Design and Detailing

6. Design and Detailing

6.1 Design of Slab:
Slab are plate elements forming floors and roof of a building and carrying distributed load
primarily by flexure. A slab may be supported by beams or wall and may be used as the
flange of a T or L beam. Moreover, a slab may be simply supported or continuous over one
or more supports and classified accordingly.

(a) One-way slab spanning in one direction – Length is more than twice the
breadth.
(b) Two-way slab spanning on both direction
(c) Circular slabs
(d) Flat slabs (Resting directly on column)
(e) Grid floor and Ribbed slab
Slab are designed using same theories of beam i.e. theories of bending and shear.
Following are the method that can be used for analysis of slab:

(a) Elastic analysis (Idealization on strip as Beam)

(b) Semi empirical coefficients (As given in Code)
(c) Yield line theory

Reinforcement provided is least in slab among three structural members: slab, beam and
column. A slab can be distinguished from a beam as follows:

(a) Minimum span of slab should not be less than four times the overall depth and slab
are much thinner than beam. Slab are analyzed and designed as having unit width
i.e. 1 m
(b) Compressional reinforcement is used only in exceptional case
(c) Shear stress is very low in slab hence shear reinforcement is not provided. If
needed, depth is increased rather than providing shear reinforcement.
The slab selected to show detailed design is a slab with maximum live load intensity (i.e.
4kN/m2) and longest short span. Details of the slab and supporting beams are given below:

Depth of the beam = 610 mm

Width of the beam = 300 mm

Assumed overall depth of slab = 125 mm

Clear dimensions of the selected Slab panel: Lx = 5.592 m, Ly = 5.389 m

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 Design and Detailing

Unit weight of concrete (Ƴ):25 KN/m Grade of Steel: Fe500

Grade of Concrete: M25

Reference Step Calculations Output

Slab ID 1. Thickness of slab and durability consideration

A1A2B1B2 Clear Spans
Shorter span, Lx=2.646m
Longer span, Ly=5.389m
Total depth of slab, D= 125mm
Provide, d =100mm
Assuming clear span cover=20 mm
Providing 10 mm Ø bar D=125 mm
d = 125-20-10/2=100mm

2. Effective length
For continuous slab
Width of support =0.300 m
From
the effective span is minimum of
(1) Clear span + effective depth of span
(2) Center to center distance
IS:456- ly=min of (5.389+0.1or 5.689)
2000 =5.489m lx=2746 mm
cl.22.2(b) lx= min of (2.646+0.1or 3.245)
=2.746m ly=5489 mm
Since ly /lx = k
= 1.998<=2(Ok)
IS:456- (Hence, Design as Two Way Slab)
2000
cl 22.2(a) 3. Design Load
Self-load of slab =ϒ*D =25*0.125= 3.125KN/m2
Finishing load = Screed load + Marble load
+ ceiling plaster
= 1.4025KN/m2
Partition wall load = 1 KN/m2
Dead load = 3.125 + 1.4025 + 1 = 5.528 KN/m2
Live load = 4.0 KN/m2
Design load, w = 1.5(DL+LL) = 14.291KN/m2
Considering unit width of slab, w= 14.291 KN/m

4.

Moment Calculation
-ve Bending moment coefficient at continuous edge
For αx,
Ly/Lxαx
1.75 0.060
IS 456- 1.998
2000 2 0.065
Table 26 From interpolation,
αx=0.065 , αy= 0.032

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 Design and Detailing

+ve Bending moment coefficient at mid span

For αx,
Ly/Lxαx
1.75 0.045
1.998 ?
2 0.049
From interpolation,
αx= 0.049, αy= 0.024
For Short Span
Support moment, Ms = - αxwl 2=-0.0657x 14.291
x
x2.7462=-7.004KNm
Mid span moment, Mmid= αxwl 2= 0.049x 14.291
x
x2.7462=5.280KN-m
5. For Long Span
Support moment, Ms = - αywl 2 = -0.0327x 14.291
x
x2.7462= -3.4483KN-m d=57.56mm<
Mid span moment, Mmid= αywl 2 =0.024 x 14.291 x
x 95mm
IS 456- 2.7462=2.586KN-m
2000
Annex 6. Check for depth from Moment Consideration
D.1.1 Depth of Slab, d = Min Ast =
6
M max 7.004 x10 156mm2
= = 45.725mm
0.134 fck x b 0.134 x25 x1000

IS 456- Calculation of Area of Steel

2000 Min Ast= 0.12 % of b*D = 0.12x1000 x125 =150mm2
Annex
G.1.1.c Area of Steel along short span

Area of Steel along short span at support (Top

Bars) 10mm Ø@
fck 4.6 M u
(Ast)x = 0.5 (1  1  )bd 200mm c/c
IS 456- fy fck bd 2
2000 Act. Ast
= 0.5 x 25 (1  1  4.6 x 11.467 x 10 ) x 1000 x 95
6
cl.26.5.2.1 =392.8mm2
500 25 x 1000 x 95
2

= 296.07 mm2>Min Ast

Therefore(Ast)x- =296.07mm2
IS 456- Providing 10 mm Ø bars
2000 Ab = 78.53mm2
Annex Ab 78.53
Spacing of Bars, Sv = x1000 = x1000 =
G.1.1.b
Ast 296.07
265.27mm 3𝑑 = 3 ∗ 95 = 285𝑚𝑚
Spacing of Bars ≤ {
300𝑚𝑚
Provide 10 mm Ø @200 mm c/c
A 78.565 2 10mm Ø@
Actual ,Ast = b x1000 = x1000 = 392.8 mm 220mm c/c
Sv 200
pt =0.321% Act. Ast
=356.95mm2
Area of Steel at mid span (Bottom Bars)

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 Design and Detailing

fck 4.6 M u
(Ast) + = 0.5 (1  1  )bd
x
fy fck bd 2

25 4.6 x 8.721x106
= 0.5 x (1 1 ) x 1000 x 95
500 25 x1000x 952
= 221.46mm2>Min Ast
Therefore(Ast) - =
221.4mm2 x
Providing 10 mm Ø
IS 456- bars Ab = 78.53 mm2
2000 Ab 78.53
Spacing of Bars, Sv = x1000 = x1000 =
Annex Ast 221.4
G.1.1.b 354,59mm 3𝑑 = 3 ∗ 95 = 285𝑚𝑚
Spacing of Bars ≤ {
300𝑚𝑚
Provide 10 mm Ø @ 220 mm c/c
A 78.53 2
Actual ,Ast = b x1000 = x1000 = 356.95 mm
Sv 220
pt =0.274% 8mm Ø@
200mm c/c
Area of Steel Along Long Span at support
f 4.6 M u Act. Ast
(Ast) -= 0.5 ck (1  1  )bd
y
fy
=251.32mm2
fck bd 2

25 4.6 x 6.074x106
= 0.5 x (1 1 ) x 1000 x 95
500 25 x1000x 952
=151.91< Min Ast
Therefore(Ast) - = 156 mm2
x
Providing 8 mm Ø
bars Ab = 50.26mm2
Ab 50.26
IS 456- Spacing of Bars, Sv = x1000 = x1000 =
2000 Ast 156
Annex 322.21mm
G.1.1.b 3𝑑 = 3 ∗ 95 = 285𝑚𝑚
Spacing of Bars ≤ {
300𝑚𝑚
Provide 8 mm Ø @ 200 mm c/c
A 50.265 2
Actual ,Ast = b x1000 = x1000 = 251.32 mm
Sv 200 8mm Ø@
pt =0.191% 200mm c/c

Area of Steel at Mid Span (Bottom Bars) Act. Ast

f 4.6 M u
(Ast) + = 0.5 ck (1  1  )bd =251.32mm2
y
fy fck bd 2
25 4.6 x 4.5x106
= 0.5 x (1 1 ) x 1000 x 95
500 25 x1000x 952
= 111.56mm2< Min Ast
Therefore(Ast) - = 156
mm2
IS 456- x

2000 Providing 8 mm Ø
bars Ab = 50.265 mm2

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 Design and Detailing

Annex 7. A
G.1.1.b Spacing of Bars, Sv
= b x1000 = 50.265 x1000 =
156
Ast
322.17mm
Spacing of Bars {3𝑑 = 3 ∗ 95 = 285𝑚𝑚
≤ 300𝑚𝑚
Provide 8 mm Ø @ 200 mm c/c
A 50.265 2
Actual ,Ast = b x1000 = x1000 = 251.3 mm
Sv 200
pt =0.193%

Check for Shear

For x-direction i.e. short span
Shear force at the face of the support, V
= Vu = 17.840 KN
wlx
=12.6258 x 3.015=19.042kN
2 2
Shear at critical
section c = 0.402
19.042 KN N/mm2
17.840KN

Hence, Safe

IS 456-
2000 d=0.95 m
cl.41.2 1.5075m

8. 19.042 Vu
1.5075 = 1.5075  0.095
Vu = 17.840KN
Here, tension reinforcement of slab contribute
in shear
For pt = 0.321 %

 c = 0.402 N/mm2

k  c bd = 1.3 x 0.319 x1000 x 95 = 49.691kN >

Vu
1000
IS 456-
2000 Check for Deflection dper<dprovided
Table 19 Hence Safe
Along short Span lx
cl.40.2 Maximum deflection ( ) ≤ α*β*γ*δ*ϕ
d
We have
α = 23 for one end continuous and another end
9. simply supported.
β=γ=ϕ=
1 Now, for δ
areaofcross–sectionofsteelrequire
fs = 0.58 * fyareaofcross–sectionofsteelprovided
*
296
= 0.58 * 500*
392.8
= 216.737 N/mm2
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 Design and Detailing

Then, from fig 4,

Modification factor (δ) =
1.7

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 Design and Detailing

Therefore, allowable deflection = α*β*γ*δ*ϕ

= 23*1*1*1*2
= 39.1 >(lx)= 31.75
d
IS 456- Check for Development Length
2000  s  x 0.87 x 500
cl.23.2.1 L= = = 48.549
1.6 x 4 x  bd 1.6 x 4 x 1.4
IS 456- Ld = 388.392mm
Ld = 48.549*10 = 485.493mm
2000 M1
Fig: 4 L  1.3 +L
d o
V
For Short Span
𝟑𝟗𝟐.𝟖
(Ast )x+= =196.6145mm2
𝟐
𝒇𝒚∗𝑨𝒔𝒕
M1 = 0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1- )
𝒃∗𝒅∗𝒇𝒄𝒌
= 7.75 KN-m
IS 456-
2000 M1
cl.26.2.1 1.3 +L
o
V
=1.3(7.75*103 /19.042)+95=619.08>485.49 mm(ok)

For Long Span

𝟐𝟖𝟕.𝟐𝟐𝟗
(Ast )y+= =188.495mm2
𝟐
10. 𝒇𝒚∗𝑨𝒔𝒕
M1 = 0.87*fy*Ast*d*(1- )
𝒃∗𝒅∗𝒇𝒄𝒌
= 7.005 KN-m

M1
1.3 +L
o
V
=1.3(7.005*103 /19.042)+95=573.71>485.49 mm(ok)

Reinforcement Torsion
= 0.75 * area required for the maximum mid
span moment in slab (for discontinuous slab)
= 0.5 * 0.75 * area required for the maximum
mid span moment in slab (for slab with two edge
discontinuous) 4-8bars
Hence, for the slab with one edge continuous and @200mm C/C
one discontinuous edge:
Torsional reinforcement = 0.5 * 0.75 * Astx(+ve)
= 0.5 * 0.75 *221.229
=92.711mm² < Astmin
Provide Astmin =156mm2
Spacing of torsion bar = 4 ∗156
3
= 208mm lx
Length of torsional reinforcement(Lt) =
5
3048
IS 456- = 5
2000 = 609.6 mm
Number of bars (Nt)=609.6/208+1=3.92

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 Design and Detailing

ANNEX Provide 4 numbers of 8 mm bars @ 200 mm c/c

D.1.8 in two layers on two adjacent discontinuous
ANNEX corners.
D.1.9
Curtailment of Reinforcement and Detailing
Curtailment is done by as per simplified method
and detailing is done as per Indian Standard
Code IS
SP 34