RANKERS STUDY MATERIAL THE IDEAL CORRESPONDENCE COURSE 2019 - 2021 and 2017 - 2021 (Phase - I) MATHEMATICS JEE MAIN & ADVANCED, 2021 CORRESPONDENCE PROGRAMS TWO YEAR | FOUR YEAR Straight LineCONTENTS JEE Syllabus Coordinate Geometry Locus Straight Line Bisectors of the Angles between two given fines Familiy of tines Pair of Straight Lines Rotation of Coordinate axes Answers to exercises Concepts & Formulae at a Glance Solved Problems Assignment Problems Answers to Assignment Problemsoho wham tes He o ae figs My 0g % tes yt. 5% tangent» aw thay ts #0 eet, s.,. ipkusertinn dh, Ome la. STRAIGHT LINE bg gana ain wl aa pan thin tla sh cam” Ay are tbs y # Ore Rectangular Cartesian co-ordinates, Distance between two points, Area of a triangle. Equation of a straight line in various forms, angle between two fines, distance of a point from a line, tines through the point of intersection of two given lines, concurrency of lines. Gs ( bier — bee) — bal PUTT ashe es Coordinate Geometry is the unification of algebra and geometry in which algebra is used in the study Is & of geometrical relations and geometrical figures are represented by means of equations. The most ! 25 6 ¢e popular coordinate system is the rectangular cartesian system. Coordinates of a point are the real variables associated in an order to describe its location in space. Here we consider the space to be two-dimensional, Through a point O, referred to as the origin, we take two mutually perpendicular lines XOX’ and YOY" and call them X and Y axes respectively. The position of a point is completely determined with reference to these axes by means of an ordered pair of real numbers (x, y) called the coordinates of P where [x| and [y| are the distances of the point P from the Y-axis and the X-axis respectively. x is called the x-coordinate or the abscissa of P and y is called the y-coordinate or the ordinate of the point P. Distance between two points: es Let A and B be two given points, whose © Boe.) 7 - coordinates are given by A(x, ys) and B(Xs, ya) respectively. Then a Palo. ABE (x) —x2) +(1-¥2)° x Section formula: Coordinates of the point P iding the join of two points A(x, ys) and B(X2, yz) internally in the given Maks + Bake Ras +e kathy’ he ction ae “Coordinates of the point P dividing the join of two points A(x1, ys) and B(x2, y2) extemally in the ratio Xa des — Ve ah oft te ar ) In both the cases, t/ha is postive de Notes: Ifthe ratio, in which a given line segment is divided, is to be determined, then sometimes, for convenience (instead of taking the ratio Ms: 4), we take the ratio Kk: 1. Ifthe ave 1 (RK Yat ¥e ees 22 RSM~192141721-P1-MA-Straight Line Definitions: = Centroid: The point of concurrency of the medians of a triangle is called the centroid of the triangle. The centroid of a triangle divides each median in the ratio 2 :1. The coordinates BRM, AEA) ahere Gy) Gn Yh 1) tho are given by G ( vertices of the triangle). = Orthocentre: The point of concurrency of the altitudes of a triangle is called the orthocentre of the triangle. The co-ordinates of the orthocentre of the triangle A(x, ys), BO, yo). Casa) are x taNA +X; tanB + xs tanC y;tanA +y2 tanB+y5 tanC ( tanA + tanB + tanC snArtanB+anC ) Incentre: The point of concurrency of the intemal bisectors of the angles of a triangle is called the incentre of the triangle. The coordinates of the incenttre are given by AX, +X, +0X3 ays + by + O¥9 (ptececcepurest ou ) where a, b and c aré length of the sides BC, CA. and AB respectively and (x:; ys) (Xa, Yz) (Xs. Ys) are the vertices of the triangle. = Circumcentre: The point of concurrency of the perpendicular bisectors of the sides of a triangle is called circumcentre of the triangle. The coordinates of the circumoenire of the triangle with vertices A(x, y:), B(Xz, Ya), CCK, ys) are (X:8iN2A + x2 8iN2B +x, sin2C _y, sin2A + yo sin2B + yy sin2C ( sin2A+sin2B+sin2e"”—_sindAsin2B+sin2c ) = Ifthe triangle is right angle then circumcentre is the mid point of the hypotenuse. Note: A = Centriod G, orthocentre H and Circumcentre P of a AABC are collinear and G Divides HP in the ite: HG:GP =2:1. Also, AH = 2PD. é a) c Mustration 1. If midpoints of the sides of a.triangle are (0, 4), (6, 4) and (6, Qj, then find the vertices of triangle, controid and circumeentre of triangle. Solution: : Nsw) . Let points A (xs, ys), B (Xa, Ya) and C (Xs, ys) be vertices of AABC. Xi $%5= 0,1 ys Yet X= 12, Yo o=8 Xy+ X= 12, ys + ye=O Solving we get A (0, 0), B (12, Opand C (0, 8). Hence AABC is right angled triangle. Boa) Theo.) fas k, . 2 6.0) a \ ‘Wegacoum Copnitions Prt 10d, 57, Ka Saray Barvapelya Vihar, New Deni 110 047, Emall: enqulry@imogacoamcognmion. com Website wer aegacormcogntions.comRSM_1921+1721-P4-MA-Straight Line 3 Circumicentee is midpoint of hypotenuse which is (6, 4) itself and (aoe Vit¥o+¥s -(4 Cre seas a centroid Mustration 2. Prove that the incentre of the trangle whose vertices are given by Afxs.y1),Btxzy3), Cla Ya) 2%; + Dy +05 By + Bs +O¥0 ath+e ' atb+e angles A, B and C respectively. } where 2, b, and c are the sides opposite to the Solution: 1, Ys) By geometry, we know that ae . 2 (since AD bisects ZA). If the lengths of the sides AB, BC and AC are c, a and b 5 BD_AB_c ly, thon 22 -AB respectively, then 22 = AB => Coordinates of D are{ 2X2 +%., BY2 +s bie "bie __a abape bre Bo ; o_o. (or)_ 1 Bbisects 28. J sores a oe Yale) 1A BA c c+b - Let the coordinates of-be(X, ¥) . ~ oh +by2 i BK + DX + 0% 5 _ BY + PY2 + CY. (using section formula). arbre azbte - - a Let (x1, ¥1), (x2, yz) and (xs, ys) respectively be the coordinates of the vertices A, B, C of a triangle ‘ABC. Then the area of triangle ABC, fs Then $fa(v2-¥5) +%0 (0-1) + OW] = ial MW sje et 2) Ks Ya 4 While using formuta (1) or (2), order of the points (xs, yi): (Xa, ya) and (a; ys) has not been taken into account. If we plot the points A(x, yx), B(%e, Ya) and © (xs, ys), then the area of the triangle as obtained by using formula (1) or (2) will be positive or negative as the points A, B, Care in anti-clockwise or clockwise directions, A A4 RSM~1921+1721-P1-MA-St So, while finding the area of triangle ABC, we use the formula: 4 | My [xs (Ye ~¥a)+%o (Ya ~¥1)+%9 (Ys ~ Yo] = Moduus of 3x, Yo" Xs Ys ‘Notes: mn | If three points (x, yi), (2, Ya) andl (xe, ya) are collinear, then hx, yg 4 Ixy Va = . 0 = Equation of straight line passing through (x:, Ys) and (x2, y2) is given by |x, y, 4 =0. Ke Ye 4 lm case of pagan wth Ge Be Ydontu ys) the aa is ven by live yon) + Gaya = Yate ns # a= AMa Y=) * eat Yo itustatio 3 (tr bet — Ur Git) : Prove that the circumcentre of a triangle whose vertices are given by A(x;, ys), B(x, y:) and Chea yulie (# Sin2A +x, Sin2B+ x, sin2C_ y,Sin2A+y,sin2B +Y> nee) he sin2A+sin2B+sin20_' . sin2A+sin2B+sin2C Solution: Alx, yi) Applying sine rule in AOBD and AOCD sin(x~2C) _sinx |, sin(x—2) _sinn—x) and S 8D r cD r = BD_ singe CDS sings Hence coordinates of of 28 + x5 sin2C sesh yeh) sin2B+sin2c* — sin2B+sin2C Again in AAOB and ABOD sin2c _sin(n/2-C) __, sin(n/2—A) Cn coosC _BDoosA OA __cvosC = COSA 5 OA _ oer OA OD OD BDcosA + gy BO Sine gy asin2c CD © sin2B ~~ sin2B+sin2C OA _ coosC(sin2B+sin2C) oD asin2CoosA asinC = csinA) ses orate 0 yin 2A 4X9 SiN2B+ xq SiNZCy,Sin2A +> sin2B+¥> saz) ‘sin2A+ sin2B + sin2C sin2A+sin2B +sin2C Mustration 4. The vertices of a quadritateral in order are (-1, 4), (5, 6), (2, 9) and (x, x7). The area of the quatirilateral is 15/2 sq. units, then find the point (x, x). ' ~ : \ ‘Wopacoes Copiion Pvt Ud 7, Fala Surat Sarvaprra Vr, Now Dal ii0 O17, Emall erauiyOnegicommcnpnionscom = ichit wwrm mosocoamecgniions. COMIRSM~1921+1721_P1_MA-Straight Line 5 ap 4|_i6 2 9) Ix 2 4 ab ae at ‘| $B sax ox +7225 Solution: ‘Area of quadrilateral = 28 + 33 + x? Ox+ ax +x] = fis ~oe-+7 “. 8x Bx - B= 0, 3x? - 8K + 2, =x Prove that the centroid of the triangle whose vertices are given by A(x;, y1),| Bia and Ci) respectively is (HE, Ye tve tHe) Prove that the area of the triangle with vertices at (p-4, p+5), (p+3, p-2) and (p, P) remains constant as p varies and explain the result . Show that the lines 3x - 4y + 5 = 0, 7x - By + 5 = 0 and 4x + Sy = 45 are| concurrent, Prove that orthocentre of AABC with A(x, y,), Bixs ys) and C(x, ys is| pf ertand Yyystana) tana’ S\tana J When a point moves in a plane under certain geometrical conditions, the point traces out a path, This path of a moving point is called its locus, Locus: Equation of Locus: ‘The equation to a locus is the relation which exists between the coordinates of any point on the path, and which holds for no other point except those Jying on the path Procedure for finding the equation of the locus of a point (tf we are finding the equation of the focus of a point P, assign coordinates (h, k) to P. (i) Express the given conditions as equations in terms of the known: quantities to facilitate calculations, We sometimes include some unknown quantities known as parameters. (ii) Eliminate the parameters, so that the equation contains only h, k and known quantities, = (iv) Replace i by x, and k by y, in the equation. The resulting equation would be the equation of the locus of P. (¥) {fx and y coordinates of the moving point are obtained in terms of a third variable t (called the parameter), eliminate t to obtain the relation in x and y and simplify this relation. This will give the required equation of locus. . ‘Nagacove Copnitions Pvt tad, 37, Kata Sarah Savapriva Vihar, New Dell -110 047, Emall 7 engulrymegacosmcogiitions Hebei wmnemegacosmengaitioas comRSM~192141721—P1-MA-Straight Line Mustration 5. Find the locus of a point which is equidistant from the point (1,1,1) and (-1,3,4). ‘Solution: _ Pla... Let Point be P = (a, B, y) => PA’ = PB? 3 (@- 1+ B- 1+ 7 AP= (a4 IP + B—3F + ah 4.3.4) = (att)? ~ (a 14(8 = 3 ~~ 1 (y= 4) =r 170 = 4a 4B — 6y +23 = Locus is 4x — 4y - 6z + 23=0 Att) Find the focus of the moving point P such that 2PA = 3PB where A is (0, 0) and] Bis (4,-9. The co-ordinates of three points 0, A, B are (0, 0), (0, 4) and (6, 0) respectively. A point P moves so that the area of the triangle POA Is always, twice the area of the triangle POB. Find the locus of P. Find the locus of a point which moves so that the sum of its distances from (3, 0) and (-3, 0) is less than 9. The ends of # rod of fength ¢mave an two mutually perpendicular lines. Find the locus of the point on the rod, which divides it in the ratio 2: 1. Two points Pa, 0) and Q(-a, 0) are given and R is a variable point on one side| of the line PQ such that ZRPQ - 2 RQP is a positive constant 2a. Show that the locus of R is x’ - y’ + 2xy cot2a—a* = Straighttine:— Any first degree equation of the form Ax + By + C = 0, where A, B, C are constants always represents a straight line (at least one out of A and B is non zero). Slope: If @ is the angle at which a straight line is inclined to the positive direction of x axis, slope of the line is m=tan®, 0.5 0 < 180° (0 + 20" ) : Intercept of a straight line on the axis: If a line AB cuts the x-axis and y-axis at A and B respectively and 0 be the origin then OA and OB with proper sign are called the intercepts of the line AB on x and y axes respectively. Notes: wm, _ If we say that the length of intercept of a line on x-axis is 3, it means that intercept on anes x-axis is either 3 or ~3. . {intercept of a line on x-axis -3, then length of intercept of axis is |-3 | = 3. aes : . | eased Copnons Pr Uk, BY, ata Saray, Srvaripa Vt, Rew De T0 O17, Fall: enaai VB WeDRCORACPRION j incoone! wu mogensmcogntions. comRSM_1921¢1721-P1-MA-Straight Line i ELUTE TTS Note: Slope-Intercept Form : yemx+e, Where _m = slope of the line = tand = y intercept Intercept Form : wla+ yib=1 Xx intercept roept 0.b) Normal Form : x cosa. + y-sina = p, where o: is the angle which the perpendicular to the line makes with the axis of x and p the length of the perpendicular from the origin to the 5 line. p is always positive. Slope Point Form: Equation: y - ys = r(x -%;), is the equation of line pa having the slope‘m’ Two Points Form: Equation: y-y, 8 =H (X-x;), is the equation of line passing through two points : 2K through the point (x;, ys) and (Kr, ys) and (Xa, yo). Parametric Form: _ ea To find the equation of @ straight line which passes 5 through a given point A(h, k) and makes a given angle A“e 6 with the positive direction of the x-axis. P(x, y) is any ok) point on the line LAL’. Let AP=r, x—h=rcos®, y-k=rsind x-h_y-k ‘c088 sind ‘Any point on the line will be of the form {hr cos0, kr sind), where | r | gives the distance of the point P from the fixed point (h,k). the equation of the straight line LAL’. If point P is taken relatively upward to A then r is positive otherwise negative. If parallel to x-axis then for the point right to A, ris positive and for left to A, r is negative ETT aT TTS TTT TS Slope-tntercept For To reduce the equation Ax + By + C = 0 tothe for y= mx +c : \ _ ‘Tagatonm Cogetions Prt td, 57, Kala Saal, Sorvapriya Vtat, Now Dalit “I10 G47, Email: enquiry @magacoamcognlans com imepacosmcognitins.comt ‘weber twRSM~1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line Given equationis Ax + By +C=0 y= > which is of the form y = mx + ¢ where m = 4. o=-8 (Bz0) © G B Note: Slope of the line Ax + By + C = Ois, A ie {2 ), y intercept of the ine =o. = Intercept Form: Toreducethe enuatin Ac + By + C=0t0 the fom ¥ + ¥=1 This reduction is possible only when C #0 Given equation is Ax + By = -C. | = 1 which is of the form * + a Note: = Intercept on the x-axis = , Intercept on the y-axis = g. Thus intercept of a straight line ‘on the x-axis can be obtained by putting y = 0 in the equation of the line and then finding the value of x. Similatty, intercept on the y-axis can be obtained by putting x=0 and solving for y. Normal Form: To reduce the equation Ax + By + C = 0 to the form xcosa. + ysina = p Given equation is Ax + By + C = 0 Or, Ax + By=-C A B x+y = Va? ep? Va? 4B? Va? 4B? A B < — se Pe VA? +B? VA? +B? VA? 4B? Case Il: When -C <0, then write the equation as -Ax By = “A 8 c eo Var+B? Va? +B?) Va? +B? As 8 sina = —8 la +B Case |: When —C> 0, then normal form is, where cosa = sina =. whore cosa =——=A__ a? +B? Note: . = Inthe normal form xcosa. + ysina = p, pis always taken as positive. Mustration 6. Reduce the line 2x - 3y + 5 = 0, in slope-intercept, intercept and normal forms. Solution: ' 2x. 3 | c VA? +B? | i .. Slope-intercept Form: y =my Ss Normal Form: -2, 5¥ .8 V3 43 Ais 3 ~ sina =-2., cosa => v3 3 Mlustration 7. Find the equations of the lines which pass through the point (3, 4) and the sum of their respective intercepts on the axes is 14. Solution: Let the equation f the line be + ¥ =1 0 This passes through (3, 4), therefore «i Iis given that a+b=14=>b=14-a. Putting b= 14 -a For a=7, b= 14-7 =7and fra=6, b= 14~6=8, Putting the values of a and 6 in (), we get the equations of fines and £+Fat or x+y= Tand 4x4 3y=26, Mustration 8. ‘A rod of stetis fixed at A (4, 0) and a toy is placed on it at B (0, 4). Now rod is rotatéd about A through an angle of 15° in clockwise direction, then find the new position of a toy. Solution: Let new position of a toy be ©. 4-0 ° Slope of AB= 51 =-1 => 4= 1365 Rod is rotated through 18" in clockwise direction. One = 135° — 15° = 120° ABE 42 =>h=4,k=0 Hence C = (h + rcos 6, k + rsin ®) = (4+ 42 cos 120°, 0 + 4.2 sin 120°) = (4-22, 26). ‘Mustration 9. if the straight line through the point P (3, 4) makes an angle 7/6 with the x-axis and meets the line 12x + 5y + 10 = 0 at Q, find the iength of PQ. Solution: The equation ofa line passing through P {3, 4) and making an angle 1/6 with the x-axis is ¥—4 +, where r represents the distance of any point on this line from the given sin® 6 "Hepecosm Copntions Pt it, 57, Kala Swat sarvapriya Vibar, New Deiit 140 027, Email Website wane segacoemcognions.comRSM~19214172 A-Straight Lit x x4) point P(3, 4). The co-ordinates of any point Q on this line are {roost +3, ring +4) Hf Qlies on 12x + 5y +1 Mustration 10. 1213 +5 7B) fact 0, then fate +5(4+5) 10-0 ~132 132 = length Pa = : 12¥3 +5 A canal is 4% kms from a place and the shortest route from this place to the canal is exactly north-east, A village is 3 kms north and 4 kms east from the place. Does it lie on canal? Solution: Let AB bé the canal and O be the given place. Let L be the foot of perpendicular from © to AB. Given, OL = 9/2. And ZAOL = 45°. Now equation of fine AB will be y xcos45° + ysind5* = 9/2 North Orxty=9N2 (1), Let $ be the given village, then S= (4, 3), Putting x=4 8 and y = 3 in equation (1), we get 4 + 3'= 92, which is not true. Thus the co-ordinates of S doesn't satisfy equation (1) and hence the given village does not lie on gst the canal. ° x a IEEE Find the equation of the straighttine which makes an angles of 15° with the] positive direction of x-axis and which cuts an intercept of length 4 on the| negative direction of y-axis. A line joining two points A(2, 0) and B(3, 1) is rotated about A in the| anticlockwise direction through an angle of 15°. Find the equation of the line] in the new position. If B. goes to C, in the new position, what will be the| coordinates of C. If the image of the point (2, 1) with respect fo the line mirror be (5, 2), find the ‘equation of the mirror. Find the equation of the straight line which passes through the point (3, 2) and whose slope is 3/4, Find the co-ordinates of the points on the line that are 5| units away from the point (3, 2). A line through the origin intersects x = 1, y =2 and x +y = 4, in A, B and C respectively, such that OA. OB.OC = 82. Find the equation of the line. If a, b and c be p", q” and 1” terms respectively of an H.P. then show that the| points (be, p), (ca, q) and (ab, r) are collinear. Position of two points with respect to a given line: Let the given line be ax + by + ¢ = 0 and P(x, ys), Q(X2, Yz) be two points. If the quantities ax; + bys:+ © and axe + bys + ¢ have the same signs, then both the points P and Q'lie on the'same N ‘Meghcoam Cognitions PVE Ltd, 57, Kala Sarat, Sarvaprya Vinay, New Delbt 110 017, Emails cnquiey@magacoamcogniUons.com i \ ‘Website! mun megacormcogaltions.comt N memRSM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line 1 side of the line ax + by + 0=00. Ifthe quantities ax; + by; + ¢ and axe + bys + ¢ have opposite signs, then they lie on the opposite sides of the line. Mustration 11. Find the range of @ in the interval {0, x) such that the aint (3, 8) arid (sin6, cos6) tie on the ‘same side of the line x+y - 1 = 0. a Solution: ane Here 3+5-1=7>0 Hence sind + cos0-1 > 0 29 = sin(nld + 0)> 12 => wld < wld + 0 < BA =9 0< 0 < 02. COTTE OES ETL SS y=mK+cy If 0 is the acute angle between two lines, then tand = recta = ‘where m; and m; are the slopes of the two fines and are finite. = Ifthe two lines are perpendicular to each other then mim, = -1 = Anyline perpendicular to ax + by +6 Qs of the form bx — ay +k = 0 If the two fines are parallel or coincident, then m, = me. _Any line parallel to ax + by + ¢ = is of the form ax + by + “Tf any of the two lines is perpendicular to x-axis, then the slope of that line is infinite, Let ms = co, Then tand = oF @ = [90° - al where tana. = m2 | 1 +m, m2 i.e, angle @ is the complimentary to the angle which the oblique line makes with the x-axis. Mlustration 12. Find the equation to the straight line which is perpendicular bisector of the line segment AB, where A, B are (a, b) and (a’, b) respectively. Solution: Equation of AB is yb = ie. yla’— a) ~ x(b' —b) = ab - ab Equation to the line perpendicular to AB is of the form - (iby +a tk=0 1) Since the midpoint of AB lies on (1) wo) o'-0(252}+4-0. Hence the required equation of the straight fine is \ aoe gcse ognos Pr Tl 7 Raa Sl Soaps Var, Rey Ba E50 07, tall aniyOmepeRDTOON, fa meyecoumeogntions.com42. RSM-1921+1721-P4. 2(b' - by + 2(a! -a)x = (b”-b? + a” - a’). Equation of Straight Lines.passing through a given point and equally inclined to a given fine: Let the straight lines passing through the point (x;, ys) and make equal angles with the given straight line y= mix +6. I'm is the slope of the required line and «.‘s the angle which this line makes with the given line, then tana = 2. ™=™ i Temm ‘The above expression for tana, gives two values of m, say ma and mp. Oy) The required equations of the lines through the point (x, y;) and making qual angles a with the given line are y - yi = mak ~ Xi) | a Y— Ys = Mo(x - x;) Bs Mustration 13. Find the equation to the sides of an isosceles right-angled triangle, the equation of whose hypotenuse is 3x + 4y = 4 and the opposite vertex is the point (2, 2). Solution: “The problem can be restated as: Find the equations to the straight lines passing through the given point (2, 2) and making equal angles of 45° with the given straight line 3x + 4y=4=0, Slope of the line 3x + 4y-4 = Ois my = -3/4. m43/4 - G2) 4 ma= t,and p= 7 m, Hence the required equations ofthe two lines are ¥-2= ma {K- 2) and y~2= max - 2) => Ty-x>12=Oand 7x+y = 16. Length of the Perpendicular from a Point on a Lin ‘The length of the perpendicular from P(x;, ys) on ax + by + ¢= ‘The length of the perpendicular from origin on ax + by +c = Ois The distance between two parallel lines: The distance betwoen two paral ines ax + by ¥cx= O and ax + by + o,= 01s EL=S2l, fats \ ala? eb? , \ ‘ \ “Hagacasm Copntions Prt. Lid, 57, Kala Baral, Sarvapriva Vika, New Dell 110 017, Emly enquiry@mmgacaamcogn hone om runs megacormeagnhions.comRSM_1921+4721-P1-MA-Straight Line, #8 I Mlustration 14, Thee tines x + 2y + 3 = 0, x + 2y ~7 = 0 and 2x—y ~ 4 = 0 form 3 sides of two squares. Find the equation of remaining sides of these squares: Solution: Distance between the two parallel lines is [7 +3) I 3 2V5. The equations of sides A and C are of the form 2x ~ y + k =.0. Since distance betwoen sides A and B = distance between sides, k- Bandc t= 26 V5 ke4 = SS = 4V6 k= 6-14, | % ~ Hence the fourth sides of the two squares are () 2x-y+6=0, (i) x-y-14=0. Notes: ‘= In order to find the foot of the perpendicular from a given point to & given fine, the most convenient method is to write the equation of the perpendicular in the parametric form. Then put r = the algebraic length (without the modulus) of the perpendicular = p. In this way, we {get the foot of the perpendicular directly. = To find the mirror image of a given point in 2 given.tine, we use the same process, taking r= 2p Mustration 15. Find the foot of the perpendicular drawn framt the point (2, 3) to the line 3x- 4y + 5 = 0. Also, find the image of (2, 3) in the given fine, Solution? nee Let AB = 3x-4y +5 =0, P= (2,3) and PM LAB. Slope of AB =. slope of PM = = = tand (689) 3 4 = sino=2, cose- > 5 3x2-4x345 _ 61245 9416 s 5 foot of the perpendicular, M is given by =(o4 4 ing) = (58, 72 om=(2- dena, aod) (8, 2) Let Q be the image of P ae (2 Ze, 32a) +{S2-22) \ : X . .! N a RT ES RAL Om ae h i ee ee Now, r= pobtuse angle and the other one will be the bisector of the acute angle. 1“ RSM_1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line EOOEE tthen the bisector taker 1+ mimy tane the bisector of the {€.0'< tand < 4 then the bisector taken is the bisector of the acute angle and the other one will be the bisector ofthe obtuse angle. If two lines are a; x + by + o; #0 and a:xt bey + ¢2 = 0, then AX + DY +O) | BX+ bY HCD faz+b? = fa? +b? angle between the lines accerding as cxcx(ayar + bibz) is negative or positive. will represent the equation of the bisector of the acute or obtuse \ ‘Meaatqem Cogaitions Pvt. Ltd, 57, Fal Surat, Sarvaprira Via, Now Delhi “110 O17, Email: engulY@oregacoomcoganians. com Website wer-megococmeogn/tOns.com \RSM_192144721-P1-MA-Straight Line 5 The equatior e bisector of the angle containing the origin: ‘Write the equations of the two tines so that the constants ; and ¢, become positive. Then the equation SHADY +E) _ MaKt ba #6 ate feds 08 is the equation of the bisector contairiing the origin. Remarks: 1» If a1ae + bide <0, then the origin wil le in the acute angle and if axae + bib, > 0, then origin will le in the obtuse angle. = The remark () is helpful in finding the equation of bisector of the obtuse angle or acute angle directly, The equation of the bisector of the angle which contains a given point: ‘The equation of the bisector of the angle between the two lines containing the point (a.8) is aKrby +e, aXt bey +p 9 a+ dy- bytes Cy ayxt tat se and a2 ¢ + by6 + ézare of the same signs or of opposite signs. Mustration 16. For the straight ines 4x+ 3y ~ 6 = 0 and 5x + 12y + 9 = 0, find the equation ofthe (0. bisector of the obtuse angle between them. (i) bisector of ihe acute angle between them. (i) bisector of the angle which contains (1, 2) Solution: Equation of biocors ofthe als betwen the given Ines ere 4x+3y Sx+12¥ +9 _, 9 _7y—41 = Oand 7x + 9y~3=0. Wiese Pa If @ is the acute angle between the line 4x + 3y ~ 6 = 0 and the bisector 9x ~ 7y- 41 = 0, then tan =| —, = Sot 44 1 Hence (i) The bisector of the,obtuse angle is 9x ~7y — 41 = 0 (i) The bisector of the acute angle is 7x + 9y-3=0 (ili) The bisector of the angle containing the origin Ax 3y46 _ 5x 412y +9 a 6 SHAN HO 7K 4 Gy 320 P+ eayr 12 () For the point (1, 2), 4x + 3y-6=4x1#3x2-6>0 BK + fay #9=5x1412x249>0 Hence equation of the bisector of the angle containing the point (1, 2) is 4x +3y x + 12y +9 EES: 8 = 9x-7y=41=0. . ' 2 oe 2-79 ; ‘wagon Copntions ve Lad, 57 aa ay Sea iar, aw at 20 17, Gal: Sng epnanepToO A ‘Webaite ! war mapacoemeogntions.comEE eo aco Cantons Pi 5 Kats Bg, See a, Re Daf 7, mal cngarYOnapoosaeoP TOTS co Alternative: Making C; and Cz positive in the given equations, we get ~4x— By +6 = Oand 5x + 12y + Since aaz + bib, = -20 ~36 = -56 < 0, so the origin will lie in the acute angle. Hence bisector of the acute angle is given by TAR= 8946 KH 19 re gyn3 Va? 43? V5P +12? * Similarly bisector of obtuse angle is 9x — 7y ~ 41 = 6. The equation of reflected ray: 1X + biy + 6; = O be the incident ray in the line mirror mx + bay + 2 =0. Let Ls be the reflected ray from the line L2. Clearly L-will be one of the bisectors of the angles betweén L; and Ls. Since Ls passes through A, $0 Ly =L + Als =0. Let (h, k) be a point on L. Then, | ah+bk+e, |_| ahtbk+o, +A(agh+bk +02) | Jaf +b? lai +Aa,) +(b, +b.) Since (h, k) ies on Lz, ach + bik + 62 = 0 =o ay? + ay? 2? + 2ayarh +b}? + b2A? + 2bba = ay? + by? ~2(arae+ bybe) ao : But .= 0 gives Ls= Ly. Hence La Ly -20i82 FP) 1, Ag ag+ bp Note: Reflected ray Ls is also called the mirror image of L; in Lp or he Mlustration 17. A ray of light is sent along the line x— 2y - 3 = 0. Upon reaching the line 3x ~ 2y- 5 ray is reflected from it. Find the equation of lire containing the reflected ray. Solution: =X-2y-9=0; Ly 3x-2y-5=0 Ly=«-2y- = 2048) x -2y-5)=0 =2 29x -2y~31=0. ‘The general equation of the family of lines through the point of intersection of two given lines is L + AL’ = 0, where L = 0 and L’ = 0 are the two given lines, and 2 is a parameter. Conversely, any line of the form L; + 4 Lz = 0 passes through a fixed point which is the point of intersection of the lines Ly = 0 arid L. = 0. y NX Website sweramegacosmcognitons.comRM-1921+1721-P1_-MA-Straight Line a = The family of lines perpendicular 40 a given line ax + by + ¢ = where kis a parameter. = The family of linés parallel to a given line ax + by + 0 =.0 is given by ax + by + k= 0, where kis parameter. is given by bx-ay+k = 0, Mlustration 18. Consider the family of lines (2 + 7A)x — (1 + 2k)y ~ (1 + 52) =O and 3(4 + n)x— (1 + 2y)y ~ 2(2 +) = 0. Find the equation of line that belongs to both families Solution: Lines (2+ 7a)x —(1 + 2a)y~ (1 +52) = O-are concurrent at (1, 1) and lines 3(1 + y)x — (1 + 2u)y ~ 2(2 + 41) = 0 are concurrent at (2, 2). Thus equation of line passing through those points are x = y: One Parameter Family of Straight Lines: a If a linear expression L; contains an unknown coefficient, then the ine Ly =0 can not be a fixed line. Rather it represents a family of straight lines known as one parameter family of straight lines. e.9. family of lines paralie! to the x-axis i.e. y = c and family of straight lines passing through the origin ie. y= mx, Each member of the family passes through a fixed point. We have two methods to find the fixed point. Method (i): Let the family of straight lines be of the form ax + by + c = 0 where a, b, ¢ are variable parameters: satisfying the condition al + bm + cn = 0, where |, m, n are given and n + 0. Rewriting the condition as at}. oZ}+e =0, and comparing with the given family of straight lines, we-find. that each (3) nen) Mustration 19. If the algebraic sum of pempendiculars from n given points on a variable straight line is zero then prove that the variable straight line passes through a fixed point. Solution: Let n given points be (x: yi) where i axe tyre=0 grontat 3 m2) =0 TL va? +b? . member of it passes through the fixed 1,2....nand the variable straight line is - Hence the variable straight line always passes through the fixed point | Method (ii): If a family of straight lines can be written as L;+ AL, = 0 where L,, Lo are two fixed lines and 7, is a \ parameter, then each member of it will pass through a fixed point given by point of intersection of. i { L,=Oand Ly=0.RSM-192141721-P1-MA-Straight Line Note: . = IfL;=0 and L,=Oare parallel ines, they will meet, at infinity Mlustration 20. Prove that each member of the family of straight lines (Bsind + 4cosé)x + (2sind - Zoosdy + (sin8 + 2c0s6) = fixed point, (0c a parameter) passes through a Solution: ‘The given family of straight lines can be rewritten as (3x + 2y + 1)sin0 + (4x —Ty + 2)o088 ‘or, (4x — Ty + 2) + tand (3x + 2y + 1)= Owhich is of the form Ly +2 Lo= Hence each member of it will pass through a fixed point which is the intersection of (12 } Axo Ty + 22 Dend &x+2y41=0 Le[>, 55 Concurrency of Straight Lines: ‘The condition for 3 lines ayxtbyy + c= 0, axx + bry + c= 0, asx + byy#cs=0 to be concurrent is la: by, of (i) [a2 be - foe Ds cy (i) There exist 2 constants m, n (not all zero at the same time) such that Ly+ mlz + nLs = 0, ‘where L = 0, La =0 and La = 0 are the three given straight lines. (ii) The three tines are concurrent if any one of the lines passes through the point of intersection of the other two lines. - (Umistration 21.—— - If the line ax + + 1= 0, x+ by +1=0 and x ++ c=0 (a, b and c being aistinct and different from (1)) are concurrent, then prove that (a - 1)(b~ 1)(c- 1) = 2 a~) ab ~ 3. Solution: 14 Since the lines are concurrent => |1_b 1] =0 1 1 ¢ la-1 1-b 0 =| 0 b-1 t-c/=0 (R,>Ri—Reand Re Rr—Rs) 1 106 = (1 b)(1 =e) tla 1)(1 c) + ofa 1K(b— 1) = 0 1) + (a-1)(e- 1) + cfa- 1b ~ 1) = = (a~1)(b ~ 1Xe— 1) = 2fa + b + ¢) (ab + be + ac) —3. \ ‘Megatoam Cognition Pvt, Ltd, 57, Kalu Sara} Sarvapciva Vikar, New Dell 110 017, Email: enquiry OmegacosmcOgnivOns.cOr Website fnmemogacosmeagniions. com ‘RSM~-19211721-P1-MA-Straight Line 19 ? Find the equation of a straight line passing through the point (4, 5} and| equally inclined to the lines 3x = 4y + 7 and Sy = 12x +6. @ Find the equation of the bisector of the obtuse angle between the lines} x= 2y +420 and 4x—3y+2=0. Wi) Find the equations of the lines which pass through the point of intersection o the lines 4x ~ 3y - 1 =0 and 2x - Sy + 3 = O and are equally inclined ta the axes. Wy)“ Asstraight line cuts intercepts from the axes of co-ordinates the sum of the| reciprocals of which is constant. Show that it always passes through a fixed] point. ) Find the equation of straight line which passes through the point of intersection of 3x + 4y = 7 and 4x ~ 3y = 1 and Is inclined at 135° with negative| LEE Sy The combined equation of a pair of straight lines Ly = ayx + by + Gr = 0 and Lo= axx + by +07 0 ig (ax + biy + €1) (ape + bry + C2) = 0 4. Lile = 0, Opening the brackets and comparing the terms with the terms of general equation of 2" degree ax® + 2hxy + by’ + 2gx +2fy + c= 0, we can get al the following results for pair of straight lines. The general equation of second degree ax’ + 2hxy + by’ + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0 represents a pair of hog straight lines if A = b f| =0 andh’ 2 ab £ od = abe-+2igh - af? - bg’ - ch? = Gand. h?: . The homogeneous second degree equation ax’ + 2hxy + by’ = O-tepresents a’pair of straight fines through the origin if H@> ab. _ i the fines through the origin whose joint equation is & and y’+ Baye ge 0 are identical, so that + dhxy + by ), are y = myx and y= mx, then y? > (my + mz)xy + mmx’ an a bem If @:be the angle between two lines, through the’or 7 — {eri +m)" - Amma _ , 2vhP ab Temmy avb The lines are perpendicutar if a + b = 0 and coincident if h* = ab. In the mote general case, the lines represented by ax” + 2hxy + by? + 2gx + 2ly + ¢ = 0 will be perpendicular if a + b = 0, parallel if the terms of second degree make a perfect square i.. ax* +2hxy + by? gets conyerted into (I1x + my)", coincident if the whole equation makes a perfect ‘square i.€. ax” + 2hxy +by* + 2gx +2fy + c can be written as (Ix + my + n)* m +m, = then tang = + Not = Point of intersection of the two lines represented by ax**2hucy+by”+2gx+2fy+c=0 is obtained 5 ions & at a by solving the equations = ax + hy +9=0 and © = hx + by +f = O.where denotes the y solving the equations = ax + hy +g ® +f Owens ‘agacoom Cognitians Pvt Ld, 7, Kalu Sura, Sarcapriya Vinar, New Oeihi 140 017, Emails enquiry OmepacasmerGnbione oy ‘Website: www magacoemcagatlons.comt20 RSM-~1921+1721-P1_MA-Straight Line derivative of f with respect to x, keeping y constant ana denotes the derivative of f with respect to y, keeping x constant. The fact can be used in spliting ax? + by* + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy + ¢ = 0 into equations of two straight tines. With the above method, the point of Intersection can be found. Now only the slopes need to be determined. It should be noted that the line ax + hy + g = 0 and hx + by + f = 0 are not the lines represented by ax? + 2hxy + by” + 2gx + 2fy + ¢ =.0. These are the'lines concurrent with the lines represented by given equation. (Homogenisation) Joint equation of pair of lines joining the origin and the points of intersection of a curve and a line: If the fine 1x + my + n=, ((n-+ 0) Le. the line does not pass through rn origin) cuts the curve ax’ + 2hxy + by’ + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0 at two points A and B, then the joint equation of straight lines passing through A and B and the origin is given by homogenizing the equation of the curve by the equation of the line. i. oe ay? «C6 a (EH) Pte Ye 8 } = Dis the ‘equation of the lines OA and OB Ql Mtustration 22. : The chord V6 y = 8 px + V2 of the curve py’ * 1 = 4x subtends a right angle at origin then find the value of p. “Solittion: . = ae ‘V8 y — 2px = 1 is the given chord, Homogenizing the equation of the curve, we get, py? =4x(f3 y= 2px) + (V3 y - 2px} = 0 => (4p? + Bp)" + (p + 3)y?— 4.43 xy-— 4/3 pxy =O. Now, angle at origin is 90° Coefficient of x? + coefficient of y? = 0 - Apt + Bp + p+ 3=0— 4p? + 9p + px 29st V8I=48 | -92.VI3 8 8 Sram Find the angle between the pair of straight lines x’ — 5xy + 47’ + 3x-4=0 A variable tine through the point of intersection of the lines x/a + y/b=1 and fb + yla = 1 meets the coordinate axes in A and B. Show that the locus of the midpoint of AB Is the curve: 2xy(a + b) = ab(x + y). Find the centroid, the in-centre, the circum-centre and the orthocentre of the| triangle whose sides have the equations 3x - 4y = 0, 12y *5x= 0 and y~ 15 Find the orthocentre of a triangle the coordinates of whose vertices A, B, C are| (atite alts + to), (ata, a(te + t)) and (atst, afts + t) respectively. S$ ———————————————— ‘Megaconm Copnitions Pt. Ud, B7, Kats Sarat Sarvapriya Vihar, Now Delhi -ii0 O17, Ema enqaity@megacosmcogniionscom Webeite t rawimegacosmcognliots.com \ \J i RSM-1921+1721-P1_MA-Straight Line : 2 Equations of Angular Bisectors: Joint equation of angular bisectors of the pair of fines ax” + 2hxy + by? = 0 is Rotation of Co-ordinate Axes: If the co-ordinate axes is rotated through an angle 0 (anticlock wise direction) without shifting the origin © then a point P whose coordinate w.r.t both system are (x, y) and {X, Y);then coordinate of both system are connectéd to each other by (x + iy) = (X + iY)e" By equating real and imaginary part of above equation we get (x, y} in terms of (X, Y) and @ and vice versa. \ . eae ante le eee2 nnswenstonccist Exercise 1: i) Exercise 2: 0 iy Exercise 3: o i (iv) Exercise 4: (i) (iv) 7) Exercise 5: @ Gi — Ww) w Exercise 6: @ i) w) RSM-1921*4724-P1-MA_Straight Line Explanation: As p Varies, the same triangle shifts Its position in space. Hence area remains the same Bx? + Sy ~ 70x + Sy #225 = 0 20x? + 36y? < 405 =(2-V3 x-4 y= V3 (x-2),C be &) 4y- 9x +150, (7, 8) and (4, -1) Dw ty=s5 w O) Gil) w) 2xy(ma— bi) + x(an ~ Ie) + y(me— bn) = 0 % 9 Ty=1 or 7x + 9y=73 YEX Kt? ‘The line passes through the pais e (a, alts + te + ts + titty). , 8), (-8, 63/2), (0, ~ aii) i) ® 33) (By) (x+3y) = 0 xe¥e 49 Beye 12 yex (4 V8)x = (8-215)y +(2-4V5}= 0 (x+y) ab =2xy (a +b). ‘Hogacoam Gognitions Pet. Lid, BY, Kalu Sara, Sareaptiva Viner, New Dei) 130 OF7, mall: engulryOmapacoamcogniions com ‘Webete wenmegecosmcogntionscomRSM=1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line 23 MEE concer rornuwarcinnce a 4. Different form of a Straight line () The equation of the straight line passing through the point P(x,, ¥1) and Q(x, ya) is xy BM O-n) or, IX ] Ke Yo 4 wi) ‘The equation of the straight line passing through the point P(x;, y:) and having slope m (inclined at m angle @, with m = tan0, to the positive direction of the x-axis) is Y=¥r= M(x —%%). (ii) The equation of the straight line with m and intercept c on the y-axis is y= mx +c. (v) The equation of the straight ine making intercepts a and b on the x-axis’ and the y-axis respectively is =0. =1 ab (v) The equation of the straight line, for which the length of the perpendicular from the origin is p ‘and the perpendicular makes an angle a with the positive x-axis, is x cosaty sina = p. (vl) The equation of the line passing through the point P(x;, y;) and making an angle @ with the positive x-axis is 21. Y-vs (paramettic form) c0s0 sind where ris the distance of any point (x; £ r C088, y1 +r sind) on the line from P(x:, ys) 2. Position of a point w.r.t. a line A point A(x: ys)lies on the tine ax +by +0 = Oifax: + by; +c =0. The points A(X, ys) and B(x, ya) lie on the same side of the line ax + by c= Oif ax: + by: +6 and axa + bys + chave the same sign. Thé points A(x, ys) ahd B(x, y2) lies on the opposite sides of the line ax + by += Difax; + by; +c and ax. + bye +6 are of opposite signs. 3. Angle between two lines () Let ebe the acute angle, between two straight lines y = m,x + c, and y = max +c, Then tang = [=a | Fart The lines are paraitel if fan0 = 0 => ms = ma. (i) The lines are perpendicular if @ = 90° => mym: Any line parallel to the line ax + by + = 0 has the equation ax + by = k where k is an arbitrary constant to be obtained from the given geometrical constraints. (ii) Any fine perpendicuiar to the line ax + by + c= 0.45 the equation bx ~ ay = A, where Ais an ‘arbitrary constant to be obtained from the given geometrical constraints. \ Nogaour options PETE, BY RaW ia Sapa Wty, Nw Delt G30 017, Bal ty ORAGRCoeA GORATH4 é : RSM-192141721-P1_MA-Straight Line SA Sirs Lin 4, Intersection and family of lines () The point of intersection of two lines aix + by + cr = 0 and azx + byy + c2 = 0 is obtained by solving these equations for x and y. (i) The equation of any line passing through the intersection of these lines is ayx + bry + ¢; + Aaxx + bay + 2) =0 where 2, is an arbitrary constant. (i) The three lines ayx + biy + cy = 0, apX + bay + c2 = 0 and asx + biy + 3 = 0 are concurrent if la, b, «| lay by, as Ds Cy or the point intersection of any two of these lines lies on the thir line, 5. Distance of a point from a line lax, +by,+¢ [a? +b? ‘The perpendicular distance of the point P(x, ys) from the line ax + by +.¢ = Ois 6. _Bisector of the angle between two lines The equations of the bisectors of the angle between the lines ax; + by; + cy = 0, aXe + byz + cy =0 kt bey +p : fa,? +b,? 7. Pair of Straight lines aS (i) The second degree equation ax” + by’ + 2hxy + 2gx + 2fy +c = 0 represents a pair of lines if HP2 ab and abc + 2gfh — af? ~ bg*- ch? =0. 2Vh? ~ab a+b ‘oF coincident if h? = ab and perpendicular to each other if a+ b= 0, The angle 6 between these lines is given by tand 0 that the lines are parallel i ‘The homogeneous equation ax? + 2hxy + by* the origin represent a pair of lines passing through (ii). The equation of the pair of tines joining the origin and the points of intersection of a curve and a line is obtained by making the equation of the curve homogeneous with the help of the equation of the fine. ‘Megocosin Copnitons PVE. Ltd, 57, Kata Sorat, Sarvaprira Vitor, Mew DUThl “110 017, Fmall: enqalVOmepacpamicognIiOan com g Webshe t wn megoconticognitions.COM”RSM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line ES sown rrocicns Subjective : a a Problem 1. Let P (sin®, cosd) (0 < @ < 29) be a point and let OAB be a triangle with vertices (0, 0), [fe] me(e, (8) ror en sone Solution: Equations of lines along OA, OB and AB are y= 0, x=0, and x + y — Now P and B will lie on the same side of y = 0 if cos® > 0. Similarly P and A will lie on the same side of x = 0 if sin 0 > 0 and P and © willie on the same side of x + y= £ itsino + cos0 < £ Hence P will lie inside the 4 ABC, if sine > 0, cosé > 0 and sin® + cos8 <8 vovsno ann f lwe.va2y i 3 sn(o+niay< 8 ie 00 and cos @ > 0, so a x ra ACL O< 0 FOF. F< O< IZ. Problem 2. i Find the equation of the straight lines passing through (-2, -7) and having intercept of length 3 units between the straight lines 4x + 3y = 12 and 4x+ 3y = 3, \ | Sotution: + aceayetg AD Distance between the two given parallel lines = Kireal Pao v i649 9 3 tano= 2 -5 tang = > and = © =o tang= 5 Slope of the paraliet lines = = =m Tagacoam Copetlons Pe Li BY ae Bia, Savapia Wn few Debt LAO 07, mal al yOmoAeR CORTE, ‘Websce! wuremogaconmcegntonscont 3s26 RSM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Li 7124 (1-m,) Te slopes are (ym, (2) m= {the line is parallel to the y - axis) ‘The required equations of the lines are 7x + 24y + 182 = O’and x+2 =0. Problem 3. Two points A and B move on the +ve direction of x-axis and y-axis respectively, such that OA + OB =.K. Show that the locus of the foot of the perpendicular from the origin O on the line AB is (x + y) (x° + 7) =K xy. Solution: Let the equation of AB be ows xy Eeted ay given, a+ b= 2) Cr now, mas * Moy =4 . => ah= bk (8) from (2) and (3), 4 aia. 0) xtnrk) yl) kK nK as it passes through (h, k) h(h+k)_ k(h+k) kK nhK => (h +k) (h? +) = Khk 2.-locus of (h, k) is (x + y) (x? + y4) = Kxy, «from (1) Problem 4. If orthocentre of the triangle formed by ax’ + 2hxy+by’ = 0 and px + gy = Tis (r, s) then prove atb that =F _. aq” + bp* - 2hpq Solution: : Let ax"#2hxy + by’ = 0 be OA and OB. Let OD and BE be perpendiculars on AB and OA respectively. Equation of OD is, aon (1) on BE - 7 p+m,q, Equation of BE is y- —™ =-d{e uo) p+mq mm” p+m,g) ; i , \ i oo “Hogacetms Copatons PA Ui, 57, Ka Saray Sarvaprvd Vina, Naw Dail 110 617, Ema engulry@eepecoercopR one oP wane ure megecesmeagelionacnRRSM-1921+1721_P1_MA-Straight Line 27 But {pr ar) lies on BE, do + qm) = SEHD on tem, p+mq * (p+m,qXp +m,q) 2n a but ms + mg=—F> and mime = = po ag? = 2hpq + bp? rls asd Pq aq’ ~2hpq+ bp? Problem 5. A variable line is drawn through O, to cut two fixed straight ines Ly and L2 in A; and Az, respectively. A point A is taken on the variable fine such that "*" =" 4" show that OA OA, OA; the locus of A is a straight line passing through the point of intersection of L; and L», where O is the origin: Solution; Let the variable line passing through the origin is x oy c0s8 Sine LLetthe equation of the line Ly is px+a;y=1 ....(2) Equation ofthe line Lz is pox + quy = t e Let the variable lina intersects te ine (2) at A and (3) at Aa 0) = Aries on Ls >n=0A=——_1 p,Co86+ Gy sind 1 si = OA,2=—_— _—_ Similarly, aioahe gant Let OA=r. Let co-ordinate of Aare (hk) => K) = (082, sine) . mea om on m+n_m a oy MRM OL, OA OA, OA, t: & & m+ n= Mm (p,rcosé + g,rsinO) + nipzrecos® + qorsind) = (pinta k-1) + F (pon + aak-1)=0 Therefore, locus of Ais (px + aiy-t) +> (pax +auy -1)=0 Plitale=Owhere 2= 2 This is the equation of the line passing through the intersection of L; and L.. ‘Megacosm Coytion BE. Lad 57, Kalu Sarat, Sarvapriva Var, New Dell 130 O17, Emel ‘Website! wine mapecoemeagntions.CarRSM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line Problem 6. Find the equation of the diagonals of the parallelogram formed by the lines L* — al. = 0 and. L?—al’=Owhere L = xcos0 + ysin®—p and L’= xcos6’ + ysin@’— p’ Solution: Lines of parallelogram are Equation of AC =1.+ 31’ = 0 It also passes through L = a and L’ sa+a=0=2=-1. Hence AC=L-L'=0 Le. x(cos0 — cos0’) + y(sind — sino’) ~ p~p' -a=0 Similarly equation of BD is L + L'a Problem 7. Two fixed points A and B are taken on the co-ordinate axes such that OA = a and OB = b. Two variable points A’ and 8’ are taken on thé’ same axes such that QA'+ OB’ = QA + OB. Find the locus of the point of intersection of AB’ and 4’B. Solution: Let A = (a, 0), B = (0,0), A= (@’, 0), B'= (0, b”) y Equation of A’Bis + ¥ ab and the equation of AB’ is A + YL = 0 [Using ar-a= 3) From (2) b’x + ay # ab’ => b’ @) Equating (3) and (4) we get x + y = a + b which is the required locus. Problem 8. . A ray of light generated from the source kept at (-3, 4) strikes the line 2x + y = 7 at Rand then terminated at (0, 1). Find the point R so that ray travels through the shortest distance. Solution: ‘Slope of the line 2x + y = 7 is -2 Let R be (a, 7 ~ 2a), P (-3, 4) and Q (0, 1) _ Slope of PR = 2=28 | slope of Ra = °—78 ar3 a Now, ray travels through the shortest distance so, PR must be incident ray and RQ must be reflected ray. : "Wagacaam Gogilons Pri. Ld, BY, Kala Sorat, Sarvapriya Vita, New Deli) 240 017, Email; eowulry@megacosmcopnlons om ‘Website: wnrw.megecosmcognitions.comRQM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Stralght Ling 3-2a 9 8-20 Problem 9, A straight line through P (~2, -3) cuts the pair of straight lines x*+ 3y’ + 4xy - 8x - 6y-9=0 in Q and R. Find the equation of the tine if PQ . PR = 20. Solution: x42_ys3 Let ti Stline be cos sino =x =10050-2,y=rsind~3 a) Now, x7 + 3y? + 4xy —Bx—6y-9=0 - .....(2) Taking intersection of (1) with (2) and considering terms of r° and constant (as we need : PQ.PR = ru. = product of the roots) . (cos* 0 + 3 sin’ 0 +4 sin 6 cos 0) + (some terms)t + 80 = 0 rf = POPI a cos’ 6 +45in0c0s0 + 38in® 8 cos’ 6+ 4 sin 8 cos 0 + 3 sin? (+ POPE sin’ 0 ~4 sin 0 cos @ + 3 cos” 0 => (sin 0 ~ cs 6)(sin ®-3 cos 0) = 0 = tan 8 = 1, tan ! hence equation of the line isy +3 = 1(x +2)=x-y and y +3= 3x + 2) = 3x-y+3=0. 20) Problem 10. WO Yoh where r= 1, 2, 3, be the co-ordinates of the poltts A, B, C, respectively, prove that x yt xy the equation of the internal bisector of angle A, Is bl x yy F {tel % % 7 | : Xe Yo 1 % ys 1 where b= AC and ¢ = AB. BD _ AB femal bisector of ZBAC, Then Fe =e = 6 . xp + 0X5, mato) i Thus D divides BC intemally in the ratio c : , therefore D = ( bre. bee | x y 4 a Now, equation of line AD is % yy 1) =0 ea . xp 40% DY, + OF, . bre bac i x y 1 x yl ey | => x Ys 1 |=0>b}]™% yy 1) + el xy Hy 1] =0 bx, +exs by, +¢y, b+e X Ye 1 Xs Yast ‘wagacoam Cogations Prt. Ld, 87, Kal Sarl, savapriva Vihar, New Dall ‘website30 RSM~1921+1721-P1_MA-Stré Problem 11. | ‘One diagonal of a square is the portion of the line 7x + Sy = 35 intercepted by the axes. Obtain the extremities of the other diagonal. + Solution: 57 Point Ris G 7 length of diagonal BD is (5-0) +(0-7)° = \74 Since in square both the diagonals are equal and bigect each other at right angie so R is mid-point of BD and AC and AR = RC = DR = RB ard slope of fine AC = -—— slope of BD 7/5 - Using parameter form of the straight line = Problem 12. The lengths of medians of the given triangle are used to form a second triangle, then the ‘medians of that one are used to from a third triangle, and so on. Find the sum of the areas of ali the triangles in that sequence. (Given that area of first triangle is A) Solution: Let ABC be a given triangle whose area is A. Medians of triangle ABC are AE, BF and CD. . Draw a line triangle A parallel to BF such that the line segment AG = BF and AG | | BF = AFBG is a parallelogram. Now, FG is a diagonal of parallelogram AFBG = DG=DF ol) since DF is a midiine of triangle ABC SDF = $ BCand DF ||] BC =DF=CE =DG=CE {trom(1)) and DG||CE =? DCEG isa parallelogram : 80, DG= GE \ Now, the triangle constructed by using lengths of the medians is 4 AEG.RSM_492141721-P1_MA-Stralght Line Fa Since, 4 DHG and A BHE are congruent We tiave, GH = EH and DH = HB => His amid point of GE e = AH is one of the medians of 4 AGE. => AH divides the area of A AGE in two equal parts => area of A AHE AHG = Ar since, DH = HB => H divides AB in ratio 3:1 50, AH = ; AB 2) Since E is a mid point of BC . 1 EM= — CN .. (3) =eM= ft @) Now, atea of A AHE = 4,= 2 AH x EM {from (2) and (3) a=roosa = A= (Coos a, F sin a), B= (Fos Br sin B) and C = (r cos y, rsiny) “. The co-ordinates of the centroid G of AABC are {Jreosa + cosp.+cosy)sina+ sip si) j Now if P(h, k) is the orthocenter af ABC, then from geometry, the circum centre, centriod } and orthocenter of a A lie on the same line, and the slope of OG is equal to the slope of OP. \ ' \ | SS ee ~ | Wagaconm Capaiions Po Lk, 5, aa Bra, Sareapipa Vitor, Mow Bet 120 O87, Eat VO CGIAEM APTOS CO | ‘Webate !wmcmopecoomcogntions.comRSM-1921+1721-P1-MA- Straight Line 958, sina+sinb+siny _k _, 400856085005 pan) cosa +cosB+cosy h st Asin sink Hence the orthocenter P(h, k) lies on the line 2 cosPeos!|x—[asintsin® sin? y = (s aepsy=m) a 2 2 2 Prablem 14, . ABC are the vertices of an acute angled triangle. Perpendiculars are drawn from these vertices on the opposite sides and produced to cut the circumcircle of A ABC. if produced parts be of lengths p, a, rthen prove that abe 263. Solution: ADisLBC. DE=p. ‘Clearly BOE is a tight angled triangle. : tenc ==, tang = = tanB+tanc =2 > Similarly tanC+ tan = and tan +tanB = © =2(lanA + tanB +fanC) : [As tand + tanB + tanC > 33} ‘| \ ‘Hegacaem Cognitions Pvt. Ud, 87, Kala Sard, Survapriya Vihar, Now Dal -110 017, Ell? enquiry @magacssmcngallons com Webalte wenmimegecosmeognitions.camt :jective : A eT ae a a Problem 1. : The straight line y = x - 2 rotates about a point where it cuts x-axis and becomes perpendicular on the straight line ax + dy + ¢ = 0, then its equation is (A) ax+ by + 2a=0 (8) ax + by + 2b=0 (C) ay~bx + 26=0 (0) none of these Solution: ° ~ Equation of line perpendicular to ax + by + ¢= Dis bx~ ay +k=0 It passes through (2, 0) ab+k=0 hence ay — bx + 2b =0. Problem 2. If the line y = V3 x cuts the curve x" + ax’y + bxy + cx + dy+6 OA.OB.0C.0D { where Ois the origin) is at A, B, Cand O, then (A) a-2b +0 (8) 2c'd (c) 96 oe Solution: The line y = v3x can be written as 3 2 If this line cuts the given curve, then ef ar®v8 | beV8 or, devia je a ta 3? Therefore OA. OB.OC.OD = |r lr fl Ifa = [Fs feta tal = 96 6=0. Problem 3. AA fine through the origin divides parallelogram with vertices (10, 45), (10, 114), (28, 153) and (28, 84) into tivo congruent pieces. The slope of the line is ay 9 99 “ee 849 9 19 2 p) 12 Or5 5 Solution: (10, 414)0 ©(8, 153) Let AP = CQ=x 45+x 153~x > = cr) fe . ; Pp 1260 + 28x = 1530~ tox = 18 135 45.08 2 AC, 4B) 3(28, 84) = slope of PQ= 58. = F5. ; * CRS BEETS EET aT Wa a eee :ht Line Problem 4. nN ABC is an isosceles right angled trlangle with AB = BC = 1. IP is any point on BC, then minmax{(area APQ), (area POBR), area PRC} is 2 1 Q Se As @s © t () none of these 8 RC Solution: = Let B = (0, 0), P= (hy k) 2 area of PQBR = hk aro Pro= fit : Clearly maxtarea APQ, area POBR, area PRC} = area APO = = area POBR for for teh ca],2 2*k<"|"9 Problem 5. if the straight fines ax + by + p= @ and x cosa + ¥ sina = p are inclined at an angle a and concurrent with the straight line x sina- y cosa = 0, then the value of a° +b” is ao et 7 (C2 : (D) none of these Solution: ON = p( see fig.) OM = perpendicular distance of O from ax + by + p #0 Spee mle = =ON sin = va? +b? a2 Hence a? +b? =2, Problem 6, ~ The straight lines joining the origin to the points of intersection of the straight line hx + ky = 2hk and the curve (x—k}? + (y— A)? = ¢ are at right angles then (A) iP +h +070 ()tP-K-c? =0 (C) t+ =? =0 (0) none of these Solution: Making. the equation of the curve homogeneous with the help of the lind, we get Pay? Alas sry), (4k? c' (sy 0. : : | Majaccem Cognitions Pv. Led. 87, Kalu Sera, Survapeiya Vinay, Row De 320 OAT, Email: esaulcy@magacoumcngntions. com Website tunew.megaconncogattions.comRSM192141721-P1-MA-Straight Line 35 or Ane + abPk?y? — Atk >xthx + ky) - 4b? ky(hx + ky) + (h? +? — 2h?! + ky? + Dhxy) = 0. This is the equation of the pair of fines jaining the origin to the points of intersection of the given line and the curve. They will be at right angles if coefficient of x?.+ coefficient of y* = 0 (+)? +c) =O since fh? + 20} > he +e =o Problem 7. The value of k for which the equation 2x° + Sy” — 2kxy + 4x + 6y = 0 represent the pair of straight lines is ° 19 io a oF o-% (©) one of these Solution: ja h 2-* 7 In bf] =O=>|-k 5 3) lo t 23 = 2A-Bk- 10) — 3(6 + 2k) = 0 => -6k~ 20-18 6K=0 = 12k =-38 => k tz ab =k’ 2 10 and = 31 > 10, Hence k Problem 8. : H ihe lines x= a+ m, y= -2 and y= mx are concurrent, the least value-of jal is ao (8) v2 (C)2v2 (D) none of these Solution: Since the fines are concurrent 10 -a-m Ot 2 | =0>me+am+2=0 m1 0 ‘Since m is real, a > 8, fal > 2V2 Hence the least value of [a] is 22 Problem 9, Through the point Pla, f}, where af > 0, the straight line ae e =1is drawn so as to form with coordinate axes a triarigle of area s. If ab > 0, then least value of $ is (A) 206 (8) 12 of (C) oB {D) none of these ‘Solution: ‘ Given P =(a, 8)Given line is% + ¥ a If line (1) cuts x and y axes at A and B respectively, then As (a, 0)andB= Also the atea of AOAB = (1i2)ab = 5 => ab = 2s Since line (1) passes through P(a, B), = a? B-2as+20s=0 Since ais real, 4s’~ Bas 20 = 82 2aB. Hence the least value of 5 = 2ap. Problem 10. ABCD is @ square. E(4, 3), F(2, 5) lie on AB and CD respectively such that EF divides the square in two equal parts. f the coardinates of A is (7, 3), other coordinates of the vertices canbe (A) (7, 2) (8) 7.5) (C) (-1, 3) (0) (4.7) Solution: ag.3) E(4.3) BE, 3) Midpoint (G) of EF is centre of square, : - a ¥ c 7.5) +5) (4.5) Problem 11, Ix + y = 0 is the angle bisector of the angle containing the point (1, 0), for the tine 3x + Ay +b =0, 4x-+ 3y -b =O then b can be (A)3 (8) 4 (5 (6 Solution: (Bx + 4y +b) = (4x + 3y—b) For x + y = 0, we have to choose -ve sign. (Bx, + 4y; +b) (4x, + 3y)~ 6}<0 = (9+b) (4—b)<0 b> 4orb<-3. Problem 42. : : Ww Xh4 and intersect the axes at four concyclic points and c? + a? = b? + of, a ‘then these linos can intersect at (a, b, c,d > 0) (A) (1,4) @-1) (C) (2,-2) (0) (3-2)RSM-1924+1721-P1_MA-Straight Line 37, Solution: Paints A, B, C, D are concyclic, then ac = bd. The co-ordinate of the points of intersection of lines are (zea 4) bd(o~ 2). bo-ad' “be-ad } Let co-ordinates of the points of intersection is (h, k) nz 200-4) 4. bdle-a) be- ‘ad, bo—ad . givenc? + a°=b*+d* (-. ac= bd) = (¢-a)’ = (b-d)’> c-a=+(b—d) then the locus of the points of intersection is y = x. Problem 13. A(2, 0), B(0, 2) and C are the vertioas of a triangle inscribed in the circle x° + y’ = 4. The bisector of angle C belongs to either of two families of concurrent lines, whose points of concurrency are (ay(v2, v2) (8) (2, -v2) (y(V2, -¥2) (0) (-V2, v2) Solution: The points of concurrency lie on the intersection of perpendicular bisectors of AB with the circle x° + y? = 4, Hence the points are (/2, V2) or (V2, -v/2) Problem 14. : fa point P moves inside a equilateral triangle of side length a such that itis nearérto any ‘angular bisector of the triangle than to any ofits sides, then (A) area of figure traced by P is ae (3) - 3a? ( 3-1 fe Pi (8) area of figure traced by Pis ~F—| (©) figure is convex hexagon (0) figure is cancave hexagon Solution: A Shaded area is the region traced by P, its area = AABC — 3AABD Read the following writeup carefully: i i A triangle ABC is given where vertex Ais (1, 1) and the orthocenter is (2,4). Also sides AB and BC ‘are members of the family of lines ax + by + ¢ = Owhere a, b, ¢ are in AP. Now answer the following questions (15-17): \ ‘Mevacor Gogaions Pvt. Ud, S7, Kalu Sarat Sarvapriya Vike, Now Delbl 116 O47, Ema: eoqulryOmegacoencogniions.com ‘Website !werw.megeconmengntions coor p38. RSM~192141721-P1_MA-Straight Line Problem 15. Triangle ABC isa, (A) obtuse angled triangle (8) right angiod triangle. (6) acute angled triangle (0) equilateral triangle Solution: (A) 1-4 Slope of AC(m,) = 14, ope of AC) = a8 2-4 6 Slope of BC (m,) = 2-4-8 lope of BC (my) = 28 = ctan A= Ma=M = =US46_ <9 _, sac is obtuse. +mym, uz Vek Problem 16. The coordinate ofthe circumcentre is “61 @ (2.4) " \2"4) ol % 3 (0) none of these Solution: (6) nt 442 1) yes ' w= 2 (x18) (= 1)=3Q +8) : 8,512) = 3x+24=y-1 o-1 SR-VHB=0 Bran. © 92 (x +8) 32x ~ 256 = 32x + 6y#241=0 (2) Problem 17. “Angular bisector ofthe angle A of triangle ABC is (a) (a? -1)x-6y 47-37 =0 ©) x(1197)s6y-(7+ 87) <0 (©) (37 41)x-6y+(7+V37)=9 - ~ (0) none of those Solution: (A) AC: 36 y=1)ex=4 (1) 4 \ ‘Magncoam Copnllons Pvt Ltd 57, Kalu Saral, sarvapriva Vikar, New Dail -£10 017, Email enquiryOmegacosjacopanions.com ‘Website "ww. macacosmcoanttiOns.com(2) x+6y-7 eam =x-1 x +6y-7* V37x-B7 3 (SBT -1)x-6y+7- 87-0. Read the following comprehension carefully anid answer the following Problems (18-19): ‘Two adjacent sides of a parallelogram are 4x + Sy = O and 7x + 2y = 0. The line 6x + By — 48 intersects the co-ordinate axis at A and B respectively, A tine L bisects the area ‘and the perimeter of the triangle OAB, where O is the origin, Problem 18. The number of such lines possible is yt (B)2 (3 (0) more than 3 Solution: (A) . if the line L. cuts OB and BA at distances y and x from B. Then, xy = 30 andx +y = 12 Solving, x= 6+V6 andy= 6-6. Problem 19. - . The slope of the line can be (4-5 V6) ~~ (10=548)— wt So-sis) © G28) (0) nana of tose Solution: (B) Let P be (a, B) B= 6-2(6+J6) and a= 4(6%-/6) Hence, slope of PQ is Consider AABC whose vertices are A = (m,n), B= (1,2), 2x-y +3 = 0 where m,n e+ N and m.> 2. Let area of AABC be S such that {5} , denotes greatest integer less than ot equal to x) (2, 3) and vertex ‘A’ lies on the line {where fx}RSM-192141721-P1-MA-Straight Li “0 Problem 20, If the equation of side AC of AABC is ax * by = 9, then (a + b) equals (aya (8) 15 Os (O11 Solution: c Problem 21. If the point R (a, f) lies inside the AABC is such that the AABR, ABCR and ACAR are of equal area, then (2c + 3p) equals (Ay 12 (6) 17 (0) 19 (0) 18 Solution: D 20-21. As A(m, n) lies on y = 2x +3 o> =n=2m+3 an? A=(m,2m.43) 2 im 2m+3 ‘Area of AABC = 7 1 2 1m+2| = $(Given) 23 But [S]=2>2 m22orms-6 ait) =. From (i) and (i), we get -8 m=-7,-6,2,3 Butm ¢ N, Soms#-7,-6 m=2,3 Also m= 2 => n=2m+3=2(2)+3= = A2,7) But m? +n? = 90 and 2? + 7° * 90 . :ma#2 Nowm=3=2n=2m+3=2()+3=9 2. AQ,9) Also 3° + 9?= 9+ 81 = 90 Hence vertex ‘A’ of AABC will be (3, 9) 5 : AG Slope of AC = Equation of AG is (y ~3) = 6{x - 2) > 6x-y=9 ; But we have equation of AC is ax + by = 9 ha Ga 2562-1 a+b=5 "Megacoom Gognitons Pet. Utd, 5, Rels Sara, Sarvnptiya Vihar, Naw Delhl “140 O17, Emall: anqulryBmnepecouncogniOns om Mebatt | ww. megacaemcogntions.com fefbitenniceROM-A92t0172t_PI-MA- Straight Line : : o 21. Clearly Ra, B) is centroid of ABC 34142 9. mene) ne 3 =a=2andp= Hence 2u+ 3p= 2@)+3( 4414218 ~Problem 22. The minimum distance of 4x? + y’ + 4x —4y + 5 = O from the line —4x+ 3y=3is____ Solution: The given curve represents the point (32). s0 minimum distance Problem 23. ~ 7 The number of integral values of m for which the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the ines 3x + 4y = 9 and y= mx + 1 is also an integer, is Solution: 5 4m ‘Only possible valuas of m ate — 1, ~2. Solving them we get x = Problem 24. Lot 2x + 3y = 0 and 3x— 2y = 0 intersect at A. Let another fine whose equation is ax + by +6 = 0 intersécts-the given two tines at B and C respectively. A circle touches AB at A and BC at D. Itintersects AC-in. If CE = 3, CD = 6, then BD = => (x + 6) + x2 + 12? => 12x = 108 > x =9. Problem 25. Let the lines L; = V3 x-y + (2- V3) =O and Lp= V3x + y-(2+ V3) = 0 intersect at A. Let B; be a point on L,. From B;, draw a line perpendicular to L, meeting the line L» at Cy. From C,, draw a tine perpendicular fo L méeting the fine L; at Bz. Continue in this way obtaining points Cz, Bs, Cs and so on, if area of triangle AB,C, = 1 and area(AAB,C2) + area(AABsCy) + area(AAB,C,) = T, then |T 4360} Solution: Let AB, = x, area(AAB,C,) = 1 ~ AG, \B,se060° AB, = ACsec60° = 4x - By Now AAB,C, ~ AAB;C, = SECAABLCz) _ ABE _ 4g -ar(AAB,C,) AB; oT = 16 + 16 + 16° = 4368, i . / | i | \, ee "Negacosm Copaitions PV. Ln, 5, Kalu Sura survaprta Vike, New Dei) 110 B13, Email abge7ORApACORDCOpMN RESO ‘Webate:wew.aregacesmenpntions.com rProblem 26. Let ABC be right angle triangle, 28 = 90°. The median through A and C are y = 3x + 1 and ¥=X+1 respectively, IAC = 8 and then area of triangle ABC is Solution: 0010.66 an, AB 2 8D a 8C_2a tano, = BC. 28 are BE tan y, tan = 4 Angle between median = tan’? ea = n-tan"} ; an Now 0, + 02+ 0= ° 2 oye Ope n=tantt SE tan(6, +0,) = -cottan _ Ftandtand, tan 0, + tan eo 2a_ 2a Problem 27. ‘Statement ~1: The intemal angle bisector of angle C of a triangle ABC with sides AB, AG and BC are y= 0, 3x + 2y =0 and 2x + 3y + 6 = 0 respectively, is 6x + By + 6 = 0. because Statement -2: Image of point A with respect to 5x + Sy + 6 = Olies on side BC of the triangle. (A) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True; Slatement-2 is a correct explanation for ‘Statement-1 : (8) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True; Statement-2 1s NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1 (C) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is False (0) Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is True Solution: io) . i pisectorat X42 _ 2+ 3y-+ 6) ' . : => x-y~B = O.and &x + 5y+6=0 t — ! \RSM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line : a ‘according to given equation of sides, intemal angle bis Image of A will ie on BC with respect to both bisectors. or at C will have negative slope. Problem 28. Given four parallel lines L, Le. Lo and Le. Let the. distances between ther be dio, daa, dhe respectively. Let P be a point sum of whose distances from four tines is K (d1< ces dy). Then the locus of the point P a " — ae Not possibl ~ () k= det 2d t dee Dar where (@) Entire region between the lines Lz and Ls O. a= 2012 = sum of digits = 5. (8). [(@—F"oeK=7 2 gu 2 (8-20 Od + [094K = 7 = 16) = Problem 30. ‘Match the following: : Equation of reflection of the line (1) thetine x+y =1 is | (Q) | Acute angle bisector between the lines (2) | x-2y+3=0 3x—4y+7=0 and 12x-+5y =2is |(R) | Bisector of angle between the Tines @ | ax+6y-5-0 x—2y +40-=Oand 2x-y =4, which angle contains (0, 0) is_ © | The line-3x ay 17 = Obisectsthe angle | (4) | 1x-aysae0 between the pair of lines of which one line is 2x+y+4=0. The equation of other Codes: OS A 2 4 1 3 ® 4 +t 3 2 (eg of 6 Os 6 Solution: a (P) Given lines meet at of m = slope of reflected line ax=4y+7_-12x-5y +2 @Q) 3 3 (R) O00, 0) lies in acute angle between the lines (S) Similar to (P) \ i —S ‘Wagacosm Cogniions PV. Lid, 67, Kaka Sarat, Survapriva Vine, New Dell 110 O47, Email: enquiry @mopacoemcopnllons om Webehee wwe mepecoameagntieRScoetSM-192141721-P1_MA-Stralght Line 45 Ce net Answer 31, 32 and 33 by appropriately matching the information given in the three columns, of the following tabte. Let A(4, 2) and B(2, 4) be two given points.and L be the straight line 3x + 2y + 10 = 0 * Column 1 indicates diff. points on line + Column 2 indicates diff. quantity required + Column 3 indicates values of dif. points for the required quantity. (W_ Point . (i) Point @ on “fi)_JAQ ~ OB} minimum: (Q) (il) Point R on L | (ii) (AR —RB| maximum ® [i Port S ont | OW) = _ 0 Problem 31. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT combination ? (A) () (0 (R) (8) (Mp (i) (S) . (C) (IV) (iv) (RY (D) (M) (i) (S) Solution: . a mage of A(4, 2) in the line 3x+2y+10=0 (1) Anh, Ryis M24 _K=2_ 208.442.2410) a 2 O44 +. A-8, 6). The equation of A,B is i yo d= SE 2) oyene? (2) ee ‘Solving eq. (1) and (2), we get, x = Problem 32. Which of the following options is the only CORRECT combination ? (A) (i) (i) (Q) 1B) () () P) (C) (Mp (ii) (R) {D) (IV) (iv) (P) . Solution: (8) The mid point of AB Is (3, 3). Siope of AB is 3-2 ‘The equation of the perpendicular bisector of AB is y~ 3 = 1(x-3) > y= Itintersects the fine (1) at (2, -2}. 4 Problem 33. - Which of the following options is the only INCORRECT combination ? 7 (A) (Ml) (ii) (Q) : (B) (1) (il) (S) . (C) (IV) (ivy (S) (D) (i) (il) (P) Solution: (8) : Equation of AB is x + y = ; Solving with equation (1), we get x = -22, y= 28. Thus the point R is (-22, 28) \ \ , ~46 RSM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line —_—— EE eee eee ASSIGNMENT PROBLEMS, Subjective : ag ee Level -1 4()). Find the distance of the line 3x + y + 4 = 0 from the point (2, 5) measured parallel to the line, x—4y +8=0. (i). Find the equation of the angle bisector of the angle formed by the lines 12x+ 5y ~ 10 = O and 3x + 4y—5 = O containing the point-(1, 1). 2(i). The vertices of a quadrilateral in order are (-2, 3), (-3, -2), (2, ~1) and (x, y). If its area is 14 'sQ. units, then show that x + y = 2, : (ii). Find the values of ‘m’, such that the area of triangle formed by the lines y = m(x + 1), and y =-x is 4 Square unit, 3. Aline 4x + y =‘ through the point A(2, -7) meets the line BC whose equation is 3x-4y+1= 0 atthe point B. Find the equation to the line AC so that AB = AC. 4, The points (1, 3) and (5, 1) are two opposite vertices of a rectangle. The other two vertices Vie on the line y = 2x + 6. Find ¢ and remaining vertices. 5. Let (h, k) be a fixed point where h, k > 0. A straight line passing through this point cuts the positive direction of coordinate axes at points P and Q. Find the minimum area of the AOPQ, being the origin, 6. Asstraight line passing through O(0, 0) intersect the curve (x ~ 1° + (y— 1) = 4 at‘A’ and'‘B’ and (x —2)° + y*= 1 at C and D. If OA, OC, OD and OB from an A.P. then find the equation + of the line, 7. Find all points on x + y = 4 that ie at a unit distance from the line 4x + 3y = 10 = 0. (i). Find a, if (@, a”) lies inside the triangle having sides along the lines 2x + 3y = 1, x+2y-3=0, By=Gx—4. (i). of Pfts & 24] be nt on a line, find the range of values of for which the point Hote 2G) mame P lies between the parallel ines x + 2y = 1 and 2x + 4y= 15. ‘Mogaroam Copaltiogs PV: Ld, 87, Nala Surat Sarvapriya Vikar, New Delhl 10 O17, Emall7enqulryOmegacosmcognllons.C Webeite warw-mogscosmcogntion® com| i i § } RSM=1921+4721-P4_-MA-Straight Line ar 9. na triangle ABC, if the product of distances of orthocentre from vertex A and side BC is & and the distance between the circumcentre and orthocentye is 3, then find the ciroum radius of ABC. 10(i). If through the anigular points of a triangle straight lines be drawn parallel to the sides and if the intersections of these Jines be joined to the opposite vertex of the triangle. Show that the joining lines so obtained will meet in a point. (i). Let P= (@, b), Q= (6, d) and 0 0), then the value of a is 13, An isosceles right triangle ABC with AB = AC slides on the axes with A and B on x and y axes respectively. The lacus of C is. True! False (14 15): 44, The points (4, ~1), (6, 0), (7, 2) and (6, 1) are the vertices of chombus. 15. Ina triangle ABG~side AB = 20, AG-=44-BC = 13, then the diameter of the semicircle ingcribed in triangle ABC, whose diameter lies on AB and is touching AC and BC is.12. ‘ogacoam Copaitions Prt Ud, B7, Kalu Saal Savapriva Vitar, New Delhi 110 O47, Email: engulkyOmegacosmcogMlons com Wobahe wenn megarosmcagallons ortRSM-1921+4721-P1-MA-Stralght Line 1 In a Scalene triangle ABC, D is any point on BC such that radii of incirgles of triangles ABD and ADC are equal. 12: 1 be the ratio In which D divides BC, therr prove that nee (tsi) * bUTsin€. 2. triangle has two lines y = mx and y = m,x as two of its sides where m and m; are the roots of ax’ + bx + ¢ = 0. If H(c, a) is the orthocentre of the triangle. Then show that equation of the third side of the triangle is (a + ¢) (cx + ay) = ao(a + c~b). ° 3. In ABC, A (0, 2), C (2, 0) and orthocentre H (0, 1/2) are given. HP and AG are inclined at 48" with y-axis such that HP = HQ = 3 and ordinates of P and © are positive then find the equation of line PQ.and area of the closed figure POBHP. 4, Find the co-ordinate of the feet of perpendicular let fail from the point (5, 0) upon the sides of the triangle formed by joining the three point (4, 3), (-4, 3) and (0, -5) prove also that the points so determined lie on a straight line. 5. A variable line through the point (6/5, 6/5) cuts the co-ordinate akes at the points A and 8. If the point P divides AB internally in the ratio 2:1, show that the locus of P is Sxy = 2(2x + y) 6(). An equilateral triangle has its circumcentre at origin and one of the sides is along the line x + ¥~1=0, Find the equations of the other two sides. (i). ‘The hypotenuse BC = a of a right-angled isosceles triangle ABC is divided into n equal segments where n is odd. The segment contairing the midpoint of BC sublends angle « at A. 'Aiso his the altitude ofthe triangle through A. Prove that tana. 0" _ a= - FFind the condition in a and b, such that the portion of the line ax + by ~ 1 = 0, intercepted between the lines ax + y +1 =O and x + by = 0 subtends a right angle at the origin x.y ab AB, cuts the axes in P and Q. Find the locus of the point of intersection of AQ and BP. (i). The straight line 4 ats the coordinate axes in A and B, and a line perpendicular to (ii). ‘The line x + y = k intersects the x-axis and the y-axis at P and Q respectively. Let L be any point on OQ and LM be the perpendicular on the line PQ. If area of ALMP is ; thof the area of APQO, find the ratio PM : MQ. 9. Two straight lines trom origin forms an equilateral triangle ABC with y = 4. On the sides AB, BC and CA, other three equilateral triangles APAB, AQBC and ARAC are drawn. Find the equations of the lines containing the sides of APQR and also the area of APQR. : N —————e—E—E————————————rTTS ‘Mesecorm Cognition Pvt Ltd, 57, Kala Sarat Survapeiya Vibar, New Del 110 O17, Enal : enqulr7 @meopacesm™copnilans corm Wabaiee wore mepacoemcognitiens.comtM~1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line 10. Find the points farthest and nearest on the curve Sx" + Sy’ + Exy — 8 = 0 from origin. Also determine the equations of the lines through the origin on which the points are ocourring. 11. Arod of length k slides in a vertical plane, its ends touching the co-ordinate axes. Prove that the lacus of the foot ofthe perpendicular from the origin to the rod is, + y¥P= Rey. 42. Through a given point © a straight line is drawn to cut two given straight lines in R and S. find the locus of a point P on this variable straight line which is such that 20P = OR+ 0S. 7 43. The vertices 8 and C of a triangle ABC lie on the fines 3y = 4x and y = 0 respectively and 2-2 the side BC passes through the point (3 3) If ABOC is a Rhombus, O being the origin, find the equation the line BC and the co-ordinates of A, 14. From a point A on the curve x = 3y* - 2y + 7, subnormal and subtangent are drawn. If they measure 1 unit each, find the distance of A from (4, 1) 15. Find the minimum of the distances from the point (0, 1) to the points of intersection of the lines (36080 + 4sin®) x + (2cas0 + 2sin0) y — (Sc0s® + 6sin0) = 0, where different values of 0 gives different lines TR pT PT NEST TO POS Website omra.mepecesmcopnitons com50. RSM-1924+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line Objective : a a @ Level -1 The area of equilateral triangle formed by points satisfying the equation x° + Sxy +y°="1 is 8 8 wy > a8 3v3 os _ OS P is a point lying on line y = x then maximum value of PA ~ PB, (where A 62) is V5 (8) 22 3 © v7 OF 7 Locus of point of intersection of the perpendicular tines one belonging to (x + y~ 2) + A(2x + 3y ~ 5) = 0 and other to (2x + y - 41) + Mx+ 2y- 13) =0isa (A) circle (8) straight line (C) pair of lines (D) None of these (1, 3), B AC-3, 4), B(S, 4), C and D form a rectangle x - 4y +7 = 0 is a diameter of the circumeircle of the rectangle ABCD the area of ABCD is we (8) 16 (c)32 (0) 64 : a If Y1Gae +92) < 2xpx%g + 2K aXe + 2vays + 2¥a¥4 then points (Ks, Ys) (Ka, Ya (Xa, Ya (a Ye) are, (A) vertices of a rectangle (8) collinear {C) concyciic (D) none of these A line passes through (1, 0). The slope of the line, for which its intercept between y = x ~ 2 and y = -x + 2 subtends a right angle at the origin, is (ay£203, (£372 (yet (D) none of these “The locus of the image of origin in ine rotating about the point (1, 1) is Ary (Byxry (oxty In a triangle ABC if A = (1, 2) and internal angle bisectors through B and C are y = x and y =~ 2x. The inradius r of the ABC is 4 8) (B) E (Dynone of these ‘Negaconts Cogaitions Prt. Lt, 87, Nal Saral, Survapriya Vina, New Dell -140 O17, Email: enqulryOmegacoamcognitons com Website wenamegacosmcogntionsim || | { \ { | 9 10. 1 12 13, 14, 45, 16. RSM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line . 51 a ‘The distance of any point{x, y) from the origin is defined as.d = max{}x|, {yl}, then the distance ofthe common point forthe family of fines x(t + 4) + ay. #2 +3. 0 0 being parameter) from origin is yt @)2 (5 (oo The vertex A of a triangle ABC is-the point (-2, 3) whereas the line perpendicular to the sides ‘AB and AC are x - y ~ 4 = 0 and 2x ~ y ~ 5 = 0 respectively. The right bisectors of sides meet at (2.3) ‘Then the equation of the median of side BC is . 0 (8) &-2y=16 0 (0) none of these (A) 5x + 2y (©) 2x-5 The maximum area ofthe triangle wih vertices at (8, 0), (a 20s 0, b sin) and (@ ces 8, sin 6) is wy See (®) sab © a (2) 3¥3ab The equation of the diagonal, through the origin, of the quadrilateral formed by the lines x=0, ¥=0,x+y= 1 and 6x +y = 3s given by (A) 3x-y (C)x-y Let ax + by + ¢ = 0 be a variable straight line, where a, b and c are 1%, 3 and 7" terms of ‘some increasing A.P. Then the variable straight line always passes through a-fixed point hich lies on (A)x2+ y= 13 ®)x+¥=5 (C)y?= 9x (D) 3x44) ‘The slope of the line which belongs to family of lines (1+ a)x + (2 — tly + 2¢1 ~ 4) = 0 and ‘makes shortest intercept on x" = 4y ~4, is wie 1 (yo (O}2 The equations of the lines representing the sides of a triangle are 3x — 4y 2x ~By = 7. The line 3x + 2y =0 always passes through the A) incentre (8) centroid (C)circumcentre — * {O) orthocenter ~ ‘The point (4, 4) undesgoes the following three transformations successively (@) Reflection about the line y = x (b) Transformation through a distance 2 unit along the positive direction of the x-axis. (c) Rotation through an angle x/4 about the origin in the anti clockwise direction The final position of the point is given by the co-ordinates x+y=0 andRSM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Ls 47. The three lines 4x - 7y + 10= 0, x+y =5 and 7x + 4y the point (1, 2) is its (A) centroid (8) incentre (C) orthocentre (D) none of these '5 form the sides of a triangle. Then 18. If (6, -4) and (3, 8) are the extremities of the diagonal of a parallelogram and (-2, 1)%s its third vertex, then its fourth vertex is (A) (1,0) @).-1) Oe.1) * 2 (0) none of these 19. Area of the triangle formed by the line x + y = 3 and angle bisector of the pair of straight lines x’ —y* + 2y—1 = Ois (A) 2sq. units (8) 4 59. units (C) 6 sq. units (0) 8sq. uints 20. The three lines 3x + 4y + 6 = 0, 2x + Vay + 212 = 0 and 4x + 7y + 8=Oare (A) the sides of a triangle {®) concurrent (C) parallel (D) none of these ; 21. P= (1,0), @= (4, 0), R= (2, 0) are 3 given points, then the locus of the point S satisfying the relation SQ? + SR* = 2SP* is (A)a straight line parallel to the x-axis (B) circle through the origin (©) circle with centre at the origin (D)a straight line parallel to the y-axis. 22. If the quadratic equation ax’ + bx +.¢ = 0 has -2 as one of its roots then ax + by +c represents _ (A) A family of concurrent lines (8) A family of paraliel lines (C)Asingle tine (0) Aline perpendicular to x-axis 23. The line 3x + 2y = 24 meets y-axis at A and x-axis at B. The perpendicular bisector of AB meets the x-axis at C, then area of AABC Is (78 (6) 92 (C9372 {D) none of these 24, Two\vertices of a triangle are (5, -1) and (-2, 3) If orthocenter of the triangle is origin, then the co-ordinates of third vertex is (A) (4,7) (8)G.7) (Cy (4-2) (0) None of these. 25. ‘The number of integral values of m, for which the x-coordinate of the point of intersection of the lines 3x + 4y = 9 and y = mx + 1 is also an integer is we @)0 (4 1 26. IF A(cosa, sina), B(sina, ~cosa), C(2, 1) are the vertices of a AABC, then as a varies the locus of its centroid is (A) x24 y?- 2x -4y +420 (B) 3(x* + y?) - 2x 4y + 1=0 \ (C)x' + y'~2x-4y+3=0 (0) none of these © \ \ —eeEEEAM- TELE ‘Wogecoam Cogaiions Pvt Ltd, 37, Kala Barat Sereaprpa Var, New Dei 130 047, Emails erqulry@megacoamcoaniions. com Wabate rine megacearcopnlien com D Patant } ! RSM_1921¢1721-Pt-MA-Straight 27. 28, 29, 34 33, 36. The straight line y = x-2 rotates about a point where it cuts the x-axis and becomes Perpendicular to the straight line ax + by + c= 0. Then its equation is (A) ax + by +23 {B) ax —by—2a (©) bx + ay-2 {D) ay—bx +2 Itis desired to construct a right angled triangle ABC (ZC = n/2) in xy plane so that it's sides are parallel to coordinates axes and the medians through A and B tie on the lines y = 3x + 4 and y = mx + 2 respectively. The values of ‘m’ for which such a triangle is possible is /are (ay-12 (8) 34 — (C43 (oy an2 ‘Two of the altitudes of a scalar triangle ABC have lengths 4 and 12. If the length of the third altitude is also an integer, then its largest possible value is As (B)4 (5 (26 ‘Area of the patallelogtam whose sides are x cosa + y sina = p, x cosa + y sina = xcosf + y sin = r, x cosB +y sin = is (A) pq +ts (8) [pq tana + Fs tang (©) Ke aXr —sieosecte —p)! OD Kane sh tania: + 6 Consider the equation y - y: = m(x - x). If m and x; are fixed and different tines are drawn {or different values of yy, then (A) the line will pass through a fixed point —_—_(B) there will be a set of parallel lines. (C) alt the fines willbe parallel tothe fine y = y; (D) none of these The medians AD and BE of a tangle ABC with vertices A(O, b), B(0, O) and O(a, G) are Perpendicular to each other if (A) b= V2a. (8) a= 2b - (C)b=~V2a (0) none of these Mf AOAB is an equilateral triangle (O is the origin and A Is 2 point on the x-axis), then centroid of the triangle will be (A) always rational (B) rational if B is rational {C) rational if A is rational (D) never rational (a point P(x, y) is said to be rational if both x and y are rational) Let 2x-3y =0 be a given line and P (sind, 0) and Q (0, cos®) be the two paints. Then P and Q. lie on the same side of the given tine, if @ ties in the (A) 4st quadrant {B) 2nd quadrant {C) 3rd quadrant (D) none of these Two sides of a rhombus ABCD are parallel to the lines y = x + 2 and y = 7x +3. If the diagonals of the rhombus intersect at the point (1, 2) and the vertex A is on the y-axis, then possible co-ordinates of A is (A), ) 60,1) (C) (0, 3) {0) (0, -1) ee "Nopacoam Copattions Pvt. Ue, B7, Kata Seat Sarvapriva Waar, ew Dell 10.017, Ema: enquryOmgacormcopeRionn com ‘Wobaie rn. megacesmcepnitions.com36. a7. 38, 39, 40. a 42. 43. RSM~1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line The lines ax + 2y + 1 = 0, bx + 3y + 1 = O.and ox + 4y + 1 = 0 are concurrent then (A)a,b, care in AP. (B)a,b,careinG.P. (C)a, b, care in HP. (D) None of these ‘The equations of the lines through {-1, -1) and making angle 45° with the line x + y = 0 are given by (Ax? xy #x~y=0 (®)xy-y'+x-y=0 (C)xytxtys (O)xy+x+y+1=0 The equations to a pair of opposite sides of a parallelogram are x’ — 5x + 6 = 0 and #f By + 5=0, The equations to its diagonals are (A)x # dy = 18 andy = 4x-7 (B)ax+ (0) 4x-+y= 13 andy = 4x-7 Oye 18 and 4y=x-7 Sand y + 4x =7 The locus of a point P which divides the line joining (1, 0) and (2 c0s0, 2 sin®) internally in the ratio 1:2 for all 8, is a (A) straight tine (8) circle (C) pair of straight tine (0) parabota : In an isosceles right angled triangle, a straight line drawn from the mid-point of one of equal sides to the opposite angle, It divides the angle into two parts, 0 and (x/4 — 8). Then tand and tan{(n/4) -6] are equal to (A) 412, 118 (B10, v4 (0) 115, 116 . (0) none of these The diagonals of a rhombus ABCD intersect at the point (1,-2) and its sides are parallel fo the lines x —/3 y + 2V3 = 0 and V3x- y+ 3 = 0. If the vertex A be situated on x-axis, then possible co-ordinates oF vertex C are (A) (1, 4) and (~3, 4) (8) 4, -4) and (~3, ~4) (C)C 1,4) and @, 4) (D) none of these if the intercept made on the line y = mx by the lines x= 2 and x= 5 is. less then 5, then the range of m is w($4 ofS (D) none of these. The perpendicular bisector x + y + 2= 0 and x—y~1= 0 of sides AB and AC of a triangle ‘ABC intersect them at (1, ~1) and (2, 1) respectively. If the middle point of side BC is P, then distance of this point from the orthocentre of triangle is - : (A) 85 BJ © VB (0) none of these "Magacosm Cogaitions Pvi. Ltd, 57, Kalu Sarat, Sarveprira Vikar, New Delhi 110 617; mall: enquiryOnegacosmcopaltons com imepecormcognilonscoet Webake! wee._ RSMA192141721-PI-MA- Straight Lin 44, ‘Statement 1: The circum radius of the quadrilateral ABCD is 5/2, because Statement -2: (x-y+4)(x+y-8)-2(x)(y-1)=0 represent @ second degree curve passing through point ABCD. {A) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True; Statement-2 Is a correct explanation for ‘Statement-4 (B) Statement ~1 is True, Statement -2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-t (C) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is False (0) Statement «1 is False, Statement -2 is True 45. Statement 4: If (aix + biy + 64) + (@ax + bry + C2) + (23x + ay + ca) = O then lines a,x + Diy + 6; = 0, a2x + byy + c2 = 0, ayX + bay + &y = O cannot he parallel. because Statement 2: If sum of three straight lines equations is identically zero then they are either concurrent or parallel (A) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True; Statement-2 is a correct explanation for Statement-1 (8) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is True; Statement-2 is NOT a correct explanation for Statement-1 (C) Statement -1 is True, Statement -2 is False (0) Statement -1 is False, Statement -2 is True ‘ ~ N. —— ‘Heancoam Cognitions Pvt. ike B7, Rata Saray Survapive Vker, New Dell 170 O17, Ema anqulYGmegacobmncoshTionA com ‘rete ww mopaconmcopniins.comRSM~1921+1721-P1-MA_Stralght Line 56 Level - i ‘One of the lines given by the equation ax? + 2ixy + by” = 0 will bisect the angle between the coordinate axes if Warb=n @)arb=-a (c)a+b=0 {P)a-b=0 2, ABCD is a rectangle with A(-1, 2), BGS, 7) and AB : BC = 4 : 3. If dis the distanos of the ‘origin from the centre of the rectangle then {6} is equal to (where [] denotes the greatest integer function), Aa (B)5 (6 O)7 3. Two sides of a rhombus QABC (iying entirely in first quadrant or third quadrant) of area equal to 2 sq. units are y = ~, y = V3x. Then possible co-ardinates of B is / are (Q being origin) (A) (143, 14-48) - B) (48, -1-8) (C) (WB ~4, 8-1) YO) none of these 4 If P is a point inside a convex quadrilateral ABCD such that PA’ + PB? + PC*+ PD" is twice the area of the quadrilateral, then the, correct statements is/are (A) PA, PB, PC,PD all are equal (B) ABCD must be a square and X must be its centre {C) ABCD must be a square but X may not be its centre (0) ABCD may not be a square 5. It the pai of lines.ax? ~ 2xy + by’ = 0 and bx” — 2xy + ay” = 0 be such that each pair bisects the angle between the other pair, then’a~ bis A)2. (B)-2 1 ()-1 6 #f the slope of one of the lines represented by ax” — 6xy + y* = 0 is square of the other, then Aja (B)a=—27 (C)a= (O)a=8 7. In triangle ABC, AD is perpendicular to BC. If AB = 3, AC = 4, AD = = ‘and length of 56 58 ang 28 i perpendlculars from D to AB and AC's SE and 5° respectively, then (A) triangle is isosceles (8) circumradius is 2.5 units (C) triangle is right angled (O) inradius is 2.5 units 8. Two patticles start from the same point (2, ~1), one moving 2 units along the line x + y = 4 land the other 5 units along x — 2y = 4. tthe particles move towards increasing y, then their ‘new position will be (A) 2-2, 2-1) (8) (215 +2, 15-1) (©) (2+12, v2 +1) (0) (25 -2, v1) — EE "Hepacosm Copaitions Prt, Ud, 57, Kala Sara, Sareapriya Wat, Now Delhi 10 017, Emall entuiryOmagacosincopeltionsteat Wabele # waramegecoemncopntens. comRSM—1921¢1721-P1-MA-Straight Line 9. If the two ofthe lines given by 3x2 + 3x%y ~. xy? tay? = are of ight angles, ‘then the slope of one of the them is + W-1 et (3 ()-3 40. ° if two of the straight lines represented by the equation y* + axy* + (a? + 6) x'y + 2x° = 0 are perpendicular to each other, then a is equal to we (B)-4 @2 (0) 4 11. Two lines are given by (x ~ 2y)? + k (x ~ 2y) = 0. The value of k, s0 that the distance between them is 3, is (@)k=0 (6) (C)k= -35 (0) 5 12. If the equation ax” - Gxy + y” + bx + cy ¥ d = 0 represents pair of lines whose slopes are m and m?, then value of ais / are (as-8 @) (C)as27 (O)a= a 13. Aline L with slope m > 0 is drawn through P(0, 0) to meet the lines L, : 2x + y—1=0 and lL: 2% + y—6 = 0 at A and B respectively. From A, a fine perpendicular to L is drawn ‘meeting the line Lz at As. Similarly from B, a line perpendicular to L is drawn meeting the line Lat B,. A parallelogram AA;BB; is formed. The equation of fine L is obtained so that the area of the parallelogram AA,BB; is least (A) The equation of line L is 3x- y= 0 : 4B) The equation of fine Lis 3y~x= 0 7 (C) the minimum atea of parallelogram AA:BB; is 5 : {D) the minimum area of parallelogram ABB; is 10 14, Jf a line is perpendicufar to the line 5x — y = 0 and forms a triangle, with the coordinate axes, of area 5 sq. units, then its equation is (A) x + 5y + 52 =0 (B)x + 8y-5 2 =0 (C)Sx+y-5V2 =0 (0) & -y-5 V2 =o 45, Equations (b ~ c)x + (c - aly + (a—b) = 0 and (b® ~ c°)x + (c* — ayy + a°-b* =O represent a ‘same line then correct statements can be (a) (c) (B)b=e (D)atb+c=0 16. It the mid-points P, Q and R of the sides of the A ABC are (3, 3),(3,4) and (2, 4) respectively, then A ABC is, (A) tight angled (8) acute angled (C) obtuse angled (0) isosceles . 17. Let ABC be a triangle with equations of the sidas AB, BC and CA respectively x-2=0,y—5=O and 5x + 2y ~10 = 0. Then the orthocentre of the triangle lies on the line (ayx-y=0 (@)3x-y=1 ‘| (Wyant y=13 (O)x-2y=1 \ \ ; XX “Teetacosm Copetions Prt. BY, Rata Sora, Sevapcia Vihar, Now Dei 1106 55 aa I CSAS = Wate were mopaccrmengttcons com8. 19. 20. RSM-1921+1721-P1-MA-Straight Line ‘An eguileiteral triangle of side x has is vertices on the sides of a square of side 1 The correct statements are (A) at most one of the vertices of the triangle can lie on a side of ‘the square, (G) two of the vertices of the triangle can lie on a side of the square. (C) one of the vertices of the triangle must coincide with the vertices of the square. (0) xis at least equal to one Ita + b?~ cl ~ 2ab = 0, then the family of straight lines ax + ty + ¢ = 0 is concurrent at the points (A) (-1,.1), (B) (1,1) (Crt, 4) @OC4,-1) ‘Two sides of a rhombus OABC (vi entirely in first quadrant or fourth quadrant) of area equal to 2 sq. units, are y =, y =\/3x. Then possible coordinates of B is / are (0° being the origin @) (1498, 148) (4 8, 1 8) (3-4 8-1) (4 8 1 8) Numerical Based: G02 eet ae ee 1 if a,b, c be the sides of a tangle ABC with right angle at C. The medians AD and BE have slopes 1 and 2 respectively. Then ab = kc" where 36k equals A ling passes tivough the point P (2, 3) and makes an angle 0 with positive direction of xaxis. Ifit meets the a represerited by x’ - 2xy — y’ = 0 at the points A and B. If PA: PB = 17, then the value of 12 ois = — The base AB of a triangle is 1 and height h of C from AB is less than or equal to 3 The ‘maximum value of the 4 times the product of the altitudes of the triangle is, Coordinate of any point P are (4, 8). IA and B are variable points on straight lines. y= 2x respectively. Then find minimum value of (PA + PB + AB)* Comprehension : i ‘Comprehension —{: Read the following comprehension carefully: A triangle ABC is given where vertex A is (1, 1) and the orthocenter is (2, 4). Also sides AB and BC are members of the family of lines ax + by + 1. =Owhere a, b, care in AP. Triangle ABC is a, (A) obtuse angled triangle {B) tight angled triangle (C) acute angled triangle {D) equilateral triangle The coordinate of the circumicentre is 17 4 (A) 6,1) ) & i) (D) Rone of these N ‘MegacosmCognitions Pvt.Ltd, 57, Kalu Sarat, Sarvapiva Vike, New Delhi -110 O27, Email: enquiryBmegacosmcogahions.com magecoamicog tions com Webate wor:RSM-192141721-P1-MA-Straght Line 59 a 3. Angular bisector of the angle A of triangle ABC is, (A)( 87 -1)x-6y+.7- V7 =0 (8) (14.137) +6y-(7+ 87-0 (0) V57 + 1}x-6y+(7+ 37) =0 (0) none of these : ‘Comprehension - il: Read the following comprehension carefully: ‘There is @ point inside an equilateral triangle ABC of side d whose distance from the vertices is 3, 4, “6, Rotate the triangle and P thraugh 60° about C. Let A goto A’ and P to P’. Now answer the following questions based on the above comprehen: 4. The area of triangle PA P' is (A)8 . (B) 12 : @se . ~ (D) none of these 5. The angle APB is equal fo (a) 90" (8) 120° (c) 150° (0) none of these 6 The value of dis (A) 25 + 123 (8) 25-12N3 (C)5+ 1208 (0) 25 + 24,8 Comprehension — It: Read the following comprehension carefully: —tetOP = r and ZXQP-=-6"then the ‘position of P in polar coordinate system is represented by (r, 8). OX and.O are called the initial line and pole respectively. _ Ifp be the length of perpendicular from origin to line and if «. is, the angle which the perpendicular to the line makes with the initial line, The equation of line is given by r cos (8 ~ a) Now answer the following questions based on the above comprehension: 7. _ The polar coordinates of the foot of perpendicular from the pole on the line joining the two Points (r, 61) and (Fo, 02) are w | tify Sin(02 —0,) ten! (se =1,0080, J ; A +8 —2rfac0510,~ 0)" Fp sind, ~,sin6, ®) lie U8 +04) tan (S28 aes) i +13 -2rg_c08(0, 8p)" Fpsin®, —F,sin, sind ~ sin, i { } © ff sin(0, 04) tan [eee al [eee (O) none of these