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Gauss Law

Gauss's law provides an alternative way to express the relationship between electric charge and electric field by stating that the total electric flux through any closed surface is proportional to the total electric charge inside. The document discusses Gauss's law and its applications to different geometries, as well as related concepts like electric field lines, electric dipoles, electric flux, electric potential, and voltage.

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Anthony Creation
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79 views13 pages

Gauss Law

Gauss's law provides an alternative way to express the relationship between electric charge and electric field by stating that the total electric flux through any closed surface is proportional to the total electric charge inside. The document discusses Gauss's law and its applications to different geometries, as well as related concepts like electric field lines, electric dipoles, electric flux, electric potential, and voltage.

Uploaded by

Anthony Creation
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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GAUSS’S LAW

GAUSS’s LAW

• Is an alternative to Coulomb’s Law.


• Provides a different way to express the relationship
between electric charge and electric.
• It was formulated by Carl Friedrich Gauss (1777 – 1855),
one of the greatest mathematicians of all time.
• Gauss’s law states that the total electric flux through any
closed surface (a surface enclosing a definite volume) is
proportional to the total (net) electric charge inside the
surface.
GAUSS’s LAW

• This proportionality is expressed in the Gauss’s law


equation:
GAUSS’s LAW SPHERE

• For a spherical charge the Gaussian surface is another


sphere.
GAUSS’s LAW LINE

• For a line of charge the Gaussian surface is a cylinder.


GAUSS’s LAW SQUARE

• The square has a side length of L, a width of d, and a


charge Q.
ELECTRIC FIELD

• Is a region where a charged a particle exerts a force.


• Is defined as the electric force per unit charge.
ELECTRIC FIELD LINES

• Sometimes called lines of force.


• Provide a map of the electric field in the space
surrounding electric charges.
ELECTRIC DIPOLE AND ELECTRIC FLUX

• An electric dipole is a pair of point charges with equal


magnitude and opposite sign (a positive charge +q and a
negative charge –q) separated by a distance d.

• Electric flux is the measure of the electric field through a


given area.
• Electric flux is proportional to the number of electric field
lines going through a normally perpendicular surface.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

• Is the amount of work needed to move a unit charge from a


reference point to a specific point against an electric field.

• The electric force F exerted by the field on the positive charge is


F = qE

• to move the charge from plate A to plate B, an equal and


opposite force (F = −qE) must then be applied.

• The work W done in moving the positive charge through a


distance d is W = Fd = −qE
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

• The potential energy for a positive charge increases when it


moves against an electric field and decreases when it moves with
the electric field

• PE to denote electric potential energy, which has units of joules (J)

• The change in potential energy, ΔPE, is crucial, since the work done
by a conservative force is the negative of the change in potential
energy; that is, W = –ΔPE.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

• The potential difference between points A and B, VB − VA, is


thus defined to be the change in potential energy of a charge q
moved from A to B, divided by the charge. Units of potential
difference are joules per coulomb, given the name volt (V) after
Alessandro Volta.
ELECTRIC POTENTIAL

• Voltage is the common name for potential difference.

• the relationship between potential difference (or voltage)


and electrical potential energy is given by:

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