- Present Perfect Progressive and Present Perfect LESSON 2

EXPLORE
0
COl -13 1 READ the magazine article about Helen Thayer. What advice does she have for
other people?

Helen Thayer: /\ Li1Houg J\clvrn1Ll!l '~;l'

• Helen Thayer has never let age slop her. She and
her husband, Bill, fulfilled a lifelong cli·eam for their
40th wedding anniversm-y. They walked 1600 miles
(2575 kilometers) in intense heat across the Gobi Desert.
There they met Mongolia n nomads' and learned about their
culture. To celebrate 50 years of marriage, the Thayers walked
almost 900 miles (1448 kilometers) across the Sahara Desert
to study the customs of the people who live there. Now in her
seventies, Thayer keeps on planning trips for the future.
Thayer, born in New Zealand, has been exploring
the outdom·s for most of her life. Since childhood, she
has traveled widely in harsh climates and across rough
lands. She has walked to the North Pole with her dog as
her only companion. She has also kayaked 2200 miles
(3541 kilometers) down the Amazon, and done several
mountain climbs. These trips haven't been easy, but
they've been very satisfying.
In recent years, Thayer has been talking to groups around the world. She has continued
to travel and bring back stories to share with both children and adults. Thayer hopes to inspire 2
people to follow their passions and fulfill their dreams.' What is her advice? Set
goals, plan for success, and never give up.

' nomads: people who move from place to place instead of living in one place
• inspire: to make someone want to do something
• fulfill one's dream: to manage to do what you hoped you would do

l
2 CHECK . Read the statements. Circle T for true o r F fo r false.

I. Helen Thayer and her hus band drove across two d eserts. T F

2. As a c hild , Thayc1· liked the ou tdoors. T F

3. T he trips have been in o ne part of the wo rld . T F

4. T haye1· h a~ traveled down th e Amazo n Ri ver. T F

5. T h ayer has stopped traveling in recent years. T F

3 DISCOVER. Complete the exercises to learn about the grammar in this lesson .

A Read the sentences from the article in exercise 1. Notice the words in bold. Is the action
completed or possibly still in progress? Choose the correct answer.

I. T h aye1~ b o rn in New Zeala nd, has been exploring the outdoors for m ost of her life.

a . completed @ possibly still in progress

2. She has walked to the North Pole with her dog as her only companion .

a. completed b . possibly still in progress

3. She has also kayaked 2200 miles down the Amazon ...

a . completed b . p ossibly still in p rogress

4. In recen t years , Thayer has been talking to groups around the world .

a . completed b. possibly still in progress

B Work with a partner. Compare your answers from exercise A. What do you notice about the
verb forms used for actions that ore possibly still in progress? Discuss your ideas with your

partner.
LEARN

2.4 Present Perfect Progressive

Statements
Subject+ Have/Has (Not)+ Been+ Verb+ -ing
Affirmative I have been waiting for my friend for an hour.
Negative Tom hasn't been sleeping enough this term.

Question s An swer s
(Wh:) + Have/Has+ Subject + Been + Verb+ -Ing
Yes/No Have y_ou been working for a long time? Yes, I have. / No, I haven't.
Wh- What hos Raul been reading lately? A lot of short stories.

Who/What + Has + Been + Verb + -ing

Who or What
as Subject Who has been managing the lab? ~ z and Jun ho,,e
I
1. Use the present perfect prog ressive for ongoing
actions that started in the past and continue in I've been working 1---~
the present.
now
I've been working on my research paper.
-~ - --
2. The present perfect progressive is often used
I
a . with for or sinc e I a . They have been studying Spanish for years.
b . without for or since to emphas ize that the , b. The c hef's been working hard. It's the busy
action happened recently or is temporary season.
c. for repeated actions that started in the past c. I've been texting Jose all day. He hasn't
a nd continue in the present replied to any of my messages.
- - - - - - + - - - - - - - - - -- - - -- - - -- -
3. Remember: The progressive is not usually used She has known him since college.

-
with stative verbs . }{ She has been knowing him since college.

4 Complete the conversations with the words in parentheses. Use the present perfect
progressive.

Sasha: How long (1) have you been going (you/ go) on long-distance hikes?
Gina: Since I was in college. And I'm now in my sixties.
(2) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (my husband/ hike) since he was a
child.
Sasha: (3) - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - (it/ get) easier or more difficult for
you to hike long distances these days?
Gina: Well, I'd say that lately (4) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (we/ work)
harder to keep up with the younger people on the hikes, but I don't think
(5) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (we I cause) any problems or delays!

UNIT 2 LESSON 2 43
 _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (you / enjoy) yourselves on th e trip so far•
Jack: (6)
____________________ (we/ have) a wonderful tirne.
Katya: Oh, yes. (7)
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ (you I do) dur ing your stay
Jack: So what (8)
here in town?
_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (,vc I vi sit) museu ms and
Kat ya: Well , (9)
( 10) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (take) tours of the major sights.

2.5 Present Perfect Progressive and Present Perfect

l. The p resent perfect Is used for completed I've read the chapter. I'm ready to discuss it.
a c tions. Jill has made five phone calls.

The present perfect progressive is used for I've been reading the c hapter. I'm almost finished.
continuous actions tha t are not complete. Jill has been making phone calls for two hours.

2. The present perfect and present perfect Tony has lived in New York for ten years.
progressive have similar meanings with some He has been living in New York for ten years.
verbs that express routines. such as live, work,
and teach.

3. The present perfect is often used to express the How many cookies has he eaten?
idea of how many or how much. He has eaten five cookies.

The present perfect progressive is often used to How long have you been playing the piano?
express the idea of how long. We have been playing for a long time.

4. Remember: The progressive is not usually used I I have loved that movie since I was a child.
with stative verbs, IX I have been loving that movie since I was a child.

5 Read the sentences. Circle V for yes or N for no to answer the questions.

1. a. Tony has set high goals for himself. Is he still setting goals? y ®
b. Nick has been setting high goals for himself. Is he still setting goals? y N

2. a. We've been counting votes for hours. Are they counting now? y N

b. We've counted the votes. Are they counting now? y N

3. a. Dana has lost 35 pounds. Is she still losing the 35 pounds? y N

b. Dana has been losing weight. Is she still losing weight? V N

4, a. I've been working in a store this summer. Is he still working? y N

b. I've worked in the store for 25 years. Is he still working? y N

6 Complete the exercises.

A Circle the best answer to complete each question.

1. How long have you taken / ~ c lasses at this school?

2. How many friends have you made/ been making since you started studying here?

44 PRESENT AND PAST: PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

 3. How many cups of coffee have you bought/ been buying this week?

4. llow long hm c you owned / been owning a cell phone?

5. What gift:. have you gotten/ been getting in the last yea r?

6. How many Limes have you eaten / been eating out this month?

7• How much homework have you aJready done / been doing this week?

8. What TV programs have you watched/ been watching thj s week?

B SPEAK. Work with a partner. Ask and answer the questions from exercise A.

A: How long have you been taking classes at this school ?

B: For two months.

PRACTICE

7 Complete the conversations with the words in parentheses. Use the present perfect or
present perfect progressive. In some sentences both forms are possible.

1. A: Have you -Anished (you / finish) your assignment?

B: Yeah, and now I'm going to get something to eat.

2. A: _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ (you I find) your keys?

B: No, I'm not sure where they are.

3. A: _Is this your phone?

B: Yeah, thanks. _ __ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ (I / look for) it everywhere.

4. A: You look exhausted.

B: lam. _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (I/ work) for hours.

5. A: Are you crying?

B: No, _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ __ _ __ __ (I / chop) onions.

6. A: _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ __ _ (you / hear) the news?

B: No, what happened?

7. A: How long _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ (Pat/study) Chinese?

B: _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ __ __ ___ (he/ take) classes for about a year now,

and _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ (he/ learn) a lot.

8. A: _ __ _ _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ __ _ (Julio/ take) his final exam?

B: Not yet, but _ __ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ (he/ study) all week.

UNIT 2 LESSON 2 45
 8 LISTEN, WRITE & SPEAK. Look at the p hoto
and rea d the caption. What is c hef Ba rton
Seaver·s passion?
0
COl -14 A Read the sentences about Barton Seaver.
Then listen to the interview with him . Circ le T
for true and F for fals e.

I. Barton Seaver hasn't bee n

T F
eating seafood fo r ve t)' long.
2. His fa mily a nd childhood have
T F
influenced his career choices.

3. Seave r hasn't bee n foc using on

T F
his seafood restaurants recently.

4. Seaver has developed a list of

T F
po pular fis h to eat.

5. In his opinio n, people have been

T F
eati ng too many vegetables.

6. Seaver hasn't written about T F

ocea ns or seafood fo r a long time.

4 Barton Seaver, chef and advocate for the oceans,

believes that the c hoices we make directly affect the
ocean and all the life it supports.

B Look at the false sentences from exercise A. Write a true sentence for each.

1. Barton S e aver ha s eaten seafood si n ce h e w a s a child .

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

0
CD1 ·14 C Work in a group. Discuss the questions. Listen a gain if necessary.
I
1I
I. Why did Ba rton Seaver create a list of substitute fis h fo r people to eat?

2. What do you think he has been talki ng about in his lectures?

3. What is an aspect of eating/food prnduction that you have heard a bout or feel is importan t?

46 PRESENT AND PAST: PERFECT AND PERFECT PROGRESSIVE

9 Complete the exerc ises.
A Look a t the c hecklist. Hank and Jake must complete these tasks by the end of next week to
graduate from cooking school. Who is closer to graduating, Ha nk or Jake?

Talkl Hank
1. Pion o doily menu
2. Toke on online course on food science
3. Write o paper on rood safety
1
4. Pion a tood budget for one week
1s. Serve o four-course l1olldoy meal
B Complete the paragraph with the words in parentheses. Use the present perfect or present
perfect progressive. Add not where necessary.

(I) Both H a nk a nd .Jake have planned (plan) a da ily menu .

(2) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ (complete) the on line food science
course yet because he was sick fo r two weeks. The professo r is letting h im make up the final exam
next week. (3) _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ __ _ _ _ _ _ (a lready / take) the
course, so (4) _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (help) Jake study for the exam.
(5) _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ (a lready / turn in) his
food safety paper. (6) (work)
hard on his food safety paper, but (7) (fini sh)
it yet. (8) (plan)
the food budget a nd the menu for the holiday mea l together for a few weeks.
(9) _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ __ _ _ _ _ _ _ (serve) the holiday meal yet, but they plan to
serve it next Thu rsday. Both hope to graduate in December.

10 APPLY.
A Write a paragraph about a short or long-term goal you have for the future. such as passing
a test or graduating from college. Write at least three things you have or have not done or
been doing to achieve your goal.

M y g o al is to get an A in my h istory c lass. I've b e e n doing my

h o m ework every night a n d pa r ticipati ng a lot in class. I've finished
a ll m y assignments on time. I haven't s tarted my r e s earch paper
y et, b u t I've been thinking about d ifferent topics.

B Share your goals with a group. Ask your classmates follow-up questions.

A: Have you gotten As on your tests?

B: I've gotten one A and one B, but it was 89 percent, so that's a pretty high B.

UNIT 2 LESSON 2 47