a Qooisolor199 K Micrceprencesnner. Lined =—O Bokh > Heae ARe _\ortéoun Ayipen of addrcenning wodery Winter (2022) Dineuie ardour tyoes ob addicenving moder 4 Supported by R85 - NGlu2 - Tmmediate Addrerning Mode: In Bin mode, opescond ia G_ Gonatont of Om _iwnedicbe The ele in direcHy Provided an Pot [Fie Bxample: NWE A, 42H (inetrwotion Loode We te imatrwetion. = lermedicdte, value 42H into wegintew A) 7 7) Regioke Addrensing Nedez En Rie sreder , Opend i Mtored io one of Pe weginiews B Re Wieno Proewmnot . [ Re exmpe: NOV 2, A j inwirwohion Copies We Content B Reginles A -fo rregivlere 13. 2=. 2 | i Direct Addreenising Mode: _ In Vio mode, Ve, _ || operand in “Sieh — _ Cecenned _ yrewony —_loection j for Example: LDA Bocol{ oa invlwretion Load Bp, mt ob wnenrore lace os 2Qo00\\__ into meginler f\) ) | jel ARE die _Rédeers Neder Tm Rio rede, ee Opercand in aecerned indicecaly Pgh — G__reegialer on Meron} lowecti ine the adden ob He operand . rive for: example; LOA (AL) (Taetwwction Loads Re emtent 9 of Re memory leectton Whore — Gddeenn im Ploned m Pe WL L meginke info _ceginier A) rye] fa Io Re idee Indiceet Rogar H In Rin mode, . Opertand cexanned indirectly Rcorg h | O__megiaterc Tek Gorrtains Re Gddreean of The, = Brxomple: LOAK 13 (Cinatwotion Loady Re coment of Re smerony Location foinled to Re Be egiatere Pair _ info _eeginterw peor pp ppQE=0 bl Whot ane the _cdvemntagen of On Crrembl Loong age ty Comeartinnn With high level UG RED i. ~ long v N > Yer ore Some adventagen or secnerbl lennon in Compacéaon with high - level feagege 2 Cop hee Vy yotl tel | ba ADizeck Costrol wen Yeardwarer, Amembly \ Language, provider direct _cerann to tho hendwacde _Compenente ok tre, Compuler, Such an egielern and smeworey 2| Sailers Code Size’- __rarembly language Tomy one, typically Smallec in Size eqpivolent _ Pcogresms vortlemn im bah - — level lenguagen, Mie lo beceune Ganeroly lenguage matnuction ace Simplerc Gd were Gomeene Bean high- level long vege Stedenmento . 3 ; jon 7- Arprnembl lomguage, Program Com Sole mua Co. Csyrivalent —— Progreama Wrestle in sy a taal eenguagers Thin io _ becaune, eo lemguage, motmeton oP directly SG ancehine Code.Memory BBhigiewoy: —_ anebl Prog econ Con be “wore neraart lenquoge ~2 icgernte Bon e4eivalesn —_ progrecem Wratlen in high - \evel lenguegen . | | 3 | 12 1m — beeaure, ar nemicly lewng vege, Tavsfraschen Clown fore Preeine Control NE -menrorct alleeatien md UDUage,, menuliing fn leno" Wanted memo}. Frtovider tRe abilt 0 - level nization . Low-level Optimization : Prasembly leanguage, ® fo perdoron low-level Oplimizchose , Such “Ge ingtwetion Schedslig— and kep varcolling » Which con __eeault mm — Fonte “ omd more ethicient Cade. 2 Language, preoviden direct Calor cllowtng fe Yrowce [S| Fosens fo Syslen Gite Beoembly Gecenn to Siem Contwal overt, ite (CereoU Teng. Be Opescting N Syptem andQk=O == oe ne — cs = vag aa GL —_ i ener ecevevlatorys| | “Rdainlerd@) CL 226 | — ipa 1 He 28) |e) | = ee | O%| €6) | Beate EIN) Leey| | wee Ye Gree LAS | (EET Jeyete. PG cesira| | | [Eee Evan a Vv. — A = U Control — RESE| cmd Staten OMA CLKOT REAY RD WRALE $$ Te/fM Heed Hop Rese) RESET’ OvyGr=0 = Reeumulalow: We aceumolalore, to cy _B-bit -— tegimleca “Rex fatorern Pe cen —_ VV ascitRmetic cd logiec| Cpeactionn — 5 4 4 Germercal = we the Kb bon Six _ "General Peepne reginters, ee Samay 3, e, 0, E. Word — wom Cameo: The Pragram Coumlec ina — a a ogee bok ees — Ae, crest Gdduenn be next inatrwetion. ive) Stack Pontes (SP): “We Slack ‘Pomlecs ia a Wit (egiolere Bed Pointe -bo the Cores | tae oy Re Stack, a wre, LreBoetic Logic Umit: Te Au pereborame ocimetic ard bgical Operations on “We dota Sfored in Be ceevrukebag and _oRen _regicteta, 2 “Tiring Gnd Conte Unit: The Timing ard Gonino| __ Unik gemecoteo We, various ail Signals — Tequired -fo execule —_mahuelions and wreege— “fie dot. Pov between Re Wareroun L esHional Hooke. L, sLl dL Emleceeupt Control We tertercrupt — Gasrlral Hbelk mmomnegern Re inlerenupts cond” handles Re, jrambes b- Contnal to Re terlerceeek Service ttouline. _ Enpot foutpel (alo) forte. he S85 _ Mieraprsen wea! hen hwo Sef oP C-bit opt oript — forte, — memely fork A ard Pont B . Thene porte ace veed to twher-fuce with external icop a | Memory Tatechace > Ro memory _wlecbace Five Prov den Pe imlerbter between “Rem Kenton 7 PrLoewta nore ond Be arewors Syrtem , 4 Gllowin, the mieroproeenme, fo mead Ord Write dota and _tostwetiong Prom im Ged to NBO WY te |21 © How doen the -miercoproeernon dibbeaamntiee = omen o Ponitive Number, God bit Pattern) > [>_ Poaijive: je _Nombercn: _ Ponilive “sumbern one reorenented ta Re -microprocennore, _vsivg Ya vakigned boar AUmbeT len, — Ln “a —_ Sytem, Re rost Signiticant bit (se) — ta Aways Zero, indicatin ng. thot Be bec ie Pooitive. Neactive: Nowbene Negaline —numbern Grey five freprenented ee Mieceprecermect Using We, a -fwo’ ae wetetion, In Pie woletion the MSR io wed on a Sign bt. Ib Be Son bt in 1, Be murkens in negative; = iz eS Sga__ bit ie 0, Re mumben “ig Pooitive. wee Dik_Patteran:: A bt poten may eprenent Coy data» WhetRew if ie a PRecitve ow a megave munbew, G Chewactew . om motwotion Code, Ore Cry olen wRoolnQE=0 | Mistaken: Te chove, Pro; gsm deeremertn Re Canlontn ob- Tegiee poe “so ee cond Gheero iB Re reat in as Zero Udine Be NZ (Bump iB Nek Zeco) _inwtwetion, IP Re reat — ve wot Zero, Re Program surpa — book to Be lakel Loop, Greeley _ On __iebinde, \oop.. _ i Cotreet Program : — LXT WH, 2S4H 5 Leod We inital Vehe ine WL negiclen ~ Cait : Myr _@, to ¢ Set We Covnlee f Jo ‘ “ Loop: Dex ¢ Decrement W-L regialers paire anz Lop: duep laak +e Loop if- reenult to mt Bex DERG ¢ Decrement We Counter DNz_LOOp; dump baa to Loop i Courlen in nd Huot z tel tRe Progrrs. On = a SY ORG coco Here of The, Pregncwm - Wor ok; Triticle Reg. te ooh Our OL ¢ Ovtput Col -fo PorT 4 3 CALL REO; Call Glbrovtine Wo Wn On Reginiem —-— CALL DELAY, Call Subroutine, hore deley ob 46 sec — CALL GREEN: Call Subtoutine fo tum on Gian -— CALL DELAY ¢ Gol Gubustine fore delay of 20 Seo, — CALL YEtLow; Call Submoutme Jo tum on Yellow tre CAL DELAY. Gall Subroutine, Bore delay of Bo See” * CALL Do; Call Subsoutme to Wan om Anal Sign aa CALL BELAY; Gall Subroutine Bore delay ob So See. om CALL DoNT: Call Submoutne te Fon on Donct Walk Sigarce CALL DELAY, Coll Submouline fore delay of: Bo See. Hite Wolt Me program Subroutine to Qereaccte, Delay . a DELAY ; = LXE, OFFFFR IG=bit \aloe Pow Deley i DELAY Lene:= Dex 0: Deerement Re delay _ Commerc My AO; Move D to A _ - ORA_E OR A wah & _ SNZ_DELAY-Loop, dump to if A in wk Zero lV tiae RET i Return Sobrtoutne, Soul RED = = Moy A, OLK : binary Value tor Red Aight — OUT oth Ovtpot_ to PoRT 1 (21) a Re é am i GREEN: 7 Mov A, OK ; binary \alve pore green Kat a OUT Ot ¢ Outpot AW to PORTA (oz) REP é | YELLOW : : Mov_A, Qolt ; binary Value Bore Yellows ight OuT oti ¢ —_Ovtput A to poari (05) RET F “Do Not; _Mov A. Sol; Linares Value Row Dow Walk OvT o1W ; Sign (OF) RET: END; End of me pregren.i OD iu 3 6 — _ a Myr_L, Spi ns Mvr_ A, Goll Aop Le he Hirceas\— inotructio MVIL, SDA locde Vee lower byte oe Reginlec pare HL with Be volue DH. vey Ad deol tet | “he Seeond wmatnuction MVIA, 624 loodo He ceeurviclon With Re ile GBH. “he Ried ‘etwelio ADpL addn Re vale wm regioter Lt Pe Geeumulator, . Me Value mn _tlegislee Lip Dh , So Re _cddition Temutin ia eel Pinswere'- Ea Availiorcy Cesuty (AS) Beg: Net * Goreng (CY) Flag : hot abpeated. € Sign (s) Fkg Ser beeaune, tRe nenlt CSh hen itt vrob+ SigaiPicant bit Set. Pore IG) Fle ~ Set becaves We wervtt C8h an a Thon Gn even mumben of Set _ bite.Date Poon be %8h Preogramming Model in 6 = Conceptual \ teprenervlelian Oo} Mo, sas te — WS —_Meoproeenmre Work. U-_ Conninrtin a ch Re, Pollbwing Compomentn, _ —_ o_ aa Ta — Aeevmulaba(fl) Sfedue Rea — Reg.B Rq.c oe 4 Reg. D Reg E — Reg-H | Reg. L a Slack Pointer (Se) Ww Prog reawn Comer 7 Bis Bo a Fig. Programments Model * De 05 Dy Ds De DD. << re eee < Flag _negiotec. ok 3b [ Aceumvlator,. A wegioter Uoed Poe Orth. metic _omd logica\ Opercections. ay De Reginiet ip: OiRern _Cegintens AVuilable pa enerca\ Purtpore Ube , moluding e e, 9, E, Wh andl,QE=O ao il Mek eo sremorcy Me. mex Tra lree! Vio to _be * eK Steck Rintes (Sp)- A wegimler, Wack Keen ee of Be memo bection of the ob Re. Stack. _ 2 A Sek oF Status Hlego That - indicate Re renult of +Re lant Opecation , imeluding “Re, Siga(S). Zeeo(Z), Auxiliary — Garceey (AC), | Posty (e) , and © Genny (ey) Hogi. Memory + An addreennable, Space where, Com ged iota cae Wy" | Steced. eee ode Ke Operond: ia Specibied diceotly bn qe tactkuction , Examples. Mv A, Bah ADI 42h qo | Regieterc Addrreraraing wmode; Ihe operand tip Speetied mn a reegieler . Exomple. rs neAl Cicer a ~The Cpexcerecd lp Speeski ied indiree: at &_megimlerc, poe ot Crenmoreyy Cddrorr - Baer — QO, STRX D heat eddnensing Mde:- The perand ip__ivmplied oy Be mabruetion . Examples: Noe HLT.l ry dd deh debt tag Sl Given inotruetion, Qico LXE We, 1234 bY MvI_ A, Be, ROO _ M > Size oB ADD M_ maiwalion “We ROOM weltweton mie th rica. Pocwnoe hor o Size of 1 byle. “We R00 M inatinuation equines 3 Yraching Cyele +o Complete. Each Connist> ob a. Specihie, TE Staten. “Ke Gontent of We adden bun, dota ipopraw Gontiol Signal or each TT. Stede of Re And M_-inatrection. TL: amachime Cycle, ie Number - Address boo : 24tool Dotaloue: Opeode eke (8 EX) Contnal Sigeal: RO = t » WR =o LolM-o, ALEL= 1 Stuctun Signal: So=O , =O: cto. Control Signal: RO = Shin Sat Sort , S=0 ane “TS: —- Address bua: ML +i (next cddrens) J Dota bue + Data M_ Pointed by WL tive. WR= 0, TofmM=o, ALE.2 Control Sigeal: Qo= TT Ww aC tr % 1 133] +2 fr || Enolnvetion th MyrLA. AH ie Myr 2, be te. Avo B re oRA A T 5G Te Velen in te joble one eéihew 0 on 1, indication hethen tho Blog ia iE: reset (0) ov Set (1) ablen fe exeevtion ecoclh _ inetrwetian Tv O “ I Ore byte potrwertionn : Mene are We, : Splest iapiwetimna m the S86 matwwetion Set, cd Rey Ceevpy oly me bye « oF mewory ‘ q Bey vdvclly Perbomm Serple Operctions \ie. inecemesting om deenemnertting GA i Tregimlere Ore Performing __O- loqica\ Operation, On _ O wegiaten. Excrnplen o& ome _ibyte toatrwctions ore tye’ Dek, @MA ete.Q2=0 Two kyle melrevetionn : Weoe, — iemhuerisas Ccepy {wo beter of- AMOMO;EYy + Gnd they veuallly MvVolyve a teegioterc ond on tmmediade” lata fe Speeitien ste, Cpercartionn tobe Pentoremed » While, +Re Reeond byte Preeviders Be _operceerds date. i Exewpe, MvI, Lxr, STA, ete Three bye matwetions : “Tene _motrwetiones Orerpy —Reee _byteo of merorcy , Gnd 4 eee Uned ore rere Complex Operation, Ve, recent ded between rmerrorey beakionr ore Peaforerni Grimetic __Opertations on ___ Large * deta Valuers Mal,Qr=O Mere are -tRree ibberent_ typen ob nrtruction Sel in BOR mi rte Pica Ct. forore, ¥ Onde reomahere group :- - - ! © Aciweltc que ¥ Conkeol “treomnBers — Ftoup. Data “treater, qrcoup ob- matweton » ip Ured to “fromnBers data _behweem regiiatewe marron, \oecchionn , cond imeot/ output “Excmplen; Mov, Nvi, Lp. STA ete. AritPRynetic Group of twetmuctiona ved to Per Boren Ctl hmedrwe ord logical _opercactions On date. . Exompko: App , — SU@, INR, DcR, CMA ete. Contre teansRere Group: “Thie group ok frehmioteg ia an qo Change, Me Seponca of- execution of trratwctiona __kened am cakes IMP. ‘ada JZ 9 CALL, RET Cte.Addrcerorarng | Cyalen ead imnedicle ~— Diese te coda © oO ‘wewrery Pekale comma, — a ee [LALO 250011 [bed Pegi — Ore a Rare Pron ~ — mere”= A ® eee Diterence bahvean RLO QR RAL inatrwvetien 7 Le RAL a] RLe roles Re [1] RAL rotdeo Re, ccovrwleto Contentn | Geeumuledowm content oe bit +o the lett | ame bit to he tebe [teva he Corey tleg, 4 2] Th in on & bit 2] Tk ie aloo om inotuvetion. 8- bit — inetnwetion. 3|_ Tr toxe 4 chek | 3] Th taken 5 clock CYeleo 4+, execule . Cycleo +o execute.b| _ — Mankable Inlecupto: Merskalble, Terlermopte One Se HPone Pot com be, dimabled on enchled TO. Tk meemo Wok — +Re, > cmictopmocenpnore Cem be Programmed te — lgrower__ mmowkKable fatercceuptr - Te _ omankable —_intewerapt one Uned bore ow- Prony intercept one Uned Bers? 7 Rot ean be delayed on iqvored = wWiRout ebcating the Syrotemn Opercesi on Examples eb rmanKoble vlenupin ore liv exleconal norleneupts , Keboared “eertecvaupta and, Secéal Cormmmunicccion imlennuptn . a Non- MarKoble Ine: : Non- Maokabler i es (Min) Cvce, Te ‘wnteruwpts Rat ecrmot be | diaghled ore ignored by Re rmicrcoptocennom Tene Trter are denigned ore, - Crtéttica| — venty Such a9 Power ilurce, Snesmorey4 poreety e\cucomp _, ow Syolem Tench. - The Microprocennore, smunk rempond to me NMIs immediately qo Prevent "the Synlem © Brom Craanhing ‘ore boin deta. Me a NMin hove “Re. highest Priority and _ Con inteceruph ade, “micro Preece nore, od . Gay time, JQE=0 Sn Me 885 wicnprsene » the Blog Meginter ia om B-bif megiolen that Conloien 5 ot ame Sel ore tenet baned ie weru\t of tRe —creimetio, ond goa Cperationgs _ _pecchoremed, by the, pees Me Blagn Ome: 0 OF O OO O i See : Sign) Pegs Tk wdicodeo Whee Be ent of an operction in ponitive, om megative — rvenulh. Th Re MSR iw O, Be Blog in Tenet . indreacting Positive, enulb. Zero (2) Flag : Tt imdiceles Whether Be tenutt of con operction im Zero om nob. Th te. tenlt in zeco, We bag in Set, alee it ip tenet. Roxiliace Canny (AO Blea « It mdiecdes ome eye ee fo_bit4 during Gn __orefimerbio, _Openaztion involving lowers nibbles - rr Ge Geang Oceured , the Peg io Set, eloe if in Tenet.ity CL BA TE indicaten _WhestRere The re be Ofesedion han an een ore odd mnumberw in th» _ ba reensccthe> enn £3: Bate, Beat havo ee “umber blag la Set, elne bin Teneh “co Corny (Cl) Hag. Ty iwdiealen vihelbew a 4 Oceured mm te, woot Signitlicont bit during. on cares Panetres eo Opercoction - 5 rho Carerey ocevned, the, Bag ie Sek, | ele it io rene. a ce ta &| Nipu Chandra. Wrest, fo _ Pe0so107329 QE=0 SO RRO Trstwetion? — RR& inafrwetion _ kee a he Comertn =} G mle ore © oe a locestion, one bit to Po : Re réghtwent _bit to whoted to ge — Convey Hog __oad “Be free _velue ob Whe Z reoteded ite be he ea Pel see tees Caner Cae Five RAR Enatwetion + RAR walwoton ‘Ticden Be Conkenntza ob We ee regis bit in rotated ‘nto Be a Blog io and We Previous Valve. eS _ Covert in Wotaded = tke lebroat ine bit oB Be Gecurvladow . a “The watnueton in Common ured in ‘ binany | ariRmetnac, cnd legiecl _ Operedions. “4 |(Qr=e bp oo ~ Veolored etewoye _ EK Necloned — Tarlereeuptis vo Ora terleruep = hop oO Pre ey Meckore, Cddeene a Gnpocicted wR ik | When the interrupt Coons, We NMiCtaprtoetppore OL “MiCHo- Contnollece, Qutomedi call a Sdumen to the, — Cddeenn to exenvte the a Connen ponding Tntenmpt Serview _toutine, GsR). roe kd symp T We Rec ubida, Be trleneupt oe Seeeitien Ae wevnory _lpoccttonn ob- ' Way Voy Veeloned Trvtennupts one, Banlen omd yore. aBPhecent . cm q Non- Veetorred Terlecuruptn : A non ~Vectoaed deen rok brwe a puedebined eal oddtenn canneedated WHA iL. When the, imlonnpte ccewren , Re 2 “eeriope Seach smut a sR oddrenn Uring Soh wore, te Non Veetned — Intenruptrn cre Rowers ond lean edticient- Hon Veeton Trderceupta| Nipu Chandree. hour, LL 2001.203071 29) Poe gL Deneribg te fimertiows - o READY PIN: We READY PIN ia Uned to Petal Synebnongze, We operakion 4 the mmierop eocernore, with ce Slower extemal _ devigen Such ao nmemortien ond input] Outper (ilo) deviees. 74 When Re READY Pim a in Nigh it _diectes Wot the external _devicos in teady to hve ot Provide dette. te a to te Mmieroprrocernot . ALE (Addeens Latch Enable): = The ALE Signal io Used to latch Be awe. oddrenn bun . The Oddnenn in latched by exlermal devices Such Og menortien Gud Ifo devicen. HoLo - Me HOLD Ph in ured by external devices to ceyeot _eoertreal —e Cddreor omd date _lounen . When a device Sendo a YOO mewent Re mi now Completen the IT IVT PP Qounnent netavetion Crd _Serdaa Ota Holp Ack (acknowledge Signal. —_C20 Xi Gnd XZ» heme cae Cental Oseillatore pian Ured (to pwvide “the cheek Signal £ He, AMNicrtO Prtoce PRO. A ereyratel Osea i cctore Conevit io Cormected fo 2 Povero Pin fo denerde Re oak Signal. We clock Signal in uned fo Synchronize the Opercction of the micno- Procennors md Otten, —_— devieen. sl |el [ty yy) \4 “Bl S10 ond Sop: (Seasal Winpor Dot] “tne SIP omd Sop ( Seaial Output Docka) pine Ore Uned us Seréa\ Communication. ‘he “mietoProcenore. Com Communicode, WHR zn extermal devicen uaing Secol Communi. > Cation Pxotoccla. oan, “the SID fm 6 vuned to mput Senial dota fo Re TmicrtoPtocepnore _, White, 4+he Sop em in used +o output Seal dotn Porm te “micren Procerscor. JIT Li) PP‘(expt ookpak oe Newony)) he indiccken — WhelRew Re Wictapreccernorce in eam cond to ore “mewrory Opecection. —_ When Re Io[M pr io lw, the — Micro Prtocennare jn Pex Og G_menmarey — operation om he When Te To[M Pin ie high , te : wmicwoprocennsra in PerPoroming on TO 4G Opercoton. | my "LOA (oLO Rekpowledge):- "Be HLDA Signol iy eed to Gckrouledge a Hold — Teqent Brom On eKlemal device Sendo * a HoLO meqent- the microprtocennare " Completen — Re Gurren ino tnucton ga Grd Sendo Out a WoLD Ack eS Signal.6 —S Feature ob 80386 Noms peneennae, =| © 32-bit Aachiecloces - a The 80386 io G Ba-bib mien enna , — Which -~neome it Com handle large dada. Sizen ond Cddren» loge cmovaln ok 7 errereny Rom tp xed eeenncrun. a ® Vircuc\ Mevwary : The @0386 Micwpucemn | Supporto Viretual wmemony , Which Glow ~ 4 CG Pwegram +o URE more menmarciy 74 Bon in Phynicolly CNailable _b uling — Bink Taterage, “Gn om __ exlennion main smemany* ¥ we. © Puwolecled Moder “The zee Microprocancw Support, Protected mode , Which provides Q Secure SAWiremmen Pore, Toming i cmulliple pplication —— Simuttaneovaly Wiel fa infeabersting with each Offers. ene ht C=O Kl Plesk diagram of GUN SPARE _Osteliectuta, = 42-5 G0]s Jo Merory 42% GBI Totten 1 zl [emi | Gr 4 a z L2 Coche. ace. ; > Weare 6 ° Fig. SPARC Arichilecture,.NS TC, $e __2001.3010719.9 oe {@| 2 z g fo 3 HD ‘ell > | | on INT INTR i ‘ oe = 7 in == % —T Dota Gun — "1 Bethe EF — Ro —_ Rw — WT] oder [II [real TRO ie IRzZ 4 aa Concede FF eer a | cx2—] Bot TOR aaa | we Tetlencupy Tepote: The 8259 chic hon eéghts 4 iearupt impute (in 4e INT?) ARok Gon be ~ Connected +o — Virtdoun — Sburteen in the, 7 Computers Syatem. Tree ee Regie The IRR ip on $- bit intecucuph yee input, +bot Stonen the, rom Re intereuptfee ae eee —— 2oo1Bo107199 om 2 ————————— Tnjerreupt Tn- Sercview Reqiclee, (se): _ “he TSR ie Gn B-bit eginlee tBct Sforcen « Be inleceupts That es Coreen = being Serviced ley Ro, MieoProce nna. © Taleceupt Mark Regie: The IMR 1 Gn 8-bit Regioterc in Uved +0 emalle or _digable iNlectvpin From Be intenreapy mpube. : j Priors ences: Tha Priory Tenolverc, tive to G& logic Cérevit Pot delecemninen the - highest prfonéty interewpy request abo needa te be Senedd by “4Be, MMi ctoProeeD nore » 3 Control Logic. We _eentrol Logic, swe indluden _ N@rredoun —— Com-trol —_I regintees ond Corrina Signals “Pot ane —4 Used to mamage the inlextreupte Conccde igubec: “Te 82%9 _Ghip can be, Concaderd with offen $259 Chipeto hemdle were Ram eight _briereeupt. THE, Cancode, boubher, o_o Set of Pins Wot ollbw -roltiple 9259 Chips te be Cosmected Aegether JLIITIIPP——— "a @ a Featuces & BARE Micro Pracennen, 4. 32-bit Archilectura : The W486 in G Ba- aes bit Grchitectuce, ami rot ranere, Which vreaen an Con bondle _lorgen deta Sizeo Cn enn lange Comountn of Srrenra! thon Hn Pome, Predeceonorce. “a 2. Integrated Floating = pow Unit (FP): The $0486 imeluder cm integrated —Pu awe which Allows Ato Boom Plooting pei ok FE Caleviations meh * Bonito Pred RTT | I | | Z Tmprred Cache Per Porememen ; “he Bee on ecdurcen Cn leap reovedd Cache rene Saptem Pot Com Irtona rere dedta. “cord ingituetions “Wat ite Predecenneren, 4. Pipelining 7 he 4G becdunen a tive- Stage Pipeline, _Which ta allown it +o execule 2 wmuttiele inatrevetion nm Stu Hemeourl amd _bmprove, Overca\| + Perctoremanca. ave—— ae er ore Peoitoo7109 QE=0 S| look diagram of- ARM? Avhileskuce “tee —ALB 0 pgp { — ——_ | Seen | exer _Con\ieo) — — Addktenn Regie. | Eran —— ——} BAL orm ORE RMPTI. ——— 7] OCH NOL —__ beaux ITEND Pe nEXE® — SSYNC — Re giten bank a -—-___ Bit we guaeaa) ie cet State EQio cua) WALT _| Tnottuctiod > maces 2) stive [aecadere lL “IRS aa nO We FE NELe t Ke Reset _| saxg | +] ant K- Atert = Moltiphec | nn ae { —_ o orgy t> SEQ ane | Fr tock PE <— ep, B2-bit ALU PO oe tha b> (GIT Po nna 1 vt i| Wrate data Reqalee] [apoireeion Pipelng hurnlo iwatncelion Comte NENOUT TEIN Diol© Dota, SS) Bua = Bub — oN T Read wheate, Control Logic, Prchilectune, of S255 Per ta Contra Logic! the Gartal Logic eludes = Vorioua Canta weqiateca ae Control ale Rok: ee Uned tp —_ Comttigure a manag. age the 5 ofenesion oF i oh. Tr _ineluden Wared Regis (CWR).00130107129, —————— QE=0 Be Mode, Set Reginten, (sp) 1nd Voréoun Costtreo\ Sigvcls Such Ga RD, WR, ard @% a Dain Due Boblec: "We dota bur bubbec yy weed to bubben the dela beticen To ae Chip cd Re eu. — PORT A: PORT A iw om © bit bidiccchemt To Pore Bot Con be Condiguaed 4 Ge inpuk ore Ookpb PORTIS: PORT ie an B-bit bidinectional alive” To port ot Cam be Confiqueed Cyr ope ore outpof _] It alao moluder two Control len Sgrclo STB (Strobe) omd CLK (chest qRat ace Uned Bore, are, handoharke, Operectiono, CORT SG: FORT © to on Skit pont Bab Gon divided __ into tuo parla, ba PORT _@ Lowerc, (Pee - Pes) and 1 PRTC Uppen (Pey. PCay \ The lowe, Parc Gon be, Gonbigured on ingot ot Outpul, | ||OO ee ees aaae QOOI2I 0799 C£ - Ba (th) \\\ | _Micropeosomare ond Inlentecing re G3] Explain Re Bog Tefinlen tn C085 rriercoprtccacine “The Flag megivlen, “tm G08 “micrcopeceernore Conniat - *@ individual bite , each re Prenenting a Speeitic Fkg. 4. Sgn Heg The Sign ‘Beg Sep f= the enue on arilftmeti oe logical Operations in Hive imdicoding Pat Re went __Significomt bit ob Re \ cenult. : 2 zee tg @) Ke Zoo Bag © Set When Pe wert Cm Operation in Zero, of indicating Wot all bite & tke reault are ‘Zero. 3. —— Coseny nq Re): Te Auxiliary Corer jo uned pore Coreneying outa Corny. ore bomow —Oopencdion between Pe owen nibble and Re higher. bit dusting,eet \\\\ \ _ | poreity 2 "Te, forcity beg idicelen We ty of wen\t. Th in bet the Hien hoe an even “rumba, of Sot CS) | bite and Qhearted he bit are, _odd. _ Bb Canny blag = Whe covey flag in Cred toe _ indiccdt Cece Coad bore Sorcig Orc omehico. — | ond logical oO ioe, |b] Exglam Re bellowing Pinn ob 8086. Ree IP INTRi IF ie a bondwace wboeph Sigoo\ The Micrtoprrocennore Fecogmizen beteneopt_ Reqentn on these lmen at the end ab the Concent intwetim _-exeention. 2] Wolo: “the Signal dicaten TRF orotiee amantec in re wentingn ton Re une of addreen bun, data “bun ond — Casrtral bun. 3] Sop: Sacal Otpt Dela Thin in am Output Signal Which enables Pe trom. crinsion a Sociol dada bit by bir fo Be. exteronal devicer , q READY: Tr ip Uned by Re miono eomr, +o penne Whee a Ae hecal — an on ot Bore data. sronnbere : Tht Preocerrnore, Waits .3 AT Cl Draw Re beck diagram of Mieeal anehitechee ob $085 aod expel am ho WereKing ; cs INR Ink 5568 7.5 TRAP sip sop : CLICK READY RD wR ALE % S, Iolm yan RESET COT Ae i PPS Arehilechne of SRS Miccoprecensors. isan my oF 808 — Tayolvero ani! tatruxhiae, Tate” = a ~ Gddrenn Sted mde ‘Pehean Coustee (pc). The inotwelion Ren giotere, C1R) Te Cosrtro\ Use decden “Be ingtrwetin, deleerminen. \\ she, required sapesieiee 2 cad genencctera— Be. TMece nacre Sigmols. —> Baned a ievetevetion , docke. rey be etched trom wrewory ow Reginlerry © cod Prwcenned by ALU “Re Alu perborama Pe. Specibied crt Rmetic, - Paeat _Opercction cod Updaclen Pe cteoulbo Re Accumulaton cnd Me Hogs Regine caer The Mieoprocensore tpead7y Bin Cele fe wu oe ia Pig Program, menemes gram Cowles Jo Petoh ange ae It Gonhnven —Sixeauting motwetiony Until browne Ge domo inatwetion, hoger Re Cosxtro\ ‘Poa on Unit on inlererwpy Occur.. WAY a O2] @ _ Explain tbe allowing >a] CHLD (Lead Hand Le Dioolg y= LHLD We on matuetion in Be Pot in eed to lcd Re ook : ~rexvol cocoon dircech| ity ond. eb Te na ie 8 BARS rierepresrren 2] RAL _( Rotede, beige pe RAL mee G teb-+ Tofacion eh ee Pe. Aceonslafor me onthe Te wotction oo shg fy al Re bite of De Recomlaten. BL ORAL Deeimal Adiuot eo) DAR odaucto anlertn of Re Accomuledoe adler, G Rep addition ore ___ Subicetion _ operechion , BCD ip ume rep renentecion. Whee, ecch deesmal digit ig __Teprenented by a Abit irony Value. | Gfeieeaaie Sgrlliglexing ob dete cmd oddraon _ Ul bun OD _ ~, [= OF Tene help of cn cddnon — 7 voteg —exernal —_labh and ALE: — | Signal om WI. Te Ie 41 $373 to on, — |B cit leteh having 8 0 ip-Blepa . “The inputr Tin treomabecred Yo the. batpet Only when | dock io high. _ — Te ALE Signal in oe onl duran, Tt, So in ip woleand tbe —|__|_| only durang T,, be ‘raroensed (Bo - Ay) on Ane NDo_to =e rmvltiglexed bon. In Re merraining — + machine ple, ALE a ae , Output of the ae Roe co} Tremaine vachanged. ® latch lowes half Om oddreens + in eceh machine oxcle $08 Jiven ALE || Signal nat ducing _T oy every meachime euyele . da dio daca we * con Une Ovtput ef atch en lower hal acldwens fous end input a _lateh (ADo-ADy) a data bua. LLELLL ‘ejPe Write a. Program te tind 5's Complements G_aumbeg, Stoned reall at 20551. ee 2050!) cend Store => Prograom LXT Hy, 2060N; Load We Sourse cddreans telo HL Register, Paire Moy AM 2 Mane te ele Gh wero location Qomolt imo the A oo —T oma 2 ‘Take Re in Complement oe jhe Aceumolectore . INR A ¢ Inercementy te caeeumvlocorm to get tbe 2's complement STA 2065N ; Stone We 36 Complement ok 208m}. HUT é Halt he preogram.[B]_Compane, memory *mapped 10 end _wrapped TIO, _ _ |p eee i 7 _ _ —— [Mewored “wapred “fo To repped 6 1 "| “Th In Win device cddmeny | 4. En Win device Cdnenn “Tin 16-bit. Thu Ao to Rip linenl lp S-ttt "Tun Ao eA ore _vned to genernote, or Ag to Min linen one device _addrena . Uned to qenende device | Gddreenn, —|2 MEMR ond enw 2. TOR Gnd WOW Contncl ‘ [Leostro\ Signala ane tned| Signal cme Wned te te Contro| read Grd Wiel] Control read cmd Wrate To. Opencedionn , Tlo__ openctionn, 3B Tnotrwetasvy Gre + 3. Taetnuetion available cNailable Loh addr, STA owe IN Gad OUT. add, Mov MWR, eh T_ Dada Tromsber behueen Do Data treanobere i Coy devieen and Ho en accumulkclore devicen. ond To devices. 5 Maximum number 5. Metimum Number tlo devieen are | CBE oR to device one 26 G- Decodirg require G. Lesadeg reine mrore — horedwae- | Yeon hardware. hea [Cl Wht ane iv inlenreupt | the intterruptra available, sb. a : - > Totertupte One ee ia ~mietoprommoenn to homdle —exlerene| _ event ore anynchrownoun "Ce quent Pot require, _tenmodiale | atterthion When on intereuptys Ocewrap 4tRe micro procePOoL Sunpordo - Curercestt execution car) trannhena Control Specific \\ t indterceeupt Seaview _wovtine C1sR) + hewn le the telenpty. [he th Sopentn tv Typeo of Tneanupto. © RST (75) _ (Restart 75) = = Tin G wearable mlentopr wah Be higheot Preéorecty, ~ Thin qenecated using external — handwarne Signal . @RT_ 65 (Renlent 6.5). = This ip a woakble Mlerwet wb the Secand — highest: Prdonity. = Genenated ursing exkrenal _hondwane, Signal. atRST B.S (Reotuct 5.5) CWighest Pedoretty. Signal, Rate a weslgbie weweapt why Re id — (= Gewencded ning _externe| hardwene 4 *[@_INTR C teveenupt ce wert) = Morkeble inlereuct With lower _ Prvoréty \__\__\_\_\ = Gerenated by Gnnerting He INR Pin C08 Mieco cocaneere , 5) TRAP: = Vin i6 o0- Meniebe, meee With Res Towers} Priority : - Re ietereupt Veettore addrenn in 00244.GA@ Explain the Cocaph oF Sheek” SA Steak in on _cbotract data Type thet: How Re Lont-in- Piet out Principle, > Slack in in 808 cmicxcopreseannnore i implemented . by uning Seok Ponterc — egimterc Which __ q | Point 4p the eure “ep of Stack [re Stock Opercctens on two Primary Opencstions Push - "We Punk Openction in ftoned deda | Onto Re Stack. Pp - Me for Fion i uned tp fe cepruve Seite Re Steck, Oa Rete dota Prom Re wrerrony addrenn pointed oy We sp oO) Tnerement Be Velve of oF fo trem up Te Spacer. yyyiiy | + ay ¢ jyee ; . CB] Explain Arcithrmetic. ingtrucHion i GOR \) Sa Me 885 Micnoprocennar, providen oc Saf _ oh arcitRmelic ewtnuctions tad paabyrenn Vorioun —__atitRmestic, _Openertion on date T]_ Abd: “We ROD stnwetion olde te eo Speed operand fo Tig ren Bo renault in De GoeumulotoR, “end | Aeoumvlator. Sptex = ADD Sura EB SoB:- The SB inotrwction Sublrcets pe Content ee co Specé-bied operand Beom the Geeumulator cond Storery abe renults. Mm Gecumuledoe Lirrriy Sygokex: SOB Sources ZING "The INC imphwetion _tmewemenbs velue of Opercand by T- Sgererui~ INC Operornd il 1SWE on Egan eG Tak fo _ numberen Stowling __“preom leccshion go%ch to _loecclianvy Stessting Bream Sotsch — “goech to _loectionn 54 ‘LAL WW, 20mOW: Loade Re Sburew oddenn ito i HL teginlen Pai TE D,B050N: Locda Ke deptincdion cdduem TC inp Pe DE eginlere, Poirc rox GOAN 7 Load Re bop Counter Wit lo mnumberte. Ma A, OA. Noe Be voue of Te omerrorcy loeection Pointed by ey WL pair. STAM 7 Store We le. Brom Pe Geeumubdor, at tho cmnemnorey boeaction . [LINX A 7 Tneeoment Re Sourees { Gddrenmn Ngo 7 recommen} he destination, f addcennOcR 1B: Deerement Re loop Counter ganz Loop ; dump back to _lcop ip Be counter. in ‘ot Zero, : WUT » Holt The program execution GLO Stade “he dibferames, behoeen PUSH ond POP inatruction. fe Push, Por W Uned Jo Push Pe © Uned +o fop Be conlentn Contents of te regines| of ep wont Value brian Paice on Be Stack Pe Sock ond Store wom regialen ‘Pai. Odes wor Hel [Da deen wot abbectn Re Begn of 25 Re Pegs of g08b Amico procenwre CMICATOP LOCA DOT. Tk deercement @ Ty Trecemment Steck Steck _Pointerc by 2 Pointe by a[Lb] Explain Re genereolion of Crovtral Sal im 2086. [5 _1] trstwotion decoden: We tatwotion decod in manibl fore decoding Be ae oF Re e aoxeek ‘omliaiel cod gemecating __@oetna|__ Signals __cecorcdingly. Costa Unit. “the Cortreol Unit ‘teeeives Pe decoded —_ matnuction Re, motnuction _ decoders amd _qemerzalery Re, Control ___Signala needed to execvie, “Re, Inystrevestion. 3| “Tring cad Contr]: “Re Control Unit qemeroden Set ob Timing cand Contrco\_ sees hot rrequladers Be execution revs tecstion, Merrory Stotun Control CYde- Tom | S1|So__ & | wR | IR Opeode fetch ofits oft t Merrory Read © lilo o]t |4 Memory Wrest, Ojo 1 ° 1 Tlo wad 1 [to ol4 4 To_Weele Lilo i dio |1 _|Lintr Ack Lja{2 ii ° Qu, Idle oj[o!lo | 1Cl Draw he internal block diaqua, oF —_ | 8259 awd oxplein Re. Henestions ob eoch lec in deste’ 4" > = 1 + ee oor f _| — Dobber. | 4 | wm wR aie ES zee | 8? Po a C TRE CSAO_—| cancade ——— eset —| Dubben, | | IMR esa — i upts Input The 6269 Chip o> echt intereopt wapok oted 40 Vortéourn SourceThe IRR in Gm B bit Re borferecuspin Aat___are, ~_ | Serevieod by Meu. [Conjeol Leqic: Te Conbeol byic melden Nertioun — Comtreol__ reginler and Control Signals Rot ane used fo wemoge Pe oe I Cancade bbe: Whe 2b? Can be Conccded wit Ren 259 Chip > handle, rene. eg ivrlereuptn . AL@ Explain Mache level language and Geeembly "_\angutge- WAR example. Kino. Machine -level Tenguage alno Knoum Ga Machine codes» ip a low- level ROG coremin language ed dirceet| Catetoorls +o a matructions. 4 ex lo lloooo Woolo lo In in Sxempe, Re test § bile reprenem tho Opeode7 dow LDA instrwetionsLOA @omoll "LON" ip memento tere the LOAD Mahwetion —Amembl language, Provide GQ ore Convenient cmd recdable way to Wrest _Progrccwmn Compared to mache, -level language OL Been 2085 bun OnrgaralZection . T > The 685 mi connor han on 8-bit dota bua ond 6G ‘16-bit addrean buo Lghioh AegefRen, toom Be bon organization Adder bor T=. oa Daria bos = 2 v0 Control | [bun > —_t__ | rest peta @ Data Oy. We 6b data bos te Used tore trompberctin date. behwem The mien OF Gnd external devicen . f[@ fdiicem Bun Fe Io-bit cddwen ue in | Uped _Bore_Speesbying _-wermory loccsbione for IO Port _ad, con. Tk donuion “he Gddrens information needed +o aecenn rmomeny oe To devicas. @) Control (Zuo. Tn cdditics to Be data Gnd _addren, _bunen , Re 808 _-rni Conroe Cnn hen Sef op Custrel [Signcle Brot Corr{no| the ous of date. Gnd oddrem inbocmetion, Gf Wrate Q ae Count Covsrtimounly in _hexadecé mal EFH +o 00) ina Symmborn wih a -cbek Period a Nz. >_> _ ORG O0oohl_« [DELAY equ 2hoo; Deloy Velue fon I As | START:- Myre, FF; Smitictize te , @ wie FF Mvi A. FER; Imitelize A’ wih FRR LooP:- OUT OL; _Diaplag “Me veloe of f\ of} Fob CALL DELAY: deloy fore | tsINR Cj Inerement; Re Count in Regie ae, Mov A.@i Mae she. Cont rom tego fo eo ceormulatow GPL Con; Compare Pe Count with Coll 4 SNZ__Loop: ‘ | DELAY; Lxr BU, DeLay + Lead The deley ato weg. Pair SB DELAY_ Loop: Dex DB; Deenement the delay Cousiere Mo AB; Move Re delay @oumter fo Re Cdeumulatore ORA © Perborem & logical OR with} way. NZ DELAY- LOOP; Ret s Return from Be, Subroutine.BLO Am WHR 14 addrem Liner Nomberss ob Memory lecatanaee TA dd rcenr tires = 16.384 => foe 2KB "mernory Q2KR = 2*g' = 2"! _ o Addrens Emen Born 22 PmeNOEY 1 Addrenn limen ates requined . BL ORG Cool START : MVL ©, SCH; Lood BH mo reeg ten D MIE, AGH; Load AVH into reegistes E Rove 7 Add We Value im Be, accumulectore, Mov AD; Mwe te Volue from weg. D to the A INZ CHECK: Mr A, OLN; Locd or H wto A oJMp DISPLAY:TLLEery L\\ [ Cheek; 7 . OvT PORTO + ‘e — Me velue tn the A. ok | —__cuipet _parct_o DiseLAy : HLT: Holt We Pregnam PORTO eqn ol; Debine Re addrens, ob Oviput Pore O END Ol _Exdein Te ntereol Gleak diogream of 82560. ‘Feo Control Logie: "Te, Ganirol_Legic mekden Narccour Contra) meq ‘kee ond Control Signals tRct ane, _‘Uned Comrhiguee, ond, ronesncge Be Se of Re Chip, Datla Gun Dobfeo We Data Gos bobBen i _uned to _Bobhen the dota between Chip and CR Poet A> Pet A in om 83-bit bidirectional rio Port Bet Com be Contiqueed on Input ow, Output.\ \\ (fort O- Poet B in on B-bit bidimectional TO Pork, it _Gloo —inekden —_ @eerfreol Siqplos — STR and cLK , Pot ane _Uned hondshake- Operatiosvs. fant Gs Pet @ han lowe ond upper port bol used Pore dibbecomt Operations. Ne Set R gees "Wis made Set _ Regiske veed te gues orcas t Be Ghip. TE -teluden bit. Cont Word Reginteni- \ ‘Tho GWR «# Ubed to Canfiguce We. Operations of Be hip.B]@ Explain Me given pine of 86. ee OLE: ALE ip a Conbeol Signal fo Be 8086 __ -miereoprocenapet => Te eon Ovipet- Signal genercded Be _ cmicrtoprocnnee to indiede tRe cailatiiy — of Go Valid addres om the _oddrens bus. @) DEN CDete Enable) :- DEN if a Corrtrol Signal m tbe BORE Micreopreocedoow => Tt we aq output Signal Used to enable Do -téotdte buBbes om) Re dota bua. 6) _MW[MA == _(Mirarmom | Maximum mode) “Tat deleammen Be Cperctional mode, op Re micrcoprocernore «Tn Be minimum mode, Mv|MK ip Comected fo {round (Logic 0), indicating that Re. cmicrop tote moore, Opercadeo™ m a Stend- alon mode. Indie amaximom mode, ip Gowmected fo Vee (hegiet) , indicating tat Re Meu_ie beéng cned in rmultiptoce ovore Configureation.= |b Explain Re mode, ok p_Opeccection_ of et ee CeCe DAYMivienwm Mode! Tn dRe minimum mode, Be 86 ynicreo- | Pree o0re erates Gn a _tatemdalene Proceronore iit Presence, oF oy additonc| Procwmnoco Or Coprowernaortia. he Contech Signal, cddreon bum Gnd | dda bu diceotly Garmecited fo [ reo ond To deviees tm Re Sqriem | Moximum ede; In the rakimum mode , ake 086 “microprece we operotes ima renalfipreseanns Conbigucction ‘WAR _odditional Pwocwrnoref. The “wiertopreernnee in Uned an Re master Proednnon } ond one orm wore Slave Preocernmon ane Coemected +o it. TyQE=O 2 lain Re block diog ream ob WB “micwa- [ieee . = "To Memory Ee Eepot (Ovtpot on = a = 6 PA=Cegx Jol B | 6 Byte | “ie ene hetch | es 3 | weve $s 2 4(==) Tx Conte “We, Trbunion “Give, hich bold Segment edd __uned Joe omewerig flesens, im Unit(EU) "Re EU! Responsible Te exgouting imatwoton . If meludes ALU ond Re" oneal Gunpone Weginlen,, t Addrcerr enerahion Unit ( AG): "Wie AGU Caloolddes ebBeetwe cddnenn tore Menor} Opercatiocyy TR ore im aes aA with te Segment Registers +e flerenode, Pe Phypieal Cddresa bre BEANO “DS Gbak Genencatoo. he Clock genercatore lemertoken 2 oak Signale ined Me Propec Ponekioning of Be Niers- __ Pwewnnone - Tk Provides “We Meeennarcy 4 Aiming Joes matweton -€xeevtion __ and. Synchronization ok \ecdove wleameal Operations.