1.

Use the conjugate-beam method and determine the displacement at C and the
slope at A, B and C. EI is constant.

M diagram of real beam: Conjugate beam:

M0/EI

B C

L L

M0 M0 1 M0
M0
L
L EI
2 EI
MC’
A B C
A 2L/3 L/3 B B L/2 L/2 C
Ay’ By’ By’ Cy’

Segment AB:

1 M0 2 M0L
∑M '
A = By' ⋅ L −
2 EI
L⋅ L = 0
3
Thus, By' =
3EI

1 M0 M L
∑F y
'
=0 Ay' +
2 EI
L=
By' Thus, Ay' = − 0
6 EI

Segment BC:

M0 4M 0 L
∑F y
'
=0 By' +
EI
L=
C y' Thus, C y =
'

3EI
M0 L 5M 0 L2
∑ M C' = 0 M C' −
EI
L ⋅ − By' ⋅ L =
2
0 Thus, M C' =
6 EI
M0L M0L 4M 0 L
Therefore, the slopes at A, B and C: θ A = Ay' = − , θ=
B B=
'
y , θ=
C C=
'
y
6 EI 3EI 3EI
5M 0 L2
The displacement at C: ∆=
c M C=
'

6 EI
 2. Use the conjugate-beam method and determine the slope at B and the
displacement at C. EI is constant.

M diagram of real beam: Conjugate beam:

3Pa
Pa 2 EI Pa
EI EI

A B
C
a a a a

Pa 2 Pa 2
Pa 2
A C B 2
4 EI 4 EI Pa 2
Pa EI EI Pa 2
2 EI 2 EI
MC’ MC’
Pa
C C B
Pa A
3 2a/3 5a/6 a/3 a/3 5a/6 2a/3
Pa
2 a/6 a/6
Cy’ Cy’ By’
7 Pa 2
4 EI

Segment AC:

Pa 2 Pa 2 Pa 2 7 Pa 2
∑F y
'
=0 C + '
y + +
2 EI EI 4 EI
=
4 EI
Thus, C y' = 0

Pa 2 4 Pa 2 1 Pa 2 1 7 Pa 2 9 Pa 3
∑ M C' = 0 M C' + ⋅ a+
2 EI 3 EI 2
⋅ a+ ⋅ a=
4 EI 3 4 EI
⋅ 2a Thus, M C' =
4 EI
Segment CB:

Pa 2 Pa 2 Pa 2 7 Pa 2
∑ Fy' = 0 By' + + +
2 EI EI 4 EI
C y' Thus, By' = −
=
4 EI

7 Pa 2
Therefore, the slope at B: θ B = B = −
'
y
4 EI

9 Pa 3
The displacement at C: ∆=
c M C=
'

4 EI
 3. Use the conjugate-beam method and determine the slope and the displacement

at the end C of the beam. E = 200GPa , =

I 70 ×106 mm 4 .

M diagram of real beam: Conjugate beam: 12

6 EI
EI

A C
B

3m 1m 2m 3m
12kN ⋅ m
12
EI 18
9 3 EI
A EI EI
B C MC’
B
6kN ⋅ m
A 2m 4
3
m 2m 2
3
m B C
Ay’ By’ By’ Cy’

Segment AB:

9 3 4 12 4 6
∑M '
A = By' ⋅ 6 +
EI
⋅2+
EI
⋅ (2 + ) −
3 EI
⋅ (2 + + 2) = 0
3
Thus, By' =
EI

Segment BC:

18 24
∑F y
'
=0 By' +
EI
= C y' Thus, C y' =
EI
18 54
∑M '
C =0 M C' = By' ⋅ 3 +
EI
⋅ 2 Thus, M C' =
EI

24(103 )
Therefore, the slope at C: θ= C=
'
= 0.00171 (rad)
200(109 ) ⋅ 70 ×106 (10−12 )
C y

54(103 )
The displacement at C: ∆= M C=
'
= 0.003857(m=
) 3.86(mm)
200(109 ) ⋅ 70 ×106 (10−12 )
c
 4. Use the conjugate-beam method and determine the slope and deflection at C.
Assume A is a pin and B is a roller. EI is constant.

M diagram of real beam: Conjugate beam:

300
EI
60kN

A C
10m 5m B

20kN 10m 5m
40kN

1500
EI 750
300kN ⋅ m EI

MC’

A B C 6.67m 3.33m 1.67m 3.33m

Ay’ By’ By’ Cy’

Segment AB:

1500 1000
∑M '
A = By' ⋅10 −
EI
⋅ 6.67 = 0 Thus, By' =
EI

Segment BC:

750 1750
∑F y
'
=0 By' +
EI
= C y' Thus, C y' =
EI
750 7500
∑M '
C =0 M C' = By' ⋅ 5 +
EI
⋅ 3.33 Thus, M C' =
EI

1750(kN ⋅ m 2 )
Therefore, the slope at C: θ= C= '
C y
EI

7500(kN ⋅ m3 )
The displacement at C: ∆=
c M C=
'

EI
 5. Use the conjugate-beam method and determine the slope and deflection at C.

E = 200GPa=
, I 400 ×106 mm 4 .

Conjugate beam:
M diagram of real beam:
135
EI 30
27kN
EI
105kN ⋅ m 30kN ⋅ m

A B C
5m 5m

5m 5m
27kN

675
2EI
105kN ⋅ m 300
EI
MC’

B C A C
A 1.67m 3.33m 5m
30kN ⋅ m
Cy’

Segment AC:

300 675 37.5

∑F y
'
=0 C y' + = Thus, C y' =
EI 2 EI EI

300 675 1312.5

∑M '
C =0 M C' +
EI
⋅=
5
2 EI
⋅ (5 + 3.33) Thus, M C' =
EI

37.5(103 )
Therefore, the slope at C: θ= C=
'
= 0.000469 rad
200(109 ) ⋅ 400 ×106 (10−12 )
C y

1312.5(103 )
The displacement at C: ∆= M= = 0.01641(m=
'
) 16.41(mm)
200(109 ) ⋅ 400 ×106 (10−12 )
c C
 6. Use the conjugate-beam method and determine the displacement at A. Assume

B is a roller. E = 200GPa , =
I 80 ×106 mm 4 .

M diagram of real beam: Conjugate beam:

9
EI

A C
B
6m 6m

36
EI
MA’

A B C
A 6m B B 3m 3m C
9kN ⋅ m
Ay’ By’ By’ Cy’

Segment BC:

36 18
∑M '
C =0 By' ⋅ 6=
EI
⋅ 3 Thus, By' =
EI

Segment AB:

18
∑F y
'
=0 A=
'
y B=
'
y
EI

108
∑M '
A =0 M A' + By' ⋅ 6 =0 Thus, M A' = −
EI

Therefore, the displacement at A:

−108(103 )
∆ A =M A' = =−0.00675(m) =−6.75(mm)
200(109 ) ⋅ 80 ×106 (10−12 )
7. Use the conjugate-beam method and determine the slope at C and the
displacement at B. EI is constant.

wa 3
The slope at C: θC =
EI

41wa 4
The displacement at B: ∆B =
24 EI

8. Use the conjugate-beam method and determine the displacement at D and the
slope at C. Assume A is a fixed support and C is a roller. EI is constant.

2 PL2
The slope at C: θC =
3EI

PL3
The displacement at D: DD =
EI
 9. Use the conjugate-beam method and determine the slope just to the left and
just to the right of the pin at B. Also, determine the deflection at D. Assume
the beam is fixed supported at A, and that C is a roller. EI is constant.

12.5(kN ⋅ m 2 )
The slope just to the left of the pin at B: θ BL = −
EI

4.17(kN ⋅ m 2 )
The slope just to the right of the pin at B: θ BR =
EI

146(kN ⋅ m3 )
The deflection at D: D D =
EI
10. Solve the following problem using the conjugate-beam method:
MA

(1) Evaluation of the expression of the curvature

Free-body diagram:

Equivalent free-body diagrams (the redundant moment MB at B is released and

calculated from campatibility):

Simply-supported beam resisting external loads

Reaction:

Internal moment:

Simply-supported beam resisting the end moment at B

Reaction:

Internal moment:

Real beam

The bending moment and curvature diagrams for the real beam are obtained
superimposing the moment distributions calculated for the simply-supported
beams subjected to the external load and to the moment applied at B.
Bending moment diagrams of real beam:

Curvature diagrams of real beam:

(2) Conjugate beam:

MA
EI

MB
EI

(3) Calculations of the reaction of the conjugate beam and the redundant action of
the real beam:

Taking moments about A in the conjugate beam:

MA 1 1 M 1 2
∑M c
A = 0: × L× L + B × L× L =
EI 2 3 EI 2 3
0

1
∴ MB = − MA
2

Enforcing vertical equilibrium to the entire conjugate beam:

MA 1 M 1
∑F y
c
= 0 : VAc = × L+ B × L
EI 2 EI 2

1 M AL
∴ VAc =
4 EI
(4) From statics, the shear force at A of the conjugate beam can be calculated as:

1 M AL
S Ac =
4 EI

from which it is possible to determine and the rotation at A of the real beam:

1 M AL
θ=
A S=
c
A
4 EI

Calculations of the reaction of the real beam:

Taking moments about A:

∑M A = 0 : M B + VB × L − M A =0

3M A
∴ VB =
2L

Enforcing vertical equilibrium to the entire beam:

∑F y = 0 : VB + VA =
0

3M A
∴ VA = −
2L
11. For the beam shown, determine the reactions at A, B and C using the
conjugate-beam method and draw the shear force and bending moment
diagrams. Assume EI is constant.

(1) Evaluation of the expression of the curvature

Free-body diagram:

Equivalent free-body diagrams (the redundant moment MA at A and the redundant

vertical reaction VC at C are released and determined from campatibility):

Simply-supported beam resisting external loads

Reactions:

Internal moment:

Simply-supported beam resisting the end moment at A

Reactions:

Internal moment:
Simply-supported beam resisting the end moment at C

Reactions:

Internal moment:

Real beam

The bending moment and curvature diagrams for the real beam are obtained
superimposing the moment distributions calculated for the simply-supported
beams subjected to the external loads, to the moment applied at A and to the
concentrated force applied at C.

Bending moment diagrams of real beam:

MA

Curvature diagrams of real beam:

MA/EI
(2) Conjugate beam:

MA/EI

10VC/EI

187.5/EI

(3) Calculations of the reaction of the conjugate beam and the redundant actions
of the real beam by enforcing equilibrium of the conjugate beam:

Taking moments about B to the free-body BC of the conjugate beam:

10VC 10 10
∑M c
B = 0 : VCc × 10=
EI
× ×
2 3

50VC
∴ VCc =
3EI

Taking moments about C for the entire conjugate beam:

∑M c
C =0:

M A 10 2 10VC 10 2 10VC 10 1
× × (10 + ×10)= × × ×10 + × × (10 + ×10)
EI 2 3 EI 2 3 EI 2 3
187.5 2
+ × ×10
EI 3

∴ M A − 12VC − 225 =
0 (Eq.1)

Enforcing vertical equilibrium to the entire conjugate beam:

M A 10 10VC 10 187.5 2
∑F y
c
=0: × + VCc =2 ×
EI 2 EI
× +
2 EI
× ×10
3
∴ M A − 16.67VC − 250 =
0 (Eq.2)

Solving Eq. 1 and 2:

=
∴ M A 160.7 kN ⋅ m ; VC = −5.36kN

Calculations of the reaction of the real beam:

Taking moments about A:

∑M A = 0 : M A + VB ×10 + VC × 20 = 15 ×10 ×10 / 2

∴ VB = 69.65kN

Enforcing vertical equilibrium to the entire beam:

∑F y = 0 : VA + VB + VC =15 ×10

∴ VA = 85.71kN