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W8,9,10 Chapter 5-Statically Determinate Trusses

This document provides an overview of analyzing statically determinate truss structures. It discusses pinned truss structures and their determinacy. Methods for analyzing trusses include the method of joints, which satisfies equilibrium at each joint to determine member forces, and the method of sections, which uses equilibrium on cut sections. It also discusses determining truss deflection using the unit load method by applying real and virtual loads. The learning outcomes are to understand truss applications and analyze reactions, axial forces, and deflections in determinate trusses. Several examples demonstrate applying these analysis methods to solve for member forces and deflections.

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Nor Hakim
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162 views38 pages

W8,9,10 Chapter 5-Statically Determinate Trusses

This document provides an overview of analyzing statically determinate truss structures. It discusses pinned truss structures and their determinacy. Methods for analyzing trusses include the method of joints, which satisfies equilibrium at each joint to determine member forces, and the method of sections, which uses equilibrium on cut sections. It also discusses determining truss deflection using the unit load method by applying real and virtual loads. The learning outcomes are to understand truss applications and analyze reactions, axial forces, and deflections in determinate trusses. Several examples demonstrate applying these analysis methods to solve for member forces and deflections.

Uploaded by

Nor Hakim
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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BASIC STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS

ANALYSIS OF STATICALLY DETERMINATE


STRUCTURE:

CHAPTER 5
PINNED JOINTED
TRUSSES

WEEK 8,9&10
OBE- [CO1- PO1]

DR. NOR MASLINA BINTI MOHSAN


FKA, UITM PAHANG
CO1-PO1


CO1 :Compute forces and stability in
statically determinate and indeterminate
structures. (C3)


PO1 :Apply knowledge of mathematics, natural
science, engineering fundamentals and an
engineering specialization to wide practical
procedures and practices.
LEARNING OUTCOMES (LO):

 At the end of the lecture, student will be able to:

1 Understand the application of trusses.

Determine the reactions and axial force in


2
members using method of joints and
method of sections.

Determine the deflection of determinate


3
truss by unit load method.
WHAT IS TRUSSES?

Truss is a structure comprising one or more triangular


units constructed with straight slender members whose
ends are connected at joints.
TYPES OF TRUSSES

1) Pitched Truss (Common truss)


 Most often used for roof construction

2) Parallel Chord Truss (Flat Truss)


 Often used for floor construction.
Typical form of truss structures
Collapse of Roof Trusses in Terengganu
Determinacy of Truss
m + r = 2j ~ statically determinate
m + r > 2j ~ statically indeterminate
m + r < 2j ~ unstable

Where,
m= number of truss members
r= number of external support reactions
j= number of joints
Check the determinacy of the truss system.

m=19, r=3, j=11


m+r=22 = 2xj=22
~statically determinate

m=15, r=4, j=9


m+r=19 > 2xj=18
~statically indeterminate
n=(m+r)-2j = 1
Number of redundancy
= 1(external)
ASSUMPTIONS

 Loads are applied to joints only


 All members connected by pinned joints
 Stress in member is constant along its length
 Weight of truss members can be ignored, compared to
load acting on the truss.
 Every member of the truss is in pure compression and
tension
Cont…

Pinned support of truss


METHOD OF JOINTS

If the truss is in equilibrium (static) condition,


then all joints must be in equilibrium.

Method of joints consists of satisfying the


equilibrium conditions
∑Fx=0 and ∑Fy=0

Used to find all member forces


Example 1
1. Determine the reactions of the truss as shown in Figure Example 1.

2. Using the method of joints, determine the force in each member of


the truss.
15 kN

60° 60°

L
A C
Figure Example 1
Solution:
1. Draw FBD for the truss.
* Shows all unknown reaction forces
*Shows all external loadings.
*Truss members
AB=BA
BC=CB
AC=CA
2. Calculate the supports reactions
Solution (Cont)
3. Calculate members force
*Start calculation at the joint with minimum
unknown (Less unknown)
*Draw internal FBD for the selected joint
*Unknown members force acting at the joint to
be in tension (pulling) on the pin joint.
*Use only ∑𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑜𝑜𝑟𝑟/𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑑𝑑 ∑𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦 to solve the
unknown forces.
4. Move to the next adjunction joint with minimum
unknown. Repeat step 3.
Example 2/ ECS248/DEC 2019
Con’t
Example 3/ECS258/JUN 2019
Con’t
Used if only a few members forces need to be
found.

Consists of cutting the truss into two parts.

Three equations of equilibrium may be applied


to either side of the truss.
∑Mo=0, ∑Fy=0, ∑Fx=0
Example 4
Find the member forces in members HI, HC, CD and ID as shown in Figure
2.3 using the method of sections.

Figure 2.4
Solution:
1. Draw external FBD for the truss.
* Shows all unknown reaction forces
*Shows all external loadings.
2. Calculate the support reactions.
3. Perform the cutting process
*Show the cutting at desired members.
Solution (Cont)
Guideline for cutting
 Cut a truss through a maximum of 3 members of the truss.

One or more of the members must be the desired (unknown)


member.

4. Calculate the desired member force


 For one part of the truss only, take moments about the point
where the two members intersect and solve for member force.
∑M=0
 Solve the other two unknown by using equilibrium equations:
∑𝐹𝐹𝑥𝑥 𝑎𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑑𝑑 ∑𝐹𝐹𝑦𝑦
Solution (Cont)
 Draw internal FBD of the sectioned truss which
has the least number of forces on it.
 Use equilibrium equations to determine
member/internal forces.
Example 5/ECS258/OCT 2016
EXAMPLE 6: ECS258/OCT2016
DEFLECTION OF TRUSS BY ENERGY
METHOD-UNIT LOAD METHOD
Procedure for analysis
1. Calculate all the members force using Real loads
(N)
2. Calculate all the members force using virtual load
of 1kN at desired point where the displacement is
to be determined (n)
3. Calculate the displacement at desired point by:
Δ=Displacement/deflection
∑ 𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁𝑁 N=Real members force
1𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘.∆= n=Virtual members force
𝐴𝐴𝐴𝐴 L=length of member
A=cross-sectional area of
member
E=Young’s modulus
Example 2
1. Calculate all the member force using real
loads (N)

2. Calculate all the member force using virtual


loads- 1 kN vertical load at Joint B (n)
Homework
3. Tabulate all members force in table Fill in

No. Members Length, L (m) N (kN) nVB (kN) N.nVB.L (kN2m)


1 AB -12.5
2 AE 3 -7.5
3 EB 4 0
4 ED 3 -7.5
5 BD 12.5
6 BC 3 -27
7 CD 4 0
Total

Fill in Fill in
Sum all
Example 6
1. Calculate all the member force using real loads (N)

2. Calculate all the member force using virtual loads-


1 kN horizontal load at Joint C (n)
3. Tabulate all members force in table

No. Members Length, L (m) N (kN) nHC (kN) N.nHC.L (kN2m)


1 AD
2 AB
3 BC -19.21
4 BD -21
5 CD
Total
Fill in Fill in
SUMMARY

 Solve the reactions and axial force in


members using method of joints and method
of sections.
 Solve the deflection using unit load method.

 END OF TOPIC 2.4


TUTORIAL
1. ECS258/SEPT 2015/Q1

1. ECS248/JUN 2019/Q4
TUTORIAL
2. ECS248/JUN 2019/Q4
Credit to: Nurul Farraheeda Bt Abdul Rahman

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