AV900 Ventilator

Service Manual

Quality and Assurance in Anaesthesia

IMPORTANT

Servicing and Repairs

In order to ensure the full operational life of this

ventilator, servicing by a Penlon-trained
engineer should be undertaken periodically.

The ventilator must be serviced to the following

schedule:

(a) Six monthly service - inspection and

function testing.
(b) Annual service.
(c) Five year major service including battery
replacement.

Details of these operations are given in the

AV900 Service Manual, available only for
Penlon trained engineers.

For any enquiry regarding the servicing or repair

of this product, contact the nearest accredited
Penlon agent:

or communicate directly with:

Service Department
Penlon Limited
Radley Road
Abingdon
OX14 3PH
UK

Tel: 01235 547063

Fax: 01235 547062
E-mail: service@penlon.co.uk

Always give as much of the following

information as possible:

1. Type of equipment
2. Product name
3. Serial number
4. Approximate date of purchase
5. Apparent fault

(i)
FOREWORD

This manual has been produced to provide

authorised personnel with information on the
function, routine performance, servicing and
maintenance checks applicable to the
AV900 Anaesthesia Ventilator.

Information contained in this manual is

correct at the date of publication.
The policy of Penlon Limited is one of
continued improvement to its products.
Because of this policy, Penlon Limited
reserves the right to make any changes
which may affect instructions in this manual,
without giving prior notice.

Personnel must make themselves familiar

with the contents of this manual and the
machine’s function before using the
apparatus.

Copyright © Penlon Limited, 2002

All rights reserved.

(ii)
CONTENTS
Page No.

USER RESPONSIBILITY . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1
1. WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2
2. PURPOSE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7

3. DESCRIPTION
3.1 General . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
3.2 Ventilation Cycle . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10

3.3 Pneumatic System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12

3.3.1 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
3.3.2 Compliance Compensation and Fresh Gas Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
3.3.3 User Selectable Inspiratory Pause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3.4 Automatic Altitude Compensation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3.5 Patient Gas pressure transducer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3.6 High Pressure Protection . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
3.3.7 Spirometry . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14

3.4 Oxygen Monitor (optional) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

3.4.1 System Operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.4.2 The MOX-3 Oxygen Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
3.4.3 Display . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.4.4 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
3.4.5 Alarm Mute. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

3.5 Control Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

3.5.1 System Controls and Parameters. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.5.2 Power Switch . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
3.5.3 Touchscreen Operation and Navigator Wheel / Push Button . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
3.5.4 On-screen Menus . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.5.5 Mode selection. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.5.6 Tidal Volume Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 24
3.5.7 Ventilation Rate Control . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.5.8 Ventilation I:E Ratio . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.5.9 Airway Pressure Limit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.5.10 Alarm Mute . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.5.11 Inspiratory Pause . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.5.12 Print . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 26
3.5.13 Waveform Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 27

3.6 Rear Panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30

3.7 Message Displays . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
3.8 Back-up Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
3.9 Operational Capability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34

4. SPECIFICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Ventilator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
Oxygen Monitor . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38

(iii)
CONTENTS

5. PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES
5.1 Ventilator Set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.1.1 Components Supplied with the Ventilator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.1.2 Mounting the Ventilator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.1.3 Ventilator Electrical Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.1.4 Ventilator Gas Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
5.1.5 Spirometer Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
5.1.6 Spirometer Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.2 Bellows Assemblies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
5.3 Pre-use Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.3.1 Daily Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.3.2 Weekly Checklist . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48

5.4 Oxygen Monitor Set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

5.4.1 Installation . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.4.2 Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.4.3 Sensor Low Indication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
5.4.4 Setting the High and Low O2 Alarms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 51
6. CLINICAL OPERATION
6.1 Before Using the Ventilator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.2 Setting the Parameters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.3 Positive End Expiratory Pressure (PEEP) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
6.4 Bellows Pressure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53

7. SERVICE SCHEDULE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54

8. SERVICE PROCEDURES . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
8.1 Cleaning . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
8.2 Sterilisation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
8.3 Tubing Connectors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
8.4 Fitting the Annual Preventive Maintenance Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 79
8.5 Fitting the Five Year Kit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81
8.6 Manifold Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
8.7 Electrical Power Supply Unit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 83
8.8 Main PCB Tray Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
8.9 Spirometer System Sensor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
8.10 Screen and Display PCB Assembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
8.11 Oxygen Sensor Unit - Remove and Refit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86

9. SERVICE KITS and PARTS LISTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Preventive Maintenance Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87
Ventilator Mounting Kits . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92
Parts Lists . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 94

10. APPENDIX
Back-up Battery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 103
Print-out Examples . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 104
Wiring Diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 106

(iv)
USER RESPONSIBILITY

This anaesthesia ventilator has been built to Statements in this manual preceded by the
conform with the specification and operating following words are of special significance:
procedures stated in this manual and/or
accompanying labels and notices when WARNING means there is a
checked, assembled, operated, maintained possibility of injury to
and serviced in accordance with these yourself or others.
instructions.
CAUTION means there is a possibility
To ensure the safety of this device it must be of damage to the apparatus
checked and serviced to at least the or other property.
minimum standards laid out in this manual. A
defective, or suspected defective, product NOTE indicates points of particular
must not under any circumstances be used. interest for more efficient
and convenient operation.
The user must accept responsibility for any
malfunction which results from non-
compliance with the servicing requirements Always take particular notice of the
detailed in this manual. warnings, cautions and notes provided
throughout this manual.
Additionally, the user must accept
responsibility for any malfunction which may
result from misuse of any kind or non-
compliance with other requirements detailed
in this manual.

Worn, broken, distorted, contaminated or

missing components must be replaced
immediately. Should such a repair become
necessary it is recommended that a request
for service advice be made to the nearest
Penlon accredited agent.

This device and any of its constituent parts

must be repaired only in accordance with
written instructions issued by Penlon Limited
and must not be altered or modified in any
way without the written approval of Penlon
Limited. The user of this equipment shall
have the sole responsibility for any
malfunction which results from improper
use, maintenance, repair, damage or
alteration by anyone other than Penlon or its
appointed agents.

USA and Canadian Federal Law restricts the

sale and use of this device to, or on the order
of, a licensed practitioner.

1
1. WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

The following WARNINGS and CAUTIONS 7. The driving gas is discharged through
must be read and understood before using the opening in the back of the ventilator
control unit.
this ventilator.
The discharged gas may contaminate
the environment, and should therefore
WARNINGS be extracted using a gas scavenging
system.
General Information
8. The bellows can only support
1. Personnel must make themselves approximately 1 kPa (10 cmH2O)
familiar with the contents of this differential positive pressure, above
manual and the machine’s function which it may be dislodged from the
before using the ventilator. mounting ring, resulting in dangerous
malfunction of the ventilator.

Before Using the Ventilator

Do not connect a PEEP valve or other
2. Before the ventilator is used clinically restrictive device to the exhaust port on
for the first time, verify that the hospital the bellows base.
engineering department has carried out
an earth continuity test. This would increase the pressure inside
the bellows and the bellows could
3. Excessive electronic noise caused by detach from the base, causing serious
other poorly regulated devices, such as malfunction.
an electrocautery unit, may adversely
interfere with the proper functioning of 9. The breathing system which conveys
the ventilator. gases from the anaesthetic machine to
the patient, and disposes of expired
To avoid this problem, do not connect gases, is a vital part of the anaesthetic
the ventilator’s power cord into the delivery system.
same electrical wall outlet or adaptor Because breathing systems require
strip into which an electrocautery unit frequent cleaning and disinfection they
is connected. are not a permanent part of the
anaesthetic ventilator and therefore
4. If used with a mains extension cord, the cannot be directly under the control of
unit may be subject to electro-magnetic the anaesthetic ventilator manufacturer.
interference. However, we strongly recommend that
only breathing systems which have
5. The driving gas supply must be clean been approved and authorised by
and dry to prevent ventilator Penlon for use with AV900 should be
malfunction. employed.

6. This ventilator is designed to be driven Do not use conductive or anti-static

by oxygen or medical air only. It is breathing system hoses.
calibrated during manufacture for use
with either gas. When mechanical ventilation is
Before the ventilator is used clinically employed the patient breathing system
for the first time, the commissioning must be connected directly to a
engineer must confirm that the internal pressure relief valve to prevent the
Air/Oxygen switch is set correctly for possibility of barotrauma.
the gas that is to be used.
The use of any other gas will cause
inaccurate operation and may damage 10. Do not connect a spirometer to the
the ventilator, resulting in potential exhaust port on the bellows base.
injury to the patient. The device will not measure exhaled
volumes.

2
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

11. The operation of each alarm function 17. The basic model AV900 is not equipped
should be verified daily. with an oxygen analyser.
It is recommended that the patient
Periodically check the alarms at oxygen concentration should be
clinically suitable intervals. If the monitored continuously, at or near the
audible alarm or the visual indicator of proximal airway with an oxygen
any alarm function fails to activate monitor that includes high/low alarms.
during any alarm condition or fails to
reset after the alarm has been cleared, 18. If the drive gas supply pressure drops
refer the unit to an authorised service below a nominal 250 kPa (35 psig), the
technician. LOW DRIVE GAS SUPPLY alarm will
activate both audibly and visually.
12. Before using the ventilator check that Patient minute volume may be reduced
all connections are correct, and verify due to lowered flow rates
that there are no leaks.
19. An audible alarm indicates an
Patient circuit disconnects are a hazard anomalous condition and should never
to the patient. Extreme care should be go unheeded.
taken to prevent such occurrences.
20. The characteristics of the breathing
It is recommended that Penlon circuit connected between the
Safelock fittings are used throughout ventilator and the patient can modify or
the breathing circuit. change patient ventilation.
To assist the maintenance of the
delivered patient tidal volume, the
Using the Ventilator ventilator control system software
includes:
13. This apparatus must not be used with, A) a compliance compensation
or in close proximity to, flammable algorithm,
anaesthetic agents. B) a fresh gas compensation algorithm.
There is a possible fire or explosion
hazard. However, patient ventilation must be
monitored independently from the
14. Anaesthesia apparatus must be ventilator.
connected to an anaesthetic gas It is the responsibility of the user to
scavenging system to dispose of waste monitor patient ventilation.
gas and prevent possible health
hazards to operating room staff. This 21. On models with spirometry, the
requirement must be observed during spirometer flow sensor must be
test procedures as well as during use installed between the absorber and the
with a patient. ventilator bellows.
Any problem arising from an A breathing system filter, or heat and
improperly functioning scavenging moisture exchanger (HME), must be
system is solely the user’s connected upstream of the sensor to
responsibility. prevent blockage of the side-stream
sample lines
15. When the ventilator is connected to a
patient, it is recommended that a 22. The Vent Inop (ventilator inoperative)
qualified practitioner is in attendance alarm indicates that one of the
at all times to react to an alarm or other following conditions has occurred:
indication of a problem. A) The drive gas solenoid has failed.
B) The flow control valve has failed.
16. In compliance with good anaesthesia C) Internal electronic fault.
practice, an alternative means of D) Internal electrical fault.
ventilation must be available whenever E) Software error.
the ventilator is in use. Note that if a ventilator error is
detected, an error code will be
displayed on the front control panel
display.
23. The High and Low Airway Pressure
3
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

Alarms are important for patient care. by unauthorised personnel and the
The ventilator is designed to be used apparatus must not be operated with
with a distal sensing tee only. such panels missing.
(Catalogue No. 53194, Breathing There is a possible electric shock
System Tee Assembly - see section 8). hazard.

It is important that the distal sensing

tee is properly located in the expiratory Bellows Assembly
limb of the circuit between the patient 29. The valve seat on the patient gas
and the expiratory one way valve. exhalation diaphragm valve in the base
See section 5.1.4. of the bellows assembly must be
cleaned regularly - see section 7.2
Failure to keep the valve seat clean
could result in the diaphragm sticking,
User Maintenance thus preventing exhalation.

Control Unit Great care must be taken not to

24. Opening the control unit by damage the precision surface of the
unauthorised personnel automatically valve seat on the patient gas exhalation
voids all warranties and specifications. diaphragm valve in the base of the
bellows assembly.
Prevention of tampering with the
control unit is exclusively the user’s Never use any hard object or abrasive
responsibility. If the control unit seal is detergent to clean it; use only a soft
broken, the manufacturer assumes no cloth.
liability for any malfunction or failure of If the valve seat is damaged, the valve
the ventilator. will leak and may cause serious
ventilator malfunction.
25. For continued protection against fire
hazards, replace the two fuses only
with the identical type and rating of
CAUTIONS
fuse.
See section 4.41 for fuse rating.

26. If the internal battery is fully

discharged, the ventilator will not
function in the event of mains power
failure. The battery must be recharged
before the ventilator is used clinically,
otherwise backup cannot be
guaranteed.
See section 10 for battery maintenance.
See also CAUTION No. 7.

Used or defective batteries must be

disposed of according to hospital,
local, state, and federal regulations.

27. No oil, grease or other flammable

lubricant or sealant must be used on
any part of the ventilator in close
proximity to medical gas distribution
components.
There is a risk of fire or explosion.

28. Exterior panels must not be removed

4
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS

1. Do not sterilise the ventilator control unit.

The internal components are not
compatible with sterilisation techniques
and damage may result.

2. For ventilator components which require

sterilisation, peak sterilisation
temperatures should not exceed 136oC
(275oF) to prevent possible damage. (See
sections 7.2 and 7.3).

3. Those parts suitable for ethylene oxide

sterilisation should, following sterilisation,
be quarantined in a well ventilated area to
allow dissipation of residual gas absorbed
by the components.
Follow the steriliser manufacturer’s
recommendations for any special aeration
periods required.

4. The exhalation valve located in the

bellows base assembly and the paediatric
bellows adaptor must be cleaned and
sterilised separately. See sections 7.2 and
7.3.

5. Care must be taken not to let any liquid

run into the control unit; serious damage
may result.

6. Always check for correct fitment, and carry

out a full function test before clinical use, if
the bellows has been removed and refitted
for any reason. See sections 5.2 and 7.2.

7. Damage may occur to the battery if it is

allowed to remain in a discharged state.
Check the battery frequently if the
ventilator is in storage (see Appendix 1).

5
WARNINGS AND CAUTIONS - Oxygen Monitor

Oxygen Monitor NOTES

1. The O2 SENSOR FAULT alarm indicates
that one of the following conditions has
WARNINGS
occurred.
1. We recommend calibration of the
a) Internal electrical fault
oxygen monitor every time the system
b) Software/electronics fault
is turned on, as a safety precaution.
c) Oxygen sensor fault.
2. Do not attempt to open the fuel cell.
2. The concentration read-out may, in certain
The sensor contains small quantities of
conditions of excess pressure, show a
:
value above 100%.
a) electrolyte, classified as a harmful
To accommodate these conditions it is
irritant which is potentially hazardous,
possible to set the high alarm value up to
and
105% (see section 5.4.4).
b) lead.
3. To maintain maximum sensor life, always
Used or defective batteries must be
remove the unit from the breathing circuit
disposed of according to hospital,
local, state, and federal regulations. after use.

3. ALWAYS check the integrity of the

sensor assembly before use. See
section 3.4.

4. Once exhausted, the sensor must be

disposed of according to hospital,
local, state and federal regulations.

5. The sensor measures oxygen partial

pressure, and its output will rise and
fall due to pressure change.
An increase in pressure of 10% at he
sensor inlet will produce a 10%
increase in sensor output.

CAUTIONS
1. Do not sterilise the oxygen sensor or
control unit components.
These components are not compatible
with sterilisation techniques and damage
may result.

2. Do not autoclave or expose the sensor to

high temperatures.

3. If the sensor shows signs of being affected

by condensation, dry the sensor with soft
tissue.
Do not use heat to dry the sensor.

6
2. PURPOSE

The AV900 Ventilator is a software

controlled, multi-mode ventilator, designed
for mechanical ventilation of adult and
paediatric patients under general
anaesthesia.
In addition, in spontaneous mode, it can be
used to monitor spontaneously breathing
patients
It is designed for use in closed-circuit
anaesthesia and also to drive a Mapleson D
circuit.

Indications for use of the device:

The AV900 Ventilator is intended to provide

continuous mechanical ventilatory support
during anaesthesia. The ventilator is a
restricted medical device intended for use by
qualified trained personnel under the
direction of a physician. Specifically the
ventilator is applicable for adult and
paediatric patients.
The ventilator is intended for use by health
care providers, i.e. Physicians, Nurses and
Technicians with patients during general
anaesthesia

Oxygen Monitor (optional)

The Oxygen Monitor is intended to
continuously measure and display the
concentration of oxygen in breathing gas
mixtures used in anaesthesia, and is
intended for adult, paediatric and neonatal
patients.
The oxygen monitor is a module within an
anaesthesia machine.
The oxygen monitor is intended for use by
health care providers, i.e. Physicians,
Nurses and Technicians for use with patients
during general anaesthesia.

7
3. DESCRIPTION

Bellows Housing

Bellows Base

Control Unit

AV900 Ventilator

3.1 General Description The bellows unit can be easily detached and
then refitted to the bellows base assembly to
The AV900 is a time-cycled, facilitate cleaning.
volume/pressure controlled, and pressure
limited ventilator for closed circuit ventilation The ventilator drive gas supply can be
or for use with a Mapleson D circuit. oxygen or air, and the supply must be at 38
to 100 psig. Note that the drive gas is
The ventilator is compliance compensated specified by the customer prior to delivery.
and has a user selectable option of an To change the drive gas, refer to a Penlon-
inspiratory pause fixed at 25% of the trained service engineer.
inspiratory time.
In addition, models with spirometry are fresh Options
gas compensated. Models are available with
A) spirometry,
The print function provides a permanent B) an integral oxygen monitor to measure
record of function activity for up to eight oxygen concentration in the breathing circuit,
hours during a procedure, or can be used to C) Paediatric bellows assembly.
record waveforms.

8
 Bellows Drive
Gas Inlet Port
Breathing Do NOT connect
spirometer
System
Port

Pressure
Spirometer Transducer
connectors connector

DANGER - PATIENT PRESSURE

POSSIBLE EXPLOSION -20 to 100
HAZARD. DO NOT USE
IN THE PRESENCE OF cmH2O/Pa x100
FLAMMABLE
ANAESTHETICS SPIRO
!
OXYGEN
MONITOR
SENSOR

RS232 PORT PRINTER PORT COMMS PORT

EXHAUST VALVE MAINS SUPPLY

OXYGEN/AIR
38 - 100 psi CONNECT TO SCAVENGE
Drive Gas
2.6 - 6.9 Bar
262 - 689 kPa

T. 2 AH 240 V

Penlon Limited
Abingdon, Oxon
OX14 3PH
CAUTION - ELECTRIC Tel 01235 547001 CLASS 1
SHOCK HAZARD. Fax 01235 547031 VOLTAGE 100-240 VAC
DO NOT REMOVE COVER. Tested by: Serial No.
CURRENT 0.30A - 0.18A
REFER TO QUALIFIED
MADE IN UK FREQUENCY 50/60 Hz
SERVICE PERSONNEL.

Rear Panel and Gas Ports

9
DESCRIPTION

3.2 Ventilation Cycle

This section provides a simplified description of the ventilation cycle.

1. Beginning of
Inspiratory
Phase

PATIENT Drive gas pressure

GAS OUT TO builds up above the
BREATHING bellows, which
CIRCUIT starts to move
down, forcing
patient gas into the
DRIVE GAS IN breathing system.

2. End of
Inspiratory
Phase

The main drive gas

valve closes and
the bellows stops
moving.

MAIN DRIVE
GAS VALVE
CLOSED

10
DESCRIPTION

3. Beginning of
Expiratory
Phase

The exhaust valve

opens, allowing the
drive gas above the
bellows to escape to
atmosphere.

The bellows starts to

rise and exhaled gas
enters the bellows.

EXHAUST
VALVE

4. End of
Expiratory
BELLOWS Phase
EXHALATION
DIAPHRAGM
The bellows
VALVE
e x h a l a t i o n
diaphragm valve in
the base of the
bellows assembly
BELLOWS
EXHAUST PORT opens when the
bellows reaches the
top of the chamber.
Patient circuit gas
exits through the
bellows assembly
exhaust port, and
then through the
ventilator exhaust
EXHAUST
valve.
VALVE

11
 DESCRIPTION

3 Manifold Assembly

4 5 6 8
7
1

2
9

16

11
12 13 17

10
14

Exhaust Manifold Block

15

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM DIAGRAM

1. Gas supply 10. Exhaust outlets
2. Input gas filter 11. Pressure relief valve
3. Low supply pressure detector 12. Exhaust valve
4. Input pressure regulator 13. Proportional valve
5. Test point 14. Drive gas over-pressure switch
6. Inspiratory valve 15. Outlet to bellows assembly
7. Drive gas flow metering valve 16. Pressure transducer
8. Stepper motor and feedback 17. Inlet from breathing circuit
potentiometer (for 7)
9. Expiratory valve

3.3 Pneumatic System The gas source is connected to the DRIVE

GAS SUPPLY DISS fitting on the rear of the
3.3.1 System Operation ventilator control unit. The gas supply should
be capable of a flow rate of 80 L/min while
Refer to the system diagram above and the maintaining a minimum pressure in excess
illustrations on the next page. of 38 psig.
The drive gas is filtered with a 40-micron
The AV900 Ventilator is designed to operate Input Gas Filter which protects the
on a 38-100 psig drive gas supply (oxygen or pneumatic components from incoming
air, to the customer’s requirement). particulate matter.

12
 DESCRIPTION

PNEUMATIC SYSTEM COMPONENTS

1. Gas supply inlet

2. Input gas filter
3. Low supply pressure detector
4. Input pressure regulator
2 5. Test point
1
6. Inspiratory valve
7. Drive gas flow metering valve
8. Stepper motor and feedback
potentiometer (for 7)
3 9. Expiratory valve
10. Exhaust outlet
11. Manifold Block, includes:
Pressure relief valve
Exhaust valve
12. Bellows drive gas connector
13. Driving gas over-pressure switch
14. Pressure transducer
15. Inlet from breathing circuit /
manometer connection

1
12
13
10

5 15
Pneumatic Assembly

14
9

7 6

13
DESCRIPTION

The Low Supply Pressure Detector is a 3.3.2 Compliance Compensation

pressure switch set at a predetermined level and Fresh Gas Compensation
to detect a loss or reduction of the input gas
source pressure. When the pressure falls WARNING
below 38 psig, the LOW SUPPLY The AV900 has circuit compliance
PRESSURE indicator will be displayed and compensation (and fresh gas
the high priority audible alarm will activate. compensation on models fitted with
spirometry).
The Input Pressure Regulator conditions the However, the actual tidal volume
input drive gas to a stable 35 psig pressure delivered to the patient may be different
which will operate the internal pneumatic to the ventilation parameters set by the
system. user, due to:
A) an extreme compliance condition,
The Inspiratory Valve is an electro- B) a substantial system leak,
pneumatically-driven valve with a large C) patient circuit pressure effects, or
orifice. The valve supplies the drive gas to D) extreme fresh gas flows
the Drive Gas Flow Metering Valve .
In addition, high fresh gas flows will lead
The Drive Gas Flow Metering Valve is a to an increased Vt being delivered to the
variable-orifice needle valve which patient.
determines the drive gas flow rate of the Note that on models fitted with
bellows during inspiration. spirometry, the actual tidal volume
exhaled will be displayed.
The Valve Position Feedback Potentiometer
and the Flow Control Motor function together The patient must be monitored
to set a flow rate as required by the front independently from the ventilator.
panel controls. It is the responsibility of the user to
monitor the patient for adequate
The flow from the Drive Gas Flow Metering ventilation.
Valve goes to the Bellows Assembly, via the
drive connector. The flow then closes the Circuit Compliance Compensation
exhalation diaphragm valve and pushes the A compliance compensation algorithm is
bellows downward. built into the control software which monitors
As the bellows moves downwards, the gas the volume of gas delivered and the rate of
inside the bellows is forced into the pressure rise.
Breathing System. It calculates an additional volume to deliver
into the breathing system to compensate for
At the end of inspiration the exhaust valve the reduced volume delivered to the patient
opens and allows the drive gas in the top of as a result of the increased breathing system
the bellows housing to exhaust out through pressure.
the Exhaust Outlet. As a safety feature, this additional volume is
restricted to a maximum of 15% of the set
As the pressure in the top of the bellows tidal volume irrespective of the maximum
housing is reduced to zero, the patient pressure rise.
exhales into the breathing system and the
bellows rises. Fresh Gas Compensation
A fresh gas compensation algorithm is built
into the control software.
Delivered volume will be altered by up to
50% to allow compensation for fresh gas.
Fresh gas compensation is disabled if the
spirometry system is turned OFF through the
menu system.
14
DESCRIPTION

3.3.3 User Selectable Inspiratory 3.3.6 High Pressure Protection

Pause High pressure in the ventilator is limited by
A user selectable inspiratory pause is three independent protective systems.
provided which, when activated, holds the The pressure transducer has already been
inspiratory phase at the end of inspiration, described.
for a period of 25% of the inspiratory time In addition, the Driving Gas Over-pressure
before reverting to the expiratory phase. switch is set at 80 cmH2O and will shut off
NOTE drive gas flow at this value.
Inspiratory Pause function is not available Further, the Pressure Relief Valve is a
in PRESSURE mode and SPONTANEOUS mechanical over-pressure relief which will
mode. open at 80 cmH2O, diverting the driving gas
to atmosphere through the exhaust port.
The Exhaust Outlet on the back of the
3.3.4 Automatic Altitude control unit accepts the drive gas exhaust
Compensation from all internal pneumatic components.
Ambient pressure is monitored and the
ventilator automatically compensates the
delivered volume according to the local 3.3.7 Spirometry System
atmospheric pressure. Spirometry (if fitted) can be enabled /
disabled via the on-screen menu system.
NOTE
3.3.5 Patient Gas Pressure If the spirometry system is turned OFF, fresh
Transducer gas compensation is disabled.
The Patient Gas Pressure Transducer is
connected to the patient breathing system
via the rear panel.
In VOLUME CYCLE mode whenever this
pressure exceeds the maximum working
pressure as set on the front panel an alarm
is activated and the following occurs:
1. The HIGH AIRWAY PRESSURE
visual indicator is illuminated (high
priority alarm).
2. The audible alarm is activated (high
priority alarm).
3. The Inspiratory Valve is closed, and
the inspiration cycle is ended.
Note:
The rate of breaths per minute will
be affected in this condition as the
ventilator will cease to deliver flow
above the maximum working
pressure.
WARNING
If this note is ignored, the patient may
receive an insufficient minute volume.

In PRESSURE controlled mode, when the

set pressure is reached the following occurs:
1. The Inspiratory valve is closed.
2. The ventilator maintains the set
pressure until the end of the
inspiration cycle.

15
DESCRIPTION - O2 Monitor

3.4 Oxygen Monitor (Optional)

The oxygen monitor continuously measures and

indicates the concentration of oxygen in the
breathing system, and triggers an alarm when the
concentration varies from the set levels.

3.4.1 System Description

The Oxygen Monitor uses a fast-responding,
oxygen-specific, self powered sensor that
achieves 90% of final value in less than 10
seconds.

Sensor life:
approximately 1 500 000 O2 percent hours at External probe and cable
20oC on a standard 15 mm Tee
(minimum one year in most normal adaptor
applications). The probe can also be
mounted on the dome of the
An external probe is supplied with a 2 m (6 ft) inspiratory valve of a circle
extendable cable and diverter fitting for a standard system absorber (see
15 mm Tee adaptor. The probe has a safety lock. section 5.4).
The system has user-adjustable high-level and
low-level alarms with visual and audible indication
of alarm conditions.

3.4.2 The MOX-3 Oxygen Sensor

The MOX-3 oxygen sensor offers quick response,
linear output over the entire 0-100% oxygen
range, and long service life.

The MOX-3 is a self-powered galvanic cell that

generates current, and the current is proportional
to the rate of oxygen consumption.

The cell has a highly stable output over its

operating life. Significant output loss is only shown
at the very end of its life.
Typical sensor drift rates are less than 1% per
month when the sensor is exposed to gas in
typical applications.
Sensor lifetime is governed by the mass of lead
available to react with the oxygen and its rate of
consumption. High oxygen partial pressure and
high temperature will increase the sensor output
current, thus shortening the operation life.
Nevertheless, average sensor life will still exceed
one year.
At the point where all lead has been consumed,
the output will fall very quickly to zero over a
period of two to three weeks.
16
DESCRIPTION - O2 Monitor

3.4.3 Display
High-set, low-set, and oxygen concentration High Alarm Set
percentage readings are displayed on %O2 100 Value
screen. 25 20

Oxygen Concentration Low Alarm Set

The display provides a direct readout of Value
measured oxygen concentrations in the
range 0-100%. Measured O2
concentration
Low Alarm Set - limited within 18-99%
The oxygen percentage, set by the user, at
which the low alarm will be activated. Oxygen Monitor Display
To set the low oxygen alarm, see section
5.4.4

High Alarm Set - limited within 19-105%

The oxygen percentage, set by the user, a) The legend O2 SENSOR FAULT will
which the high alarm will be activated. illuminate.
Note that in certain conditions of excess b) A high priority audible alarm will sound.
pressure, the readout may show a value To cancel this alarm, check the sensor
above 100%.. connection or replace the sensor.
To set the high alarm, see section 5.4.4.
O2 SENSOR LOW
This alarm indicates the sensor has
3.4.4 Oxygen Monitor Alarms approached the end of its life.
The legend O2 SENSOR LOW will be
HIGH O2 ALARM displayed, and a low priority audible alarm will
The high O2 alarm is triggered when the sound.
oxygen concentration is 1% above the set The sensor must be replaced as the output
value. will fall very quickly to zero within two to three
a) The High O2 Alarm visual indicator will weeks of normal usage.
illuminate. See section 7.5 for sensor replacement.
b) A high priority audible alarm will sound.
To cancel this alarm, the high alarm setting
must be equal to, or above the oxygen
concentration.
3.4.5 Oxygen Monitor Alarm Mute

LOW O2 ALARM In an alarm condition, pressing the ALARM

The low alarm is triggered when the oxygen MUTE button will deactivate the audible alarm
concentration is 1% below the set value. but the alarm message display will remain on
a) The Low O2 Alarm visual indicator will screen.
illuminate. The switch will illuminate, and a single ‘beep’
b) A high priority audible alarm will sound. will sound.
To cancel this alarm, the low alarm setting The alarm mute can not be operated:
must be equal to, or below the oxygen a) until the mute time is over, or the alarm
concentration. condition has been rectified.
b) when the oxygen concentration drops
O2 SENSOR FAULT below 18%.
The alarm is triggered:
i) when either the oxygen sensor is The mute deactivates the audible alarm for 30
disconnected or approaching the end of its seconds (high priority alarm) and 120
life. seconds (low priority alarm) respectively.
ii) if the the oxygen concentration exceeds
110%.
17
DESCRIPTION

AV900
%O2 100 SET/ INSP WAVE PRINT OFF On/Off Switch
25 20 MEASD PAUSE FREEZE PRESSURE ~ ON
MODE
Pcm
H2O
SPONT
MODE
Alarm Mute

VOLUME
CYCLE Menu Switch
Tsecs
Navigator Wheel
VT MEAS RATE I:E PEEP LIMIT STANDBY and
Litre BPM RATIO cmH2O cmH2O
Press Button
0.75 10 1: 2.0 OFF 35
touchscreen control

3.5 Control Unit

3.5.1 System Controls and Parameters

Ventilator parameters:
VENTILATION MODE
TIDAL VOLUME
RATE
I:E RATIO
INSPIRATORY PAUSE
AIRWAY PRESSURE CONTROL
ELECTRONIC PEEP
MENU FUNCTION
WAVEFORM DISPLAY

The parameters are set on the front panel by using the touchscreen and navigator wheel (see
3.5.3).
Based on the control settings, the system:
1. Calculates INSPIRATORY FLOW, and the INSPIRATORY and EXPIRATORY times (see
section 3.7).
2. Controls the flow metering valve.
3. Displays values for tidal volume, rate, and I:E Ratio on the front panel.
4. Generates the appropriate messages and alarms.

Oxygen Monitor parameters

O2 High Alarm
O2 Low Alarm
The parameters are set via the menu system (see 3.5.4)

18
 DESCRIPTION

AV900
%O2 100 SET/ INSP WAVE
PRINT OFF On/Off Switch
25 20 MEASD PAUSE FREEZE PRESSURE ~ ON
MODE
Pcm Mains Power
H 2O Indicator
SPONT
MODE Alarm Mute

VOLUME
CYCLE Menu Switch
Tsecs
Navigator Wheel
VT MEAS RATE I:E PEEP LIMIT STANDBY and
Litre BPM RATIO cmH2O cmH2O
Press Button
0.75 10 1: 2.0 OFF 35
touchscreen control
Front Panel Controls
3.5.2 Power Switch
OFF
Electrical Circuit Condition
Mains power disconnected - all functions are unpowered.
Mains power connected - the backup battery recharge circuit is live
- the yellow LED is illuminated.
Switch to OFF after use
To switch off, hold down the switch for at least one second.
Screen display shows: POWERING DOWN 5...4...3...2...1....

ON
The ventilator automatically initiates a three second internal test sequence.
During this three seconds,
- the ‘boot up’ screen is displayed, and
- the audible alarms will activate.

After the test sequence, the ventilator switches to STANDBY mode.

STANDBY
The following control/display functions are active in STANDBY mode to allow
system set-up:
TIDAL VOLUME
RATE
I:E RATIO
AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT
PEEP

The following alarms are functional in STANDBY mode:

LOW SUPPLY PRESSURE
MAINS FAILURE
VENT INOP
LOW BATTERY
HIGH AIRWAY PRESSURE
INCORRECT RATE/RATIO
O2 High Alarm (O2 Monitor option)
O2 Low Alarm (O2 Monitor option)
Sensor Fault (O2 Monitor option)

19
 DESCRIPTION

AV900
%O2 100 SET/ INSP WAVE PRINT
OFF
25 20 MEASD PAUSE FREEZE PRESSURE ~ ON
MODE

SPONT
Active Tabs MODE

VOLUME
CYCLE

VT MEAS RATE I:E PEEP LIMIT STANDBY

Litre BPM RATIO cmH2O cmH2O

0.75 10 1: 2.0 OFF 35

touchscreen control

Touchscreen Active Tabs

Turn the wheel to
alter the value of the
active parameter.
3.5.3 Touchscreen Operation and Press to confirm the
Navigator Wheel / Push setting
Button

The functions/parameters shown on the

screen above can be activated by touching
the screen at the appropriate tab area.

Variable parameters can then be altered by

rotating the navigator wheel.

When the required value is displayed, press

the active tab or the wheel to confirm the
setting.

20
DESCRIPTION

3.5.4 On-Screen Menus

To Access:
AV900
Press the menu switch on the front panel to OFF
access the following functions and parameters ~ ON
via drop-down menus:

Oxygen Monitor
Spirometry
Fresh Gas Compensation
Waveform Menu Switch
Service
Escape from Menu

To Exit:
Press the menu switch on the front panel, or,
select ESCAPE FROM MENU and press the Turn the wheel to
wheel. scroll through the
menus.
NOTE Press to enter
The menu window will not be displayed if: sub-menu
A) Control parameters (VT MEAS, BPM, I:E,
PEEP, or LIMIT) are enabled but not
confirmed.
Default menu
B) A display window is active

To Operate: > O2 MONITOR

1. Rotate the navigator wheel clockwise to SPIROMETRY
scroll through the menu options - the FRESH GAS COMPENSATION
cursor ( > ) aligns with each parameter in WAVEFORM
turn. SERVICE
2. Press the wheel to enter the required
ESCAPE FROM MENUS
sub-menu.
3. Rotate the navigator wheel to change
any displayed values, and press to
confirm.
4. To exit the menu display:
A) Press the menu switch on the front
panel .
B) Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS
and press the navigator wheel.

NOTE
A) If confirmation does not take place within
8 seconds, the parameter reverts to its
previous value.
B) If another parameter is selected using the
touchscreen, the menu is de-selected.
C) While any menu is selected:
- the alarms are active,
- the ventilator can be switched off.

21
DESCRIPTION

O2 Monitor sub-menu
(if fitted)
O2 Monitor sub-menu
ON/OFF
Press the navigator wheel to switch > O2 MONITOR : ON
between ON and OFF. CALIBRATION
Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS and
HIGH ALARM SET
press the wheel to exit.
LOW ALARM SET
NOTE ESCAPE FROM MENUS
The oxygen monitor automatically switches
ON and defaults to the previous values for
high and low alarm settings when the
ventilator is switched on.

O2 Monitor sub-menu - calibration

CALIBRATION
Press the navigator wheel to initiate the O2 MONITOR : ON
calibration procedure (see section 5.4.2 for > CALIBRATION
full procedure). HIGH ALARM SET
To exit the menu, scroll to ESCAPE FROM LOW ALARM SET
MENUS and press the wheel.
ESCAPE FROM MENUS

HIGH ALARM SET

O2 Monitor sub-menu - alarms
LOW ALARM SET
Scroll to the required parameter and press O2 MONITOR : ON
the navigator wheel to activate. CALIBRATION
Rotate the navigator wheel again to change > HIGH ALARM SET
the displayed value. LOW ALARM SET
(see section 5.4.4 for full procedure). ESCAPE FROM MENUS

High Alarm range: 19% to 105%

Low Alarm range 18% to 99%

The displayed figure will flash on and off.

Press to confirm.
Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS and
press the wheel to exit.

22
DESCRIPTION

Spirometry Spirometry sub-menu - spirometry

ON/OFF
Press the navigator wheel to switch between ON
and OFF. > SPIROMETRY : ON
Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS and press the CALIBRATION : no cal
wheel to exit. ESCAPE FROM MENUS

NOTE
If the spirometer is switched OFF, fresh gas
compensation is disabled.

Fresh Gas Compensation Fresh Gas Compensation

ON/OFF
O2 MONITOR
Press the navigator wheel to switch between ON
and OFF. SPIROMETRY
Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS and press the > FRESH GAS COMPENSATION : ON
wheel to exit. WAVEFORM
NOTE SERVICE
Fresh Gas Compensation can be switched on ESCAPE FROM MENUS
and off, but is disabled when the spirometer is
switched OFF.

Waveform Waveform sub-menu

Select the required waveform and press the
wheel to confirm.
Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS and press the > PRESSURE v. TIME
wheel to exit. VOLUME v. TIME
PRESSURE v. VOLUME
ESCAPE FROM MENUS

Service
Select the required parameter and press the Service sub-menu
wheel to confirm.
NOTE
a) Use SERIAL MODE to select HP or Spacelabs > SERIAL MODE
monitor types for connection to the COMMS SERVICE 2
PORT (Analogue/Alarm) outlet on the rear panel SERVICE 3
(3.6.10). PIN
b) SERVICE 2 and 3 have no user accessible ENGINEERING MODE
functions. ESCAPE FROM MENUS
c) Access to the PIN menu is restricted to Penlon-
trained service technicians.
d) Use ENGINEERING MODE to access
Date/Time configuration, Display Errors, and
Spirometry calibration functions.

Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS and press the

wheel to exit.
23
DESCRIPTION

3.5.5 Mode Selection NOTE

In Pressure Control Mode the flow is set to
SPONT (spontaneous) maximum to achieve the set inspiratory
Applicable for Vt of ú160 ml. pressure as quickly as possible.
Select by touching the screen tab.
The screen tab will flash. The ventilator will continue to deliver gas
A confirm message will be displayed. until the pressure target is reached.
Press the screen tab, or wheel to confirm. At this point the ventilator will stop delivering
The tab background will change to orange. gas and pause in this condition until the
The ventilator will monitor/display the calculated end of inspiration time has been
functions listed below. reached.
The ventilator will then return to the
VENT INOP
exhalation phase.
HIGH AIRWAY PRESSURE
LOW SUPPLY PRESSURE
The inspiratory pause function does not
LOW AIRWAY PRESSURE
operate in this mode.
(Apnoea)
NEGATIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE
STANDBY MODE
LOW BATTERY
See section 3.5.2
MAINS FAILURE
O2 HIGH / LOW / SENSOR FAULT

If the ventilator is fitted with the spirometer 3.5.6 Tidal Volume Control
option the ventilator will also display the tidal Select by touching the screen tab
volume value, when selected. VT/MEASD / VT/SET.
The tab background will change to orange.
VOLUME CYCLE MODE Rotate the navigator wheel to set the
Select by touching the screen tab.
required volume.
The screen tab will flash.
A confirm message will be displayed.
A confirm message will be displayed.
Press the screen tab, or wheel to confirm.
Press the screen tab, or wheel to confirm.
The tab background will change to orange.
Real-time adjustment is only possible when
Ventilator cycling will commence and all the
the ventilator is in volume set mode.
alarms will be activated.
The inspiratory pause function is available in
this mode.
Displayed values
Maximum breathing system pressure will be Models without spirometry:
monitored The SET/MEASD display indicates the set ,
If maximum breathing system pressure is or measured tidal volume.
reached the ventilator will indicate the alarm Models with spirometry:
HIGH AIRWAY PRESSURE and will In any of the operating modes:
immediately revert to the expiratory phase, Tidal volume (set or measured) - press
(inspiratory pause function will be SET/MEASD
overridden).
NOTE
PRESSURE CONTROL MODE When the ventilator is switched from standby
Select by touching the screen tab. to the required operating mode, the
The screen tab will flash. spirometer will take 1 - 2 minutes before
A confirm message will be displayed. stabilising
Press the screen tab, or wheel to confirm.
If the set parameters are within normal limits,
The tab background will change to orange.
the system will deliver the set volume
Ventilator cycling will commence and all the
indicated.
alarms will be activated, except high airway
pressure. 24
DESCRIPTION

If during adjustment the required flow rate is 3.5.8 Ventilator I:E Ratio
less than 2 L/min or exceeds 75 L/min, the WARNING
set tidal volume will be limited accordingly. The ventilator settings can allow for an
inverse I:E ratio up to 1:0.3. The clinician
WARNING must always ensure that sufficient time is
The AV900 has compliance allowed for the patient to adequately
compensation (and fresh gas exhale.
compensation on models with
spirometry) but the actual tidal volume Select by touching the screen tab I:E RATIO.
delivered to the patient may be different The tab background will change to orange.
to the ventilation parameters set by the
user. Rotate the navigator wheel to set the
This may be due to: required ratio.
A) an extreme compliance condition, The screen tab will flash.
B) a substantial system leak, or A confirm message will be displayed.
C) patient circuit pressure effects. Press the screen tab, or wheel to confirm.
D) extreme fresh gas flow.
If during adjustment the required flow rate is
In addition, high fresh gas flows will lead less than 2 L/min or exceeds 75 L/min, the
to an increased Vt being delivered to the set I:E ratio will be limited accordingly.
patient.
Note that on models fitted with 3.5.9 Airway Pressure Limit
spirometry, the actual tidal volume
(cmH2O)
exhaled will be displayed. Select by touching the screen tab LIMIT
The patient must be monitored (cmH2O).
independently from the ventilator. The tab background will change to orange.
It is the responsibility of the user to
monitor patient ventilation. Rotate the navigator wheel to set the
required pressure.
The screen tab will flash.
3.5.7 Ventilation Rate Control A confirm message will be displayed.
Press the screen tab, or wheel to confirm.
RATE BPM.
Select by touching the screen tab RATE This control sets a maximum breathing
BPM. system pressure as sensed by the pressure
The tab background will change to orange. transducer in the patient breathing circuit.

Rotate the navigator wheel to set the In Volume Cycle mode:

required rate. The inspiratory cycle is terminated whenever
The screen tab will flash. this set pressure is achieved. The ventilator
A confirm message will be displayed. then reverts to the exhalation phase.
Press the screen tab, or wheel to confirm.
In Pressure Controlled mode:
The system will accept the setting as long as a) The inspiration valve is closed when the
the value is within normal limits set pressure is achieved. The ventilator
The display indicates the requested RATE. holds the set pressure until the end of the
calculated inspiratory time, before reverting
If during adjustment the required flow rate is to the exhalation phase.
less than 2 L/min or exceeds 75 L/min, the b) The variable pressure limit control does
set rate will be limited accordingly. not function.

Measured airway pressure is displayed on

screen.
25
DESCRIPTION

3.5.10 Alarm Mute

When the alarm mute push button is depressed
during an alarm condition the audible alarm can be
muted on the alarms listed below for the following
periods:

Airway pressure 30 seconds

Tidal Volume 30 seconds
Incorrect rate or ratio 120 seconds
Low battery 120 seconds only

No other alarm conditions are silenceable.

Mutable alarms will be immediately reinstated upon
fresh alarm conditions.

A mute period countdown sequence (in seconds) is

displayed on-screen.

3.5.11 Inspiratory Pause

In volume ventilation mode depressing the INSP
PAUSE button will allow a 25% inspiratory pause to
be included at the end of the inspiratory phase.
The I:E ratio will be maintained.
To compensate for the reduced inspiratory flow time
period, the inspiratory flow rate is increased (up to a
maximum flow rate of 75 litres per minute).

The inspiratory pause does not function in Pressure

Ventilation mode.

3.5.12 Print
A printed copy of the ventilator conditions for up to
eight hours of the procedure can be provided.
In addition, captured waveforms can also be printed.
(first select WAVE FREEZE on the screen).

Connect a HPL 2 (or greater) format printer to the

printer output port on the rear of the ventilator.
At the end of the clinical procedure switch the
ventilator to standby, and press the PRINT tab once.
To cancel, press the PRINT tab again.
Turn the ventilator to OFF, and switch the ventilator
back on again to clear the stored print information.
The printer port must only be connected to devices
that comply to EN 60950.

For examples, see Appendix.

26
DESCRIPTION

AV900
%O2 100 SET/ INSP WAVE
PRINT OFF
25 20 MEASD PAUSE FREEZE
~ ON
PRESSURE
Pmax MODE
cmH2O 31
Pcm
H 2O SPONT
MODE

VOLUME
CYCLE

Tsecs

LIMIT STANDBY
VT MEAS RATE I:E PEEP
Litres BPM RATIO cmH2O cmH2O

0.75 10 1: 2.0 8 35

3.5.13 Waveform Displays

Real-time waveforms can be selected via the menu system as follows:

Pressure (cmH2O) v. Time (sec)

The pressure scale (y-axis) has three ranges, and the correct range is displayed automatically
when the user sets a value for airway pressure limit (LIMIT cmH2O).

Pressure LIMIT set value Pressure scale (y-axis) range

10 to 40 cmH2O -10 to 40 cmH2O
41 to 60 cmH2O -10 to 60 cmH2O
60 to 80 cmH2O -10 to 80 cmH2O

The time scale (x-axis) has three ranges, and the correct range is displayed automatically when
the user sets a value for rate (RATE BPM).
RATE BPM set value range Time scale (x-axis) range
4 to 20 0 to 15
21to 40 0 to 5
41 to 100 0 to 3

27
DESCRIPTION

AV900
%O2 100 SET/ INSP WAVE
PRINT OFF
25 20 MEASD PAUSE FREEZE
~ ON
PRESSURE
Pmax MODE
VT cmH2O 31
LITRE
SPONT
MODE

VOLUME
CYCLE

Tsecs

LIMIT STANDBY
VT MEAS RATE I:E PEEP
Litres BPM RATIO cmH2O cmH2O

0.75 10 1: 2.0 8 35

Volume (litre) v. Time (sec)

The volume scale (y-axis) has three ranges, and the correct range is displayed automatically
when the user sets a value for tidal volume (VT MEAS).
Tidal Volume set value Tidal volume scale (y-axis) range
0.02 to 0.5 L 0 to 0.5 L
0.55 to 1.0 L 0 to 1.0 L
1.05 to 1.6 L 0 to 2.0 L

The time scale (x-axis) has three ranges, and the correct range is displayed automatically when
the user sets a value for rate (RATE BPM).
RATE BPM set value Time scale (x-axis) range
4 to 20 0 to 15
21to 40 0 to 5
41 to 100 0 to 3

28
DESCRIPTION

AV900
%O2 100 SET/ INSP WAVE
25 20 MEASD PAUSE FREEZE
PRINT OFF
PRESSURE ~ ON
Pmax MODE
cmH2O 31
Pcm
H2O SPONT
MODE

VOLUME
VT CYCLE
LITRE

LIMIT STANDBY
VT MEAS RATE I:E PEEP
Litres BPM RATIO cmH2O cmH2O

0.75 10 1: 2.0 8 35

Pressure (cmH2O) v. Volume (litre) (compliance loop waveform)

The pressure scale (y-axis) has three ranges, and the correct range is displayed automatically
when the user sets a value for airway pressure limit (LIMIT cmH2O).
Pressure LIMIT set value Pressure scale (y-axis) range
10 to 40 cmH2O -10 to 40 cmH2O
41 to 60 cmH2O -10 to 60 cmH2O
60 to 80 cmH2O -10 to 80 cmH2O

The volume scale (y-axis) has three ranges, and the correct range is displayed automatically
when the user sets a value for tidal volume (VT MEAS).
Tidal Volume set value Tidal volume scale (y-axis) range
0.02 to 0.5 L 0 to 0.5 L
0.55 to 1.0 L 0 to 1.0 L
1.05 to 1.6 L 0 to 2.0 L

29
DESCRIPTION

3.6 Rear Panel

3.6.1 Labelling Terminology

The terms Class 1 and Type B are defined in IEC
601-1 (the standard for electrical medical
equipment).

NOTE
This symbol denotes
Type B equipment.

Type B equipment calls for a particular degree of

protection against electric shock.

Class 1 equipment has additional protection such

that metal parts of the unit that are accessible to
the user (e.g. the metal casing of the AV900
control unit) cannot become live in the event of
failure of the basic insulation of the electrical
components within the unit.

Spirometer
connectors Pressure transducer
connector
DANGER -
POSSIBLE EXPLOSION PATIENT PRESSURE
HAZARD. DO NOT USE -20 to 100
IN THE PRESENCE OF
cmH2O/Pa x100
FLAMMABLE
ANAESTHETICS SPIRO !
OXYGEN
MONITOR
SENSOR

RS232 PORT PRINTER PORT COMMS PORT

OXYGEN/AIR EXHAUST VALVE MAINS SUPPLY

38 - 100 psi Drive Gas CONNECT TO SCAVENGE
2.6 - 6.9 Bar
262 - 689 kPa

T. 2 AH 250 V

Penlon Limited
Abingdon, Oxon CLASS 1
CAUTION - ELECTRIC OX14 3PH
SHOCK HAZARD. DO NOT Tel 01235 547001 VOLTAGE 100-240 VAC
REMOVE COVER. REFER Fax 01235 547031 CURRENT 0.30A - 0.18A
TO QUALIFIED SERVICE Tested by: Serial No.
FREQUENCY 50/60 Hz
PERSONNEL.
MADE IN UK

Ventilator Rear Panel

30
DESCRIPTION

3.6.2 Electrical Mains Supply This standard Centronics 36 way parallel

The mains supply inlet is designed for port is configured to output to any HPL 2 or
connection to any mains voltage from 100 to equivalent compatible parallel printer.
240 VAC and a frequency of 50 to 60 Hz The port must only be connected to devices
without any adjustment. that comply to EN 60950.
The connector is a standard IEC type
dismountable connector. 3.6.9 Spirometer connections
Male and female bayonet connectors are
NOTE provided for the connection of the side
A wiring diagram is included in the Appendix, stream spirometer system.
at the back of this manual. Correct polarity must be observed to ensure
that the correct flow is measured.
3.6.3 Oxygen/Air (inlet) To maintain the accuracy of the flow
Ventilator driving gas is attached to this measurement:
connector at a pressure of 38 - 100 psi and A) Use Penlon-specified sample lines.
capable of supplying gas at a flow rate of not B) Do not shorten or lengthen the lines.
less than 80 L/min at the minimum pressure. The lines must not be trapped during use.
Air or Oxygen must be used as the drive gas
and the supply must be clean and dry.
Note that the drive gas is specified by the
3.6.10 Analogue/alarm Outputs
original customer. To change the drive gas, This port may be configured to interface with
refer to a Penlon-trained service engineer. a medical information bus system by special
order.
The port must only be connected to devices
3.6.4 Drive Gas (outlet to bellows) that comply to EN 60950.
The drive gas outlet is a special 17 mm
diameter taper connector and delivers the
drive gas from the control unit to the 3.6.11 Oxygen Monitor Sensor
ventilator bellows assembly. Connected to the sensor mounted in the
The drive gas over pressure relief valve is breathing system (see section 5.4.1).
set at a non-adjustable 80 cmH2O.

3.6.5 Exhaust Valve

Gas from the bellows assembly, (drive gas -
either air or oxygen), is exhausted through
this outlet.
The port must not be blocked.

3.6.6 Pressure Transducer

Connected to a pressure transducer in the
breathing system.

3.6.7 RS 232 Port

Configuration details for this port are
available by special order from Penlon
Limited.
The port must only be connected to devices
that comply to EN 60950.
3.6.8 Printer Port

31
 DESCRIPTION

AV900
%O2 100 SET/ INSP WAVE PRINT OFF
Measured Airway 25 20 MEASD PAUSE FREEZE
~ ON
PRESSURE
Pressure
Pmax MODE
cmH2O 31
Pcm
H2O SPONT Alarm Mute
MODE
Button

VOLUME
CYCLE

MAINS FAILURE Tsecs

Alarm
LIMIT STANDBY
Indicator VT MEAS RATE I:E PEEP
Litres BPM RATIO cmH2O cmH2O

0.75 10 1: 2.0 8 35 MUTE: 30

Alarm Mute
Countdown Indicator

3.7 Message Displays HIGH AIRWAY PRESSURE

(High priority)
3.7.1 Alarm Mute Standby, Spontaneous, and Volume
For mutable alarms, the mute button will Cycle Mode
provide 30 seconds of muting for high A visual and audible alarm which activate
priority alarms and 120 seconds of muting when the pressure sensed at the patient
for medium priority alarms. tee exceeds the setting of the AIRWAY
A mute period countdown sequence (in PRESSURE LIMIT control.
seconds) is displayed on-screen. This alarm will remain on until the pressure
falls below the control setting for a
3.7.2 Alarm Indicators minimum of 1 second.
Visual indicators are displayed on-screen This alarm will also activate if the drive gas
beneath the waveform display. supply overpressure switch operates (and
All alarms are self-cancelling (with a also operates in Pressure control mode).
minimum activation period of 2 seconds), This alarm is not silenceable.
except VENT INOP (ventilator inoperative).
Alarms comply with EN475.
HIGH CONT (Continuing) PRESSURE
NOTE There are no means provided to (High priority)
defeat any visual alarm. Alarms are priority
A visual and audible alarm which activate
configured. The highest priority alarm will
when the pressure sensed at the patient
always take precedence.
tee exceeds 30 cmH2O just prior to the next
Normal conditions must be restored or the inspiratory cycle.
unit turned off in order to cancel the alarms. Once activated, this alarm remains on until
LOW DRIVE GAS SUPPLY (High priority) the pressure falls below the required
A visual and audible alarm which activate if baseline at the beginning of a breath.
the input drive gas pressure has dropped This alarm is not silenceable.
below 35 psig.
This alarm is not silenceable.
Supply pressure should be monitored by
a separate means, e.g. pressure gauge
on anaesthetic machine or supply line.
32
DESCRIPTION

LOW AIRWAY PRESSURE RATIO, and INSP PAUSE.

(High priority) This alarm can be silenced for 120 seconds.
(Disconnect Alarm)
A visual and audible alarm which activate if MAINS FAILURE (Low priority)
the pressure sensed at the patient tee-piece A visual and audible alarm (low priority)
in the expiratory limb of the breathing circuit which activates when mains electrical power
does not increase by at least 4-14 cmH2O is disconnected when the ventilator is
during a ventilator inspiratory cycle, operating. (Note that the battery must be in a
depending on tidal volume setting. charged state for this alarm to operate).
This alarm remains on until the required
pressure differential is reached. LOW BATTERY
The alarm can be muted for 30 seconds. (Low priority / Medium priority)
A visual and audible alarm which activates if
NEGATIVE AIRWAY PRESSURE the internal battery is low. In this condition
(High priority) the 60 minute backup period is significantly
(Disconnect Alarm) reduced.
A visual and audible alarm which activate if
the pressure sensed at the patient tee-piece When approximately ten minutes of battery
in the expiratory limb of the breathing circuit backup time remains, the alarm will change
falls below -10 cmH2O during a ventilator from low to medium priority.
inspiratory cycle, depending on tidal volume To prevent damage to the battery, the
setting. ventilator will shut down before the battery is
This alarm remains on until the pressure fully discharged.
rises above -10 cmH2O.
The alarm can be muted for 30 seconds. VENT INOP (High priority)
The VENT INOP (ventilator inoperative)
LOW TIDAL VOLUME alarm indicates that one of the following
HIGH TIDAL VOLUME conditions has occurred:
(High priority) A) A solenoid has failed,
The AV900 can be fitted with an external B) The flow control valve has failed,
volume spirometer which provides signals to C) Internal electrical fault,
the volume display. D) Internal Communications error,
If the apparent tidal volume as measured by E) Battery disconnected,
the spirometer: F) Software error
A) falls below 50% of the set tidal volume, B)
rises above 50% of the set tidal volume, a In the event of a ventilator error being
visual indicator and audible alarm are detected an error code will be displayed
activated. beneath the waveform display area.
In addition the code will be stored in a non
These alarms can be muted for 30 seconds.
volatile memory which can be accessed by
the service engineer to assist with fault
Spirometer Disconnect finding.
If a spirometer tube becomes disconnected, WARNING
(or any condition exists that causes an To reset a VENT INOP alarm - turn the
erroneous measured volume), the VT display ventilator OFF for a minimum of one
will flash. second and then back ON.
If the VENT INOP alarm occurs again, do
INCORRECT RATE OR RATIO not use the ventilator and refer the unit to
(Low priority) an authorised service technician.
A visual indicator and audible alarm which
indicates that the required inspiratory flow
rate is below 2 L/min, or has reached the
Oxygen Monitor Alarms
upper limit of 75 L/min as determined by the
See section 3.4.4.
settings for TIDAL VOLUME, RATE, I:E
33
 DESCRIPTION

3.8 Back-up Battery

In the event of mains electrical failure, the back-up
battery cuts in automatically.
A fully charged battery will power the ventilator for
approximately 60 minutes.
See Appendix for battery care procedures.

3.9 Operational Capability

I:E Ratio
1:6 1:5 1:4 1:3 1:2 1:1 1:0.3

1.6
1.5
1.4
1.3
1.2
1.1
1.0
Tidal
Volume 0.9

(litres) 0.8 X
(Vt) 0.7
0.6

0.5
0.4

0.3
0.2
0.1

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100

Rate (bpm)

The ventilator is capable of operating at the volumes and rates below each I:E ratio curve.

Note a) The minimum tidal volume setting is 20 ml.

b) The minimum rate setting is 4 bpm.

Example
1. Select required volume (Vt) (e.g. 0.7 litres)
2. Select rate (e.g. 10 bpm).
3. Select I:E ratio of 1:2.

The point X on the graph lies beneath the 1:2 ratio curve, and is therefore within the
ventilator’s capability.

34
4. SPECIFICATION

4.1 Application Ventilation for use in anaesthesia.

4.2 Internal Compliance

Adult bellows 3 ml/cmH2O (nominal)
Paediatric bellows 2 ml/cmH2O (nominal)

4.3 Minute Volume Range N/A - this parameter cannot be set.

4.4 Tidal Volume Range

Adult bellows 20 to 1600 ml (±10%)
Paediatric bellows 20 to 350 ml (±10%)
At ambient temperature of 20oC (+/-10%)
and ambient atmosphere of 101.3 kPa (+/-10%).

4.5 Frequency (Rate) Range 4 to 100 bpm, limited by tidal volume setting

4.6 Inspiratory Phase Time Range 0.07 to 11.54 seconds

(100 bpm, I:E 1:8)

4.7 Expiratory Phase Time Range 0.14 to 13.33 seconds

(100 bpm, I:E 1:0.3 and 4 bpm, I:E 1:8)

4.8 Inspiratory/Expiratory Phase 1: 0.3 to 1: 8.0 - limited by tidal

Time Ratio Range volume and rate settings
(I:E ratio)

4.9 Pressure Control Range 10 to 70 cmH2O (±10%)

(pressure ventilation mode)
4.10 Inspiratory Flow Range 2 to 75 L/ min
4.11 Airway Pressure Limit 10 to 80 cmH2O (±10%)
(volume ventilation mode)

4.12 Inspiratory Triggering N/A

4.13 Inspiratory Triggering N/A

- Response Time

4.14 Maximum Safety Pressure 80 cmH2O

4.15 Maximum Working Pressure 80 cm H2O

4.16 Minimum Safety Pressure -10 cm H2O

4.17 Minimum Working Pressure Atmospheric

4.18 Sub-atmospheric Pressure None

Range

4.19 Expiratory Resistance 3 cmH2O (30 L/min)

4.20 Sigh Characteristics None

4.21 Inspiratory Mixture No mixture controls
35
SPECIFICATION

4.22 Flowmeters None

4.23 Manual Changeover None

4.24 Inspiratory Relief Valve Fixed, 80 cmH2O

4.25 Humidifiers and Monitors No humidifier.

Volume monitor optional (spirometer)
Pressure monitor built in

4.26 System Pressure Gauge None

4.27 Airway Pressure Gauge Airway pressure value is displayed on screen

4.28 Spirometer Optional

Accuracy +/- 10%
Minimum detectable 300 ml Vt minimum in Spontaneous mode.
Range 20 to 1600 ml in all other operating modes.
Resolution 1 ml
Maximum Inspiratory Pressure 0 to 100 cmH2O

4.29 Alarms (in priority order) See section 3 for detailed descriptions.

Vent. inop. (ventilator inoperative)

High airway pressure
High cont. (continuing) airway pressure (PEEP)
Low supply pressure
Low airway pressure
Negative airway pressure
Low tidal volume
High tidal volume
Incorrect rate or ratio
Low battery
Mains failure

4.30 Power Source

Electrical 100 to 240 VAC
50/60 Hz, universal input
0.30 A - 0.18 A
Input Drive Gas Oxygen or air (dry, and oil free) at 38 to 100
psig (262 to 689 kPa).
4.31 Power Consumption
Electrical 37 watts maximum
Gas 75 L/min intermittent maximum inspiratory flow.

4.32 Dimensions
Height 385 mm
Height of control unit only 150 mm
Width 240 mm
Depth 300 mm
4.33 Weight
Weight with adult bellows 9.0 kg
Weight with paediatric bellows 8.7 kg
Weight of control unit only 7.6 kg
36
SPECIFICATION

4.34 Method of Disinfection Bellows base assembly and inside of

or Sterilisation bellows require sterilisation - section 7.3

4.35 Bacterial Filter None (see section 5.1.4 for

recommendations for breathing system)

4.36 Fail Safe Mechanism Battery back-up in case of mains electricity

failure

4.37 Reliability MTBF: 5x106 to 50x106 cycles

4.38 Waveform Tests Not applicable

4.39 Volume Tests Not applicable

4.40 (A) Mobility Secure mounting on anaesthesia machine

required.
(B) Mounting Mounting bracket available as optional extra.
The bellows assembly can be separated
from the control unit for remote mounting.

4.41 Fuse (mains supply) Two fuses, 2 A, 240 V rating, 20 mm, anti
surge.

4.42 Environmental

Ambient Temperature
Storage: -5 to 50oC (23 to 122oF).
Refer to Appendix 1 for battery care during
storage.
Operating: 10 to 38oC (50 to 100oF)

Humidity 10-95% RH (relative humidity), non-

condensing

Altitude Up to 2775 m (9000 feet)

Ingress protection Conforms to EN 794-1 Clause 44 (spillage

test)

37
SPECIFICATION - O2 Monitor

4.43 Oxygen Monitor

Measurement Range: 0-l00%
Resolution: ±1%
Accuracy and Linearity: ±2% of full scale (at constant temperature and pressure)
Response Time: 90% of final value in approx. 10 seconds (air to 100% O2)

Operating Temperature: 50°F to 100°F (10°C to 38°C)

Storage Temperature: 23°F to 122°F (-5°C to 50°C)
Relative Humidity Range: 5%-95% (non-condensing)

Battery Back-up: As per ventilator

Sensor Type: MOX-3 galvanic fuel cell

High Priority Alarm: Flashing, 5 audio pulses with 6 seconds repeat time.
Medium Priority Alarm: Flashing, 3 audio pulses with 24 seconds repeat time
Low Priority Alarm: Static with single beep sound
Alarm Mute: 30 seconds for high priority alarm
120 seconds for medium priority alarm
Low Alarm Set Range: 18%-99% (+/- 1%)
High Alarm Set Range: 19%-105% (+/- 1%)

Cable length: 2 m (6 ft), fully extended

Sensor
Type: Galvanic fuel cell sensor (0-100%)
Life: One year minimum in typical applications

Interference Gases and Vapours (in 30% Oxygen, 70% Nitrous Oxide)

Interference Volume % Dry Interference in O2%

Nitrous Oxide 80% <1%

Carbon Dioxide 5% <1%
Halothane 5% <1%
Enflurane 5% <1%
lsoflurane 5% <1%
Sevoflurane 5% <1%

Humidity Effects
Sensor output is relatively unaffected by prolonged operation in either high or very low
relative humidity.
If the sensor shows signs of being affected by condensation, dry the sensor with soft
tissue.
CAUTION DO NOT use heat to dry the sensor.

38
SPECIFICATION - O2 Monitor

Oxygen Monitor - continued

Temperature Effects
The sensor has a built-in temperature compensation circuit, and is relatively unaffected
by temperature changes within the operating temperature range given above.

Pressure Effects
The sensor measures O2 partial pressure, and its output will rise and fall due to
pressure change (e.g. changes in barometric pressure, or breathing system pressure).
An increase in pressure of 10% at the sensor inlet will produce a 10% increase in
sensor output.

39
5. PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES

5.1 Ventilator Set-up 5.1.3 Electrical connections

Before connecting the ventilator to the mains
supply, check that the power supply is within
5.1.1 Components supplied with the correct rating as stated on the label on
the ventilator the rear of the control unit.
Check that the ventilator has been supplied WARNING
with: Excessive electronic noise caused by other,
(a) A 210 mm long, 16 mm diameter, poorly regulated devices, such as
corrugated hose to connect the electrocautery, may adversely interfere with
the proper functioning of the ventilator.
control unit to the bellows assembly
To avoid this problem, do not connect the
(b) Drive gas hose (to customer ventilator power cord into the same electrical
specification) wall outlet or strip into which an electrocautery
unit is connected.
(c) Electrical mains supply cable (to
customer specification).
(d) Pressure sampling line and T-piece. 5.1.4 Ventilator gas supply and
(e) Spirometer sampling line and T-piece gas connections
(spirometer option only) Before the ventilator can be used, the
following preparation must be made:
(f) Oxygen sensor system (monitor
option only) Gas Supply
1. Verify the drive gas specified for the
ventilator (oxygen or air) and connect
5.1.2 Mounting the ventilator the drive gas inlet port on the rear of
The AV900 can be mounted on the the control unit to a dry, oil free supply
anaesthetic machine as a single, complete at 38 to 100 psi (2.6-6.9 bar, 262-689
unit, or the bellows unit and the control unit kPa)
can be mounted separately . The drive gas inlet port is labelled:
OXYGEN / AIR 38 - 100 PSI
Locate the ventilator in a safe place.
Preferably, mount it permanently on the shelf Supply pressure should be
of the anaesthesia machine or on a strong monitored by a separate means, e.g.
bracket. This will protect the ventilator from pressure gauge on anaesthetic
accidental fall and accidental disconnection machine or supply line.
of the hoses.
See page 80 for kit details. To reconfigure the ventilator for use
To mount the ventilator permanently on a with a different drive gas to the gas
Penlon bracket: originally specified, refer to a Penlon-
1. Align the four mounting feet over the trained engineer at your hospital or a
mating holes in the bracket. Penlon distributor.
2. Use the four M4 screws supplied with
the mounting bracket kit, inserted OXYGEN SUPPLY
through the bracket and rubber feet a) O2 cylinder,
and screwed into into the threaded b) Anaesthetic machine O2 auxiliary gas
inserts in the base of the ventilator. outlet,
Only use the screws supplied with c) O2 pipeline supply from a wall outlet.
the kit.
AIR SUPPLY
Pole-mount type mounting brackets and side a) Air cylinder,
frame brackets are available. b) Anaesthetic machine Air auxiliary gas
outlet
c) Air pipeline supply from a wall outlet.

40
 PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES

Bellows Drive
Gas Inlet Port
Do NOT connect
Breathing
spirometer
System
Port
Pressure
Spirometer Transducer
connectors port

DANGER - Patient Pressure

POSSIBLE EXPLOSION
-20 to 100
HAZARD. DO NOT USE IN THE
cmH2O/Pa x100
PRESENCE OF FLAMMABLE
ANAESTHETICS
SPIRO !
OXYGEN
MONITOR
SENSOR
RS232 PORT PRINTER PORT COMMS PORT

Connect to
OXYGEN/AIR EXHAUST VALVE MAINS SUPPLY
cylinder/pipeline 38 - 100 psi Drive Gas CONNECT TO SCAVENGE
2.6 - 6.9 Bar
supply 262 - 689 kPa

T. 2 AH 240 V

Penlon Limited
CLASS 1
Connect to Abingdon, Oxon
OX14 3PH VOLTAGE 100-240 VAC
CAUTION
Bellows Drive ELECTRIC SHOCK HAZARD.
Tel 01235 547001 CURRENT 0.30A - 0.18A
Fax 01235 547031 FREQUENCY 50/60 Hz
DO NOT REMOVE COVER.
Gas Inlet Port REFER TO QUALIFIED
Tested by: Serial No.
SERVICE PERSONNEL.
MADE IN UK

Hose Connections
2. Connect the 16 mm diameter corrugated hose
(provided), between the control unit drive gas outlet
(labelled: DRIVE GAS) and the bellows base DRIVE
GAS inlet port.

3. Connect the EXHAUST valve port on the control unit to a

properly functioning scavenging system - use a 30 mm
hose.
Fit a 10 cmH2O pressure relief valve between the
exhaust valve port and the inlet port of the AGSS
receiver.

Note that the diaphragm valve under the bellows is

connected internally to the EXHAUST port to facilitate
the discharge of excess breathing gas at the end the
expiratory phase.

41
 PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES
AV900 VENTILATOR
Breathing System (REAR VIEW)

Connections
PRESSURE
MONITOR LINE
EXHAUST TO
SCAVENGE VENTILATOR O2 MONITOR
SYSTEM DRIVE GAS SENSOR LINE

BACTERIAL
FILTER
ANAESTHETIC MACHINE
CGO BLOCK

FRESH
GAS
SUPPLY

HEAT AND SPIRO ANAESTHETIC MACHINE

LINES
MOISTURE AUXILIARY OUTLET
EXCHANGER
(HME)
CIRCLE
SYSTEM DRIVE
ABSORBER GAS

PATIENT

4. Connect the spirometer (if fitted) - see Section 5.1.5.

WARNING
Applying negative or positive pressure to the bellows exhaust port results in positive pressure in
the patient breathing system.
Therefore, the scavenging system must not generate more than 0.5 cmH2O positive or negative
pressure when connected to the ventilator.
Any problem arising from an improperly functioning scavenging system is solely the user`s
responsibility.

5. Attach a printer to the printer port if a printed output of the ventilator function is required
(see 3.5.12).

6. Connect the ventilator bellows base BREATHING SYSTEM port to the breathing system.

7. Use a breathing system bacterial filter in the expiratory limb of the breathing circuit, or
a heat and moisture exchanger (HME) at the patient Y piece.

8. Connect a 2-litre breathing bag to the patient connection as a test lung.

9. Close the anaesthetic machine APL or PRV valve in the breathing system.

42
PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES

10. PRESSURE TRANSDUCER port (A)

on the rear panel of the control unit: A
Connect to the inspiratory limb of the
breathing system, close to the circle
system inspiratory valve.

Refer to the illustrations -

Connect the tubing to the self-sealing
connector at B (on Prima SP inboard
A100 Absorber).
or, Self-sealing connector
Connect the tubing to the distal Push in the tube as far as possible
Do not use excessive force.
sensing tee at C, on pole mounted
absorbers. The connector end piece ‘X’ will also move
NOTE inwards.
Use a Penlon distal sensing tee X
(Catalogue No. 53194, Breathing System Pull the tube carefully outwards.
Tee Assembly.) The end piece ‘X’ will be pulled outwards
to the ‘locked’ position.
WARNING
The High and Low Airway Pressure Alarms
are important for patient care.
The connection point must be properly B
located in the inspiratory limb of the breathing B - self sealing
system. connector on
inboard A100
Absorber
Start the Ventilator (as fitted to
11. Press the ventilator ON/OFF switch. Prima SP)
After a test sequence, the ventilator
will revert to STANDBY mode.

12. Set the AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT to

50 cmH2O. C - Distal
sensing
tee on C
13. Set the tidal VOLUME to 800 ml, pole-
Set RATE to 10 bpm, mounted
Set I:E RATIO to 1:2.0. absorber
14. Use the O2 flush button on the
anaesthetic machine to fill the
bellows.

15. Select VOLUME CYCLE.

16. The delivered tidal volume read on the

scale of the bellows housing should
be 800 ml.
Before using the ventilator clinically:
a) Check that all connections are
correct, and verify that there are no
leaks.
b) On models with spirometry, check
the calibration (5.1.6).
c) Carry out the function checks listed
in section 5.3.1.

43
PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES

5.1.5 Spirometer Connections

CAUTION
A) The lines must not be trapped during use.
B) Do not alter the length of the sample lines. A
1. Use a breathing system bacterial filter
- see section 5.1.4, operation 9.

2. The recommended placement of the

B
sample sensor tee (A) is between the C
bellows and the circle absorber.
CAUTION
The tubing connectors on the tee-piece
must face upwards, as illustrated. This
will prevent moisture entering the tubing. Carefully twist each sample
line anti-clockwise before
3. Connect the spirometer sample lines connecting to the Tee-piece
B and C, as illustrated. and ventilator.
Turn each connector fully
4. Check that each connector is secure. clockwise to ensure a leak-
free joint.
NOTE
A) If the connections are incorrectly made,
the ventilator will alarm LOW TIDAL VOLUME or
HIGH TIDAL VOLUME.
B

B) To allow the ventilator to be used in the

event of damage, or non-functioning of the
spirometer head, turn off the spirometry function -
C
see MENU function, section 3.5.4.

C) Connection of the spirometer between

the bellows and the absorber also provides an
indication of breathing system disconnect.

44
PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES

5.1.6 Spirometer Calibration

AV900
OFF
1. Press the menu switch on the front
panel.
~ ON

2. Scroll down the main menu and select

SPIROMETRY.

3. Scroll down the sub-menu and select

CALIBRATION. Menu Switch

4. Turn the wheel to switch display to

CALIBRATION: cal
Turn the wheel to
5. A message will appear: scroll through the
Remove the spirometer head. menus.
Press to enter
6. Remove the spirometer head from the sub-menu.
breathing system. Press to confirm
settings.
7. Press the wheel to initiate calibration.

8. Calibration is completed.
Main menu
9. Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS.
O2 MONITOR
10. Press the wheel to confirm. > SPIROMETRY
FRESH GAS COMPENSATION : ON
11. Refit the spirometer head.
WAVEFORM
SERVICE
ESCAPE FROM MENUS

Spirometry sub-menu

SPIROMETRY : ON
> CALIBRATION : cal
ESCAPE FROM MENUS

45
PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES

7
4

6
2

5.2 Bellows Assemblies Paediatric Bellows Assembly

CAUTION 1. Remove the adult bellows housing

Always ensure correct fitment of bellows (1) - twist carefully counterclockwise
(see illustration above), and carry out a full until the bayonet tabs become free,
function test before clinical use, if a bellows then lift up from the base (2).
is removed and refitted. Remove the bellows (3).
2. Fit the paediatric adaptor (5) - press
1. Remove the bellows housing (1). the adaptor into the ventilator bellows
Twist carefully counterclockwise until assembly base (2).
the bayonet tabs become free, then lift 3. Fit the paediatric bellows to the
adaptor.
up from the base (2).
Check for correct assembly, as
2. Remove the bellows (3).
illustrated (4).
3. Refit the bellows and check for correct
4. Fit the paediatric bellows housing (7)
assembly, as illustrated (4).
to the base by pushing down, then
4. Fit the bellows housing to the base by
twisting clockwise until the bayonet
pushing down, then twisting clockwise
tabs completely engage.
until the bayonet tabs completely
5. Function test the ventilator - section
engage.
5.3.1.
5. Function test the ventilator - section
5.3.1.

NOTE
If there is any malfunction, the ventilator
must NOT be used.
If the problem cannot be rectified, the
ventilator must be checked by a Penlon
trained engineer.
46
PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES

5.3 Pre-use Checklist 4. Connect a 2-litre breathing bag to the

patient connection as a test lung.
5.3.1 Daily Checklist
5. Close the anaesthetic machine APL or
The following tests must be carried out at the PRV valve in the breathing system,
beginning of every working day:
6. Adult bellows only:
Alarm System Set the tidal VOLUME to 800 ml;
WARNING RATE to 10 bpm, and I:E RATIO to
The operation of each alarm function 1:2.0.
should be verified daily.
If the audible alarm or the visual display 7. Use the O2 flush button on the
for any alarm function fails to activate anaesthetic machine to fill the
during any alarm condition or fails to bellows.
reset after the alarm has been cleared,
refer the unit to an authorised service 8. Select VOLUME CYCLE mode.
technician.
9. The delivered tidal volume read on the
Back-up Battery scale of the bellows housing should
WARNING be 800 ml.
If the internal battery is fully discharged,
the ventilator will not function. If the delivered tidal volume is less
Recharge the battery before the ventilator is than 700 ml or greater than 900 ml,
used clinically. refer to a Penlon trained engineer.
Charging the battery for 14 hours from a
discharged state will allow a minimum of 60 10. Occlude the patient connection port of
minutes of continuous operation. the breathing system, distal end.
Connect the ventilator to a mains power The HIGH AIRWAY PRESSURE
supply. The mains power indicator will alarm should be activated.
illuminate to show that the battery is being The peak pressure read on the
charged (it is not necessary to run the breathing system pressure gauge is
ventilator). the maximum working pressure limit
and should agree with the setting.
Ventilator internal test
Press the ON/Off switch. 11. Open the patient connection port to
A three-second internal test is initiated: ambient pressure.
1. The ‘power -up’ screen is displayed. At the second cycle, the LOW
2. The audible alarm sounds - one high AIRWAY PRESSURE alarm should
tone, one low tone be activated.
3. The ventilator reverts to STANDBY
mode.
12. Select STANDBY mode
Before using the ventilator clinically,
Function Test check that all connections are correct,
1. Set the AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT to
and verify that there are no leaks.
50 cmH2O.

2. Check that the PRESSURE NOTE

TRANSDUCER port on the rear of the If there is any malfunction, the ventilator
control unit is correctly connected to must NOT be used.
the inspiratory limb of the breathing If the problem cannot be rectified, the
circuit, close to the patient tee piece ventilator must be checked by a Penlon
(see operation 5, section 5.1.4). trained engineer.
3. Connect the ventilator bellows base
BREATHING SYSTEM port to the
breathing system. 47
PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES

5.3.2 Weekly Checklist

At least every week, in addition to the daily

function test:

1. Select STANDBY MODE.

2. Unplug the mains power cable from

the AC outlet.
The MAINS FAILURE alarm should
activate.

3. Reconnect the mains power cable to

the AC outlet. The alarm should turn
off.

4. Select VOLUME CYCLE mode.

5. Disconnect the drive gas supply hose.

The LOW SUPPLY PRESSURE
alarm should activate.

NOTE
If there is any malfunction, the ventilator
must NOT be used.
If the problem cannot be rectified, the
ventilator must be checked by a Penlon
trained engineer.

48
PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES - O2 Monitor

A
5.4 Oxygen Monitor System
Set-up (if fitted)
NOTE
The anaesthetic machine gas control switch External
must be in the ON position for gas delivery. probe and
cable on a
standard
5.4.1 Installation 15 mm Tee
adaptor
Connect the probe tee adaptor to the CGO
outlet on the anaesthetic machine, as
illustrated - A.
The probe can also be mounted on the dome
of the inspiratory valve of a circle system
absorber - B.
Circle
B
Connect the cable to the input socket (C) on system
the back of the AV900 ventilator control unit
absorber Sensor
inspiratory
valve
WARNING
The sensor contains a small quantity of
electrolyte, classified as a harmful irritant
which is potentially hazardous.
Do not attempt to open a cell.
ALWAYS check the integrity of the sensor
assembly before use.
Once exhausted, the sensor must be
disposed of according to hospital, local,
state and federal regulations.

NOTE
To maintain maximum sensor life, always
remove from breathing circuit after use.
C
5.4.2 Calibration

The new unit must be calibrated before

clinical use.
Thereafter, we recommend calibration of
the unit every time the system is switched
on as a safety precaution.
Calibration must also be performed:
A) when the sensor is replaced
B) when point-of-use elevation changes by
more than 160 m (500 ft).

We recommend calibration with a 100%

oxygen standard source, at a pressure and
flow similar to your application.
Calibration at 21% (i.e. using air) is possible,
but less desirable.

49
PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES - O2 Monitor

5.4.2.1 Calibration - Using 100% Oxygen

1. Switch on the ventilator and the anaesthetic AV900
machine gas control switch. OFF On/Off Switch
The oxygen monitor automatically switches ON ~ ON
when the ventilator is switched on.
2. Ensure that all vaporizers are OFF.
3. Flush 100% oxygen through the CGO and maintain
Alarm Mute
the flow through the total breathing circuit for
approximately 20 seconds.
4. Allow the oxygen sensor to stabilise (30 seconds.) Menu Switch
5. Press the menu switch and select the O2 monitor
sub-menu.
6. Scroll to CALIBRATION and press the navigator Navigator Wheel
wheel to switch to 100% (calibration using oxygen) and
if the menu shows 21% (calibration using air). Press Button
7. A message will flash on the screen:
O2 AT 100% ?
Press the button to confirm O2 Monitor sub-menu - calibration
NOTE
The message: O2 MONITOR : ON
OXYGEN SENSOR LOW OUTPUT > CALIBRATION: 100%
will appear on screen if the user attempts to HIGH ALARM SET
calibrate at 21% in 100% oxygen LOW ALARM SET
8. Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS and press the ESCAPE FROM MENUS
wheel to exit.

5.4.2.2 Calibration - Using Room Air

NOTE: Calibration in room air may not provide as great an
accuracy as calibration carried out in 100% oxygen.

1. Switch on the ventilator and the anaesthetic

machine gas control switch.
The oxygen monitor automatically switches ON
when the ventilator is switched on.
2. Ensure that all vaporizers are OFF.
3. Detach the sensor from the anaesthetic machine,
and gently move it through the air to allow room air
to circulate for 20 seconds.
4. Allow the oxygen sensor to stabilise (30 seconds.)
5. Press the menu switch and select the O2 monitor
sub-menu.
6. Scroll to CALIBRATION and press the navigator
wheel to switch to 21% (calibration using air) if the
menu shows 100% (calibration using oxygen).
7. A message will flash on the screen:
O2 AT 21% ?
Press the button to confirm
Note that the message:
OXYGEN SENSOR LOW OUTPUT
will appear on screen if the user attempts to
calibrate at 21% in 100% oxygen
8. Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS.
Press the wheel to exit.
50
PRE-OPERATION PROCEDURES - O2 Monitor

5.4.3 Sensor Low Indication

The unit has a self detect feature built into the
software to detect when the sensor life is low.
The message:
OXYGEN SENSOR LOW OUTPUT
will appear on screen to indicate that the sensor
must be replaced.
The sensor output will fall very quickly to zero
over a period of two to three weeks from the
first time that the alarm is activated.

5.4.4 Setting the O2 Alarms

5.4.4.1 Set High Alarm
The high alarm value cannot be set below 19% or
above 105% (Note that in certain conditions of
excess pressure, the readout may show a value
above 100%.).
1. Press the menu switch on the ventilator front
panel select the O2 monitor sub-menu.
2. Scroll to HIGH ALARM SET and press the
navigator wheel.
3. Rotate the wheel to change the displayed
alarm figure to the desired value.
4. Press the wheel to confirm.
5. Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS and
press the wheel to exit. O2 Monitor sub-menu - calibration

O2 MONITOR : ON
5.4.4.2 Set Low Alarm CALIBRATION: 100%
The low alarm value cannot be set lower than 18%, > HIGH ALARM SET
or above 99%. LOW ALARM SET
1. Press the menu switch on the ventilator front ESCAPE FROM MENUS
panel select the O2 monitor sub-menu.
2. Scroll to LOW ALARM SET and press the
navigator wheel.
3. Rotate the wheel to change the displayed
alarm figure to the desired value.
4. Press the wheel to confirm. High Alarm Set Value
5. Scroll to ESCAPE FROM MENUS and %O2 100
press the wheel to exit. 25 20
Low Alarm Set Value

Measured O2
concentration

51
6. CLINICAL OPERATION

6.1 Before Using the Compliance Compensation

Ventilator WARNING
The ventilator has circuit compliance and
1. Prior to use with a patient, check that fresh gas compliance compensation but
all connections are correct and verify the actual tidal volume delivered to the
that there are no leaks. patient may be different to the ventilation
2. Perform the daily checklist detailed in parameters set by the user due to:
section 5.3.1. A) an extreme compliance condition,
B) a substantial system leak,
WARNING C) patient circuit pressure effects, or
An alternative means of ventilation must D) extreme fresh gas flows
be available whenever the ventilator is in In addition,high fresh gas flows will lead
use (e.g. manual resuscitation). to an increased Vt being delivered to the
patient.
Note that on models fitted with
spirometry, the actual tidal volume
6.2 Setting the Parameters exhaled will be displayed.

Select STANDBY mode, and set the The patient must be monitored
appropriate parameters for the patient: independently from the ventilator
It is the responsibility of the user to
1. Set the TIDAL VOLUME monitor the patient for adequate
2. Set the RATE ventilation.
3. Set the I:E ratio
4. If the parameter being adjusted will Ventilating the Patient
not increase, and the INCORRECT To start ventilating the patient with the
RATE or RATIO alarm is activated, the ventilator:
flow demanded has reached the 1. Switch the breathing system from the
allowable maximum of 75 L/min or, breathing bag to the ventilator.
minimum of 2 L/min. 2. Close the APL or PRV valve of the
Adjust the other two parameters to anaesthesia machine.
allow a further increase or decrease of 3. Select VOLUME CYCLE or
the desired parameter. PRESSURE mode on the ventilator.
5. Set the maximum airway pressure.
Note that all displayed parameters are
always delivered, unless the LOW 6.3 Positive End Expiratory
DRIVE GAS SUPPLY alarm is on. Pressure (PEEP)
CAUTION Select PEEP on the touchscreen display
The specifications and displayed values Pressure can be set between 4 and 30
cmH2O.
apply only to the ventilator and may have no
The only pressurised part of the breathing
direct relationship to the ventilation of the system should be the patient and the
patient. The characteristics of the breathing connecting hoses between the inspiratory
system connected between the patient and and expiratory valves.
the ventilator can change or modify patient Note that the use of PEEP alters the
ventilation. compliance of the breathing system.

52
CLINICAL OPERATION

6.4 Bellows Pressure

WARNING
The bellows can support only 10 cmH2O
differential pressure.

Normally the pressure on the inside and

outside of the bellows are approximately the
same.
During the expiratory phase the exhalation
diaphragm valve under the bellows is de-
energised so that the inside of the bellows is
connected to the ambient through the drive
gas circuit to the ventilator exhaust.
The bellows can support only 10 cmH2O
across it. Above this pressure it may be
dislodged from the mounting ring, resulting
in a dangerous malfunction of the ventilator.
The exhalation diaphragm valve has 1.5
cmH2O opening pressure to keep the
bellows from collapsing.

The outside of the bellows (the space

between the bellows and the bellows
housing) is also connected to the ambient
through the de-energised discharge valve in
the control unit.

Therefore, the only pressure gradient across

the bellows is the opening pressure of the
exhalation diaphragm valve.

53
7. SERVICE SCHEDULE

7.1 Service Schedule

Recommended Service Frequency

The AV900 ventilator must be serviced to the following schedules.

Only Penlon-trained engineers should undertake servicing and repairs.

Six Month Service - No Preventive Maintenance Kit Required

Annual Service - Preventive Maintenance Kit Pt No 57453
Six Year Service - Preventive Maintenance Kit Pt No 57454

7.2 Six Month Service Checks

(To be performed at 6, 18, 30, 42 & 54 -month intervals of a 5 year cycle.)

Machine Frame:

1. Check general condition of ventilator.

2. Check for damage.
3. Check and record front panel control settings.

Electrical Safety Test:

1. Check mains lead and plug for damage.

2. Perform Electrical Safety Tests as relevant for country of use.

Power On and Display Checks

1. Mains indicator illuminates Amber when unit is switched off and connected to mains.
2. Turn ventilator to Standby.
Check both audible alarms activate.
3. Check that the 'Boot Up' screen appears.
4. Check current software version is displayed. V3.00
5. Check mains indicator illuminates Green.
6. Verify minimum and maximum settings by adjusting:
Tidal Volume (TV),
Breaths Per Minute (BPM)
Inspiratory / Expiratory ratio (I:E)
until the display indicates 0.05, 100, & 1:0.6 respectively.
Press relevant touch screen button and rotate dial.
Press dial or touch screen button to confirm change.
Failure to confirm will result in an unchanged value.
7. Verify minimum and maximum settings by adjusting
Tidal Volume (TV),
Breaths Per Minute (BPM)
Inspiratory / Expiratory ratio (I:E)
until the display indicates 1.6, 4, & 1:8.0 respectively.
8. Tests 6 & 7 above test the stepper motor needle valve drive.
If the needle sticks a "Vent Inop" alarm will be triggered.

54
SERVICE SCHEDULE

9. Turn Off ventilator.

Turn On ventilator
Check that the settings as set in test 7 above have been retained.
10. Check that the screen is undamaged, display is clear and that the touch sensitive
screen functions are operating correctly.

Menu Selection Tests

1. Press menu selection located to the left of the mute button
Check the menu screen appears.
2. Rotate the dial/switch
Check that the menu scrolls
check that sub menus can be selected by pressing the dial switch.
Note some menu selections will time out after a predetermined period of inactivity.
3. Restore any changed settings done during the above tests.

Engineers Test Mode

1. Press Menu Select button.

2. Select Service - Engineer Mode
3. Check Date and Time.
4. Year = 1 = 01 year
5. Month = 1 - 12 = Jan - Dec
6. Date = Day Of Month = 1 - 31
7. DOW = Day Of Week 1 - 7 = Mon - Sun
8. Hour = 1 - 24 hour time clock used
9. Minute = 1 - 59 = Minutes
10. Vent software revision
11. Display software revision

Engineer Error Codes

1. Select Service - Engineer - Display Error Codes
2. Check error codes if any.

Format = Date - Time - Fault

Example: 08/05/01 - 09:12:40 - Stepper Motor

3. Reset Error Log.

Spirometer Calibration.
1. Remove external spirometer tubing from the rear of the ventilator
2. Check Spirometer is enabled in menu.
3. Enter Spirometer - Calibration from Menu System.
4. If "Calibration - Nocal" is displayed rotate dial until "Cal" is displayed.
5. Press Dial to calibrate Spiro.
6. Display will flash "Remove Spiro head" (Actioned in test 1 above)
7. Press Dial to calibrate.
8. Ventilator is now calibrated.
Allow the menu system to time-out, or use the Exit Menu Options.
9. Reconnect Spirometer tubing to the rear of the ventilator.

Bellows Assembly
1. Remove and clean canister.
2. Remove bellows assembly from base.

55
SERVICE SCHEDULE

3. Remove the diaphragm valve (3 thumbscrews)

4. Inspect the valve seat for damage.
5. Check valve disk hangs level.

If necessary clean the valve seat and valve disc using an alcohol wipe.
Do not attempt to dismantle the Diaphragm Assembly.

6. Refit the Diaphragm Valve.

7. Examine the bellows for signs of wear or deterioration.
Renew if necessary.
8. Refit bellows and canister.
9. With hand, occlude 'Vent Driving Gas' outlet and invert the bellows assembly.
The bellows should drop.
Remove hand and allow bellows to inflate fully.
Occlude the 'Vent Driving Gas' outlet and turn the bellows assembly over (correct
way up).
The bellows should not deflate.
10. With hand, occlude the 'Breathing System' outlet.
Invert the bellows assembly.
The bellows should expand.
Allow the bellows to expand fully.
Turn the bellows assembly to the upright position while still occluding the Breathing
System' outlet.
The bellows should not deflate.
11. Failure of either of the above two tests indicates;
Incorrect assembly, a bellows leak or a diaphragm valve leak.
Rectify the fault and repeat the above tests.
12. Refit the bellows assembly to the base.
Lock the canister into position on the base unit.

Pneumatic System
1. Disconnect the mains supply.
Remove the control unit cover.
Unlock the main PCB tray to gain access.
2. Check the condition of internal spirometer tubing.
Renew if necessary.
3. Check the condition of the external spirometer tubing and connections.
Renew if necessary.
Note that AV 800 Spiro External Tubing is not compatible with the AV900 system.
4. Connect a test gauge to the pneumatic assembly.
Check regulator set to 35 psi (± 2 psi) at a flow of 5 L/min
5 Using non-return test probe check drive gas supply hose for leaks.
6 Connect the ventilator to the power supply.
Turn the control switch to stand-by.
Set L/min, BPM rate and I:E ratio to minimum settings available.
Disconnect mains supply.
Turn control switch to OFF.
Check that,at this position, the needle valve is almost shut.

56
SERVICE SCHEDULE

Control Unit
1. Check all electrical connections and components for security.
2. Check that the air/oxygen switch located middle of PCB is set for the correct driving
gas.

Set Up
1. Select drive hose (O2 or Air) and attach to the Oxygen/Air connection to the rear
panel.
2. Connect the small corrugated hose to the Driving Gas Port of vent and the bellows
vent drive gas connector.
3. Connect a hose from the Breathing System Port to the 'Vent' port of CO2 Absorber
(or 'Bag' port if no vent port on absorber).
4. Connect the pressure sensor tube to MANOMETER/ PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
connection on the rear panel and to the Connector on the Pressure Tee-piece which
should be connected to the Inspiratory port of the absorber.
5. Connect the Spirometer tubing to SPIRO connections on the rear panel and to the
Spirometer Tee-piece which should be connected to the Vent Port of the CO2
Absorber (or Bag Port if no Vent Port fitted).
Note correct orientation of T.
6. Connect the 'Patient Breathing' tubes to the CO2 absorber and attach the patient 'Y'
to a test lung.
7. Attach the 'Fresh Gas Supply' to the CO2 Absorber and set 02 Flow at 0.25 L/min or
minimum flow.
8. Connect the Gas Scavenging System to the "Exhaust Port" on the rear of the vent.
It is recommended that a 10cmH2O PRV must be fitted between the exhaust of the
ventilator and the AGSS receiver unit.
9. Connect the mains cable.

Note: The ventilator drive gas is linked to the exhaust with a coupling block on the outside
of the bellows unit. This is for the Electronic PEEP capability of the AV900. PEEP is
controlled by the proportional valve fitted internally to the exhaust block.

Stand-by Mode
1. Power on the Ventilator.
2. The ventilator will Beep Once and display the software version before displaying the
main screen.
3. Standby mode is indicated on the right edge of screen bottom - highlighted yellow.
4. Set incorrect rate, i.e. increase Litres and/or Rate controls clockwise.
Check 'Incorrect Rate Or Ratio' alarm. 3 tone beeps and "rate ratio error" displayed
on screen.
5. Check that Spiro is enabled in the menu system.

Spontaneous Mode
1. Select Spontaneous on touch screen.
2. Select "MEASD" on set/measd touch screen. Selection is highlighted.
3. Check absorber is in vent mode.
4. Operate Test Lung (by hand).
Check that 'LITRES/MIN' and 'RATE BPM' display indicate readings.
Observe wave form displayed.
5. Stop operation of test lung.
Check that pressure gauge falls to zero after 30 sec delay
Check that 'LOW AIRWAY PRESSURE' alarm is triggered and display shows = = =.

57
SERVICE SCHEDULE

6. Press ' MUTE'.

Verify audible alarm is muted for 30 seconds.
(Note alarm mute countdown displayed beneath the standby selector on touch screen.)
7. Switch absorber to bag mode, close APL valve.
Inflate bag with O2 flush.
Squeeze bag gently and check that Ventilator displays pressure.
8. Switch absorber to Vent mode and open APL Valve
9. Select "SET" on set/measd touch screen.

Volume Cycle & Flow Compensation Tests

1. Switch Ventilator to 'VOLUME CYCLE' Mode
2. Set 'TIDAL VOLUME LITRES/MIN' to 0.8.
Set 'RATE BPM' to 10. Set 'I:E Ratio' to 1:2
Set 'AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT' to Max.
3. Verify 800 ml is delivered as indicated on bellows canister.
4. Press 'INSP PAUSE.
Check 25% pause during the Inspiratory phase.
5. Press 'MEASD"
Check displays indicate correct values on 'LITRES/MIN' and 'RATE BPM'.
6. From Menu, select compensation OFF.
Apply a flow of Oxygen from Anaesthetic Machine of 5 L/min.
Check displayed TV rises from 0.8 to 1.0 approximately.
7. From Menu, select compensation on.
Allow 2 minutes for reading to stabilise.
Check displayed TV = 0.8 ± 0.5. (Note bellows delivers less gas than before)
8. Press Wave Freeze.
Check waveform freezes on display.
Press Wave Freeze again to clear.
9. Set electronic PEEP to 10cm H2O.
Check waveform to see that it displays 10cm H2O of PEEP.
(Straight line is good. Decline of line indicates leak.)
Turn off PEEP.
10. Adjust Airway Pressure.
Observe changing scale on waveform. Reset to max.
11. Go into menu system and change waveform display.
Check following waveforms are selectable.
1. Pressure v Time.
2. Volume v Time.
3. Pressure v Volume (Compliance Loop).
Reset back to Pressure v Time.
12. Check the ventilator is operating smoothly, test lung is inflating, and system pressure is
displayed on ventilator and absorber manometer.
13. Remove and Occlude "Expiratory Limb" of Breathing Hose.
Check that the following alarms operate:-
High Airway pressure
High Continuous Pressure
Low Airway Pressure
14. Remove occlusion (open circuit).
Check Low Tidal Volume Alarm operates.
15. Disconnect power supply.
Verify that ventilator continues to operate on battery.
Check that the AC Power Fail alarm is displayed.

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Pressure Ventilation (NB: No TV Selection available in this mode)

1. Switch Ventilator to 'PRESSURE'
2. Ventilator will automatically Set 'AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT' to 20 cm H2O.
Verify pressure is held at this setting.
3. Carry out Leak test.
Set 'Rate' to 5 BPM
Set 'AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT' to 50cm H2O.
Set I:E Ratio 1:1.
Ensure Flowmeter A/M set to 200 ml or minimum. Fill bellows using O2 flush, allow
bellows to cycle and verify bellows remain full. Max permissible leak 200ml.
4. Check waveform holds the airway pressure values. (Level display)
A falling display indicates a leak (Check exhaust valve).
5. Remove Mini - Schrader from gas supply pressure.
Check 'LOW SUPPLY PRESSURE' alarm activates.
6. Reconnect mini-Schrader.

Mechanical and Electronic PRV Tests

1. Continue with the ventilator in Pressure Ventilation Mode.
2. Occlude the Drive Gas Hose from ventilator.
3. Short pins 1 & 2 on connector CN9 on PCB. (Tweezers across top of pins 1&2 works
well.)
4. Check that the Mechanical PRV valve blows off. (Audible sound from PRV and vent
maintains normal Inspiratory and Expiratory cycle ratio).
5. Stop shorting pins 1 & 2 on connector CN9.
Maintain occlusion of the Drive Gas Hose.
6. Check electronic PRV operates. This PRV will switch the vent from inspiratory to
expiratory mode when pressure exceeded. This gives a shorter cycle, rapid clicking
sound as opposed to the mechanical PRV. Note you may have to let the vent cycle a
while as mechanical PRV may blow off rather than electronic PRV. If needed occlude
the exhaust outlet on rear of vent.
7. Lock PCB Tray back into position and refit cover.

Oxygen Monitor - Function and Calibration Tests. (If Applicable)

The Oxygen Monitor is available as a purchasable optional extra.
1. Connect a test O2 Analyser into the patient circuit.
2. Check Vent O2 sensor is inserted into the absorber O2 sampling point.
3. Calibrate the Ventilator and test O2 sensors in 100% Oxygen.
4. Expose both sensors to air.
Check reading is 21% ± 2
On ventilator, adjust high and low O2 alarms and check alarms trigger when values
lower or higher than reading on vent O2 analyser respectively. Return alarm levels to
original settings.
5. Restore ventilator O2 sensor to correct location. Remove test O2 analyser.

Documentation.
1. Complete all necessary documentation.
2. Remove all test equipment and tools.

Penlon recommend that after servicing the Ventilator should be given an Acceptance
Check" by an Anaesthetist before being returned to Operational Use.

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7.3 Twelve Month Service Checks

(To be performed at 12, 24, 36, & 48 -month intervals of a 5 year cycle.)

Machine Frame:

1 Check general condition of ventilator.

2 Check for damage.
3 Check and record front panel control settings.

Electrical Safety Test:

1 Check mains lead and plug for damage.

2 Perform Electrical Safety Tests as relevant for country of use.

Power On and Display Checks

1. Check that the mains indicator illuminates Amber when the unit is switched off and
connected to the mains.
2. Turn ventilator to 'Standby'.
Check that both audible alarms activate.
3 Check that the 'Boot Up' screen appears.
4 Check current software version is displayed. V3.00
5 Check mains indicator illuminates Green.
6 Verify minimum and maximum settings by adjusting:
Tidal Volume (TV),
Breaths Per Minute (BPM)
Inspiratory / Expiratory ratio (I:E)
until the display indicates 0.05, 100, & 1:0.6 respectively.
Press relevant touch screen button and rotate dial.
Press dial or touch screen button to confirm change.
Failure to confirm will result in an unchanged value.
7 Verify minimum and maximum settings by adjusting Tidal Volume (TV), Breaths Per
Minute (BPM) and Inspiratory / Expiratory ratio (I:E) until the display indicates 1.6, 4,
& 1:8.0 respectively.
8 Tests 6 & 7 above test the stepper motor needle valve drive.
If the needle sticks a "Vent Inop" alarm will be triggered.
9 Turn Off ventilator.
Turn On ventilator.
Check that the settings as set in test 7 above have been retained.

Menu Selection Tests

1 Press the menu selection located to the left of the mute button.
Check the menu screen appears.
2 By rotation of the dial switch, check that the menu scrolls and that sub menus can be
selected by pressing the dial switch.
Note some menu selections will time out after a predetermined period of inactivity.
3 Restore any changed settings done during the above tests.

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Engineers Test Mode

1 Press Menu Select button.

2 Select Service - Engineer Mode
3 Check Date and Time.
4 Year = 1 = 01 year
5 Month = 1 - 12 = Jan - Dec
6 Date = Day Of Month = 1 - 31
7 DOW = Day Of Week 1 - 7 = Mon - Sun
8 Hour = 1 - 24 hour time clock used
9 Minute = 1 - 59 = Minutes
10 Vent software revision
11 Display software revision

Engineer Error Codes

1 Select Service - Engineer - Display Error Codes

2 Check error codes if any.
3 Format = Date - Time - Fault
4 Example: 08/05/01 - 09:12:40 - Stepper Motor
5 Reset Error Log.

Spirometer Calibration.

1 Remove external spirometer tubing from the rear of the ventilator

2 Check Spirometer is enabled in menu.
3 Enter Spirometer - Calibration from Menu System.
4 If "Calibration - Nocal" is displayed rotate dial until "Cal" is displayed.
5 Press Dial to calibrate Spiro.
6 Display will flash "Remove Spiro head" (Actioned in test 1 above)
7 Press Dial to calibrate.
8 Vent is now calibrated.
Allow the menu system to time-out, or use the Exit Menu Options.
9 Reconnect Spirometer tubing to the rear of the ventilator.

Bellows Assembly

1 Remove and clean canister.

2 Remove Bellows assembly from base.
3 Replace Bellows
4 Remove diaphragm valve (3 x thumb screw)
5 Inspect valve seat for damage.
6 Check valve disk hangs level.
7 If necessary clean valve seat and valve disc using alcohol wipe.
8 Do Not Attempt To Dismantle Diaphragm Assembly.
9 Remove, discard and replace 'O' Seals from canister and diaphragm valve.
10 Refit Diaphragm Valve.
11 Examine bellows for signs of wear or deterioration and replace if necessary.
12 Refit bellows and canister.
13 With hand occlude 'Vent Driving Gas' outlet and invert bellows assembly.
The Bellows should drop. Remove hand and allow bellows to inflate fully, occlude
'Vent Driving Gas' outlet and turn bellows assembly over (Right way up). Bellows
should not deflate.

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14 With hand occlude 'Breathing System' outlet and invert bellows assembly. Bellows
should expand. Allow bellows to expand fully then return bellows assembly to upright
position while still occluding 'Breathing System' outlet. Bellows should not deflate.
15 Failure of either of the above two tests indicates incorrect assembly, a bellows leak
or a diaphragm valve leak. Rectify fault and repeat above tests.
16 Refit bellows assembly to base. Lock canister into position upon base unit.

Pneumatic System

1 Disconnect mains supply, remove covers and unlock main PCB tray to gain access.
2 Using special tool (C-Spanner) replace Quad seal in exhaust valve.
3 Replace exhaust valve silicon seal and O-ring (0827) if fitted.
4 Remove plate on top of exhaust block (3 screws) and replace O-seal in P.R.V.
Special tool required for PRV O-ring.
Replace O-ring in seal plate cover and the O-ring on the underside of PRV Housing.
5 Note: Housing has 1x large hole and 1 x medium hole (one above the other) that
must be lined up with the two holes in the exhaust block for correct operation of PRV.
6 Check condition of internal spirometer tubing. Replace if necessary.
7 Check condition of external spirometer tubing and connections. Replace if necessary.
Note: AV 800 Spiro External Tubing is not compatible with the AV900 Ventilator.
8 Replace Gas Supply filter.
9 Connect test gauge to pneumatic Assembly
Check regulator set to 35 psi ± 2 psi at a flow of 5 L/min
10 Using non-return test probe, check drive gas supply hose for leaks.
11 Connect ventilator to the power supply.
Turn control switch to stand-by.
Set L/min, BPM rate and I:E ratio to minimum settings available.
Disconnect mains supply.
Turn control switch to OFF.
Check at this position the needle valve is almost shut.

1 Control Unit
2 Check all electrical connections and components for security.
3 Check air/oxygen switch located middle of PCB is set for the correct driving gas.

1. Set Up
2 Select drive hose O2 or Air. Attach to the Oxygen/Air connection to the rear panel.
3 Connect the small corrugated hose to the Driving Gas Port of vent and the bellows
vent drive gas connector.
4 Connect a hose from the Breathing System Port to the 'Vent' port of CO2 Absorber
(or 'Bag' port if no vent port on absorber).
5 Connect the pressure tube to MANOMETER/ PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
connection on the rear panel and to the Connector on the Pressure Tee-piece which
should be connected to the Inspiratory port of the absorber
6 Connect Spirometer tubing to SPIRO connections on the rear panel and to the
Spirometer Tee-piece which should be connected to the Vent Port of the CO2
Absorber or Bag Port if no Vent Port. Note correct orientation of Tee.
7 Connect the 'Patient Breathing' tubes to the CO2 absorber
Attach the patient 'Y' to a test lung.
8 Attach the 'Fresh Gas Supply' to the CO2 Absorber
Set O2 Flow at 0.25 L/min, or minimum flow.

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9 Connect the Gas Scavenging System to the "Exhaust Port" on the rear of the vent.
It is recommended that a 10 cmH2O PRV be fitted between the exhaust of the
ventilator and the AGSS receiver unit.
10 Connect the mains cable.
11 NOTE The vent drive gas is linked to the exhaust with a coupling block on the
outside of the bellows unit. This is for the Electronic PEEP capability of the AV900.
PEEP is controlled by the proportional valve fitted internally to the exhaust block.

Stand-by Mode

1 Power on the Ventilator.

2 The Ventilator will Beep Once and display software versions before displaying the
main screen.
3 Stand-by mode is indicated on the right edge of screen bottom highlighted yellow.
4 Set incorrect rate, i.e. increase Litres and or rate controls clockwise.
Check 'Incorrect Rate Or Ratio' alarm. 3 tone beeps and "rate ratio error" displayed
on screen.
5 Check that Spiro is enabled in the menu system.

Spontaneous Mode

1 Select Spontaneous on touch screen.

2 Select "MEASD" on set/measd touch screen. Selection is highlighted.
3 Check absorber is in vent mode.
4 Operate Test Lung (by hand)
Check 'LITRES/MIN' and 'RATE BPM' display indicate readings.
Observe wave form displayed.
5 Stop operation of test lung and ensure pressure gauge falls to zero after 30 sec
delay
Check 'LOW AIRWAY PRESSURE' alarm triggered and display shows = = =.
6 Press ' MUTE' verify audible alarm is muted for 30 seconds. (Note alarm mute
countdown displayed beneath the standby selector on touch screen.)
7 Switch absorber to bag mode, close APL valve. Inflate bag with O2 flush.
Squeeze bag gently and see that manometer on Vent displays pressure.
8 Switch absorber to vent mode and open APL Valve
9 Select "SET" on set/measd touch screen.

Volume Cycle & Flow Compensation Tests

1 Switch Ventilator to 'VOLUME CYCLE' Mode

2 Set 'TIDAL VOLUME LITRES/MIN' to 0.8.
Set 'RATE BPM' to 10.
Set 'I:E Ratio' to 1:2
Set the 'AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT' to Max.
3 Verify 800 ml is delivered as indicated on bellows canister.
4 Press 'INSP PAUSE'
Check 25% pause during the Inspiratory phase.
5 Press 'MEASD"
Check displays indicate correct values on 'LITRES/MIN' and 'RATE BPM'.
6 From Menu, select compensation OFF.
Apply a flow of Oxygen from Anaesthetic Machine of 5 L/min
Check displayed TV rises from 0.8 to 1.0 approximately.

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7 From Menus, select compensation on.

Allow 2 minutes for reading to stabilise.
Check displayed TV = 0.8 ± 0.5. (Note bellows delivers less gas than before)
8 Press Wave Freeze
Check waveform freezes on display.
Press again to clear.
9 Set electronic PEEP to 10cm H2O
Check waveform to see that it displays 10 cmH2O of PEEP. (Straight line is good.
Decline of line indicates leak.)
Turn off PEEP.
10 Adjust Airway Pressure and observe changing scale on waveform.
Reset to max.
11 Go into menu system and change waveform display.
Check following waveforms are selectable.
1. Pressure v Time.
2. Volume v Time.
3. Pressure v Volume (Compliance Loop).
Reset back to Pressure v Time.
12 Check the ventilator is operating smoothly, test lung is inflating, and system pressure
is displayed on both vent and absorber manometer.
13 Remove and Occlude "Expiratory Limb" of Breathing Hose
Check that the following alarms operate:-
14 High Airway pressure
15 High Continuous Pressure
16 Low Airway Pressure
17 Remove occlusion (open circuit) and check Low Tidal Volume Alarm operates.
18 Disconnect power supply
Verify ventilator continues to operate on battery.
Check that the AC Power Fail alarm is displayed.

Pressure Ventilation (NB: No TV Selection available in this mode)

1 Switch Ventilator to 'PRESSURE'

2 Vent will automatically Set 'AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT' to 20 cm H2O.
Verify pressure is held at this setting.
3 Carry out Leak test.
Set 'Rate' to 5 BPM
Set 'AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT' to 50cm H2O,
Set I:E Ratio 1:1,
Ensure flowmeter on machine is set to 200 ml or minimum.
Fill bellows using O2 flush, allow bellows to cycle and verify bellows remain full.
Max permissible leak 200ml.
4 Check waveform holds the airway pressure values. (Level display)
A falling display indicates a leak (Check exhaust valve).
5 Remove mini - Schrader from gas supply pressure
Check 'LOW SUPPLY PRESSURE' alarm activates.
6 Reconnect mini-Schrader.

Mechanical and Electronic PRV Tests

1 Leave the ventilator in Pressure Ventilation Mode.

2 Occlude Drive Gas Hose from ventilator.

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3. Make an electrical short circuit across pins 1 & 2 on connector CN9 on the
PCB.
4 Check Mechanical PRV valve blows off. Audible sound from PRV and vent maintains
normal Inspiratory and Expiratory cycle ratio.
5 Stop shorting pins 1 & 2 on connector CN9.
Maintain occlusion of the Drive Gas Hose.
6 Check electronic PRV operates.
This PRV will switch the vent from inspiratory to expiratory mode when pressure
exceeded.
This gives a shorter cycle, rapid clicking sound as opposed to the mechanical PRV.
Note you may have to let the ventilator cycle a while as mechanical PRV may blow
off rather than electronic PRV. If needed occlude the exhaust outlet on rear of vent.
7 Lock PCB Tray back into position and refit cover.

Oxygen Analyser Function and Calibration Tests. (If Applicable)

The Oxygen Analyser Function is available as a purchasable optional extra.

1 Connect test O2 Analyser into patient circuit.

2 Check Vent O2 sensor is inserted into the absorber O2 sampling point.
3 Calibrate Vent and test O2 sensors in 100% Oxygen.
4 Expose both sensors to air and check reading is 21% ± 2
On ventilator, adjust high and low O2 alarms and check alarms trigger when values
lower or higher than reading on the vent O2 analyser respectively.
Return alarm levels to original settings.
5 Restore vent O2 sensor to correct location.
Remove test O2 analyser.

Documentation.

Documentation.
1. Complete all necessary documentation.
2. Remove all test equipment and tools.
Penlon recommend that after servicing the Ventilator should be given an Acceptance
Check" by an Anaesthetist before being returned to Operational Use.

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7.4 Five Year Service Checks

(To be performed every 5 years)

Machine Frame:

1 Check general condition of ventilator.

2 Check for damage.
3 Check and record front panel control settings.

Electrical Safety Test:

1 Check mains lead and plug for damage.

2 Perform Electrical Safety Tests as relevant for country of use.

Power On and Display Checks

1 Check that the Mains indicator illuminates Amber when unit is switched off and
connected to the mains.
2 Turn ventilator to 'Standby' and check both audible alarms activate.
3 Check that the 'Boot Up' screen appears.
4 Check current software version is displayed. V3.00
5 Check mains indicator illuminates Green.
6 Verify minimum and maximum settings by adjusting:
Tidal Volume (TV),
Breaths Per Minute (BPM)
Inspiratory / Expiratory ratio (I:E)
until the display indicates 0.05, 100, & 1:0.6 respectively.
n button and rotate dial.
Press dial or touch screen button to confirm change.
Failure to confirm will result in an unchanged value.
7 Verify minimum and maximum settings by adjusting:
Tidal Volume (TV),
Breaths Per Minute (BPM)
Inspiratory / Expiratory ratio (I:E)
Press relevant touch screen button until the display indicates 1.6, 4, & 1:8.0
respectively.
8 Tests 6 & 7 above test the stepper motor needle valve drive.
If the needle sticks a "Vent Inop" alarm will be triggered.
9 Turn Off ventilator.
Turn On ventilator
Check that the settings as set in test 7 above have been retained.

Menu Selection Tests

1 Press menu selection located to the left of the mute button

Check the menu screen appears.
2 By rotation of the dial switch check that the menu menu scrolls, and that sub menus
can be selected by pressing the dial switch.
Note, some menu selections will time out after a predetermined period of inactivity.
3 Restore any changed settings made during the above tests.

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Engineers Test Mode

1 Press Menu Select button.

2 Select Service - Engineer Mode
3 Check Date and Time.
4 Year = 1 = 01 year
5 Month = 1 - 12 = Jan - Dec
6 Date = Day Of Month = 1 - 31
7 DOW = Day Of Week 1 - 7 = Mon - Sun
8 Hour = 1 - 24 hour time clock used
9 Minute = 1 - 59 = Minutes
10 Ventilator software revision
11 Display software revision

Engineer Error Codes

1 Select Service - Engineer - Display Error Codes

2 Check error codes if any.
3 Format = Date - Time - Fault
4 Example: 08/05/01 - 09:12:40 - Stepper Motor
5 Reset Error Log.

Spirometer Calibration.

1 Remove external spirometer tubing from the rear of the ventilator

2 Check Spirometer is enabled in menu.
3 Enter Spirometer - Calibration from Menu System.
4 If "Calibration - Nocal" is displayed, rotate the dial until "Cal" is displayed.
5 Press Dial to calibrate Spiro.
6 Display will flash "Remove Spiro head" (Actioned in test 1 above)
7 Press Dial to calibrate.
8. Vent is now calibrated.
Allow the menu system to time-out, or use the Exit Menu Options.
9 Reconnect Spirometer tubing to the rear of the ventilator.

Bellows Assembly

1 Remove and clean canister.

2 Remove Bellows assembly from base.
3 Replace Bellows
4 Remove diaphragm valve (3 x thumb screw)
5 Replace diaphragm valve.
6 Inspect valve seat for damage.
7 Check valve disk hangs level.
8 If necessary clean valve seat and valve disc using alcohol wipe.
9 Do Not Attempt To Dismantle Diaphragm Assembly.
10 Remove, discard and replace 'O' Seals from canister and diaphragm valve.
11 Refit Diaphragm Valve.
12 Examine bellows for signs of wear or deterioration and replace if necessary.
13 Refit bellows and canister.

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14 With hand occlude 'Vent Driving Gas' outlet and invert the bellows assembly. Bellows
should drop.
Remove hand and allow bellows to inflate fully, occlude 'Vent Driving Gas' outlet and
turn bellows assembly over (Right way up).
Bellows should not deflate.
15 With hand, occlude 'Breathing System' outlet and invert bellows assembly. Bellows
should expand.
Allow bellows to expand fully, then return bellows assembly to upright position while
still occluding 'Breathing System' outlet.
Bellows should not deflate.
16 Failure of either of the above two tests indicates incorrect assembly, a bellows leak
or a diaphragm valve leak.
Rectify fault and repeat above tests.
17 Refit bellows assembly to base.
Lock canister into position upon base unit.

Pneumatic System

1 Disconnect the mains supply.

Remove the control unit cover and unlock the main PCB tray to gain access.
2 Using special tool (C-Spanner) replace Quad seal in exhaust valve.
3 Replace exhaust valve silicon seal and O-ring (0827) if fitted.
4 Remove plate on top of exhaust block (3 screws)
Renew 'O' seal in P.R.V. Special tool required for PRV O-ring.
Replace O' ring seal plate cover and O-ring underside of PRV Housing.
5 Note Housing has 1x large hole and 1 x medium hole (one above the other) that
must be lined up with the two holes in the exhaust block for correct operation of PRV.
6 Check condition of internal spirometer tubing. Replace if necessary.
7 Check condition of external spirometer tubing and connections.
Replace if necessary.
Note AV 800 Spiro External Tubing is not compatible with the AV900 Ventilator.
8 Fit a new Gas Supply filter.
9 Fit a new pressure reducing regulator.
10 Replace all internal tubing.
11 Connect test gauge to pneumatic Assembly
Check regulator is set to 35 psi (± 2 psi) at a flow of 5 L/min
12 Using non-return test probe, check drive gas supply hose for leaks.
13 Connect ventilator to the power supply.
Turn control switch to stand-by.
Set L/min, BPM rate and I:E ratio to minimum settings available.
Disconnect mains supply.
Turn control switch to OFF.
Check at this position the needle valve is almost shut.

Control Unit

1 Check all electrical connections and components for security.

2 Check air/oxygen switch located middle of PCB is set for the correct driving gas.
3 Fit a new back up battery.
4 Fit a new real time battery.

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Set Up

1 Select drive hose O2 or Air and attach to the Oxygen/Air connection to the rear
panel.
2 Connect the small corrugated hose to the Driving Gas Port of vent and the bellows
vent drive gas connector.
3 Connect a hose from the Breathing System Port to the 'Vent' port of CO2 Absorber
or 'Bag' port if no vent port on absorber.
4 Connect the pressure tube to MANOMETER/ PRESSURE TRANSDUCER
connection on the rear panel and to the Connector on the Pressure Tee-piece.
The Tee-piece must be connected to the Inspiratory port of the absorber.
5 Connect Spirometer tubing to SPIRO connections on the rear panel and to the
Spirometer Tee-piece
the Tee-piece must be connected to the Vent Port of the CO2 Absorber (or Bag Port
if no Vent Port is fitted).
Note correct orientation of T.
6 Connect the 'Patient Breathing' tubes to the CO2 absorber
Attach the patient 'Y' to a test lung.
7 Attach the 'Fresh Gas Supply' to the CO2 Absorber
Set O2 Flow at 0.25 L/min, or minimum flow.
8 Connect the Gas Scavenging System to the "Exhaust Port" on the rear of the vent.
It is recommended that a 10 cmH2O PRV be fitted between the exhaust of the
ventilator and the AGSS receiver unit.
9 Connect the mains cable.

10 NB: The vent drive gas is linked to the exhaust with a coupling block on the outside
of the bellows unit. This is for the Electronic PEEP capability of the AV900.
PEEP is controlled by the proportional valve fitted internally to the exhaust block.

Stand-by Mode

1 Power on the Ventilator.

2 Vent will Beep Once and display software versions before displaying the main
screen.
3 Stand-by mode is indicated on the right edge of screen bottom highlighted yellow.
4 Set incorrect rate, i.e. increase Litres and or rate controls clockwise.
Check 'Incorrect Rate Or Ratio' alarm. 3 tone beeps and "rate ratio error" displayed
on screen.
5 Check that Spiro is enabled in the menu system.

Spontaneous Mode

1 Select Spontaneous on touch screen.

2 Select "MEASD" on set/measd touch screen. Selection is highlighted.
3 Check absorber is in vent mode.
4 Operate Test Lung (by hand)
Check 'LITRES/MIN' and 'RATE BPM' display indicate readings.
Observe wave form displayed.
5 Stop operation of test lung and ensure pressure gauge falls to zero after 30 sec
delay
Check 'LOW AIRWAY PRESSURE' alarm triggered and display shows = = =.

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6 Press ' MUTE'

Verify audible alarm is muted for 30 seconds. (Note alarm mute countdown displayed
beneath the standby selector on touch screen.)
7 Switch absorber to bag mode, close APL valve.
Inflate bag with O2 flush.
Squeeze bag gently and see that manometer on Vent displays pressure.
8 Switch absorber to vent mode and open APL Valve
9 Select "SET" on set/measd touch screen.

Volume Cycle & Flow Compensation Tests

1 Switch Ventilator to 'VOLUME CYCLE' Mode

2 Set 'TIDAL VOLUME LITRES/MIN' to 0.8.
Set 'RATE BPM' to 10.
Set 'I:E Ratio' to 1:2
Set 'AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT' to Max.
3 Verify 800 ml is delivered as indicated on bellows canister.
4 Press 'INSP PAUSE'
Check 25% pause during the Inspiratory phase.
5 Press 'MEASD"
Check displays indicate correct values on 'LITRES/MIN' and 'RATE BPM'.
6 From Menu select compensation OFF.
Apply a flow of Oxygen from Anaesthetic Machine of 5 L/min.
Check displayed TV rises from 0.8 to 1.0 approximately.
7 From Menus select compensation on.
Allow 2 minutes for reading to stabilise.
Check displayed TV = 0.8 ± 0.5. (Note bellows delivers less gas than before)
8 Press Wave Freeze.
Check waveform freezes on display.
Press again to clear.
9 Set electronic PEEP to 10cm H2O.
Check waveform to see that it displays 10cm H2O of PEEP. (Straight line is good.
Decline of line indicates leak.)
Turn off PEEP.
10 Adjust Airway Pressure and observe changing scale on waveform.
Reset to max.
11 Go into menu system and change waveform display.
Check following waveforms are selectable.
1. Pressure v Time.
2. Volume v Time.
3. Pressure v Volume (Compliance Loop).
Reset back to Pressure v Time.
12 Check the ventilator is operating smoothly, test lung is inflating, and system pressure
is displayed on both vent and absorber manometer.
13 Remove and Occlude "Expiratory Limb" of Breathing Hose and check that the
following alarms operate:-
14 High Airway pressure
15 High Continuous Pressure
16 Low Airway Pressure
17 Remove occlusion (open circuit) and check Low Tidal Volume Alarm operates.
18 Disconnect power supply and verify ventilator continues to operate on battery. Check
that the AC Power Fail alarm is displayed.

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Pressure Ventilation (NB: No TV Selection available in this mode)

1. Switch the Ventilator to 'PRESSURE Ventilation Mode.

2. The ventilator will automatically set 'AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT' to 20 cmH2O. Verify
pressure is held at this setting.
3. Carry out a Leak test.
Set 'Rate' to 5 BPM.
Set 'AIRWAY PRESSURE LIMIT' to 50cm H2O.
Set , I:E Ratio 1:1.
Ensure Flowmeter A/M set to 200 ml or minimum.
Fill bellows using O2 flush.
Allow the bellows to cycle and verify bellows remain full. Max permissible leak,
200ml.
4. Check waveform holds the airway pressure values. (Level display)
A falling display indicates a leak (Check exhaust valve).
5. Remove the mini - Schrader from gas supply pressure and check 'LOW SUPPLY
PRESSURE' alarm activates.
6. Reconnect the mini-Schrader.

Mechanical and Electronic PRV Tests

1. Continue wit the ventilator in Pressure Ventilation Mode.

2. Occlude the Drive Gas Hose from ventilator.
3. Make an electrical short circuit across pins 1 & 2 on connector CN9 on the PCB.
4 Check Mechanical PRV valve blows off. (Audible sound from PRV and vent
maintains normal Inspiratory and Expiratory cycle ratio.)
5. Remove the short circuit across pins 1 & 2 on connector CN9.
Maintain occlusion of the Drive Gas Hose.
6. Check electronic PRV operates.
This PRV will switch the ventilator from inspiratory to expiratory mode when pressure
exceeded. This gives a shorter cycle, rapid clicking sound as opposed to the
mechanical PRV.
Note that you may have to let the ventilator cycle a while as the mechanical PRV
may blow off before the electronic PRV.
If necessary, occlude the exhaust outlet at the rear of the ventilator.
7. Lock PCB Tray back into position and refit cover.

Oxygen Analyser Function and Calibration Tests. (If Applicable)

The Oxygen Analyser Function is available as an optional extra.

1 Connect a test O2 Analyser into patient circuit.

2. Check Vent O2 sensor is inserted into the absorber O2 sampling point.
3. Calibrate the Ventilator and test O2 sensors in 100% Oxygen.
4. Expose both sensors to air and check reading is 21% ± 2%.
On the ventilator, adjust the high O2 alarm and check that the alarm triggers when
the value is lower or higher than the reading on the test O2 analyser.
Repeat this test for the Low O2 alarm
Return alarm levels to original settings.
Restore vent O2 sensor to correct location.
Remove the test O2 analyser.

71
SERVICE SCHEDULE

Documentation.
1. Complete all necessary documentation.
2. Remove all test equipment and tools.

Penlon recommend that after servicing the Ventilator should be given an Acceptance
Check" by an Anaesthetist before being returned to Operational Use.

72
8. SERVICE PROCEDURES

8.1 Cleaning
8.1.1 Outside surfaces and
bellows housing
Bellows Housing
CAUTION
Care must be taken not to allow liquids to run
into the control unit; serious damage may
result.
Check that the unit is disconnected from the
electrical supply before cleaning.
Do not use cleaning solutions containing
alcohol; the bellows housing may be
damaged.

To clean the outside surface of the ventilator,

use a damp cloth.
If necessary use a warm, mild detergent
solution to remove resistant grime. Make
sure that all detergent residues are fully
removed after cleaning.

Never use any harsh abrasive cleaning

Control Unit
agent. The transparent acrylic bellows
housing (canister) and, in general, the
surfaces of the control unit are not scratch
resistant.

The inside of the canister, under normal

conditions, is not in contact with the
breathing gas and therefore only needs
cleaning as described above.

Remove the canister by slightly twisting it

counter-clockwise until the tabs at the
bottom clear the bayonet locks, then lift it
straight up from the base.

73
SERVICE PROCEDURES

8.1.2 Bellows and exhalation diaphragm

valve

Refer to illustration on next page.

Each time the bellows assemblies are opened for cleaning,
all visible components must be carefully inspected and
damaged parts must be replaced.

Bellows
As with all elastomers, the bellows material deteriorates
with aging and should be inspected at least every six
months or after 1200 hours of use, whichever comes first.
The bellows must be replaced if it shows signs of aging
The bellows can be removed by carefully pulling it off the
base.

Exhalation Diaphragm Valve

The exhalation diaphragm valve is under the bellows and
can be removed by loosening the three thumbscrews.
The valve seat is now visible.

WARNING
Great care must be taken not to damage the precision
surface of the diaphragm valve seat (A).
Never use any hard object or abrasive agent to clean it;
use only a soft cloth (alcohol wipe recommended).
If the valve seat is damaged, the diaphragm valve will
leak and may cause serious malfunction.

Using an alcohol wipe, clean the seat (A), and the metal
disk (B) attached to the base of the diaphragm valve,
thoroughly and remove all contamination from the surfaces
of both components.

NOTE
If excessive contamination is discovered, check that a bacterial
filter is used in the expiratory limb of the breathing circuit (or an
HME at the patient tee-piece).
See section 5.1.4.

After cleaning, check that the small O-ring (C) located in the
bellows base under the diaphragm valve is in place. The
ventilator will not function if the O-ring is missing.
See section 8.2 for information on sterilisation procedures.

Refit the diaphragm valve assembly to the bellows base and

reassemble the bellows assembly.

CAUTION
Always check for correct fitment of the bellows (see illustration)
and carry out a full function test of the ventilator before clinical use.

74
 SERVICE PROCEDURES

A
Exhalation Diaphragm
Valve Assembly

Bellows Base

Refitting the Bellows

75
SERVICE PROCEDURES

8.1.3 Spirometer Sensor

Adaptor and Sample
Lines
6
On a regular basis (at least weekly),
the sensor adaptor (1) and sample
5
lines (2) should be thoroughly
cleaned, and sterilised as necessary.
3 4
1. Carefully detach the sample
lines (3 and 4), from the
connectors (5 and 6) on the
rear panel of the ventilator, and
remove the adaptor (1) from the
absorber.

2. Wash the adaptor, and sample

lines by rinsing with clean
(distilled) water poured into the
outlet (not under pressure).
Ensure that all traces of solid
contamination are flushed out.

3. Sterilisation - see below.

4. When the components are dry,

reconnect the sample lines to
the connectors on the rear
panel of the ventilator.

76
SERVICE PROCEDURES

8.2 Sterilisation

Recommended guidelines for sterilisation

CAUTION
To prevent possible damage to components, peak sterilisation temperatures must
not exceed :
54oC (130oF) for gas (ethylene oxide) or,
134oC (275oF) for steam autoclave.

Do not sterilise the ventilator control unit. The internal components are not
compatible with sterilisation techniques and may be damaged.
Following sterilisation with ethylene oxide, components must be quarantined in a
well ventilated area to allow dissipation of any residual gases.

Follow the recommendations given by the steriliser manufacturer for aeration

periods required.

ITEM METHOD

Bellows Gas, liquid, autoclave (20 cycles max.)

Hoses Gas, liquid, autoclave

O-rings Gas, liquid, low temperature autoclave.

Bellows base Gas, liquid, autoclave.

Exhalation valve Gas, liquid, pasteurise, low temperature

assembly autoclave.

Control unit Do not sterilise - see section 7.2.

Bellows canister Liquid, autoclave.

Spirometer sensor Gas, liquid, autoclave

tee-piece

Spirometer Liquid
sample lines

Oxygen monitor - see section 7.4

NOTE
Examples of suitable liquid agents are: Nu-Cidex, Sporicidin, and Sonacide.
The exhalation diaphragm valve must be removed, cleaned and sterilised
separately.

Oxygen Monitor Sensor - Cleaning and Disinfection

CAUTION
If you use ethylene oxide for sterilisation, use only a low temperature ethylene
oxide method. Do not immerse the sensor in any cleaning solution.
Do not autoclave or expose the sensor to high temperatures.

77
SERVICING PROCEDURES

8.3 Tubing Connectors

To connect and disconnect the tubing from the push-in

connectors, follow the procedures detailed below.

Do not use excess force.

Disconnecting tubing from connector

Push in the tube and the connector

end piece ‘A’.
A
Hold the end piece ‘A’ in place.

Pull the tube out to disconnect.

Fitting tubing to connector

Push in the tube as far as possible

Do not use excessive force.

The connector end piece ‘A’ will also move inwards.

Pull the tube carefully outwards.

The end piece ‘A’ will be pulled outwards to the

‘locked’ position

78
SERVICING PROCEDURES

8.4 Fitting the Annual

Preventive Maintenance
Kit

1. Disconnect from mains electrical

and gas supplies.

Bellows assembly
1. Remove the bellows housing and
bellows (1).
2. Loosen the three screws securing
the exhalation diaphragm valve (2)
and remove.
3. Fit a new O-rings (3 and 4) to the
bellows base (5).
4. Check the condition of the
exhalation valve disk and valve seat 041204
(see section 9.1.2) O-ring
NOTE
If a ventilator is equipped with an optional
paediatric bellows assembly, the O-ring on
the paediatric adaptor must also be
renewed annually.
Order O-ring, Part No. 041225
041226 O-ring

Drive gas inlet filter 1

1. Remove the chassis unit cover. 2
2. Undo the hose connector (1).
3. Fit a new filter (2), and refit the 0762 Filter
hose connector. (drive gas inlet)

79
SERVICING PROCEDURES
042819
O-ring
(quad
Exhaust valve 300045 profile)
1. Use service tool to unscrew Sealing
the exhaust valve. Washer

2. Remove the valve

components and fit a new
sealing washer (2) and
O-ring (3).

041214 O-ring
(36 mm dia cover)
Pressure relief valve (PRV) 0230 O-ring
1. Remove the PRV cover. (30 mm dia cover)
2. Fit a new O-ring:
a) to the valve plunger
b) to the cover
c) valve insert
041206
O-ring

0314
O-ring

NOTE
Carry out a full function test before
returning the ventilator for clinical use.

80
SERVICING PROCEDURES

8.5 Fitting the Five Year Overhaul

Kit 1
Note: See section 8.4 for components that are common to
the Annual Kit and the Five Year Kit.

1. Disconnect the ventilator from electrical and

gas supplies. Remove the cover from the
ventilator control unit chassis.
Disconnect the earth lead on the cover.
2. Disconnect the wiring connectors (1) on
the PCB.
3. Remove the four screws (2) to allow the main
6
PCB / tray assembly to be removed.
4. Disconnect the leads from the battery (3).

Pneumatic Regulator Assembly 5

5. Disconnect the wiring and tubing.
Remove the securing screws (4) from under
the chassis, and detach the regulator 2
assembly (5) from the manifold assembly.
6. Fit a new regulator and new tubing (see
below).

Mains back-up battery

6. Carefully break the adhesive seal and detach 3
the alarm system speaker (5) from the top of
the battery (3).
7. Break the adhesive seal between the battery
2
and the base of the ventilator chassis and
remove the battery.
8. Fit a new battery, using a new adhesive pad to
hold in place.
9. Refit the speaker (5), using a new adhesive
pad to hold in place.

Real time clock battery

CAUTION To prevent possible contamination and
subsequent corrosion, avoid touching the contact areas on
the battery.
10. Fit a new battery (6).
Check for real time errors which may occur 5
because of battery replacement.

Internal Tubing
11. Renew all internal tubing (including
spirometer tubing if fitted). 4
Note: Spirometer accuracy is dependant on
correct tubing lengths.
NOTE
Reassembling the Ventilator Carry out a full function test before
12. Reconnect the wiring, refit the PCB/tray returning the ventilator for clinical use.
assembly and cover.
81
SERVICING PROCEDURES
2

8.6 Manifold Assembly

1. Disconnect the ventilator from

electrical and gas supplies. Remove
the cover from the ventilator control
unit chassis.
Disconnect the earth lead (1) on the
cover.
2. Disconnect the wiring connectors (2) 1
on the PCB. 2
3. Remove the four screws (3) to allow
the main PCB / tray assembly to be
removed.
4. Disconnect the leads from the battery
(4).
5. Disconnect the wiring and tubing from
the manifold assembly.
6. Remove the three securing screws (5)
from under the chassis, and detach
the manifold assembly (6).

Refitting 3
7. Reverse the removal procedure.

8. Carry out a full function test before 4

returning the ventilator for clinical use.

82
SERVICING PROCEDURES

8.7 Electrical Power Supply 2 4

Unit

1. Disconnect the ventilator from

electrical and gas supplies.
Remove the cover from the ventilator
control unit chassis.
Disconnect the earth lead (1) on the
cover.

2. Disconnect the wiring connectors (2)

on the PCB. 1
2 4
3. Remove the four screws (4) to allow
the main PCB / tray assembly to be 3
removed.

4. Disconnect the leads from the battery

(5). 7
5. Cut the tie-wrap on the mains input
6
socket / filter unit (6)

6. Remove the two screws (7) and

detach the unit from the chassis, but 10
do not disconnect the wiring.
9
7. From underneath the ventilator,
5
remove the four screws (8) and lift the
power supply unit (9) from the 10
chassis.
Disconnect the wiring (10) from the
power supply unit to allow removal. 8
Refitting

8. Reverse the removal procedure.

9. Carry out a full function test before

returning the ventilator for clinical use.

83
SERVICING PROCEDURES

3
8.8 Main PCB Tray Assembly

The PCB is not available as a separate item.

4
A tray assembly complete with pre-programmed
PCB must be fitted if the PCB is faulty.

1. Disconnect the ventilator from electrical

and gas supplies. Remove the cover from
the ventilator control unit chassis.
Disconnect the earth lead (1) on the
cover.

2. Disconnect the wiring connectors (2) on 1

2
the PCB.
4
3. Disconnect the Display board ribbon
cable (3) from the PCB.

4. Remove the four screws (4) to allow the

main PCB / tray assembly to be removed.
Refitting
5. Reverse the removal procedure.

6. Carry out a full function test before

returning the ventilator for clinical use.

8.9 Spirometer System Sensor

1. Disconnect the ventilator from electrical

and gas supplies. Remove the cover from
the ventilator control unit chassis.

2. Disconnect the wiring connector (1) from

J1 on the PCB. 1
3. Disconnect the sample tubes (2) from the
sensor (3).
2
4. Remove the two screws securing the
sensor assembly to the chassis, and
detach the assembly from the ventilator.

Refitting
5. Reverse the removal procedure.

6. Carry out a full function test before

returning the ventilator for clinical use.
3
2
84
SERVICING PROCEDURES

8.10 Screen and Display PCB

Assembly 2

NOTE
The Screen and PCB are not available
as separate items. A complete assembly
must be fitted if either component is
faulty.

1. Disconnect the ventilator from

electrical and gas supplies.
Remove the cover from the
ventilator control unit chassis.

2. Disconnect the wiring connector (1) 1

from J1 on the PCB.
2
3. Disconnect the Display board 3 3
ribbon cable (2) from the Main PCB.

4. Remove the four screws securing

the screen and PCB assembly to
the chassis. (Two screws at (3),
and two screws from under the
chassis (4)).

5. Detach the assembly (5) from the

ventilator control unit.

Refitting
6. Reverse the removal procedure.

7. Carry out a full function test before

returning the ventilator for clinical
use.

5
4

85
SERVICING PROCEDURES

8.11 Oxygen Monitor Sensor Replacement

WARNING
The sensor contains:
A) A small quantity of electrolyte, classified as a harmful irritant
which is potentially hazardous.
B) Lead
Do not attempt to open a cell.
ALWAYS check the integrity of the sensor assembly before use.
Once exhausted, the sensor must be disposed of according to
hospital, local, state and federal regulations.

8.11.1 Sensor Expiry Date

The approximate expiry date is marked on the sensor label, using
two boxes which represent the year and month.
Thus, on a sensor marked as below the approximate expiry date
is the end of December 2001.

YR 0 x1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

MTH J F M A M J J A S O N D x
8.11.2 Sensor Unit - Remove and Refit

1. Pull out the cable connector (A) from the expired sensor
(B).
2. Remove sensor from the Tee adaptor (C). A
Note that the sensor may also be fitted to the dome of the
inspiratory valve, if fitted to a circle system absorber (see
section 5.4).
3. Discard the expired sensor and flow diverter (D). B
4. Insert the cable connector into the new sensor (B).
5. Screw the new flow diverter (D) onto the new sensor, and
fit new O-rings.
6. Fit the assembly into the Tee adaptor or dome.
7. Calibrate the new sensor, see section 5.4. D
8. Disposal of used components:
Comply with hospital regulations and relevant national
legislation.
C

Replacement parts
58780 Sensor (includes flow
diverter and O-rings)
58779 Tee adaptor
86
9. SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

AV 900 Preventive Maintenance Kits

Part No. Description

57453 12 month Kit

57454 60 month Kit

Mounting Kits
58128 Prima SP Anaesthetic Machine
Ventilator Side Bracket Kit
58127 Prima SP Anaesthetic Machine
Ventilator Shelf Mounting Kit

87
SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

Preventive Maintenance Kit

12 Month Service
Part No. 57453
Part No Qty. Component Description
042819 1 O-ring (quad profile) - Exhaust Valve
0314 1 O-seal Viton - PRV
041204 1 O-ring - Viton - Bellows Base
041226 1 O-ring - Silicone - Bellows Base Assembly
300045 1 Sealing Washer - Exhaust Valve
0762 1 Filter - Drive Gas Inlet
57550 1 Bellows
041214 1 O-ring - PRV Plate Cover
041206 1 O-ring - PRV
0827 1 O-seal - Exhaust Valve

Note
If a paediatric
bellows assembly is
used with the AV900,
the O-ring on the
bellows adaptor must
57550 be renewed annually.
Bellows Order O-ring, Part
No 041225.

041204
O-ring

041226
O-ring

88
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS
042819
O-ring
(quad
300045 profile) 0762
Sealing Filter - Drive
Washer Gas Inlet

0827
O-seal

Pressure Relief Valve

041214 O-ring (36 mm dia cover)

0230 O-ring (30 mm dia cover)

041206
O-ring

0314
O-ring

89
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

Preventive Maintenance Kit

60 Month Service
Part No. 57454
Part No Qty. Component Description
042819 1 O-ring (quad profile) - Exhaust Valve
0314 1 O-seal Viton - PRV
041204 1 O-ring - Viton - Bellows Base Assembly
041226 1 O-ring - Silicone - Bellows Base Assembly
300045 1 Sealing Washer - Exhaust Valve
0762 1 Filter - Drive Gas Inlet
104019 1 Lithium Battery - Real Time Clock
103996 1 Lead Acid Battery
045438 1 Internal Regulator
300116 1 Internal Tubing Set (not shown, refer to Service Manual
for correct installation)
300027 1 Pneumatic Assembly - Service Exchange
57550 1 Bellows
406020 1 Diaphragm Valve
0827 1 O-ring - Exhaust Valve
041214 1 O-ring - PRV Plate Cover
041206 1 O-ring - PRV

0762
Filter - Drive
Note Gas Inlet
If a paediatric
bellows assembly is
used with the AV900,
the O-ring on the
bellows adaptor must
be renewed annually.
57550 Order O-ring, Part
Bellows No 041225.

406020
Diaphragm
Valve 041204
O-ring

041226
O-ring

90
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

300027
Pneumatic
Assembly

Pressure Relief Valve

041214 O-ring (36 mm dia cover)

0230 O-ring (30 mm dia cover)

041206
O-ring

103996
Lead Acid
Battery

0314 042819
O-ring O-ring
(quad
300045 profile)
Sealing
Washer
0827
O-seal

Exhaust valve

104019
Lithium
Battery

91
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

Fitting Instructions
Prima SP Anaesthetic Machine
Ventilator Side Bracket Kit
Cat. No. 58128
WARNING
After installation, function test the
anaesthetic machine and the ventilator
before clinical use.

Mounting bracket 4
A ‘T-slot’ mounting system can be used on each side
upright, to allow the use of pole-mount brackets,
V-brackets, and ventilator mounting brackets.
2
1
1. Assemble the bracket (1), T-nuts (2) and
M6 x 12 screws (3) and M6 washers.
Do not tighten the screws.
Fit to the side upright (4), and tighten the
screws.
NOTE - The T-nuts must be inserted into 3
the channel, as shown. The nuts will
rotate to the correct position when the
screws are tightened.

CAUTION
Check that the bracket is securely fitted to the
anaesthetic machine before fitting the
ventilator.

Fitting the Ventilator

2. Position the ventilator on the bracket, with

the rubber feet over the holes in the top of
the bracket

3. Secure the ventilator to the bracket with

the plastic capped M4 x 14 screws and
washers (5). 4
WARNING 1
Do not use any other size of screw and 5
washer.

92
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

Fitting Instructions
Prima SP Anaesthetic Machine
Ventilator Shelf Mounting Kit
Cat. No. 58127

WARNING
After installation, function test the
anaesthetic machine and the ventilator
before clinical use.

Fitting the Ventilator

1. Position the ventilator on the
mounting plate (1), with the rubber
feet over the holes in the plate. 1
2. Secure the ventilator to the plate with
the four M4 x 12 screws (1). 3
WARNING
Do not use any other size of screw.
2

3. Position the ventilator and plate

assembly on the shelf and secure
with the two M4 x 8 screws (3).

93
SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

Chassis Assembly
(includes some electrical system components)

Ref Part No. Qty. Description

1 300337 1 Chassis
2 104012 1 Label - Electrical Earth
3 300027 1 Pneumatic Manifold Assembly
4 019121 2 Screw - M4 x 8
5 054519 1 Coupling
6 462541 1 Tube (4 mm x 165 mm)
7 462544 1 Tube (8 mm x 200 mm)
8 103996 1 Battery - Lead Acid
8A 104035 1 Fuse - 3 amp - Blade type
9 462541 1 Tube (4 mm x 200 mm)
10 011240 4 Foot - Rubber

11 300006 1 Speaker and wiring loom

12 300312 1 Exhaust Block Assembly
13 462545 1 Tube (10 mm x 85 mm)
14 011241 1 Tape - adhesive - double-sided (105 mm)
15 019142 9 Screw - M4 x 10 Countersunk Head
16 0762 1 Filter
17 21240 1 Spring
18 700385 1 Connector - DISS - O2
19 104028 1 Power Supply
20 300040 1 Connector - Tapered

21 300385 1 Nut - M36

22 300082 1 Retaining Plate
23 104715 1 Connector / Filter - Mains Electrical - IEC
24 020014 1 Nut - M16
25 2220-099 1 Retainer Assembly - Mains Plug - IEC
26 01035 1 Washer - M4 - Shakeproof
27 019067 1 Screw - M4 x 12 Socket Head (Electrical Earth Fixing)
28 104020 2 Fuse, 2 Amp - Anti-surge - High Rupture Ceramic (HRC) - 20 mm
29 300376 1 Wiring Loom (not shown)
30 300378 1 Cable - Display (not shown)

31 104019 1 Battery - Lithium

32 - 1 Fuse, 3 Amp - Nano-Fuse - Anti-surge
6.1 mm x 2.7 mm x 2.7 mm
Note that this fuse is not fitted to later production machines.

33 103637 1 Pad - adhesive

34 103611 1 Tie wrap

94
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS
1
1

27
1 14
1

26 11
1 1
8
8A
1

22
9 1
6
1
1

12 19
1 1

15
REF
13
1

4 23
2 1

28
3
2
1

25
1

7
1

2
21
1 1

20
1
5
1 17
1
24
1 16
1

18
1
15 10
9 4

31 32

95
SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

Ref Part No. Qty. Description

Exhaust Valve

1 104728 1 Plug - 2 Way

2 045061 1 Proportional Valve
3 102953 1 Pressure Switch
4 01108 2 Screw - M3 x 16 Socket Head
5 01083 6 Screw - M3 x 12 Cap Head
6 300398 1 Adjustment Plate - Proportional Valve
7 300366 1 Plug - Exhaust Valve
8 041229 1 O-ring (3.6 I.D. x 2.4 CS Dia. )
9 300365 1 Exhaust Block
10 041222 1 O-ring
11 054541 1 Tube Connector
12 300367 1 PRV Cap
13 054524 1 Elbow - 10 mm Tube
14 300072 1 PRV Plunger
15 0314 1 O-ring
16 041214 1 O-ring (36 mm dia cover)
0230 1 O-ring (30 mm dia cover)
17 031047 1 Spring
18 041206 1 O-ring
19 300335 1 PRV Insert
20 053207 1 Plug 1/8" BSPP
21 054512 1 Elbow - 4 mm Tube
22 300045 1 Sealing Washer
23 031045 1 Spring
24 042819 1 O-ring (quad profile)
25 300043 1 Piston
26 300332 1 Seal Spacer
27 300384 1 Taper Adaptor
28 019122 5 Screw - M3 x 6 Button Head
29 041256 2 O-ring

96
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

28
5

12
PROPORTIONAL VALVE (ITEM 2) 1
IS SUPPLIED WITH SCREWS
AND 'O' SEAL
2 16
1 1

19
1

1
1
PIN 1 18 21
11
1 1
VALVE FLYING LEADS:- 1
RED WIRE TO PIN 1
BLACK WIRE TO PIN 2 PIN 2

5
2

23
6 29 26
1
1 2 10 1
1

9
1

7 20
1 1
3
1 8 22
1 1

24
15 1
17
1 1 25
1
4 14
2 1

27
1
13
1

97
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LISTS

1 2

3
4

Manifold Assembly
Ref Part No. Qty. Description

1 045438 1 Regulator assembly (includes O-rings)

2 102952 1 Pressure switch
3 054946 1 Coupling (flexible)
4 054948 1 Coupling (includes washer)
5 045053 1 Solenoid valve
6 045052 1 Solenoid valve

98
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LIST
1
9

10

11

12
3 4

8
5
6
7

Bellows and Base Assembly

Ref Part No. Qty. Description

1 57551 1 Canister
2 57550 1 Bellows
3 406020 1 Diaphragm valve assembly
4 041204 1 O-ring
5 57548 1 Bellows base assembly
6 57656 1 Manifold Block
7 041226 1 O-ring
8 019103 4 Screw - M5
011107 4 Knurled knob

9 57553 1 Canister - paediatric (available as an option)

10 57552 1 Bellows - paediatric (available as an option)
11 57544 1 Adapter assembly - paediatric (available as an option)
12 041225 1 O-ring
99
 SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LIST

6
5 4

4
3 3

2
7

Spirometry System

Ref Part No. Qty. Description

1 57650 1 Spirometer Head
2 300328 1 Triple Lumen Tubing assembly
3 011271 2 Insert - male
4 011272 2 Insert - female

5 011275 1 Connector - female

6 011274 1 Connector - male
7 300379 2 Tubing - 6 mm x 255 mm
8 300316 1 Sensor Board assembly

100
SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LIST

1
3

Pressure Monitor System

Ref Part No. Qty. Description

1 57655 1 Tee adaptor
2 57523 1 Tubing
Note: on models with Spirometry, order 300328, Triple Lumen
Tubing assembly (includes tubing for Spirometry system)

3 300363 1 Connector
4 01012 1 Nut - M6
02004 1 Washer - M6
5 462541 1 Tubing (4 mm x 150 mm)

101
SERVICE KITS AND PARTS LIST

Oxygen Monitor Sensor

Ref Part No. Qty. Description

1 58779 1 Tee Adaptor
2 300328 1 Sensor (includes flow diverter and O-rings)
3 103472 1 Cable

102
10. APPENDIX

APPENDIX 1
Care of Back-up Battery
CAUTION
Damage may occur if the battery is allowed to remain in
a discharged state. Never discharge the battery to below 10.2 volts.

A. Battery installed in ventilator

The battery must be charged before the machine is released
for use with an 14 hour charge from the ventilator’s internal power
supply (ventilator connected to the mains supply, but not
running).
Note that the mains power indicator on the front panel will show
a yellow light during charging.

Subsequently the recharge periods for a battery on a machine

in store are similar to those in B, below.

Batteries in machines in normal use will be kept charged by the

internal power supply and will only require special charging care
following the discharge test carried out during function testing,
or if the battery is fully discharged following use during mains
failure.

B. Battery care/storage requirements.

During storage batteries will require a periodic recharge, the
frequency of which is determined by the storage temperature,
which must not exceed 50oC (120oF).

Storage Recharge
temperature period

38 to 50oC (100 to 122oF) 1 month

21 to 38oC (70 to 100oC) 3 months

7 to 21oF (45 to 70oF) 6 months

0 to 7oC (32 to 45oF) 9 months

-5 to 0oC (23 to 32oF) 12 months

Duration - recharge until the charge current is less than 25 mA (typically overnight).
It is recommended that at each charge an updated label is affixed to each battery to indicate
date of the last charge.

C. Disposal of used batteries

Used batteries must be disposed of according to hospital, local, state and federal
regulations.

103
APPENDIX

APPENDIX 2

Examples of print-out capability

104
APPENDIX

105
 Wiring Diagram

106
Doc No AV9 0102 SM
January 2002

Penlon Limited
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OX14 3PH
UK

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