Selection Procedure

Element Torque Calculations

General
Technical Section Y of the catalog contains use- The elements have an inherent parasitic pres- pc = CS • n2
ful information pertaining to the selection, sure pp required to cause friction shoe contact
mounting, alignment and control of clutches with its drum which represents the pressure to where pc= compensating pressure (psi or bar)
and brakes in general. Formulas, symbols and overcome resiliency of the actuating tube and,
units are also identified. It is recommended that for the VC elements, the pressure to overcome Cs= speed constant obtained from element cat-
Section Y be reviewed before attempting to size friction shoe release springs. Parasitic pres- alog page (psi/rpm2 or bar/rpm2)
a specific product for an application. sures are given in the following table and must
be deducted from the operating pressure. n= element rpm
Element Torque Adjustment
The catalog element torque ratings Mr are Parasitic Pressure pp
based upon an effective pressure pr of 75 psi English SI Adjusted element torque Me is then calculated
Size
(5,2 bar). Torque ratings must be adjusted for psi bar from:
operating pressure po, parasitic loss pp and op- 3CB 20 1,38
erating speed n. 4 and 5CB 15 1,03 po - pp - pc
Me = · Mr
6 and 8CB 5 0,34 pr
Maximum allowable operating pressure is de- 10 thru 45CB 2 0,14
pendent upon element construction and fre- All CM’s 5 0,34
quency of engagement. In general, the All VC’s 4 0,28
pressures listed in the following table should not The adjusted element torque Me must then be
be exceeded. equal to or greater than the required clutch torque
A rotating element must have its torque rating Mc or brake torque Mb.
adjusted to compensate for the centrifugal force
Maximum Allowable acting on its friction shoes. The method used is Examples 1, 2 & 3 at the end of this section illus-
Pressure to calculate a compensating pressure pc and
English SI trates the use of the above formulas.
Model deduct its value from the operating pressure.
psi bar
CB 110 7,6
CM 150 10,3
VC 125 8,6

Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved. B - 92

 Selection Procedure
Thermal Capacities

Non-Cyclic Thermal Capacities

Continuous Thermal Capacity (Gray iron drums)
Constricting elements are generally not recom-
mended for continuous slip applications. This
type of application is best handled by the ex-
panding, caliper and water-cooled product lines VC Elements
(see Sections C, H and I).

Non-Cyclic Thermal Capacity CM Elements

Non-cyclic thermal capacity is determined by the

element’s friction area, drum mass, heat capac-
ity and thermal conductivity. The properties of CB Elements

Wt/A (ft⋅lb/in2)
our standard gray iron drums result in the limits
indicated in the Non-Cyclic Energy Capacity
Graph. An explanation on the use of this graph
follows.

The thermal energy calculated for the load is ad-

justed to include the energy associated with ac-
celerating or decelerating the components of the
tentative clutch and/or brake selection. The ad-
justed thermal energy Wt is divided by the ele-
ment’s friction area A. Next, the average power
loading Pave is calculated from:

Pt
Pave =
A

The point (Wt/A, Pave) is plotted on the graph. If Pave (HP/in2)

the point falls below the appropriate product limit
line, the selection will handle the thermal load. If
it does not, an element having a greater friction
area is required. VC Elements

Example 4 at the end of this section illustrates

the use of the graph.
CM Elements

CB Elements
Wt/A (Joule/cm2)

Pave (kW/cm2)

B - 93 Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved.

 Selection Procedure
Thermal Capacities

Cyclic Thermal Capacity

The cyclic thermal capacity of a clutch or brake obtained from these graphs must be multiplied Arrangement Factors Kt
is dependent upon the design and arrangement by the appropriate arrangement factor Kt given in Arrangement Single Dual
Element Element
of the mounting components and their operating the table.
Spider 1.0 1.6
speed. Components with the smaller inertias
Ventilated Adapter 1.67 2.67
should be mounted on the shaft which is started Brake 0.5 0.8
and/or stopped with each cycle. Protective Pc = Pg · Kt
guards should be designed to assure adequate
air circulation.

Cyclic thermal capacities Pc for CB and VC ele-

ments are determined from the following graphs. The element’s cyclic thermal capacity Pc must
CM elements are not recommended for cyclic be greater than or equal to the thermal power re-
duty because the thermal requirement can be quirement.
handled more efficiently by a smaller diameter
VC element. The capacities are for applications Example 5 at the end of this section illustrates
having the drum and hub on the driven side of the use of these graphs.
the installation. Elements should have the maxi-
mum number of tube inlets. The capacities Pg

8CB250

Pg (kW)
Pg (HP)

6CB200

5CB200

4CB200

3CB150

rpm

Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved. B - 94

 Selection Procedure
Thermal Capacities

18CB500

16CB500

14CB400

Pg (kW)
Pg (HP)

12CB350

10CB300

rpm

28CB525
26CB525

24CB500
22CB500

20CB500
Pg (HP)

Pg (kW)

rpm

B - 95 Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved.

 Selection Procedure
Thermal Capacities

45CB525

40CB525
36CB525
32CB525

30CB525
Pg (HP)

Pg (kW)
rpm

20VC600

16VC600
Pg (HP)

14VC500
Pg (kW)

11.5VC500

rpm

Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved. B - 96

 Selection Procedure
Thermal Capacities

42VC650

37 VC650

33VC650

28VC650

Pg (kW)
Pg (HP)

24VC650

rpm

24VC1000

20VC1000
Pg (HP)

Pg (kW)

16VC1000

14VC1000

rpm
B - 97 Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved.
 Selection Procedure
Thermal Capacities

42VC1200

38VC1200

32VC1000
Pg (HP)

Pg (kW)
28VC1000

rpm

66VC1600

60VC1600

51 VC1600

52VC1200
Pg (HP)

Pg (kW)

46VC1200

rpm
Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved. B - 98
 Selection Procedure
Component Velocities and Selection Methods

Component Peripheral Velocities Analytical Method Service Factor Selection Method

Component velocities must be below the values The steps to follow are: Obtain the service factor SF from the Service
given in the table. In some applications, compo- Factor Table given in Section Y. If the machine or
nents may be required to freewheel at speeds 1. Determine the torque requirement. equipment is not listed use the service factor for
much faster than their engaged running speeds. a machine which performs a similar function.
This must be taken into consideration when cal- 2. Determine the thermal requirement. Multiply the prime mover power Pp by the ser-
culating their velocities. Velocities are calculated vice factor to obtain the design power PD.
by: 3. Determine the mounting arrangement,
mounting space and shaft diameters. PD = Pp · SF
v (fpm) = 0.262·n·D
4. Make a tentative selection from steps 1,2 For clutch applications operating at 75 psi (5,2
v (mps) = 5,236E-05·n·D and 3. bar), use the design power graphs to select an
element which has the design power capacity at
where D = outside diameter of component (in 5. Adjust the torque rating of the tentative se- the element’s operating speed. These graphs are
or mm). for single clutch elements. Dual clutch elements
lection to reflect the operating pressure and
speed and determine if it still meets the re- have twice the capacity shown.
quirement.
For clutch applications operating at other pres-
Maximum Peripheral Speed 6. Adjust the thermal requirement to include sures, or for stationary brake elements the ser-
Component fpm mps the energy of the clutch and/or brake com- vice factor is applied to the prime mover’s
Spider 8500 43 ponents which are accelerated or torque Mp referred to the clutch or brake shaft.
Drum 8500 43 decelerated and determine if it is within the
Hub 8500 43 tentative selection’s capacity. The required clutch torque Mc or the required
Ventilated Adapter 6500 33 brake torque Mb is used to make a tentative ele-
7. Check drum and spider peripheral veloci- ment selection. The element torque rating Mr is
Selection Method ties to determine if they are within the adjusted for operating speed and pressure as
components operational limits given in the explained earlier. The adjusted element torque
Two selection procedures are discussed in Sec- table. Me, must be equal to or greater than Mc or Mb.
tion Y. The analytical method results in an opti-
mum selection for the drive whereas the service Refer to catalog Sections X and Y to determine
factor method may result in an under or over- the requirements for Step 1 and 2. Step 3 re-
sized unit. Whenever possible, the analytical quires some measurements be made to ensure
method should be used. The procedure to follow the arrangement does not interfere with the sur-
for constricting products is discussed below fol- roundings. If the tentative selection does not
lowed by the service factor procedure. meet the requirements of Step 5, 6 and 7, a
larger element or a smaller dual element should
Procedures for specialized machines or equip- be considered. Steps 4 thru 7 should then be re-
ment used in particular industries are given in peated for the new selection. If the new selec-
Section X. tion still does not meet the requirements of
steps 5 and 6, a different product line should be
considered. If the selection does not meet the
requirements of Step 7, it may be possible to
fabricate the components of other materials
which can withstand the stresses associated
with fast operating speeds.

B - 99 Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved.

 Selection Procedure
Power Capacities

8CB250

PD (kW)
PD (HP)

6CB200

5CB200

4CB200

3CB150

rpm

18CB500

16CB50

PD (kW)
PD (HP)

14CB400

12CB350

10CB300

rpm

Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved. B - 100

 Selection Procedure
Power Capacities

28CB525

26CB525

24CB500

22CB500

PD (kW)
PD (HP)

20CB500

rpm

45CB525

40CB525

36CB525

32CB525 PD (kW)
PD (HP)

30CB52

rpm
B - 101 Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved.
 Selection Procedure
Power Capacities

20VC600

16VC600
PD (HP)

PD (kW)
14VC500

11.5VC50

rpm

42VC650

37VC650

33VC650

28VC650
PD (kW)
PD (HP)

24VC65

rpm

Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved. B - 102

 Selection Procedure
Power Capacities

24VC1000

20VC1000

PD (kW)
PD (HP)

16VC1000

14VC1000

rpm

42VC1200

38VC1200

PD (kW)
PD (HP)

32VC1000

28VC1000

rpm
B - 103 Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved.
 Selection Procedure
Power Capacities

66VC1600

60VC1600

51VC1600
PD (HP)

PD (kW)
52VC1200

46VC1200

rpm

48CM650

40CM550
PD (HP)

PD (kW)
35CM500

30CM500

26CM475

rpm

Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved. B - 104

 Selection Procedure
Examples

Example 1 Example 4
Determine the dynamic torque of a 16CB500 element rotating at 1000 A 20VC600 element is tentatively selected to accelerate a load up to
rpm with an applied pressure of 100 psi (6,9 bar). operating speed in 5 seconds. The thermal energy which must be ab-
sorbed is 1.7 E+06 ft.lb (2,3 E+06 J). Will the 20VC600 element
po − pp − pc handle the thermal load?
Me = · Mr
75
. E + 06
Wt 17 ft ⋅ lb
= = 4500 2
pp = 2 psi A 380 in

pc = Cs · n2 Wt . E + 06
17
Pt = = = 618 HP
550 ⋅ t 550 ⋅ 5
= 20 · E -06 · 10002 = 20 psi
Pt 618
100 − 2 − 20 Pave = =
Me = · 35200 A 380
75
HP
= 1.63
= 36600 lb·in in2

The point (Wt /A, Pave) falls outside of the VC line on the non-cyclic
energy capacity chart. Therefore, the 20VC600 element is not capable
Example 2 of handling the thermal load. Either a larger diameter single element or
a smaller diameter dual element having greater friction lining area is
What minimum pressure should be applied to a 12CB350 element ro- required.
tating at 1200 rpm in order to transmit a dynamic torque of 10000
lb⋅in The 24VC1000 element
(1130 N•m)?
 Wt ft ⋅ lb HP 
Me =
po − pp − pc
· Mr  A = 2360 in2 , Pave = 0.86 in2 
75

Me or dual 20VC600
po = 75 · + pp + pc
Mr  Wt ft ⋅ lb HP 
 A = 2240 in2 , Pave = 0.81 in2 
pp = 2 psi

pc = Cs · n2 will handle the thermal requirement.

= 12 · E -06 · 12002= 17 psi

Example 5
10000
po = 75 · + 2 + 17
13300 For a given application the cyclic thermal power Pc is 3 HP (2,2 KW).
What size clutch operating at 500 rpm will handle this requirement?
= 75 psi
Pc
P c = P g · Kt ; P g =
Kt

Example 3 Pg is determined by dividing the cyclic thermal power by the arrange-

ment factor. Using the Pg value and the cyclic thermal graphs the fol-
What is the holding torque of a dual 20CB500 stationary element lowing clutch sizes and arrangement could be used:
when pressurized to 50 psi (3,4 bar)?
In a clutch spider arrangement -
The holding torque is equal to the element’s static torque.
20VC600 or 20VC1000 single element
po − pp − pc
Me = · Mr · 1,25 20CB500, 16VC600 or 16VC1000 dual element
5,2
In a ventilated adapter arrangement -
3,4 − 0,14 − 0
= · 12120 · 1,25
5,2 16VC600 single element
11.5VC500 dual element
= 9500 N·m

B - 105 Copyright Eaton Corporation, 1997, All rights reserved.