His career In the end LBSC’s was a pyrrhic
paragraph of his Chapter Two identifying LBSC’s first history between 1916 and victory over Garke. His final
discusses LBSC’s frequent contributions to the Model 1922 when he began to days might be likened to those
recourse to oblique statements Engineer which he suggested write regularly for the Model of the great Pavarotti; he did
and innuendo when referring came in Volume 45, 1921. Engineer is also obscure. not know when to retire. ME

5 Look out for the May issue, helping

3 1 you get even more out of your workshop:
No.

makes a boring explains how to make explains the

table for a lathe. a versatile nger plate. properties and uses of ceramic balls.

Pick Up Your Copy Today!

A 7¼
IA 71 Inch ~ [ru~[ru Gauge
~&1llil®@ ~=

[W [f□ W □ [ft)® 1f
Driving Truck
[f(ill ~[K{ PART 6

Painting and finishing

The chassis was sprayed using
Tim Coles aerosol cans, first with grey
constructs primer and then dull black. The
inside of the body and seat
a driving box are varnished to resist the
truck built for two, in true inevitable water exposure. The
prototypical style. outside of the body was brush
painted with the dull finish
Prussian blue of the S&DJR,
Continued from p.586 to match one of the Jintys.
M.E. 4689, 22 April 2022 Friend Helen did the rather
conjectural lettering on the
body sides, using computer
cut stencils.

On the track
The driving truck runs
smoothly on the track and Helen Hale busy applying the lettering to the wagon body.
is very comfortable for both The water tank and seat box, now light blue, are in the background.
the driver and a passenger,
despite the lack of suspension. mentioned, the brakes are not the finished driving truck
So far, it has only run on the powerful but are adequate looks reasonably life-like, duly
Cambridge, St Neots and for light running. Altogether, resembling a full size 50-ton
Hemsby railways but has the design and construction brick wagon.
held the rails perfectly. As have worked out well, while ME

l
o
6
I

The results of Helen’s lettering work add to the atmosphere of the wagon body.

Here the driving truck is virtually complete but lacks the upholstered
seat top and it still has the original round buffer heads. Note the
large hole in the seat top for the water filler in the tank.

618 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 DRIVING TRUCK

Test coupling of the driving truck

to the Jinty tank. The pair take
up most of my small workshop!
I don’t know the weight of the
Jinty tank but a 150kg hydraulic
table will not lift it. I guess the
driving truck is around 75kg
empty weight and 100kg with
water and coal.

The coal ‘bunker’ sits comfortably in front of the seat box, resting on the top Here we are on the track, brand-new though without the
edge of the wagon body. This keeps the Jinty fired for an hour or two. footboards, to reveal the bogie detail.

Finally, onto the

track and in steam. A
comfortable ride for
the driver and for one
passenger. Yes, the
copper tube sticking
out of the side tank is
the hand pump.

www.model-engineer.co.uk 619
~ A Geared Transmission ~@[r
~@cfil[r@@J lFlrcfil[fi)ill[JiJi)DillIBD@[fi) for
Westbury’s Road
W@IB~W)lli}~ill ~@cID@l Roller
~@[[@[r PART 6
The clutch and
shift linkage
Ted Hansen The clutch lever (fig 26) is built
replaces to the original plans except
for the bottom end, where the
Westbury’s ‘pendant lever’ (Westbury’s
original with a more term) is brazed directly on to
prototypical gearbox. the lever. The whole assembly
swivels on a fixed pivot instead
of being on each end of a shaft
Continued from p.563 as on the original (photo 26).
M.E. 4689, 22 April 2022 Since most shops will now
have some sort of milling
capability, it is probably easier
to machine the lever as one
piece rather than fabricate it
as a built-up assembly. The 3⁄32
inch diameter linkage rod (fig
27) is just bent to fit through ■ 26
the hole at the lever end. Make
sure there is a ‘kink’ in the rod
as shown in the drawings to The clutch lever
give it sufficient flex to ensure and drop link are engaged. This is much easier
that the clutches are fully one piece. than the spring arrangement in
the original plans.
The detents for the clutch
lever (photo 27) are located
The clutch
linkage.
27

Fig 26

620
Clutch Linkage
- The clutch lever installed.

Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 GEARBOX

on assembly. Connect the

clutch lever linkage and Fig 27
mark the position of the lever
detent at the forward, neutral Lever per original instructions
and reverse positions on the
lever quadrant. Cut the detent
slots a little past the actual Tap #4-40
⌀3/32 for cotter pin
engagement point so that the
linkage rod has to flex a bit to
firmly engage the clutch.
The shift selector lever
(figs 28 and 29) is positioned 1/4
just behind the axle housing 1/4
leaving enough room for the
exhaust pipe to drop down
between it and the axle
housing (photo 28). 1.0
1 1/4
Note that the shift selector
shaft must have flats for the
set screws - it will slip if it
does not.
The detents in the shift lever R1/8 ⌀1/8 two places
bracket (photos 29 and 30
and fig 30) are also located 3/16
on assembly. Install the shift 1/4 ⌀5/16
lever bracket and shift lever.
Move the shift fork to engage
one or the other of the gears
and mark the locations of the ⌀1/8
Tap #3-48 ⌀1/32
shift lever detent pin for high
speed, neutral and low speed.
Remove the bracket, drill the
holes at the marked locations
and reinstall.
Bend to allow rod to flex

Assembling the R3/16

transmission
5/32
All the gears will fit though the ⌀3/32
openings at the top of the case
once the cross member which
carries the upper bearing for ⌀3/16 #3-48 Thread
the clutch selector shaft is 1 1/2
removed.
Clutch Linkage Parts
1/8 ⌀1/8
Fig 28 The
shift R1/8

lever. The clutch linkage parts.

Install the idler gear before

28 anything else as it will be
inaccessible when the other
gears are in place. Secure the
shoulder bolt with Loctite or
equivalent.
Install the countershaft next.
Install the input shaft
bushings in the case, then
slide the clutch disk/gear
assemblies into the bushings.
Ensure the spacer rings are
in place and lock the gear
assemblies into the bushings
Shift Lever Assembly
with the snap rings. Note that
The gear shift and linkage installed. the spacer rings can go on >>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 621
 1 7/16
1/4
0.125 3/32 1/4

~
1/8
3/8 - Fig 29

11
7/64 5/16

⌀3/32

~
1/16

1/2
20 deg. ⌀5/32 ⌀3/32
7/8
3/32
1/4
⌀3/32
L J
1
R1/8
2 7/8 I I ⌀1/4
3/16
L_. +
1/4
1/16
1/4
1/8 See detail
1/4
5/16
I
5/16
⌀7/32 1 1/2
Lever
- Material optional 3/4 Tap #4-40
Plunger Housing Detail

~
1/8
⌀1/8
Arm
R1/8 -steel
1/8
0.150

~c
5/16 3/4
3/32
1/8 ⌀0.084
Shift Lever Parts

Spring ⌀5/32
⌀1/8
.020 spring wire Thread #3-48 for 1/4"
free length 5/16 Plunger
O.D. 0.150 - steel The shift lever parts.

■ 29
-Fig 30
The shift lever
mounting bracket. ⌀1/8, locate at assembly
1/2

R7/8
1/16
5/16

3/4
I 3/4

+ _l

The gear shift lever and bracket.

L~
Tap #4-40, locate at assembly
⌀1/8

1 7/8
1/8

either side of the bushing to and the clutch cones. Lock the shift collar onto the spline Fitting the case
properly locate the gear. cones into place allowing for then, holding the right-hand to the frame
Hold the ball bearing and its about ⅛ inch movement of the gear in place, add the shaft The rear axle housing must be
locking collars in the case and shaft to select one cone or the extension sleeve and
Shiftstud.Lever
Fit Bracket
shortened by approximately ¼
slide the input shaft though other. the right-hand bushing into the inch to fit the transmission in
them. Place the shoes on the Assemble the left side of the case and secure the assembly place. Once this is done, clamp
clutch fork and install the fork output shaft first, sliding the by tightening up the nut. the case against the left-hand
and cross member. Tighten output shaft with its integral Fit the shift fork shoes onto frame rail so that the output
the bearing locking collars spline through the left-hand the fork and install it and the gear is in mesh with the 96
into place. Install the ‘O’ rings gear and bushing. Place the shifter rod. tooth gear on the differential.

622 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 GEARBOX

30 31

Trial fitting the transmission and chain drive into the frame.

The gear shift lever being installed. Note that the set screw
(a temporary full-length screw here) is installed at an angle for easy access.

The top of the case should be the chain sparingly because

about ¼ inch below the top of Oil all parts manually while it is an exposed drive and you
the frame rails. Drill the holes don’t want it dripping oil all
for the mounting screws to tap fitting the pieces together... over the place.
size for the screws being used In operation, the roller should
through both the frame rail and easily pull itself but don’t
the transmission case. Tap both the frame and the bracket final drive gears engage fully. expect it to pull any additional
the holes in the case and open together. Open out the holes in Connect the clutch and shift loads. The metal rollers do
out the holes in the frame to the frame and tap the holes in levers and adjust the linkages not have much traction and
clearance size. the bracket. so that they work freely and the clutches, while adequate
Mount the transmission to Assemble and mount the engage both the forward and for demonstration, are not
the frame using these screws clutch lever and linkage. Move reverse clutches and the high capable of transmitting the full
(photo 31) and fill the space the clutch fork to engage the and low speed ranges. power of the engine. My roller
between the case and the clutch for each direction and Since the transmission is easily pulled itself over some
right-hand frame rail with determine the best location for relatively inaccessible once uneven ground and looked very
shims so that the case is tight the detents in the clutch lever installed, adequate lubrication realistic but, because the rolls
against the side rail. Check quadrant. The lever should for a long period without are cast aluminum, it ended
to confirm that the case is move a little past the ‘just maintenance should be up with quite a bit of gravel
properly positioned then drill engaging’ position so that the provided at assembly. Oil all embedded in the rolls.
and tap for the remaining flex in the linkage rod provides parts manually while fitting In conclusion, Westbury’s
mounting screws. some force to firmly engage the pieces together and fill the road roller is deservedly one of
The holes in the frame may each clutch. Disassemble and case with enough oil so that his more enduring designs and
have to be slotted to allow the file the detent notches in the it touches the bottom of the I think he would be very pleased
position to be shifted slightly quadrant. gears. Unlike a full-size working to find that examples are still
to adjust the mesh of the final machine, normal weight motor being built 80 years after the
drive gears. Final assembly oil will suffice - it does not have original publication. Adding a
Set the engine in place and Assemble the transmission to be heavy gear oil. more appropriate transmission
install the drive sprockets and mount it in the frame Once the engine is in place, only makes it better.
and chain. Trial fit the idler leaving the top cover open, install the chain drive and
sprocket, mark the location positioning it so that the adjust the tension. Lubricate ME
of the mounting screw holes,
then drill and tap the holes.
Assemble the shift lever
If you can’t always find a copy of this Please reserve/deliver my copy of Model Engineer
and its mounting bracket and on a regular basis, starting with issue
magazine, help is at hand! Complete this
fit it into the frame so that it
form and hand in at your local store, they’ll Title First name
lines up with the transmission
arrange for a copy of Surname
shift rod. This rod should clear
each issue to be reserved Address
the rear axle housing if the
for you. Some stores may
housing is made according to
even be able to arrange
the original plans. My shop-
for it to be delivered to
made axle casting was larger Postcode
your home. Just ask!
than the original and had to Telephone number
have a clearance slot cut in it.
~
Subject to availability
Clamp the bracket in place and

~
' · - - - - - -
drill the holes for its mounting
screws to tap size through · ··
_______ ______ __ _______
If you don’t want to miss an issue...
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________
~ -------
✃

www.model-engineer.co.uk 623
Early UK Oil Exploration
T
he early Industry has been
traditionally fueled by 1
Colin Hill coal. But what about oil?
recalls that War tends to be a game
changer in advances in
the North technology and geopolitical
Sea is not the only place supply issues – never more so
where oil can be found in than today.
the UK. The Dreadnought battleship
of 1905 was fueled by 2900
tons of coal and 1120 tons of
oil. The coal was loaded by
men carrying filled sacks on
their backs (photo 1) or latterly
using sack barrows to achieve
a loading rate of 300 tons
per hour. Coal consumption
was about 10 tons per hour.
Interestingly, whilst the ships Loading coal onto a battleship.
increased in shaft horsepower
by four times and doubled their geared turbines. This ratio There were many exceptions
speed, the fuel bunker capacity of 3 to 1, coal to oil, was the in the Emergency War
grew by just a third. Compare norm until the Elizabeth Class Purchase of ships - the Renown
Dreadnought at 23,000 shp on of 1912 programme when it and Repulse (1915) were oil
Parsons turbines and Hood at became 100 tons of coal and fueled and carried 4243 tons
144,000 shp on Brown Curtis 3400 tons of oil. of oil each. The Hood laid
down in 1916 and launched
in 1918 carried 4000 tons of
2 oil and no coal. So, in 1915,
the Government began its
search for mainland oil using
its Defence of the Realm Act to
gain land access.
Three main areas were
identified as having potential
----The Lothians in Scotland,
the Potteries area and the
Derbyshire coal fields area.
Only the latter area achieved
some success at Tibshelf.
Derbyshire was included
for the simple reason that for
many years oil had been found
in the lead and coal mines. In
1847 oil seepage had occurred
at the Riddings mine near
Alfreton. After about 20 years
of seepage, oil was flowing
at about 300 tons a week, but
nobody knew what to do with
it - except the rumour was it
was used to make candles.
Numerous lead mines in the
County such as Ashford,
Castleton, Eyam and Winster,
all reported oil seepages in the
workings.
Tibshelf oil well 1919.

624 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 HISTORY

Seven villages in Derbyshire rock strata, thereafter a bucket

were drilled for oil ---Tibshelf
(my home village – photo
bailer with trapdoor was used
the bring up the crushed rock.
■3
2), Ridgeway, Renishaw, Copious water helped this
Brimington, Heath and Ironville process. On 27th of May 1919
1 and 2. In 1915 Lord Cowdrey at 3077 feet they struck oil in
visited Chatsworth to get the reported sandy limestone
the Duke of Devonshire’s and it reached the surface on
permission to drill on his the night of June the 8th 1919.
land on the edge of Tibshelf The oil flowed into a small
village. The ownership of oil receiver tank and was then
mineral rights was unclear pumped into a storage tank
as no one had thought of oil with a flow rate of 400 gallons
drilling before. The Government a day. The crude oil was of very
solved this in the Petroleum high quality and suitable for
Production Act of 1918 which steam engine lubrication.
vested all rights to search for As the years went by the
oil exclusively in the Crown or output reduced and it was
its licensees. Nevertheless, the intended to blow the base of Crushed pipe from the oil well.
bureaucrats took three years to the well with nitroglycerine (a
get a contract signed with the sort of early fracking) but the rest. A smaller newer engine but unfortunately the wrong
Ministry of Munitions so the transport of nitroglycerine by was brought in but was not side of the Hardstoft fault
drilling could commence on the road was illegal. up to the task so the well was line and the oil would have
10th of September 1918. It was the first and only abandoned. dissipated into the broken
This well site was called the successful well of the time Earlier a further two wells ground. In the end the 1920s
Hardstoft no. 1 well and was and due to the land elevation had been sunk in 1923/24 equipment was packed up and
drilled by a gang of Americans was able to be piped down to and no. 2 well struck gas at sold to Germany.
who were the only people with a rail head at nearby Pilsley, by 1620 feet but who wanted Would not this site be an
the technology. Compared gravity, and then onwards by gas? The flow rate was 20,000 ideal place to start fracking?
to the locals they were paid rail to Pumpherston Refinery in cu. ft a day and was part
more than ten times the Scotland. used for servicing the site. ME
average wage for the time. The I can remember the Nodding Interestingly, at 3125 feet
contractor used the American Donkey pump going in 1946 on well 2 there was a strong
cable system with percussion but it all came to an end in ingress of high-pressure salt
tools that was standard at the the severe winter of 1947. The water which crushed the drill ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
time with an 80-foot derrick. night watchman had imbibed pipe (photo 3). The third well To my brother C.J.W. HILL, the
The chisel backed by a heavy too much and fell asleep so no. 3 was not successful. The Tibshelf village historian, for
sinker bar was lifted by a rope did not keep heat in the pump no. 2 well was 600 feet from permission to use his notes.
and let to fall breaking up the castings and frost did the the oil producing no. 1 oil well

NEXT ISSUE
Speedy Easy Wagons
Richard Gibbon Kevin Baldwin shows
transforms the how a determined model
performance of engineer armed with
a club member’s a welder and an angle
Speedy locomotive by grinder can make short
overhauling the piston work of building 7¼ inch
valves. gauge wagons that look
the part.
Coil Engine
Tony Swinfield swaps Road to Rail
steam for electricity as he Ken Toone adapts a 11⁄0th
constructs an engine that scale Landrover Defender
is driven by a magnetic to run on his club track.
field rather than steam
pressure. Content may be subject to change.

ON SALE 20 MAY 2022

www.model-engineer.co.uk 625
An ~~IT1@ITu@mruD~@[
iITu Astronomical
Bracket Clock
[lli[J@~lk@~ [[@~lk PART 28

Edges
These are polished whilst
Adrian holding the work in a vice. The
Garner jaws must be soft (e.g. fibre).
makes a Check that no swarf has been
buried into the jaws before
bracket clock showing use – a deep indent will be
both mean and sidereal frustrating to remove.
time. Where the edge is long, for
instance around the clock
plates, so called emery sticks
Continued from p.558 can be used. These are sold
M.E. 4689, 22 April 2022 in ‘retro’ style marked by a
number (0, 1, 2, etc.), the lower
the number, the finer the grit. I
have no idea why they are not
identified by grit size; it seems
a quaint throwback.
The abrasive paper glued
around these sticks (which
come in rectangular, triangular
and half round shapes) usually
has a ridge where the paper
overlaps. This will cause
unwanted scratches and I
always cut away the abrasive
on this side. This treatment
is equivalent to making one
edge of a file safe by grinding
it smooth; it also allows the
stick to get nearer into internal
corners.
The process for edges
is similar to that already • Where the edge is internal • The biggest problem is the
described, notably working and the hole is small (for corners. Where the angle
down the grades, washing instance a wheel crossing) is obtuse, the above sticks
between each. There are three miniature abrasive sticks work well. Where the angle
additional comments:- will be needed. I use both is acute, the sticks can be
1
⁄8 inch square and 3⁄16 x 1⁄8 made to work by bevelling the
inch hard wood available edges but they may become
134 from model shops cut into frail. For larger holes I hold a
100mm lengths. Double sided length of the abrasive against
Sellotape is stuck on one side the side of the blade of an old
and trimmed with a modelling kitchen knife which allows
knife to size. A slightly polishing into the corners. For
oversize piece of the abrasive small holes I do the same but
is then cut out, the backing with an old triangular file. The
on the Sellotape pealed off safe edge is turned to face
and the abrasive stuck in the surface not to be touched
place. Another trim with the whilst the serrations seem to
modelling knife produces a grip the back of the abrasive
The stages in making fine abrasive stick (photos sufficiently to allow polishing.
polishing sticks. 134 and 135. • Magnification, as described

626 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 ASTRONOMICAL CLOCK

removed the tailstock, cross the marks left by the lathe

135 slide and leadscrew. The dirt tool have been polished out.
then only accumulates in the These are quickly revealed by
chuck, on the lathe base and stopping the lathe and lightly
the slide bars of the lathe. rubbing length ways along the
After use this stripped down part with a fine grit abrasive
‘minimalist’ lathe is dismantled paper. Any visible ‘rings’ will
and relatively easily cleaned need more attention.
(photo 137).
The Unimat rotates too fast Large spherical surfaces
for my comfort when polishing. Large spherical objects may
I therefore made a Velleman be polished with a ‘mop’ but
K2636 Motor Speed Controller only if there are no sharp
(see website of supplier www. edges, corners etc. that will
rapidonline.com). I should catch in the mop. This can be
Polishing a wheel crossing with a home-made polishing stick. point out that this type of a dangerous process for both
speed controller only works the part being polished and
earlier, is virtually essential. It covering but I am very doubtful with brush type motors. the operator. It is essential
certainly makes this work far that this is fully effective. It A collection of holders is that there is a convenient way
more pleasurable. certainly does not stop grit needed. These are just bin ends of securely holding the object
entering the chuck. of studding and brass drilled and that protective glasses
Round surfaces The solution is to use a and tapped with appropriate are worn.
Turned parts are polished ‘utility’ type lathe. A lathe of thread sizes for the parts to be These requirements rule
whilst they rotate. This can be this type was described back in polished (photo 138). out most clock parts but
done in the lathe at the time Machinist’s Workshop, October Each part is mounted in the occasionally there are a few
the part is made which has 1999, updated in the April/ utility lathe and polished in that can be polished this way.
the advantage that the part is May 2001 issue, but there are stages as above, remembering An example is the large balls in
already securely held and it also alternatives. The simplest is to to wash between each stage. finials although my experience
spreads the task of polishing mount an old electric drill on a For large objects commercial is that it is still safer and best
throughout the making of the bench. The drill chuck is quite emery sticks may be used but to polish these parts in the
clock. The big disadvantage is accurate enough for polishing I find that the smaller home- utility lathe. I hardly ever use
that polishing is a dirty process purposes (photo 136). made sticks with known grit a mop.
generating fine brass dust as Currently, I use an old sizes more successful.
well as distributing particles Unimat SL lathe that has seen When the work is rotating, Fusée/complex
of abrasive. The effect on the better days. I am kind, however, it is sometimes surprisingly round shapes
lathe can be reduced by careful even to this old fellow. I have difficult to see whether all The motorised speed of the
lathe will inevitably be too fast
to allow these to be polished
136 137 safely. I therefore made up
a mandrel handle which can
be turned with the left hand
whilst following the fusée
groove with the abrasive
wrapped around a thick needle
with the right hand. I rotate
the mandrel in the reverse
direction to normal lathe
An improvised utility lathe – just a power drill mounted on turning. The abrasive is then
the bench. Whilst not a precision instrument, it is totally kept under tension around the
satisfactory for polishing clock parts and avoids abrasive The stripped down Unimat SL with a clock washer mounted for needle rather than rucking
being distributed over the lathe. polishing. up if the motion was towards
one’s fingers (photo 139).

138 139 Screw heads

- My method is virtually identical
to those fully described by
Roger Castle-Smith in the
Horological Journal back in
December 2007.
The sides of cheese head
screws are polished by
securing in short lengths of
tapped brass in the utility lathe.
It is near impossible,
Clock part holders consist of short lengths of studding The Fusée is polished by hand turning the lathe whilst holding however, to hold small screws
and bin ends of brass drilled and tapped. the abrasive paper around a thick needle against the groove. upright by hand to polish their >>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 627
heads without rounding the
edges. The dodge is to polish 140 141
them three at a time in a
holder. Photograph 140 shows
my version of the holders for
polishing the heads and tails
of screws as well as a couple
of screws whose sides have
just been polished in the
utility lathe.
The holders are made up
from 3⁄16 inch brass plate and
measure about 1½ x 1 3/8 inch. The heads of screws are quickly and painlessly The final stage, polishing with a soft brush and French chalk.
Each has six holes drilled and polished by securing into a plate, three at a time. For an unknown reason I was wearing oversized gloves!
tapped about ¼ inch from the
edge. These are laid out on satisfied, the plates are dried should be used to avoid photo 142. This Congreve
each plate as two triangles, one before any water marks form splashes when cleaning with clock was polished back in
plate has three holes tapped and then given a final polish anything other than water. The 2006 and still retains much of
10BA and three holes 8BA, with an 8000 grit home made fumes should also be avoided its shine. The key is never to
whilst the other has three each polishing stick. This is used – I usually do this work in the handle any parts other than
of 6BA and 4BA. dry and pulled across the garage with the main door with clean gloves and, except
plates to ensure any grain is open. for winding, to keep it under
Final finish in one direction. The plate is Once cleaned, the parts must its case. If I were polishing
Before finishing, the author no smoother – it just appears be handled with gloves as this today I would probably
usually opts for a final trial smoother to the eye. touching with bare hands will finish any external non-moving
assembly of the clock. The After this final polish cause marks to develop. parts with Renaissance
clock is then dismantled for it is essential to clean all The last stage, before Micro Crystalline Wax which
final polishing. parts without leaving any cleaning all pivot holes with I understand is the technique
I am aware of at least three water marks. To this end I peg wood, is to polish and used by the British Museum
options for the final polish. clean smaller parts using L remove any drying marks for protecting items.
• Polish with Solvol Autosol. & R #677 Waterless Clock with a soft brush charged I have admitted to my
This abrasive is sold in a Cleaner Solution (this is not with chalk by rubbing against methods. I am very happy
toothpaste type tube by ammoniated) in a beaker in the a French chalk block (photo to receive criticism. I really
auto suppliers for polishing ultrasonic tank for around one 141). It is a great sensation would like input from others
chrome on cars. It may be to two minutes. (I do not find it when, after a few strokes, the for their secrets for successful
used with leather glued to necessary to clean for three to brass gleams. polishing. Methods that speed
wooden sticks - a process five minutes as suggested in An example of the results up the process would be
similar to polishing with the instructions on the carton). from the above is shown in particularly welcome.
emery sticks. The tank must not be heated. ME
• Polish with Brasso. Never The tank is, of course filled
tried but one person I have with water around the beaker 142
spoken to recommended up to the usual mark. I have
diluting the Brasso 30% with been told that the water
white spirit. should be ‘softened’ with a
• Finer grades of MicroMesh dash of washing up liquid as
(6000, 8000 or 12000 grit are it reduces the strain on the
available) ultra sound transducer. Is this
mythology? Just in case it is
My preference is to use true I diligently add a drop to
finer grades of MicroMesh. the water before use.
I start by giving each part a Following cleaning the parts
couple of light strokes with are transferred to a beaker of L
4000 grit to remove any marks & R #3 Watch Rinsing Solution
caused during the final trial for another couple of minutes
assembly. After washing this shaking. The parts are then
is then followed with 8000 stood on clean kitchen towel
grit. Perfection may require an to dry.
intermediate stage with 6000 For large clock plates too
grit and a final polish with big to go into the ultrasonic
12000 grit but this depends on tank, I use old baking trays
the clock and your view. to immerse them in the L & R
When finishing the large solutions. Dental brushes are The end
area of the clock plates I used to prod around holes and result –
regularly dip the MicroMesh help the cleaning process. reflections
in water to which washing up For safety, protective gloves, and a crisp
liquid has been added. Once as well as eye protection, outline.

628 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

LNER B1 Locomotive
PART 5 - TENDER BRAKE GEAR

W
e now come to the tender wheels even if you have When turning the blocks, I
brake gear and for this to use the set for the Y4 for wouldn’t try to turn the grooves
Doug I am afraid we do not which I made the pattern years in them for the hangers as
Hewson have any castings but there are ago. They should be available it might play havoc with the
not that many castings that from The Steam Workshop. nervous system. It is far better
presents an would be appropriate for the That really only leaves the to separate the blocks and then
authentic 5 inch gauge brake gear anyway. I am sure brake hangers themselves and slot them with a ⅛ inch slitting
version of Thompson’s that you will be able to find a these are made from pieces of saw by just mounting them
most successful ring of blocks that would fit the ⅜ x ⅛ inch bright bar. in a machine vice attached to
locomotive.
26 27
Continued from p.491
M.E. 4688, 8 April 2022

Turning the brake ring. Sawing the slot in the brake block.

1/2
1/16 H 3/32
ROITT RADIUS
3/32"
~
I
-I H ~
'S ---.

IF TENDER IS TO BE USED FOR RIDING ON

THEN SUGGEST THAT JOURNALS ARE MADE
10mm {14mm BORE) AND USE NEEDLE ROLLER
BE'ARINGS WlTI-1 AXLE BOXES BORED TO SUIT.
AXLE JOURNALS Will EITHER NEED
3/32 1/2 3/32 TO BE HARDENED OR USE 10mm HARDENED
3/32
-l i DOWELS GLUED IN WlTI-1 LOCTITE 603

.... ~ ------- co

4 11/16 BACK TO BACK

5 GAUGE

TENDER WHEEL SET - Cl WHEELS & STEEL AXLES

>>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 629
the cross slide. Photographs
26 and 27 show my method of
turning the brake blocks and
slotting them.
To make the brake beams
you can use pieces of ¾ x
⅛ inch bright bar and photo
I-
--------
F
28 shows how I made mine
for one of my locomotives.
However, if you want to make
a proper job of the ones
for this tender, they have a
separate ring which needs
silver soldering on each end
i
I
first so that means the beams
will need shortening by 3⁄32 inch I
each end to fix them on. I have
also shown a split cotter in the
ends of the brake beams. The
i
I

make these I drill two No. 54

--------- :,

holes about 3⁄32 inch apart and

join the hole using a piercing
saw. It is well worth the effort
--------
of doing this as they are on
the outside of the tender. I
made the split cotters one
morning for my Class 4 4MT
out of a discarded Sainsbury’s
marmalade tin. Mind you I
had to fit them through a 1⁄16
inch rod and not a ⅛ inch
one like you need to do. They
were made to hold the slides
together for my valve guides!
Photograph 29 shows my
efforts in this quarter. Anyway,
it is well worth making the
effort and making a proper job.
There are two more brake
beams to make and one of Zf./Ll t
those is shaped the way it is
to avoid a clash with the water
scoop, which we will come to to be made properly also. The You can guarantee, in this prepared, especially with what
later. The brake rodding and fork joints are all forged on to game, that someone will want we are going to come to next!
fork joints also need some the ends of the rods so they to have a look underneath your The end of the brake beam is
thinking about as they want need making to represent this. tender so you had better be shown in photo 30.

28 29

Forming the ends of the brake beams. Making split cotters from a marmalade tin.

630 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 LNER B1

-------~-~ -~-~ -~-~-~-~ -~-~

i
i I

i
I II

I
i
I

·--------------0--
7 1/16

.t---e---------------------:J,
General arrangement and details of tender brake gear.

There are the two brake the thread is a larger size

adjusters which have an than the rod. Can’t you tell I
‘upset’ thread on each end of learnt blacksmithing at school
the rods, which means that and that has put me in good

30

~ 00

1 3/32 1 11/16

Brake beam end and linkage. >>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 631
632

2 5/32 1 9/16

1 3/8 1 3/8
_J
@~cof :;~
$

9/16 . 15/16 7/16

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BRAKE SHAFT - MS FABRICATION

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Model Engineer 6 May 2022

7/8 5 No. 43 HOLES N

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FOR SBA BOLTS $
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BRAKE SIWJ BE"ARINGS-2 REOUIBEP-BRA.55
 LNER B1

stead for these little tricks?

However, you can turn the end
of your rod down to 3⁄32 inch if
you like and then silver solder
a piece of 3⁄16 inch rod on to DRILL No.34 FOR co
the end of it if you drill it out 6BA SET SCREWS ~
with a No.40 drill. All that you TAP STRETCHER 11
need do then is to put a 2BA TO SUIT
thread on it and - hey presto -
job done. DRILL No. 50 TO
On the other end you need to
MAIN BORE FOR CENTRE DRILL SEATING
put a left-hand thread on, and
STEAM PASSAGE AND TAP BOSS 1/4 x 40
for the left-hand thread taps
and dies I always use Tracy
Tools as they give a next day
service if you order from them
before 3pm. You will obviously _J_
need both the taps and dies of
course. In fact, the next job is
to make the nuts for the links.
Needless to say, that one half T
GM CASTING
of the nut needs threading
with a left-hand thread and the
other half needs a right had
thread inside it but make sure I
you mark which end is which
by turning a little ‘V’ groove in
~ ..------- •o• RING
the ends which have a left-
hand thread in them and then 3 4
you won’t try putting one of
them on the wrong end! You
1/8 PIN PRESS FIT
will also soon learn which is
the best way to assemble the
rods so that they all work the
same way. PISTON CII)
As you will see, the brakes 3/8 STAINLESS
are all compensated so at the STEEL
front end there is a 2 to 1 lever

r:t- ~M~N~::~ ~
and on the second beam there 5/16-1 -
is a 1 to 1 lever and for the rear ~ ~ I
brake beam there is no lever,
so it just gives a straight pull.
I have made the brake handle ~:::!:=~==:J - 1 MS
the same as the works drawing
but if you wish to copy the N
one on the tender of 61264, $ WITH CYLINDER..................... ~
feel free. I think that all I need
to comment on further is the
No 50
AIR VENT
angle support for the top of the
brake handle. I would leave a
BRAKE CYLINDER, PISTON
large margin around the hole
where the bush fits in and silver AND PUSH ROD
solder that in first and then do
the tidying up afterwards.
We can now turn to the The first thing that you will obviously needs to be a good drawing. This is because the
steam brake cylinder. I would need to do is to part off the cap. fit in the bore and the laser cut other end of the shaft needs a
suggest that you make one, if The cylinders are blind bored so connecting link should come loose piece on it with two arms
only to complete the picture. you will need to run the boring with it. on it to turn independently to
There is a casting for this, as tool in and out a few times to The brake shaft comes in operate the water scoop. This
it is the same size as on my make sure the piston will go to two pieces, as you might have is operated by a lever on the
BR Standard Tenders. G & S the top. There is an inlet at the gathered from the drawings. separate piece of shaft. At
Supplies should have them top which needs tapping ¼ inch The centre bearing is held by each end of the brake shaft
in stock so if you wish to x 40 and then all you need do a bracket which hangs down there is a separate bearing and
purchase two whilst you are is to face the top and bottom. I from a pad beneath the drag the details of these are on the
at it the one on the engine is don’t think that the cap requires beam of the tender. There is drawing.
exactly the same. any input from me. The piston also a drawing of this on the ●To be continued.

www.model-engineer.co.uk 633
The Little
lJ[m@ [Lff~~f1@ Demon
D@lliJiJ@lliJ
Supercharged V8
§lUlp)(e W(C~@lW~cedl v~ PART 4

Mick
Knights
describes
the construction of a
supercharged V8 internal
combustion engine.

Continued from p.579

M.E. 4689, 22 April 2022

Crankshaft bore securely screwed into position, man enough to take out any
Before machining the as all five of the crankshaft slight misalignment between
crankshaft bore the three bearing diameters need to the two drilled holes without
crankshaft bearing clamping be line reamed to ensure compromising the accuracy of
blocks need to be machined concentricity. the finished bores.
and their locations, i.e. 1, 2 The quill travel on my mill/ I used a rotary table clamped
and 3, stamped on the top drill is only four inches, which in the vertical plane. This is
face. They then need to be means the camshaft and not for rotating the engine
crankshaft bores will have block, as both ends are set
to be machined initially from and machined in separate
19 both ends. No matter how well operations, but rather to
both end faces are set up a present the block accurately at
hole drilled and reamed from ninety degrees to the spindle
both ends is never going to be and to add stability to the
completely true. The only way machining process (photo 19).
around this is to drill from both Once the centre position
ends, machine ream the bore in the X-axis has been
from one end as far as the quill established this will stay the
travel will allow and continue same for the subsequent
the line reaming by hand away operations set from the other
from the machine. end face. The centre position
By only leaving the smallest in the Y-axis is established
amount of material to line using the same parallel side of
ream out of the two drilled the crankcase as a reference
holes, the reamers, being 0.500 point.
inch and 16mm diameter, when Once the absolute zero
guided by the four inches of position of the crankshaft
The block is secured in the vertical axis. the existing reamed bore, are bore has been established

634 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 LIT TLE DEMON

scrap the whole workpiece. bearing diameters completely

20 With this in mind I had true during assembly.
decided to try and fabricate I had a simpler modular
the crankshaft, if for no other system in mind and was
reason than it would eliminate thinking of making an
the need to make three very assembly fixture that
thin split main bearings. With would use the main bearing
a finished wall thickness of diameters as its location - in
0.062 inch this was itself a fact I’d started to cut some
process fraught with dangers. pieces of mild steel for that
The fabricated crankshaft very purpose - but during a
would be assembled with the light bulb moment and with a
main bearings in their running bit of lateral thinking I could
positions within the engine see that the crankcase itself
block. could be used as an assembly
The set of plans does have fixture where individual
drawings for an alternative modular pieces could be held,
modular constructed drilled, pinned and bonded in
Reaming the crankshaft bore. crankshaft, as well as the the positions that they would
crank machined from solid, but actually run in.
the positions of the cover operation would of course on closer inspection I could The end bearing diameters
plate securing holes should have been a lot easier if a hand see that the fabricated version of the crankshaft, one for the
be pitched out along with the reamer had been employed but was way too complicated flywheel mounting, the other
camshaft bore. I’m afraid my extensive kit is to have any real chance of the drive for the water-cooling
The first operation is to short of those particular items success in a hobby workshop fan, will run in small ball
drill two holes as deep as (photo 21)! This photograph as the alignment relies totally races, so both needed to be
possible for the crank and also shows that the three main on shallow close-fitting bores turned from larger diameter
camshaft bores. I always bearing clamps have all been and shoulders. Furthermore, bar in order to produce one
like to start any deep hole cleanly machined in line in one the ninety-degree positions of half of a module - hopefully all
drilling operation with a operation. the con-rod bearing journals will become clear when you
suitable stub drill to minimise rely on small male and look at the photographs. To
any deflection and wander. Crankshaft female milled squares, which produce a basic module two
A jobber drill of the same Things so far have been pretty are notoriously difficult to pieces need to be turned, one
diameter, which should be straightforward, although all accurately produce when using having a 0.500 inch diameter
0.015 inch or so under the possible care should have very small diameter milling for the main bearing, the other
finished reamed diameter, can been taken to ensure all the cutters. The internal square, having a 0.500 inch reamed
then be used to drill carefully machining is as close to with radiused internal corners, bore to accept the 0.500 inch
as far as the quill travel will the drawing dimensions as can only really be produced turned diameter.
allow. Before reaming, the possible. We’ll now take a accurately in a conventionally The two halves are drilled
bores are centralised by a look at a couple of the main equipped workshop by using and pinned by clamping
light boring operation as deep components, the crank and an expensive broach, which them together either side of a
as the boring tool can reach. camshaft, and the way I chose in all eventualities would only spacing disc which was faced
The crankshaft bore can now to produce them. have the one outing. To my to the exact width that will
be reamed as deep as the quill The first internal combustion mind the problem with this allow free rotation around the
travel will allow - this should engine I ever built was the modular crankshaft would main bearings. When clamped
ensure that all three of the Whittle V8. This engine had be in keeping all the different together the position of the
main bearing clamps are all both the crank and camshafts parts completely in line and all cross hole can be established
line reamed during this one machined from solid, the
operation (photo 20). After crankshaft from EN8 while
the camshaft bore has been the camshaft was machined 21
reamed as deep as possible from silver steel. The one
the crankcase is reset to drill thing that both components
the back face – again, all had in common was that with
cover plate securing holes every subsequent machining
should be pitched out along operation the component
with the main bores. This time became weaker and more
the main bores are only drilled flimsy, and of course prone
reaming diameter to break to chatter, but all dimensions,
into the previous drill and especially the bearing
reamed hole. diameters, had to be spot
The crankcase can then on size and with a smooth
be removed and the final line surface finish. I remember
reaming operation can be that the crankshaft took me a
completed away from the couple of weeks to machine
machine using the previously with each applied eccentric
reamed bore as the guide. This cut having the potential to Final reaming of the main bearing clamps. >>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 635
 22 23

Drilling for the cross pin through a bearing module. Drilling for the crankpin.

and a cross hole drilled a close once the entire crank shaft is the business. I bought it from complete the crankshaft is
fit to ⅛ inch silver steel. On assembled (photo 25). Be sure China, which is considerably set in the machine vice for
final assembly these pins will to use a bonding agent that cheaper than outlets in the UK the cross drilling and pinning
be bonded in position and will start to cure five minutes if you’re prepared to wait a few of the journals. 1⁄16 inch silver
filed flush but in the meantime or so after application, giving weeks for delivery. steel is used for these pins
they sit proud to allow for time to secure the module Leaving a time gap of about (photo 26). I’m happy to say
disassembly (photo 22). If at into position and make any half an hour to allow each the end result even exceeded
any time in the future a main slight adjustments if required. bonded journal to cure before my initial expectations, as the
bearing needs replacing this Some bonding agents will moving on to the next one, finished crankshaft revolved
pin could be drilled out to cure as soon as contact is the entire crankshaft can be freely in its bearing with
facilitate this. made and air is excluded. I assembled one module at a no remedial work required.
Each con-rod journal is used Loctite 648, a bit pricey time. The final photograph in this
positioned at ninety degrees but very effective as it is The previously assembled sequence hopefully will better
to the previous one and so designed to be used on close modules have to be removed demonstrate the process and
each module has to have two fitting components in hostile at each stage in order to construction of the crankshaft
holes drilled at ninety degrees environments. I’ve had my load the next module, then (photo 27).
to each other. With the module bottle of Loctite 648 for a few returned to the crankcase for
assembled and with the spacer years now and it still does the bonding to cure. Once lTo be continued.
back in position, using a length
of silver steel in the cross hole
the position of the second hole 24 25
at ninety degrees to the first
can be assessed so it won’t
break into the cross hole. The
first hole can be drilled through
the flange and a little way into
the spacer in order to leave a
clean through hole, then both
holes will be reamed at 6mm
away from the mill (photo 23).
The top half of the module
can now be removed and the Drilling the second crankpin hole displaced 90 degrees to the first. Assembling the crankshaft.
second hole positioned and
drilled at ninety degrees to the
first (photo 24). 26 27
The modules can now be
assembled in the crankcase,
one at a time. With the main
bearings and ball races in
position, a light clamp is
used to keep the unrestrained
crankshaft end diameter in
position. At this stage the
con-rod journals are bonded
in position and will be cross
drilled and securely pinned Cross drilling and pinning the journals. Crankshaft construction.

636 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

A Square in the Air
W
hen making models Two guides assist when fixing
of aircraft, boats and the position of the cylinder 1
Ray Griffin in model engineering block on the boiler. One is a
shows that I have often needed a movable centreline scribed along the
vertical reference edge not top surface of the boiler. The
projections, attached to the traditional other is a centreline scribed
protrusions and square base. There are on the base of the cylinder. In
protuberances need situations when the traditional theory, once these are lined
not be a problem when set square cannot be used, up the cylinder is correctly
squaring up to a model. for example when there is positioned. Helpful as this is, it
a projection that stops the would be satisfying to confirm
upright edge contacting the that it is correct. The round
piece to be tried. In the past, boiler prevents the application
possession of a reference of a set square. I devised
square, to ensure that upright a device based on a height
items on the deck of model gauge, where a vertical edge
boats were square to the hull replaced the scriber (photo
and deck would have been 1). Readers will spot that the
useful. Minnie is nearing completion
Recently I was setting the and that the cylinder is now in
cylinder block on the boiler its permanent position on the The square being used in a tricky situation.
of my 1 inch scale Minnie boiler. This photo was posed at
traction engine where the flat a later stage. a spigot that fitted into the
2 valve chest should be vertical. The first thing was to find clamp. Metal was removed
an upright column with a from three sides leaving the
movable slide. My collection manufacturer’s base untouched
3 of height gauges provided the (photo 3). To my surprise, the
answer. It was important that metal was easy to cut. As the
the column of the height gauge old saying goes, ‘the proof of
was vertical with the base. I did the pudding ...’ so I attached the
not have a method for checking modified square to the height
this but thought it safe to trust gauge and tested squareness
the manufacturer. My gauge against my trusted 14 inch
was made by Chesterman, Moore & Wright No. 400 set
a reputable source and had square. I tested at the bottom
been kept in a box and used and top of the square and was
carefully. It has a spigot and satisfied with the result (photos
clamp for the scriber (photo 4 and 5). I do not possess a
2) and I used these to attach genuine surface plate so use
Two small set squares; one as purchased the square. The space in the a round glass plate that was
Height gauge used as upright. and one modified to fit height gauge. clamp for the conventional once part of a machine used to
scriber was 0.184 inch wide impart a fine ultra-sharp edge
and 0.384 inch high, which to large steel knives used to
4 5 appeared to limit my choice of cut sections of wax-embedded
square. My first thought was tissues with microtomes in
to make an attachment from histology laboratories. The
two pieces of ground steel surface is exceptionally smooth
plate, silver soldered together and makes a perfect reference
in the shape of a Tee. However, plate.
the prospect of keeping them My ‘square in the air’ is
together at 90 degrees during a useful addition to my
the silver soldering process workshop. It was quickly and
made me examine some easily made and I am sure will
small set squares purchased find many uses in the future. I
some years ago, at model am surprised that something
engineering exhibitions. I like this had not come to my
chose the smallest model and attention earlier. Perhaps
Accuracy check at the bottom Accuracy check at the top of machined the end of the base they have been available
of a large set square. a large set square. with a milling machine to form but outside my sphere. ME

www.model-engineer.co.uk 637
 1

This well-presented display was by the Gauge 1 Miscellany Group.

The Midlands
i[m@ [Ml DCil ~rruCillIB Garden
~@IT1Cil @rru
i@D[ ~[m@ww
Rail Show 2022 '2@'212
A
t last, after over two covering just about everything for this gauge. Immediately
years of waiting a real this branch of the hobby behind this display was a wide-
John live exhibition was needed. These days there ranging selection of Gauge 1
Arrowsmith able to take place at the are some excellent products models courtesy of Gauge 1
Warwickshire Event Centre over available to induce anyone Miscellany. I know this gauge
celebrates the weekend of 12/13 March to get involved with smaller is becoming very popular at
a return to the exhibition 2022 where the Midlands model engineering. During my model engineering clubs with
scene with a trip to the Garden Rail show welcomed visit it did seem that the trade new layouts being constructed
Garden Rail show at visitors to a familiar venue. stands were doing quite well. at many sites, so this range of
Leamington Spa. Sixteen different clubs and I was told the previous day locomotives provided some
layouts were displaying their was extremely busy and it felt good examples of what is
work for every visitor to enjoy quite like old times. either available, or can be built
and it was so good to feel the Many of the old favourites (photo 1). A useful insight into
atmosphere once again. were in attendance as well as the cylinder assembly of a
Whilst it is not main stream some new faces, which is an single cylinder locomotive was
model engineering there was encouraging sign. As visitors another interesting exhibit.
a good selection of work and entered the main hall the The large Stanley Midland
models which do feature in National 2½ Gauge Association layout again featured
the model engineering world stand was prominent and full prominently at the top end
with many clubs these days with an excellent selection of of the hall and had all the
having a Garden Rail element models and fittings relating ingredients one could expect
to their club’s activities. to this end of the model from the Gauge 1 enthusiasts.
This show covers all those engineering scale. The theme There were lots of large steam
sections as well as the this year was focused on the locomotives in attendance
popular and nostalgic Gauge Southern Region with some working away on a variety
1 tinplate layout. In addition excellent models and rolling of different trains. The LNER
to the clubs there was a stock on show together with A4 Pacific Mallard was at
selection of trade stands a display of available castings home pulling a rake of ‘blood

638 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 SHOW REPORT

2 3

A4 Mallard streaks through

the main station on the Stanley One of David Viewing’s Victorian
Midland layout. computer-generated locomotives on
the Stanley Midland layout.

4 5

The powerful experimental 4-6-2 locomotive ‘Hush

Hush’ was part of the Bromsgrove SME display.
One of David’s superb
Victorian coaches.

& custard’ coaches and at year he had a fine selection of From the larger model and their stand demonstrated
times seemed to be trying computer-generated Victorian engineering clubs of this aspect of the club. On
to re-create its world speed locomotives and rolling stock Bromsgrove SME and Coventry the stand the excellent model
record (photo 2). A number of on display. All these vehicles MES came a varied selection of the LNER 4-6-2 Pacific
different locomotives like an were circa 1840’s and really of Gauge 1 models and stock locomotive known as the
LMS Coronation Pacific were demonstrated the progress which indicated to visitors the ‘Hush Hush’ engine was
doing their stuff along with being made in locomotive and interest there is in the larger prominent (photo 5) as was
a very nice BR STD Class 4 stock at the time. The London model engineering world. The the little steam crane which
tank with a rake of Southern & Birmingham 0-4-0 was a Bromsgrove Society has a had lots of detail (photo 6).
coaches. David Viewing is good example (photo 3) as very good garden layout at The Coventry display included
a regular contributor to this was the third-class coach from their club which features both a good example of a sensitive
presentation and again this the same period (photo 4). O Gauge and Gauge 1 tracks drilling spindle suitable for
an ML4 lathe and a nice de
Winton styled three cylinder
6 vertical boilered engine (photo
7). There was a wide variety
of models on the stand which
reflected the range of interest
within the club.
Staying with the larger
gauges, the Gauge 3 Society
supports the scenic end of the
2½ inch gauge spectrum with
another excellent little layout
featuring Chalfont, which
is a small GWR branch line
complete with a dairy (photo
8). A suitably weathered GWR
pannier tank was fussing
about in the yard all day.
Another large and popular
layout was that of the Gauge 1
This nice Gauge 1 steam crane displayed on the Bromsgrove SME stand. Vintage Tinplate Trains group. >>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 639
 7 8

An interesting three cylinder de Winton locomotive on the Coventry stand. Gauge 3 perfection with the 2½ inch Chalfont layout.

9 10

Nostalgia aplenty with the Gauge 1 Vintage Tinplate Layout. The impressive GWR signal box on the Newchapel Junction presentation.

It was good to see the layout you are interested and live in
11 and to reminisce about the this area get in touch.
system from years ago and One layout, the Newchapel
how these days it all seems Junction layout is a regular
to still work very well (photo contributor to the show with
9). The LSWR Railcar was a its large ‘O’ system depicting
locomotive I had not seen a railway somewhere in the
before and I was assured that Yeovil area which has joint
its livery was fully authentic. running powers for both GWR
It was based on a 1903/4 and Southern motive power
design and, of course, like and stock. It is fully semaphore
other railways of that period signalled and operates a very
On the Southern side of the Newchapel Jct. layout this was one of the forerunners of busy timetable so that there
lovely T9 and Southern stock was in action. the modern multiple diesel or is always movement all over
electric units. the layout, whether it is a
A new club, well new to simple shunting movement or
12 me, was the Leamington a classic express train of the
and Warwick Model Railway era. Beautifully modelled, both
club who had a small stand scenery and rolling stock, this
promoting the building of a layout conveys the atmosphere
new outdoor 100m layout of the way railways used to
with both 32mm and 45mm operate really well (photos
tracks. Located just outside 10 and 11). I caught one of
Leamington Spa, the club their members working on
has a good clubroom with repairs to a GWR pannier tank
a large layout space, library, locomotive (photo 12).
discussion area and kitchen. From fine scale railway
The latest project will enable modelling to outdoor railways
“I’ll get that screw in if it kills me” - a team member carrying them to offer every gauge from in G scale. The G scale
out repairs on the Newchapel layout. 45mm down to N gauge, so if Publicity Layout had its usual

640 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 SHOW REPORT

mix of steam and diesel interesting little areas showing

outline motive power on show the details of the railway 13
and this was combined with (photo 14).
plenty of action and scenic A much larger layout was
detail. The steam locomotives displayed by the 16mm Group
are continental in outline with their Mendip Vale portable
while the rolling stock is exhibition layout. Located at
another mixture of both types. the junction of two narrow
Track power is still the main gauge lines, the railway has
source of propulsion but I was plenty of activity and features
told that changes are in the to entertain the visitors. For
air with both steam and radio example, one of the lines leads
control being introduced. to a water pumping station
There is also a movement which looks like a beam engine
to include more families to house. There were some
the gauge and hopefully a interesting locomotives on
younger element of devotees. show like the Double Fairlie
At the other end of the hall David Lloyd George which was
the Thomas’s Trackway has steaming well (photo 15). A
been created by the East small engine shed added to A busy scene on the Thomas Trackway layout.
Midlands G Scale Area Group the overall railway atmosphere.
particularly with children in Another fine scale layout was of Hampton End. Following for a layout. The individual
mind. This layout has many the ‘O’ Gauge Lough Motive closure by BR the line was sections are made and
of the popular Thomas and Power Depot. Loosely based on taken over by a group of stored by members, then
friends locomotives and stock a GWR running shed towards enthusiasts who now operate assembled to make use of the
on show which did attract the the end of steam the layout the system. It has continental maximum space available at
younger visitors (photo 13). covers most GWR locomotives engines and stock and is an exhibition and with infinite
There was also a range of with a range of other regions on always busy with many combinations. This sounds to
other locomotives and stock shed as well (photo 16). Diesels different sorts of trains. me like a very clever idea but
operating as well. In similar are included so an oil depot is The 16mm Association I’m sure that the installation
scale the Whiteleaf Light also present. Modular layout is a concept is not quite as simple as
Railway had their overhead The Hampton End 45mm which enables a large layout to it may seem. However, the
powered system operating railway regularly attends this be assembled from individual group had a good selection of
with both steam and electric show and shows a small sections without the need models and some based on
motive power and lots of branch line serving the village to have a large storage area the American loading gauge
(photo 17).
To end my notes, I would
14 15 like to thank Meridienne
Exhibitions Ltd for organising
the show, which reminded the
visitors just what has been
missing these last couple
of years. I would also like to
thank all the exhibitors and
traders for attending because
without you all there would be
no show. It was an excellent
show which I hope everyone
A busy corner under the wires on the Whiteleaf Light Railway. Double Fairlie at work on the narrow-gauge enjoyed.
Severn Mendip layout. ME

16 17

Changing times on the Lough MPD with Western Region, This American locomotive was performing on the 16mm Association Modular layout.
Eastern Region, Standards and diesels all together on shed.

www.model-engineer.co.uk 641
 Peter
Seymour-
Howell
builds a fine, fully
detailed model of
Gresley’s iconic
locomotive to Don
Young’s drawings.

Continued from p.577

~
M.E. 4689, 22 April 2022

PART 43 –
PAINTING
THE CHASSIS
Painting by Diane Carney.

Flying Scotsman
in 5 Inch Gauge
N
ow it’s time to look
at the painting. In
preparation I have
removed the smokebox,
running boards, cab and front
buffers. I have cut all of the
permanent running board
10BA screws to length so that
they are flush with the bottom
of the side valance angle. I
have also made note of a few
of the removable 10BA screws
that are used to hold the entire
running board sides (single
piece) in place that I wish to
also make permanent fixtures
- what I mean is only a few
select removable screws will
be actually holding the running
1. Here is the chassis, stripped down ready for painting. boards in place, fewer than

642 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 THE FLYING SCOTSMAN

30. The other few hundred

will never need to be removed
and thus the paint won't get
damaged along the main
outside line of screws. All of
the 8BA side valance bolts will
remain removable.
Finally the chassis was
nearly fully stripped and this
is pretty much how it would
be for painting, but the front
buffer beam with buffer
housings is far too involved to
remove for painting. It would
make lining of the buffer beam
easier but since some of the
countersunk screws will be 2. Using a length of 5⁄16 inch bar to check that all was square with no stiffness.
under the red paint I've chosen
to leave in place. At this stage
the chassis is much lighter and 3. Transferring the hole positions from
relatively easy to manipulate the frames to the bearings.
so wasn’t too much of a
problem.

Weighshaft bearings
Now that the chassis was
prepped, I moved onto the
weighshaft bearings as I
needed these fitted before
painting. There's nothing
difficult about them but they
do involve a little thought
in which sequence is best
to machine them in. They
involve part turning and a little
fabrication.
The first things to make were
the bearings themselves along
with their spigots which engage 4. Back to the frames again to 5. Here are the bearings temporally fitted and with the braces silver soldered
with the holes in the chassis. check that the holes line up. in place. For the braces I cut six triangles from brass sheet, used 0.5 mm silver
I then needed to take care of solder wire held in place with tweezers and brazed in place.
the various mounting holes
that hold the bearing in place. With the holes marked I then I was a little surprised that Painting
These aren't all on the same drilled each by hand on the mill, there are no bronze bushes I prepared the frames ready
arc around the bearing as they letting the drill find the centre in this bearing - steel on steel for primer and just went over
follow the expansion bracket of each transfer mark. The last seems a little strange to me everything one more time in
more than the bearing itself. machining jobs were the taper but then it's not a fully rotating case I'd missed something that
I clamped each to the frames and the 5⁄64 inch wide collar that part so should be okay. should be done to the frames
and transferred the holes. sits on the tip of the bearing. first.

6. Here’s the trailing frame assembly - it’s great that I discovered early on that I can 7. Then it’s the front bogie’s turn and this was a lot of work. I had to literally split the
remove this as a single unit but, of course, most of it all needs to come apart for painting. frames to remove the sideways spring control system incorporated in this part and
everything that needed to be removed first. >>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 643
8. Here’s the underside, which I did first. 9. Here’s a close up of the red - looks even 10. The bogie after painting and reassembly.
better in the morning light so I’m happy.

11. The frames are progressing well and here’s an overall view to show how they 12. Here I have set up the trailing axle ready for lining.
look. The unpainted area between frames is where the middle cylinder sits.

I masked up general areas

to keep any overspray down, I
also masked up the lightening
holes and the front roughly
where the red/black divide is.
The brake trunnions and spring
brackets which will be black I
left unmasked and these will
be over painted once the red is
fully cured. I gave this about 3
coats and left to dry for a few
minutes.
I then turned the chassis
over and did the top - I actually
repeated this process twice… 14. The main wheels repainted and back on.
Once the paint was semi dry,
I took the chassis back into the
workshop and removed all of 13. Here is a closeup of the various components for
the tape – there was not too reassembly of the Cartazzi axle. As you can see the lining
much over spray which made for the spring and axlebox covers has been applied.
life a little easier for prepping
before adding the black. I'm making the pass - there's a lot care of any blemishes ready undoing to remove the boards.
very happy with the result - no of quick blasts involved due to for painting. This involved Any dips (particularly around
runs and good coverage all all the parts and their difficult removing the six splashers and the splasher support rivets)
over. You can't do the usual to get at crevices. Loctiting in some of the 10BA were filled with cellulose putty
practice of spray before I stripped down the various countersunk screws in my bid - they are all very fine dings so
reaching the job and stop after running board sections, taking to reduce the number that need didn't require a heavier filler.

644 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 THE FLYING SCOTSMAN

After that I moved on to

the smokebox and removed
all of the furniture including
the door ring. I did this as I
wasn’t happy with the finish
on the tube which had many
machining lines along its
length which would have
showed once painted. An hour
in the garden with the orbital
sander fixed that problem.
I ordered a tube of plumber’s
flue sealant, which is black
and rated for up to 300
degrees C. I reassembled all 16. The smokebox benefitted from a little attention from an orbital sander.
of the furniture that was the
same black as the smokebox
using the sealant to seal all 15. Here are the running boards and splashers.
of the 12BA bolt holes and
the door ring will also be Lining the turning using my electric stop rotating as pressure was
sealed with said sealant. The Now there were various bits cordless and a Dremel rubber applied with the pen. So, I tried
handrails, builder’s plates and of lining to do, in Vermillion, sanding wheel pushed against turning the buffer by hand
ejector elbow were refitted including the valances, the the lathe belt pulley, similar to which worked much better
after painting. The smokebox trailing frames and the front how Chris Vine described in giving me full control of the line,
tube was sealed to the saddle buffer beam, and a pile of his excellent book 'How not after giving two coats I turned
and the whole assembly was smaller parts. to paint your locomotive'. I the lathe on and using a fine
painted as one unit. A particular challenge was soon gave up on this as the brush dipped in lighter fluid I
The buffer stocks were the lining of the buffer stocks. buffer was only pushed on to tidied up the edges of the line,
painted in gloss black and then I used my small Unimat to hold a suitable piece of brass round which worked very well.
lined. the buffers and first tried doing bar thus not secured and would ●To be continued.

18. Here I have made a start on the buffer beam lining - it’s nearly there but I find this
work very straining on my eyes these days so will leave it a short while before taking
17. The trailing frames are one of the few areas on the chassis to be lined. another look... oh to have young eyes again!

19. Picture to show one of 20. Finally, here she is in all her glory, looking pretty smart I reckon!
the buffer stocks lined.

www.model-engineer.co.uk 645
Soft Soldering PART 1

Introduction electronics industry, are very History

This all started when Mike good and I use them almost Whilst there are plenty of
Graham asked, in The Journal of exclusively, though with a paste ancient examples of precious
Astbury the Society of Model and flux’. An additional reference, metals being soldered going
Experimental Engineers, for thanks to Peter Haycock, who back around 6000 years, the
and Mike some guidance about soft responded to Mike's posts use of base metals does
Tilby delve soldering tinplate to make an on the S.M.E.E. on-line forum not seem to have as long an
into the all-steel hull of a First World ‘Work on the Table’, is D.J. history. According to Vianco
background War 'R' Class destroyer that he Stewart who says ‘...I use resin (ref 7), the knowledge that
behind was building (ref 1). Mike had flux, saving the rather keen precious metals were soldered
been researching the building Bakers fluid for difficult joints...’ is evidenced by their survival,
fluxes and
of tinplate hulled boats and (ref 5). These various words usually buried in the ground,
soft solders. found an article by Norman of wisdom all seem to be where their inertness allowed
A. Ough who described the contradictory and merely add them to persist virtually
building of all-steel hulls in to the confusion. unscathed. However, base
Model Maker (ref 2). Ough After reading Mike's request metals did not tend to last
recommended the use of in The Journal, Graham wrote a because corrosion from acids
plumbers' or tinmans' solder few lines on his experience of and salts in the soil usually
as he said ‘...the cored solder soldering tinplate having used occurred. There is some
used by electricians being Fluxite® with success and no evidence that pure lead was
unsuitable because it is too corrosion afterwards but he used for soldering utensils
soft...’. He also stated that, in found that, when using it on dating back around 5000 years
his opinion, Baker's Soldering plain un-tinned steel, it was a but the main use of solders
Fluid® was the best flux to little difficult to get the solder as we know them, containing
use despite the corrosive to wet the steel, although both tin and lead, seem to have
nature of it but suggested ‘... once tinned a successful joint originated in Northern Europe
This is acid and corrosive so resulted. Graham also advised with the Celtic and Gallic
the work should be rinsed in that using Baker's Soldering cultures about 3900 years ago.
water when assembled...’. He Fluid® necessitated thorough There is chemical evidence
also stated that ‘...it is far washing of the joint with hot that the Romans used tin-
more efficient than the greasy water afterwards to avoid based solder for joining pipes
fluxes...’. corrosion. He also found that (ref 8), and Pliny the Elder (1st
A later book by Lt. Col. the newer lead-free solders, Century CE) says that an alloy
Batchelor (ref 3) contradicts particularly the 99.3/0.7 tin/ containing two parts of black
this as he wrote that ‘... copper solders, seem to need lead (modern lead) and one
acid fluxes should never be a later type of paste flux part of white lead (i.e. tin) was
used because of trouble with commonly available as Fry's used for that purpose (ref 9),
corrosion in the joints...’. He Powerflo® flux (ref 6). so nothing is particularly new
also advised against the use However, this was not the in soldering.
of solders with rosin-based end of the discussion - it Until the mid 1800s,
fluxes in them since they was only the beginning. We soldering was used exclusively
leave residues which are corresponded on the issues for what could be described
difficult to remove. Batchelor of flux and soft solders for as ‘structural purposes’ -
recommended the use of some time and the resulting simple joining of two pieces
'Fluxite'® paste flux. Another researches led to a greater of metal together to form a
source of information was understanding of how fluxes new object. However, from the
an article by John Purvis in work and which are best for mid 1800s onwards, electricity
Model Boats, which has been which particular metals - even started to become used in
made available on the Model delving into the history of everyday life and copper
Boats website (ref 4), who soldering itself. The question wires in particular had to be
wrote that ‘...I no longer use is - which came first, the joined by a more permanent
tinman’s 60/40 solder. The solder or the flux? In the method than by screwed
“received wisdom” used to case of this article, the flux terminals. Hence solder was
advise avoiding cored solders is usually applied to the job used and, as the requirements
due to the difficulty in removing before the solder, so that is were more stringent than
resin residues but modern “no the way that we will present simple mechanical strength,
residue” types, made for the our findings. the solders and the fluxes

646 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 SOLDERING

used became more and more the paste and stirred in. The patented by many different chloride based fluxes also
sophisticated. Thus, soldering flux was then ready to use. companies and individuals contain ammonium chloride.
has diverged into two distinctly This particular formulation and it seems that fluxes for The term ‘killed spirits’ refers
different areas. was specifically for tinning soft soldering are now so to the original method of
As for fluxes, there seems cast iron - which is notoriously numerous that the choice is making zinc chloride by adding
little evidence of who first used difficult to tin satisfactorily. almost limitless. However, from zinc metal to hydrochloric
a flux and what was used. For It would seem that the zinc all the various fluxes available, acid and so ‘killing’ the free
centuries, decorative stained chloride was there to attack it seems that just a few criteria acid. When heated in the
glass windows were soldered the surface of the cast iron allow selection of a suitable presence of moisture zinc
using as flux the substance dissolving the oxide to make flux. These are based on the chloride gradually gives rise
known as tallow, which is it easier for the tin to adhere type of solder to be used, the to hydrochloric acid and that
rendered animal fat. The use of to the surface. The residues of base metal to be joined and the dissolves the metal oxides.
rosin as a flux is also historical these fluxes containing zinc ease of cleaning the joint and (Zinc chloride remains in the
as the Romans were familiar chloride are corrosive and they surrounding metal. flux solution during storage
with it. Rosin is also called do need to be washed off the When soldering, it is and breaks down slowly
colophony or Greek pitch - finished job using hot water. necessary to remove all traces during the soldering operation
which had the Latin name pix Since the advent of electrical of oil and grease and surface whereas if hydrochloric acid
graeca - as this was readily and electronic circuits, it oxidation before starting. This, were used, it would all quickly
available seeping out of the was appreciated that the of course, begs the question escape as a gas, especially
bark of pine trees. The rosin inorganic zinc chloride in ‘why clean everything of oil when heated.) The specific
allowed the solder to flow onto the flux would need to be and grease, and then coat recommendations as to any
the surface - hence the term removed to prevent corrosion it with greasy tallow?’. The particular flux and solder for
flux which is Latin for flow. We of the metals being joined. main reason seems to be that various metals will be given
owe a lot to the Romans. For substantial metal items, a most oils and greases consist later in the article.
little corrosion is unimportant of hydrocarbons which Finally, there can be a
Fluxes and does not materially affect have no acidic properties. requirement to apply a
As just mentioned, the oldest the strength of the soldered As mentioned above, tallow special flux of phosphoric
fluxes were originally made joint. However, it was soon contains weak organic acids acid when using low melting
from tallow or gum rosin. As realised that with small thin which can remove metal point specialised solders. As
a note, the term ‘rosin’ in this wires a little corrosion would oxides from the surface to will be discussed later, these
article denotes the natural be very significant, so the which solder is being applied. solders are more correctly
resinous material that is found fluxes were modified to remove This ability will be very weak termed ‘fusible alloys’ and
in trees. The term ‘resin’ is the inorganic acidic species, but the amount of oxide are usually used to solder
any derivative or processed such as zinc chloride, which present will be extremely together parts of white metal
material based on rosin, be it would ultimately combine with small if the surface has die cast kits for the small scale
chemically reacted with the moisture to form corrosive been prepared thoroughly model railway fraternity. For
rosin or merely mixed with it. acids which would attack the beforehand. However, the some soft-soldering, more
Rosin is not particularly easy copper of the wires. Therefore, ability of molten solder to aggressive fluxes, including
to use as it is a brittle solid attention turned to less acidic flow across (i.e. to wet) the phosphoric acid, are required
at room temperature and fluxes which used organic surface seems to be governed on stainless steels. A combined
therefore difficult to apply. acids in particular; hence the by many factors and other flux of 2-(2-aminoethylamino)
Tallow is also solid at ambient use of rosin flux containing aspects of the chemical ethanol and ammonium
temperatures but much abietic acid was preferred. properties of flux materials hydrogen difluoride is used on
softer, so is easier to apply to However, this is very brittle and may play a role in promoting aluminium. The soldering of
the metal, particularly if the needed something to soften it, wetting. For example, how low melting point specialist
metal is heated a little so the and tallow seemed to be ideal effectively they block access solders will be discussed later,
tallow melts and runs onto as it also contained stearic of oxygen in the air and how but the soldering of aluminium
the surface. Tallow contains acid - again an organic acid the coating of flux is bound to and its alloys requires
several organic acids, mainly which would have an effect the metal and can be pushed specialised techniques for
oleic acid, palmitic acid on metal oxides but would not aside by the flowing solder. successful results and will not
and stearic acid. Gum rosin corrode the wires (ref 11). For easy-to-tin metals such be discussed further in detail
contains abietic acid. These At soldering temperatures, as brass and copper, all that (although see Table 2 in Part 4).
organic acids have the ability the surface copper oxide reacts is needed is a flux that wets
to react with, and remove, any with the organic acids to form the parent metal surface and Solders
oxides on the metal’s surface. a soap which is soluble in the only a mild oxide-removing There are almost as many
In more modern times, a molten rosin flux. Whilst this property is necessary so soft solders on the market as
tallow and modified gum rosin is stated as a mechanism on the weak abietic and fatty fluxes. Generally, soft solders
was patented by Read-Wale Wikipedia (en.wikipedia.org/ acids are sufficient. Metals are defined as a tin- or lead-
in 1919 (ref 10). Read-Wale wiki/Flux_(metallurgy)) without that are more difficult to tin based alloys which become
melted one part of tallow with any scientific reference, it such as mild steel require a totally liquid between 180
one eighth part of gum rosin has been corroborated as a more aggressive flux such degrees C and 450 degrees
dissolved in 'spirit' (ethanol?) likely mechanism by Norman as an aqueous solution of C. We will adopt the same
and heated it until molten. Billingham (Professor of zinc chloride (‘killed spirits’ definition for this article.
Then it was allowed to cool Chemistry at the University or Baker's Soldering Fluid®) You will notice the wording
into a paste and one half part of Sussex). Subsequently, to attack the surface oxides ‘totally liquid’ when referring to
of zinc chloride was added to many varied fluxes have been and dissolve them. Some zinc solders. This is a complication >>

www.model-engineer.co.uk 647
 - Fig 1
350 -

l r
Eutectic
Composition

I r
u
0

<I)
TT I
...
L.

~
::,
+-
Always lir id above blue lines
_L
<I)
Q.
E Sol id a Pb + liq uid

~
in this area
200 a

Solid a + i in this area Always ~ lid below brown line Solid J3 +a in t his a,L
J3

1
I I
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Tin/lead phase diagram. % Tin by weight

that can arise with mixtures of point of pure lead (Pb) is lead dissolve in crystalline and are usually described as α
molten metals. As they cool 327.5 degrees C at the top solid tin to form β (beta) phase (alpha), β (beta) or γ (gamma)
one of the metals starts to left of the diagram and the grains and again that leads forms. The terms α, β and γ
solidify as very small particles melting point of pure tin (Sn) to an increase in lead in the are attributed to increasing
and the remaining molten is 231.9 degrees C at the top remaining liquid and hence temperatures at which these
part of the mixture becomes right of the diagram. These a decrease in the melting forms are stable. The sloping
enriched for the other metal. are both very sharp melting point compared to pure tin. line from the melting point of
The simplest way to explain points. The blue lines are At the composition of 37% pure lead down to the brown
this is to draw a phase diagram actually slightly curved but the lead + 63% tin, as liquid solder line at about 15% tin is where
which shows diagrammatically error in assuming that they cools it freezes to form a the solid is the α phase of
how the tin/lead solder are straight is minimal. The mixture of α and β phases lead-tin alloy. This is all a
behaves when cooling. A brown horizontal line at 183 and since the concentration bit academic and doesn't
phase diagram shows the degrees C is the temperature of the liquid remains constant really matter as it becomes
phases of the mixture - with below which all mixtures of it all solidifies at the same so complex that it is easy
a phase being either liquid or tin and lead are solid. When temperature. Mixtures showing to lose sight of the origins
solid - and how these form fully molten, tin and lead mix this phenomenon of forming of why certain solders are
with respect to temperature. together in all ratios but, like a lower melting point liquid better than others. Hence the
There are many drawings many metals, as they solidify of uniform composition of melting point of the solder can
of the phase diagram for tin they form grains in which two components are known actually be a range rather than
and lead but many do not their atoms are arranged in as eutectic mixtures from a defined point.
give the exact compositions very regular patterns. In other the Greek ‘εύ’ (eu = well) and Looking at fig 1 again, a
of the phases. Also, there words, grains are crystals. ‘τήξις’ (tēxis = melting). The mixture of say 30% tin and
are often discrepancies Lead crystals can include a eutectic composition is the 70% lead (a typical plumbers’
between different sources scattering of tin atoms and so only one apart from the pure solder) at a temperature of
of the exact compositions form a solid solution of tin in metals which has a single, 330 degrees C will be fully
when they are quoted. We did lead. This material is labelled sharp melting point. molten. If this is now cooled
eventually find an annotated as the α (alpha) phase in fig 1. The blue line in fig 1 is it stays fully liquid until the
phase diagram of the tin-lead However, if the concentration termed the liquidus and above temperature reaches the blue
system presented by Callister of tin in the liquid exceeds the that line the mixture is always line, at around 265 degrees C.
(ref 12), and we have redrawn solubility of tin in solid lead molten. The brown line is Below this temperature the
the diagram into a somewhat then the excess tin is excluded termed the solidus and below mixture contains too much
simpler form in fig 1. from the solid grains that form. this line, the mixture is always lead to dissolve completely
Looking at fig 1, the axes As a result, the concentration solid. In between the blue and in the tin and the lead starts
are % by weight of tin along of tin in the liquid increases brown lines the mixture has to precipitate out as fine
the bottom (X-axis) and and this causes the remaining two (or more) phases. Here a crystals of the α alloy. (This is
temperature in degrees C up liquid to remain liquid down phase is defined as a distinctly similar to a saturated solution
the side (Y-axis). The melting to a lower temperature (i.e. separate entity - be it liquid of salt in hot water - as it
points of the pure components its melting point decreases). or solid. Some alloys exhibit cools, the salt precipitates
are where the blue lines meet In solders with very high tin different forms of solids which out as fine crystals.) The
the two axes, so the melting contents small amounts of are different forms of crystals remaining liquid becomes

648 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 SOLDERING

increasingly richer in tin and pure α phase lead alloy in the

its freezing point falls along fillet. In practice, some types REFERENCES
the blue line until the eutectic of plumbers' solder contain 1. Tilby, M., The Journal of the Society of Model and
composition is reached, when antimony as well as tin and Experimental Engineers, 28, (6), 10 (2020).
the whole remaining mass lead, but that is because 2. Ough, N.A., All steel construction Part 1, Model Maker,
freezes. During this cooling, the antimony improves the December 1958: 608-609.
as the amount of the α alloy strength of the solder and is 3. Batchelor, H.T.N., Tinplate construction, pp. 46 - 60, in Bowen, J.,
precipitated out increases, cheaper than tin. However, (Ed) Scale model warships, Mayflower Books, New York, (1978).
the resultant mass slowly as usual, there is a downside 4. www.modelboats.co.uk/news/article/
becomes more and more because antimony reacts with model-shipbuilding-in-steel/480
solid resulting in a ‘pasty’ zinc and produces brittleness 5. Stewart, D.J., Tinplate construction. Model Shipwright
stage which was exploited by in the joint, so plumber's 23, 30 - 34, (1978).
plumbers for ‘wiping’ a joint solder, which is still available 6. Astbury, G, The Journal of the Society of Model and
in lead piping systems. This in bar and reel forms, should Experimental Engineers, 29 (1): 8 (2021).
is practical for this solder not really be used for soldering 7. Vianco, P., Soldering Handbook, American Welding Society,
composition because of the any zinc-containing metals, Miami, FL. (2000).
wide melting range of 183- such as perforated zinc sheet 8. Paparazzo, Ernesto, Surface and interface analysis of a Roman
243 degrees C. In this context or galvanised steel (ref 13). It lead pipe ‘fistula’: microchemistry of the soldering at the join,
the word ‘plumber’ refers to seems that the zinc present as seen by scanning Auger microscopy and X-ray photoelectron
a skilled person who works in brasses is not affected by spectroscopy, Applied Surface Science, 74, No.1, 61-72 (1994).
with lead - be it sheet lead for this as the traditional plumber 9. Rackham, H., 1952. Natural History, Vol 10, Cambridge;
roofing, lead piping or lead used to connect lead piping to Translation of Pliny, Historia Naturalis, Vol 34 (No. 161), p 242.
linings in chemical process copper piping using a wiped 10. Read-Wale, William Frederick Snr. and Read-Wale, William
vessels - and not the common joint from the lead to a short Frederick Jnr., A New or Improved Flux for the Coating of Iron
modern misnomer of a person brass section of pipe which and Other Metals, British Patent No. 129844, 24th July 1919.
who repairs and installs then connects to the copper 11. orrance, David Abercrombie, An Improved Flux for use in
domestic copper and plastic pipe to minimise the risk of Soldering, British Patent No. 207015, 22nd November 1923.
pipe work who would be better galvanic corrosion (ref 14). 12. Callister, W.D. Materials Science and Engineering - An
described as a pipe-fitter. Introduction, John Wiley & Sons, Inc., (1997).
Plumbers' solder is good for This article has previously 13. Beatson, E.V., Soldering and Brazing, In: Kempe’s Engineer’s
forming fillets but care needs appeared in The Journal of Year-Book, pp D6/1 - D6/11, Morgan-Grampian, London (1987).
to be taken when making the Society of Model and 14. Renner, Rebecca, Reaction to the Solution: Lead Exposure
capillary joints – the capillary Experimental Engineers. Following Partial Service Line Replacement, Environmental
action can pull in the liquid Health Perspectives, 2010 May; 118, (5): A202–A208.
phase, leaving more or less ●To be continued.

Club Diary 7 May - 19 June 2022

May 22 Bradford MES 29 York Model Engineers Contact: Ken Parker,
7 Cardiff Model Running Day, Northcliff Open Day. Contact: 07710 515507
Engineering Society Railway 13:30 – 16:00. Bob Polley: 01653 618324
Steam-up and Family Day, Contact: Russ Coppin, 11 York Model Engineers
Heath Park, Cardiff. 07815 048999 Evening Talk – 19:00.
www.cardiffmes.co.uk June Contact: Bob Polley:
22 North Wilts MES 1 Bradford MES 01653 618324
7 York Model Engineers Public Running, Coate Water Loco Competition 2022,
Evening Talk – 19:00. Contact: Country Park, Swindon 11:00 Northcliff Railway 19:30. 11/12 North Wilts MES
Bob Polley: 01653 618324 – 17:00. Contact: Ken Parker, Contact: Russ Coppin, Club Rally, Coate Water
07710 515507 07815 048999 Country Park, Swindon
8 North Wilts MES 11:00 – 17:00. Contact:
Public Running, Coate 22 Southport MEC 5 Cardiff Model Ken Parker, 07710 515507
Water Country Park, Swindon Diesel Day, Victoria Park 10:00 Engineering Society
11:00 – 17:00. Contact: – 16:00. Contact: Gwen Baguley, Public running, Heath Park, 18/19 Fareham and
Ken Parker, 07710 515507 gwenandderrick@yahoo.co.uk Cardiff 13:00 - 17 :00. District SME
www.cardiffmes.co.uk Sweet Pea Rally, Club
15 North Wilts MES 29 North Wilts MES Track 10:00 – 16:00.
Public Running, Coate Public Running, Coate Water 5 North Wilts MES Contact: sweet-pea-2022@
Water Country Park, Swindon Country Park, Swindon 11:00 Public Running, Coate fdsme.org.uk
11:00 – 17:00. Contact: Ken – 17:00. Contact: Ken Parker, Water Country Park,
Parker, 07710 515507 07710 515507 Swindon 11:00 – 17:00.

www.model-engineer.co.uk 649
 N
ow, after the vicissitudes
in the last issue, to 1
vLUD ~ move on, I have a new
smartphone so, revelling in

/d NEWS L~ my new computing power,

“Huawei we go”! This time
we start with the picture

N CLUB NE of Karoo, mentioned in

M.E.4688 (photo 1).

JB NEWS CL In this issue, crane

gears, a broken Hipps, a
source of fine hardwoods,

'S CLUB NF: cleaning small parts, coned

wheels, a jinxed locomotive,
unaccustomed exercise and a
Life Membership. Leon Kamffer’s Karoo at Centurion SME (photo courtesy of Hannes Paling).
Stamford Model Engineering
Society February Newsletter Bradford Model Engineering The Old Locomotive
opens with the information Society’s Monthly Bulletin, Committee’s Lionheart,
that Keith Holderness has March, in Road Vehicle spring, says that Dave
built a steam crane, making News, looks inward this time, Forest of Leyland MES has
Geoff everything himself except the regarding traction engines, completed his 5 inch gauge
Theasby gear wheels. Don’t stop there, steam wagons and rollers to Lion. It is his first model and
reports Keith, tell us how you did it! be expected at their annual it is beautifully finished.
on the latest news Editor Joe Dobson is trying to exhibition. President Jim The Engines & Mechanics’
from the Clubs. mend a Hipps electric clock. Jennings has a neat idea for Encyclopaedia reports on
Probably made in Germany cleaning small parts. Use a experiments to compare the
after WWII, the case is good tea infuser! friction of carriages, measured
but the movement is rubbish, W. www.bradfordmes.uk by using an inclined plane.
he says. Norwich & District Society John Brandrick writes a
Shoulder to Shoulder is the of Model Engineers’ e-Bulletin, detailed article on The Titfield
journal of the UK Men’s Sheds spring, brings an interesting Thunderbolt – a personal
Association, February, who revelation; coned wheels appreciation (2022 is the 70th
are to launch their Charter for railway vehicles are not anniversary of the eponymous
for Wellbeing in Craft & DIY, designed in to manufacture, film – Geoff)
come March. I feel that we nor are they deliberately W. www.lionlocomotive.org.uk
model engineers should be provided. Andrew Dow (ex- Sheffield Society of Model
part of this but we are rarely NRM) stated that the one and & Experimental Engineers
mentioned. Fareham Men’s only reason is because, when informs me that their Friday
Shed had an offer they could casting wheels, the taper of evening talks are available on
not refuse from Hampshire the coned section helps to YouTube.
Constabulary. In the process ease the removal of the pattern I visited Sheffield’s Kelham
of disposing of captured illegal from the mould. Not for self- Island museum in early
firearms, they are left with centering, or any other reason. March, ostensibly to see the
the wooden stocks, all quality Richard Gibbon’s (also ex- magnetron display, but found
hardwoods, and wondered if NRM) workshop is featured on several other changes since
the Shed could use the wood? YouTube, www.youtube.com/ I last darkened its towels so
Could they? Could they, would watch?v=UvD5eqjyFhU I stayed for three hours. On
they get some wood...? (Just W. www.ndsme.org leaving, instead of retracing
don’t mention 3D printing…) Reading Society of Model my steps, I ventured forth in
W. www.menssheds.org.uk Engineers’ The Prospectus, search of a tram to the Oxfam
March, explains the mystery bookshop, always rewarding,
of D326, an English Electric even if very light on technology
2 Type 4, in a piece by ’Wolverton books. This may indicate one
Pug’. This was the locomotive of two things; there is such
involved in the Great Train demand that books fly off
y Robbery of 1963. By that time the shelves, or there is no
The ma,
ron lntOil'!I'.. the engine had become rather demand therefore they are not
the size
ofrhe m.ag,,,r
‘jinxed’ being in other incidents promoted. Finding the tram
c.othoc!, in which people died. Upon took longer than estimated,
ipn ar<1
yoursu withdrawal, it was offered to since my unerring sense of
the NRM but the offer was direction led me entirely astray,
declined and it was hastily cut and by the time I found a tram,
up in 1984 at Doncaster, to I had exercised Shanks’ pony
avoid souvenir hunters. to excess. On ceasing my
Magnetron at Kelham Island. W. www.rsme quest for literary comestibles,

650 Model Engineer 6 May 2022

 CLUB NEWS

Sheffield defence artillery from Napoleonic times. HMS Benbow, a ‘pre Dreadnought’ of 1888 - armour plating and guns from Sheffield.

Merlin engine crankshaft. Sheffield’s magnet industry.

my unerring sense of direction which is now fitted to Ka971. British Columbia Society ‘Willow Tree’, assuming that
led me entirely the wrong W. www.hvmes.com of Model Engineers, The it hasn’t been renamed when
way as three trams passed Guildford Model Engineering Whistle, March-April, which next required.
me before I got to the next Society’s February Newsletter has now moved to bi-monthly W. www.rsme.org.uk
stop. I’m thinking of writing makes interesting reading. The publication, opens with the Northern Districts Model
a guide book to Sheffield, treasurer reports that GMES news that Kent Cavaghan Engineering Society (Perth)
via Rotherham, Barnsley and received £18,000 in lockdown has been honoured with a February Steam Lines has
Leeds. The magnetron display payments from Government life membership of BCSME Andrew Manning making a
was quite small, but had this funds. They came as grants in recognition of his valuable single-cylinder engine from the
fine example (photo 2) all so no repayment is required. work over the years. Editor Home Shop Machinist website,
clean and shiny to show the Income from white elephant Paul Ohannesian also says whilst Phil Hartley built a 9F
copper ‘active’ section. In WWII sales also exceeded forecasts, that each department will double blast pipe.
the allies were reluctant to use being from lathes, locomotives publish a report on its W. www.ndmes.org.au
the radar it facilitated because and tooling, and raised almost activities in every issue. And that’s yer lot! No more
it could not be destroyed by £6,000. Andrew Clayton used W. www.bcsme.org newsletters to review, so
any practical means that his civil engineering experience Ryedale Society of forward into the unknown, and
would keep its secrets secure. to lead a team building more Model Engineers’ February we’ll see what is on hand for
Sheffield’s interest is that it storage, releasing space newsletter says that two next time’s exciting episode.
was the centre of excellence elsewhere for productive members have featured on Finally, what is the difference
for magnet production and purposes. As for what some Radio York of late and at between a steampunk
research, needed to improve items are or from whence they least two young members are gearbox and a real one? In the
the device. came, I suggest it be named not active in NYMR. Editor Bill steampunk version the gears
Blast Pipe, March, from Hutt ‘Shed 21’ but ‘Area 21’. Roger Putman repainted the wall don’t do anything.
Valley & Maidstone Model Curtis studies the origins of the behind the clubhouse cooker,
Engineering Society, says that metre as a standard of length. following construction work,
their member Peter Targett Modern measurements claim but this incurred the wrath
made the front cover of that the standard as currently of the ‘Superintendant’ as it
M.E.4681, with his flat-four i/c defined is out by the thickness was the wrong shade. A new CONTACT
engine, Puma. Caleb Scott made of two sheets of paper. paint tester appears to be geofftheasby@gmail.com
a NZR Pyle National headlight, W. www.gmes.org.uk acceptable - for reference it is

www.model-engineer.co.uk 651
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Tools and Machinery reduction gearbox to suit Honda 3.5hp ■ Castings for McOnie’s engine, started
■ Model engineer’s workshop, lathe, engine, as new, £300. or part assembled but complete please.
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wheeled stand complete with handbook,
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 AND THE
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GOOD PROJECTS for the beginner and
the more experienced model engineer in
Gauges 1 to 7 1/4" Steam, IC & Electric
Gauge I:
The Project Book (Fifth Edition) • £17.05
Based on a LMS 4F 0-6-0, and an excellent beginne r's steam
-"'
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The DEE Book• £19.55

Full drawings an d instructions to bui ld a live steam model of
the lovely SE & CR 'D' Class 4-4-0 with either meths or butane
firing. For the more advanced modeller.

ARM I G • the other way round • £ I S.60

For the more advanced modeller, this is a mode l of a Wainwright 'H' class
0-4-4 tank locomotive of the S£ & CR. Twin inside cylinders and gas fired .
NB • loser cut and or/ler porn are ava,able {i'om 0U1er suppllm (or these designs

16mm Narrow Gauge and G Scales:

Peter Angus Locomotive Builder • £39.45
A large hardbound book givi ng you lots of instructions on how
to build smal l-scale live st eam locomotives, and lots of ideas,
hi nts and tips, plus a host of possible narrow gauge prototypes
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"Ellie" • £ I 5.69
A classic beginne r's model or a 'quickie' fo r a more experienced
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"Ephraim" • £22.40
A freelance live steam Shay fo r 45mm gauge, "Ephraim" is a
simple mod el to build, perhaps afte r you have bui lt "Ellie". As with " Ellie" the
wheels may be moved- in for a narrower gauge. Lasor cue pons available {i'om ourselves.

MODEL MAKING METALS 3 11zn, 5n & 7,14,, Gauges:

Building the Shay • £52.60
Building the New Shay • £52.60
1/32in. to 12in. dia. bright steel, stainless Building the Heisler • £ 52.60
Building the Climax• £52.60
steel, bronze, spring steel, brass, aluminium, Kozo Hiraoka's famed series on buildi ng all the three main types of
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Building the Clishay • £18.69

Fine materials, chain, plastic. How to build an early logging locomotive in 71/4" gauge. The CliShay has a vertical
Lathe milling machines and equipment, boiler, a vertical twin-cylinder engine unit and chain drive instead of gears, making it
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new and secondhand. The Pennsylvania Al Switcher• £52.60
Mail order nationwide and worldwide callers High quality hardbound vo lume with the complete set of drawings, and building
inst ructions for Kozo Hi raoka's only non geared locomotive design, a very attractive
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71/4" gauge versions.a ll coal fired. No castings required!
Send now for a FREE catalogue or phone The story of the "Scamp" • £8.69
Milton Keynes Metals, Dept. ME, The "Scamp" is a 71/4" gauge ride-on, narrow gauge oudine i/c loco
based on a 'Uster' prototype Usually built as a petrol-elecuic, this very
Ridge Hill Farm, Little Horwood Road, Nash, good value book, tells of the design's development, has a chapter on
how to bu ild one (but no plans) and much more. 42 A4 format pages.
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Tel: (01296) 713631 Fax: (01296) 713032 MOR£ DfTA/U of oil these books will be found on our website• address below
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 DREW EA TTS INVITING ENTRIES
EST. 1759
THE TRANSPORT SALE
1 NOVEMBER 2022

John Wilding MBE

FBHI, E. J. Tyler,
John G. Wright, Eric
Woof, John Tyler
and others.
SPRINGS
B~ARINGS - Dreweatts is pleased to announce the sale of t he final part (part 3) of
The Hewell and Tardebigge Railway Collection. The Collection includes
FRAMES this Exhibition standard s inch gauge model of a Great Western Railway
Class 4575 2-6-2 Prairie tank locomotive (Est. £3,000-5,000 + fees), as
MLS etc. well as fine locomotives, rakes of GWR coaches, private owners' wagons,
layout signals and many other items.

AUCTION LOCATION ENQUIRIES

Dreweatts Michael Matthews
Donnington Priory +44(0)7858 363064
Newbury mmatthews@dreweatts.com
Berkshire RG14 2.JE dreweatts.com

Catalogue, viewing times and free online bidding at dreweatts.com

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 Model Engineer Classified
Complete home THINKING OF SELLING YOUR
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COPPER BOILERS
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sales@meccanospares.com It’s never easy selling a workshop that has
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Please email photos to
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Or to discuss selling your workshop, please
call me on 07918 145419
All equipment considered: Myford, Warco, Chester, classic British brands etc
Polly steam locomotives also purchased, especially those needing a bit of ‘TLC’

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 - Engineer And Founders · Repairs To Mod~J
Purveyors Of Quality_ Steam Models · And Machinery·
q6

01455 22034
Castings & Drawings
The Economy home machining
for

May/June offer*
Cast iron flywheels Liner material
Cylinder bead Piston material
Base casting Rocker arm
Hopper casting Governor arm
Drawings in book form Bearing caps
In addition to the above parts
included in the offer are :-

Cam follower Brg Cut gears (3)

Crank guard casting Cam profile
Head gasket (2) Oil cups (2)
Spark plug Piston rings (3)
Transfers (2) Springs (6)
Timing plate profile Crank web profile (2)
Con rod profile Mag bow profile
Sample exploded
£495 ex works. ukpo t £16.50 view from drawings
en The model is based on a surviving example
·- C originally on display at the Brighton Enginerium
& patent documents.
This model is half size with a power cylinder
bore of 2". It is a ideal size that can be

-
~
L
0
+-
0
constructed with modest size machinery.
An ideal beginners model with easy to handle
parts and simple components.
April/June
~
to castings
C
0 3 Spinnings
Offer
Ill Cut tube
C
·-0
..c
6 linkage profiles

Some material
£4 35.OO•
Inc UK P&P
Flywheel 8" dia
Model 12 ½" long 1

1% ~
~
~ ~
Model T Ford ti ~'
p new wood cased trembler
~
~o.c
~- coils.
(;~
WWW.THEENGINEERSEMPORTIJM.COM INFO@THEE GINEERSEMPORIUM.CO.UK ME042!1P
 ~ Our Junior model takes its
inspiration from the well known
.0 ~
Lister Model A. The model
runs on the 4 stoke Otto cycle
~ using a glow plug for ignition

~
but can be converted to spark
ignition if desired.
8 Castings, brass & steel
(1) material pack inc. 3 profiles•

~ The drawings are supplied in a book format, each

component is printed on one A4 page, there are exploded
~ diagrams, section views and parts lists.
£279 .00 Ex works
Sup_plied as 8 raw iron castings, 2 pre cut gears,

The Otto some raw material, a glow plug and 3 profiles.

The Otto inverted D6 engine will build into an
impressive model approximately 266
mm tall with a 199 mm diameter cast
iron flywlieel. The drawings are in book
format with a single page per part, parts
lists and exploded diagrams with some
guidance notes.
April/May offer
Castings, drawings and 2 brass name
plates (usuall £49 .50)
Offer price £355 Ex works

Daintier 1885 Included are. :-

castings of major parts, steel profiles
Build this unusual engine that
to aid construction, brass tubes for
was there at the beginning of
carburettor / intake pipes and
the internal combustion drawings in book format with notes,
engined automobile. A single exploded diagrams parts lists and
cylinder petrol engine running individual drawings per part.
on the four stroke otto cycle.
Surface evaporation
carburettor and hot tube
ignition. Unique style cam
operated exhaust, automatic
£279.oo
Ex works
inlet valve & NO gears.

Catalogue available (free)

for over 20 designs.
Please .~!~e!s~ ~ order O14 55
ME-04212P WWW.THEE Gl EERSEMPORIUM.COM INFO@THEENGINEERSEMPORIUM.CO.UK
 POLLY MODEL ENGINEERING LIMITED ~,l".:.i
~ ~

Find uson 11

Polly Model Engineering's

Open Day
Saturday 21st May 2022 10.00am-4.00pm

Workshop open throughout the day

10% off all shop purchases made on the day (all bar
stock must be pre-ordered)

Polly locos steamed outside with 100ft of demonstration

track
Please call or email our office if you'd like to attend

FREE goodie bag on the day for any Polly loco kit orders
Limited blue badge holder parking spaces available in our yard, please do not
park on Birchwood Avenue or Berkley Avenue. There is a pay & display car park
at Long Eaton Railway station.

144 page Catalogue £2.50 UK £8 international posted (or download free I) and enquire for further details or visit our website
where you will find other Polly Locos, Kits, drawings and castings for scale models and comprehensive ME Supplies.
~ ~ Polly Model Engineering Limited www.pollymodelengineering.co.uk
Atlas Mills, Birchwood Avenue, Tel: +44 115 9736700
~ ~ Long Eaton, Nottingham,
NGlO 3ND, United Kingdom email:sales@pollymodelengineering.co.uk