Penlon

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AV-S Ventilator
Introduction

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AV-S Ventilator
Product Overview
Introduction
Characteristics
Configuration
Sub-assemblies

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AV-S Ventilator
Operation
Ventilator control settings
Operation workshop
Pre-operative checkout procedure

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AV-S Ventilator
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
AV-S Pneumatic description.
AV-S Electrical description.

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AV-S Ventilator
Practical:
Disassembly.
Planned maintenance.
Test and calibration procedures.
Fault finding.

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AV S ventilator

Product Overview
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Aims and Objectives

Aim:
The aim of this module is to give the student a full
understanding of the features and characteristics of the
AV-S ventilator.

Objective:
By the end of this module the student will be able to:
Describe the features of the AV-S.
Recognise user controls.
Recognise AV-S configuration.

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AV-S Ventilator
Pneumatically driven.
Software controlled.
Multi-mode ventilator.
Time-cycled, volume/pressure controlled and pressure
limited.

Compliance & fresh gas compensated.

User adjustable sigh & inspiratory pause.

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AV-S monitoring
Integrated monitoring:
Inspired oxygen measurement.
Measured from inspiratory limb.

Airway pressure measurement.

Measured in the expiratory limb.

Tidal/Minute volume measurement.

Dual spirometry system.

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AV-S features
Large 8.4 high definition colour screen.
Touch screen.
Rotary control dial.

Single/ Dual waveform display.

Designed to integrate with:
PrimaSP; SP2 and SP3.
A100SP; A200SP.

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AV-S features
Print outs & interfacing:
USB, Serial Port, Analogue outputs, HPPCL4
printer output.

30 minutes battery back up as standard:

Optional 60 minute battery available.

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AV-S features
Membrane keys
LED power indicators:
Yellow when connected /battery
charging

On/Off Switch

Alarm silence/mute key.

LED on/off indicator.

Green when switched on
Menu selection key

Rotary control dial.

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Modes of ventilation

Mandatory modes:
Volume Mode.
Pressure Mode.

Spontaneous breathing support modes:

SIMV.
SMMV.
Pressure Support.
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Modes of ventilation

Volume Controlled Ventilation

AV-S delivers a mandatory set volume of
gas at fixed breath intervals.
The Patient is making no respiratory effort.

AV-S is volume limited and time cycled.

Tidal volume setting range, 20 to 1600ml.
Inspiration terminated after a preset time.
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Modes of ventilation

Airway Flow and Pressure Patterns

Inspiration
Airway Flow

Expiration

Airway
Pressure
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Modes of ventilation

Volume ventilation parameter limits:

Tidal volume adjustable from

Rate adjustable from
I:E ratio adjustable from
Peep 'Off' or adjustable from
Inspiratory pressure limit from
Inspiratory pause

20 1600 mL
4 100 bpm
1:0.3 1:8
4 20 cmH2O
10 to 80 cmH2O
0-60%

Does not affect I:E ratio

Sigh

1.5 x Set Vt

Adjustable 1:10 to 1:100 breaths

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1.87.xx display

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Fresh Gas Compensation

AV-S uses spirometry information to adjust for:
Gas added to the system from the anaesthesia machine.
Losses in the system:
Gas compliance.
Maximum adjustment - 60% of set tidal volume.
Alarms if measured volume 50% different than set.
Alarm is user adjustable.
Ambient pressure compensation.
Adjusts delivered volume accordingly.

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Compliance Compensation
Corrects volume delivery for pressure
losses in Circuit.
Used if Fresh Gas Compensation is off.
Switched off or Spirometry not available.

Requires Breathing Circuit Compliance

measurement.
Carried out as pre-use check.

Does not compensate for additional gas

from anaesthesia machine.
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Modes of ventilation
Pressure controlled ventilation.
Delivers a volume of gas to achieve a set
pressure at fixed breath intervals.
The Patient is making no respiratory effort.

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Modes of ventilation
Pressure controlled ventilation
AV-S is Pressure limited and time cycled.
Pressure setting range, 5 to 70cmH2O.
Inspiration terminated after a preset time.
Decelerating staged flow delivery.
Reduces Inspiratory flow rate at 75% target
pressure.

Dynamic continuous flow control.

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Modes of ventilation
Airway Flow and Pressure Patterns
Airway Flow

Airway Pressure
75%

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Modes of ventilation
Pressure ventilation parameter limits:
Inspiratory pressure adjustable 5 - 70 cmH2O
Rate adjustable from
I:E ratio adjustable from
Peep 'Off' or adjustable from

4 100 bpm
1:0.3 1:8
4 20 cmH2O

Maintains 10 cmH2O PEEP/Target differential

Optimised Inspiratory flow rate

Decelerated staged flow

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Modes of ventilation
Spontaneous respiration mode:
Absorber must be in Bag mode.
Patient parameters monitored.
Rate, I:E, Pressure, Tidal volumes Inspiratory
oxygen.

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Software 1.87 xx

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Modes of ventilation
Special / Support modes:
SIMV, SMMV & PSV.
These must be pre-selected.
Absorber must be switched to Vent mode.

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Modes of ventilation

Selecting Support Modes:

Standby
Special Modes
Select Mode(s)
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Modes of ventilation

Using Support Modes:

Touch special mode onscreen key x2 to select
and confirm mode.
Ensure absorber is
switched to Vent mode.
Adjust ventilation
parameters as required.

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Modes of ventilation
SIMV/SMMV/PSV are used when a
patients spontaneous respiratory rate, effort
or tidal volume drops:
Due to a deepening of the depth of anaesthesia.
A safety net for a weak spontaneously
breathing patient.

Used differently than in intensive care.

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Modes of ventilation
Synchronised Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
Mandatory breaths delivered at a wide interval.
Patient breathes spontaneously between mandatory
breaths.
Mandatory breath is synchronised with a patient breath.
If no patient breath a mandatory breath is still delivered.
Guarantees a minimum level of volume ventilation.

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SIMV spontaneously breathing patient

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SIMV non-breathing patient

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SIMV - default settings

Vm
BPM
Insp. (Ti)
Trig.level

Adult

Paediatric

3.6l
6
2
1.0 l/min

1.2l
9
2
1.0 l/min

Vt can be adjusted before SIMV is confirmed

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Software 1.87 xx

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Modes of ventilation
Synchronised Mandatory Minute Ventilation
Mandatory breaths delivered at wide interval.
If the patients minute volume less than pre-set value.

Patient breathes spontaneously between mandatory

breaths.
No mandatory breath if patient minute volume greater
than pre set minute volume.
Calculated each mandatory breath phase.

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Modes of ventilation
Synchronised Mandatory Minute Ventilation
Mandatory breath is synchronised with a patient
breath.
Mandatory breaths are delivered in presence of
apnoea.
SMMV guarantees a minimum level of minute
volume ventilation.

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SMMV spontaneously breathing patient

Spontaneous breaths

Variable volume
Mandatory breath

Volume of Mandatory Breath = Vm/BPM Volume spontaneously breathed during cycle

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SMMV non-breathing patient

No spontaneous breaths

Full volume
Mandatory breath

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SMMV - default settings

Vt
BPM
Insp. (Ti)
Trig.level

Adult

Paediatric

3.6 l
6
3.3
1.0 l/min

2l
10
1
1.0 l/min

Vt can be adjusted before SMMV is confirmed

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Software 1.87 xx

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Modes of ventilation
Pressure Support Ventilation
Used to support spontaneously breathing patients.
Each breath is supported by a synchronized, set
inspiratory pressure.
No patient effort then no support breath.
No guarantee of minimum level of ventilation.
Apnoea alarm is essential.

The Support Pressure (cmH2O) is PEEP referenced.

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PSV - Pressure Support

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PSV - default settings

Adult

P. Supp
Insp. (Ti)
Trig.level

Paediatric

10 cmH O
2 sec
1.0 l/min
2

10 cmH O
2 sec
1.0 l/min
2

Support Pressure can be adjusted before PSV is confirmed.

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Software 1.87 xx

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Additional functions
Electronic PEEP
PEEP = Positive End of Expiratory Pressure
AV-S uses an electronic integrated PEEP system.
Controlled and regulated using secondary pressure
on exhaust diaphragm.
Allows flow from the bellows circuit to limit pressure.
Delivers a limited flow into the bellows drive circuit to
maintain pressure.

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Additional functions

Electronic PEEP cont:

Variable from 4-20 cmH2O in increments of 1 cmH2O
In Pressure (and volume) mode 10 cmH2O differential is
maintained

Clear OFF indication when not in use

Switch off the ventilator, and PEEP is switched off
PEEP removed during 'Spont' mode to minimise
patients work of breathing.
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Integration

Integrated with PrimaSP /

PrimaSP2 anaesthesia
machine.
Ventilator can be switched
on/off manually or via
Prima SP/SP2 interface.
Supply gas from auxiliary
outlets.

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Integration

Integrated with A200SP /

A100SP absorbers.
All leads located at rear.

Spirometry measurement
Bag/Vent switch position
Inspired oxygen monitor
Airway pressure monitor

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Rear Panel connections

LVDS output for
remote mounted screen
configurations

Ethernet port allows

data to be viewed by
remote terminal

Spirometry and
Switching interface
for absorber and
anaesthesia
machine

USB is used for

software updates
and for information
downloading

Removable Patient
block Autoclavable
as one-piece unit
Serial and analogue
data outputs

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1.87.xx Display

Airway Pressure
Limit
Set Tidal
Volume
Tidal Volume
measured

Breath Rate

I:E Ratio

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PEEP Select

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AV-S Ventilator

Operation
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Aims and Objectives

Aim:
The aim of this module is to familiarise the student
with the operation of the AV-S Ventilator

Objectives:
By the end of this module the student will be able to:
Operate the ventilator in volume and pressure modes
Navigate the menus
Set alarm limits
Recognise alarm conditions

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Operation
Switch On
Short internal test
sequence
Switch Off
Short power down
sequence with audible
tones

Yellow indicator is
illuminated whenever
power is applied to the
unit and internal battery
is being charged

120 seconds Alarm silence

for most alarms
Some alarms 30 seconds
High airway pressure
Low Drive Gas pressure
Some alarms not mutable
Ventilator Inoperative
Low supply pressure
Power About to Fail

Green indicator when

unit is switched on

Menu key provides

access to user and
service pages

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Operation
Check power connected 1.
Press and hold On/Off switch
1
2.
Ensure green LED
illuminates 3.
3
Ensure audible signal sounds
4.
Check default screen
displayed.

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Start up screen 1.87.xx

Select desired mode:

Site.
Adult.
Paediatric.

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Operation
Adjust parameters by:
Selecting parameter with
rotary control dial or,
Touching screen parameter
key.

Adjust value with rotary

control dial.
Confirm by:
Pressing control dial or,
Double touching parameter
key.

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Operation

Standby mode:
Parameters can be preset.
Alarms are active:
High airway pressure (P
Limit setting ).
High/Low inspired O2.
Negative pressure (-20
cmH2O).
Incorrect Rate/Ratio.
High Continuous Pressure
(30 cmH2O).
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Operation
Standby mode:
Gas mix selection key 1.
Measured FiO2 with upper and
lower alarm limits displayed 2.
Touch the on-screen parameter
key to display O2 menu.
Adjust values with rotary control
dial and touch to confirm new
setting.

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Operation
Mode selection:
After selection each mode
must be confirmed by
touching again.
Changing to Pressure Mode.
Target can be pre-adjusted.

Changing to Volume mode.

Other parameter are preset:

Rate.
I:E.
PEEP.
P Limit (Vol. mode).

Tidal Volume can be preadjusted.

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Operation
Mode specific features:
Mode selections enable additional features.
Pressure Mode.
Changes P Limit to P Target.

Volume mode (Menu Functions).

Sigh function.
Ratio adjustable to 1, 2, 3, or 4 sigh breaths in 50.
25% Inspiratory pause.

Spontaneous mode.
Special functions SIMV; SMMV; PSV.

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Operation

Special Support modes:

Support modes are preselected from the 'Special
Modes' menu with
ventilator in Standby.
SIMV; SMMV; PSV.

Absorber must be switched

from Bag to Vent
position.
Screen message requests
confirmation if no absorber
switch detected.

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Operation
User Controls:
Previously used mode is
underlined 1.
T+PS INIT can be pre-set 2.
If user switches from Press
Vent to Vol Vent, the pressure
limit, 3, is automatically set to
5 cm H2O above the existing
press ventilation target
pressure.

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Operation
User controls:
Trigger setting defaults to
1.0 litres/min.
Adjustable between 0.7 and
4.0 litres/min.

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Operation
Waveforms:
Default waveform is Pressure v Time.
Second waveform can be displayed.
Volume vs Time.
Volume vs Pressure (compliance loop).
First loop can be frozen.
Subsequent loops overlaid.

Select using menu control or touch screen.

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Operation

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Operation

Changing scale:
Plimit value changes Y axis.
-10 to 40,60,80cmH2O.
In Vol v Time mode Vt value changes Y axis (0 to 0.5,1,2 ltr).

Rate value changes X axis.

0 to 15, 5, 3 sec.

Y
X
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Operation

Changing scale:
In Vol vs Pres mode Plimit value changes X axis (-10
to,60,80cmH2O).

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Operation
On-screen settings:
Tidal volume, Rate, I:E ratio, PEEP and Plimit settings
are all available on the stand-by screen and can be pre-set
by the user.

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Operation

Setting adjustment:
Tidal volume, Rate and
I:E ratio settings are all
limited by a maximum
and minimum
inspiratory flow.
2-75 Litres/min.

Vt x BPM x (I + E) =
Flow rate (L/pm).
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600ml / 2sec = 18 l/min

InterMed

75 l/min
Breath rate of 10
bpm gives a cycle
time of 6 seconds

700
600
500

Vt (ml)

400
300
200

2 l/min

I:E ratio of 1:2

gives an
inspiratory time of
2 seconds

100

Time (sec)

1 breath cycle

With a tidal
volume of 600 ml
and 2 seconds to
deliver it the flow
rate is 18 l/min

Changing the Rate; I:E; or Volume will change the inspiratory flow rate
Maximum Flow rate = 75 l/min Minimum Flow rate = 2 l/min

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Operation
Additional features:
Absorber connected
indicator.
Adult mode indicator
(teddy bear symbol
used for paediatric
mode).

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Operation

Using the menus:

Menus can be opened by
pressing the Menus Select
soft-key located on the
front of the ventilator, or
by touching the relevant
area of the touch-screen.
Use control dial to select
item.
Press control dial to
confirm selection.
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Operation

Main menu:
Available from stand-by
mode.
Not all subsequent menus
are available for alteration
by the user.
To access engineers menu
an access code is required.

EXIT MENUS
O2 MONITOR & SPIROMETRY
LEAK TEST MENU
FRESH GAS COMPENSATION: ON
SPECIAL MODES
WAVEFORM
ALARM SETTINGS
GAS MIXTURE: O2+AIR
SERVICE MENU

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Operation
O2 Monitor & Spirometry menu:
O2 monitor can be switched On
or Off.
Allows calibration of O2 cell.
100% (recommended).
21%.

Set O2 alarms.
High 19 105%.
Low 18 99%.

>

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O2 MONITOR: ON
CALIBRATION: 100%
HIGH ALARM SET: 105
LOW ALARM SET: 18
SPIROMETER: ON
CAL SPIRO: 0 L/min

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Operation

O2 Monitor & Spirometry menu:

Spirometry function can be
switched On or Off.
Allows calibration of
Spirometry transducers.
Users - daily zero cal.

>

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O2 MONITOR: ON
CALIBRATION 100%
HGH ALARM SET: 105
LOW ALARM SET: 18
SPIROMETER: ON
CAL SPIRO: O L/min

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Operation

Leak Test menu:

Checks system for leaks.
Pressurises system to 30
cmH2O.
Holds pressure for 25
seconds.
Excellent under 50 ml/min.
Good between 50 and 149
ml/min.
Poor between 150 and 349
ml/min.
Bad 350 ml/min or more.

>

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START/STOP LEAK TEST
LEAK TEST STATUS: Excellent
LEAK LEVEL: 39 ml/min
BSYS COM: 7.0 ml/cmH2O

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Operation
Leak test menu cont:
Measures Breathing
system compliance.
Typical 5-7 ml/cmH2O.
Max. 18 ml/cmH2O.
Used in compliance
compensation mode.

>

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START/STOP LEAK TEST
LEAK TEST STATUS: Excellent
LEAK LEVEL: 39 ml/min
BSYS COM: 7.0 ml/cmH2O

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Operation
Fresh Gas Compensation menu:
Ensures correct volume delivery with
varying fresh gas flows.
Automatically OFF if Spirometry is
switched off.
If Fresh Gas Comp. is Off
Compliance Comp is automatically
ON (if turned on in the Penlon Options
menu.
>

FRESH GAS COMPENSATION: ON

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Operation
Fresh Gas Compensation menu cont:
Compliance compensation:
Must be enabled in Penlon Options menu.
Delivered volume compensated for system compliance
losses.
Requires accurate BSYS Comp value.
Does not compensate for Fresh Gas Flow.

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Operation

Mode selection menu:

Support mode selection.
SIMV; SMMV; PSV; NONE.

Trigger level adjustment.

0.7 4.0 l/min.

Sigh Enable switches on or off

the sigh function and puts
SIGH message on screen.
Variable Sigh to breath ratio.

>

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SUPPORT MODE: none
VOLUME TYPE: TIDAL
SIGH ENABLE: off
SIGH TO BREATH: 1:50
INSP. PAUSE 0%
APPLY : SITE DEFAULT

1 in up to 100 breaths. An
indication icon is shown on screen.

Variable inspiratory pause.

0 - 60% inspiratory time. An indication
icon is shown on screen.

SIGH

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Operation
Waveform menu:
User can select the
required second
graphical display.

>

EXIT MENUS
SECOND WAVEFORM: off

OFF.
Volume / Time.
Volume / Pressure.

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Operation

Alarm settings menu:

Alarm mode.
Default.

>

Uses + 50% of front panel setting.

User.
Uses menu set values.

High Tidal Volume.

Allows clinician to remove
alarm.
Auto defaults to ON in standby.

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ALARM MODE: default
HIGH TIDAL VOLUME: off
VM min: 0.3 L (dflt)
VM max: 0.9 L (dflt)
VT min: 300 ml (dflt)
VT max: 900 ml (dflt)
APNOEA ALARM LIMIT: 15 secs
ALARM VOLUME: 50%

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Operation
Alarm settings menu cont:
Alarm limits.

VM min 0.0 7.4 ltr.

VM max 0.1 7.5 ltr.
VT min 10 1600 ml.
VT max 20 2400 ml.

Alarm volume.
50% 100%.

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Operation

Gas Mixture selection menu:

Used for gas density
correction to provide
accurate spirometry.
O2 + AIR.
O2 + N2O.

>

GAS MIXTURE: O2+AIR

No individual sub menu.

If O2 monitoring is off a
40/60 O2/other gas mixture
is assumed.

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Operation
Service menu:
Language:
English.
Italian.
Turkish.
Polish.
Spanish.

>

Service screens change to

that language.

ESCAPE FROM MENU

LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
PATIENT LOG MENU
SITE DEFAULTS
SERIAL MODE: none
ABSORBER SWITCH: on
CLOCK MENU
UPGRADE MENU
AMBIENT PRESSURE: 988 mBar
DISPLAY HISTORY
SERVICE PIN: 0
ENGINEER MENU

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Operation

Service menu cont:

Patient Log Menu:
Provides up to 8 hours of trend
information.

Prints ventilator performance

and patient data parameters for
up to 8 hours:
Enables data logging on or off.
Clears all data.
Set log time.

>

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PRINT PATIENT DATA
LOGGING: off
Log Status : Disabled
CLEAR LOG DATA
Logging window: 10 mins

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Operation

Service menu cont:

Site Defaults
Sets default start up parameters

Serial Mode

>

Sets output port to a monitor type

Absorber switch
Allows switch detection to be
disabled

ESCAPE FROM MENU

LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
PATIENT LOG MENU
SITE DEFAULTS
SERIAL MODE: none
ABSORBER SWITCH: on
CLOCK MENU
UPGRADE MENU
AMBIENT PRESSURE: 988 mBar
DISPLAY HISTORY
SERVICE PIN: 0
ENGINEER MENU

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Operation
Service menu cont:
Clock menu
Date time adjustment

Upgrade menu

>

Software version
Feature enhancement
Software upgrades

Ambient Pressure
Displays local pressure

ESCAPE FROM MENU

LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
PATIENT LOG MENU
SITE DEFAULTS
SERIAL MODE: none
ABSORBER SWITCH: on
CLOCK MENU
UPGRADE MENU
AMBIENT PRESSURE: 988 mBar
DISPLAY HISTORY
SERVICE PIN: 0
ENGINEER MENU

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Operation
Site Defaults Menu:
Saves current values to site
defaults.
View site, adult or paediatric
default values.
Set Tidal or Minute volume
default.
View values

>

ESCAPE FROM MENU

SAVE TO SITE
VIEW: SITE DEFAULTS
VOLUME TYPE: Tidal
Vt SET: 550ml
Vm SET: 5.5 litres
T+PS INIT: 10 cm H2O
etc

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Operation

Service menu:
Display history.
Last service date; Run time hours;
Valve cycles.

Service Pin.
Code required before access to
Engineer menu.

Engineer menu.
Access to Penlon Options and
Diagnostic menus.
All system voltages; Valve
control; Error log.

>

ESCAPE FROM MENU

LANGUAGE: ENGLISH
PATIENT LOG MENU
SERIAL MODE: none
ABSORBER SWITCH: on
CLOCK MENU
UPGRADE MENU
AMBIENT PRESSURE: 988 mBar
DISPLAY HISTORY
SERVICE PIN: 0
ENGINEER MENU

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Any Questions?

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Workshops
Complete Operations workshop.
Complete Calibrations workshop.

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AV-S Ventilator

Technical
Description
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Aims and Objectives

Aim
The aim of this module is to explain the electronic and
pneumatic principles employed in the AV-S

Objective
By the end of this module the student will be able to
Describe the operation of the AV-S pneumatic system
Describe the operation of the AV-S electronic system
Describe the function of optional devices used with the AV-S

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Components
Control module:
Electrical power
supply.
Inlet Manifold.
Pneumatic Control
Manifold.
Patient Valve Block.
Main PCB tray.
Front panel assembly.
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Components

Bellows assembly:
Adult or paediatric
bellows.
Paediatric adaptor plate.

Diaphragm valve.

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Components
Electrical Box:
User removable.
Contains Spirometers
and Bag/Vent switch.

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Bellows function

Drive Gas
proportioning
valve

Pressure relief valve

Exhaust valve

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Patient
proportioning
valve

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Inspiratory phase
The diaphragm
is held closed,
the bellows is
driven down and
gas is delivered
to patient circuit

The Drive Gas

proportional valve opens
and drive gas is delivered
to bellows housing.

The Patient proportional

valve opens and flows gas
through the bleed valve.
The back pressure ensures
the exhaust valve is held
closed.

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Expiratory phase
Both the Drive Gas and
Patient proportional
valves close and exhaust
valve opens.
Patient gas returns to
bellows.
As bellows lifts
redundant drive gas is
pushed out through the
exhaust valve.

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Exhalation diaphragm
With the bellows at the
top of its housing fresh
gas continues to flow.
To prevent a high
pressure build up the
bellows diaphragm
valve lifts and allows
gas to exit through the
exhaust valve.

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PEEP control
As fresh gas flows in the
patient circuit, any
pressure increase above
PEEP pressure in the
bellows will cause gas to
bleed past the exhaust
valve.

During PEEP the

Patient Proportional
valve applies PEEP
pressure plus 20
cmH2O to the exhaust
valve.

A continuous flow from

the Inspiratory
proportional valve
ensures that any fall in
pressure is compensated
by driving the bellows as
required

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Monitoring devices
Oxygen monitor:
Galvanic cell.
Mounted in inspiratory
line.

Spirometry system:
Two transducers are
used.
Inspiratory and
expiratory limbs.

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Galvanic Fuel Cell

Oxygen diffuses through
the membrane.
Oxygen in the electrolyte
will cause electrons to
flow.
Current is proportional to
the oxygen concentration.

O2

Membrane
Electrolyte

Resistor
V

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Flow Sensors
Two electronic flow
sensors in absorber
electrical box 1.
Measures volume
delivered to and from the
circuit.
Inspiratory sensor:
Breath detection.
1
Volume waveforms.

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Flow Sensor
Cont:
Expiratory sensor.
Expired Volume
measurement:
>300ml 10%.
>100ml <300ml 20%.
<100ml 50%.
Lead connects to 'D'
connector on rear of control
module.
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Laminar flow sensor

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Spirometry measurement
Mass flow sensor:
The gas flow cooling effect is
a function of velocity and
density.
Current is passed through a
substrate, heating it to a
certain temperature. As gas
flows across the surface, the
substrate cools.
The microprocessor adjusts
the current as necessary to
maintain the substrate
temperature.
This current is proportional to
the flow of the gas.

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Micro
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Volume measurement
Flow rates are sampled every 10 ms.
Raw volume data is calculated.
Gas mixture correction made using O2
measurement.
Expired tidal volume is displayed.
In normal alarm mode, if less or more than 50% of
set volume, Low or High Volume alarm is given.

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Volume measurement cont

With Fresh Gas Compensation 'ON' fresh gas flow
is calculated and the next breath is adjusted as
necessary.
In Spont mode Inspiratory and Expiratory phases
are detected by respective flow being greater than
the other.
End of Expiratory phase detected when Inspiratory
and Expiratory flows are equal.

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Pneumatic Block Diagram

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Gas Inlet manifold components

Gas supply O2 or Air:
310 689 kPa.
45 100 psi.
80 L/min.

Inlet filter:
40 micron.
Accessible from outside the
unit.

High Pressure switch:

Set to open at 240 kPa
falling.

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Gas Inlet manifold components

Gas regulator:
Set to 260 21 kPa (38 3 psi)
@ 5 L/min.

Cut Off Valve:

Once on power is reduce by
30%.
Removes gas supply when unit
is switched off.
Removes gas supply in fault
condition.
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Gas Inlet Manifold gas path

High Pressure
regulator
Cut-Off
valve
DISS
connector

Inlet filter

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Pneumatic Control Block

Drive Gas Proportional valve.

Microprocessor generates a PWM
signal to control current in
proportional valve.
Operates between 3.5 - 13.5 Vdc.

Flow Sensor.
Provides feedback control to ensure
correct output from proportional
valve.
Will detect proportional valve
malfunction.

Drive Gas Pressure sensor.

Detects drive gas line occlusion.

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Pneumatic Control Block

Low pressure regulator
Approximately 14kPa
Adjusted to give 95 cmH2O at
diaphragm valve

Patient Proportional Valve

Controls flow through bleed resistor to
set pressure on diaphragm
Approximately 95 cmH2O during
Inspiratory phase in volume ventilation
Controls pressure on diaphragm during
PEEP; PCV; Pressure support

PEEP Pressure sensor

Detects bleed occlusions
108 cmH2O - Outlet Blocked
120 cmH2O - PVP sensor error Ventilator inoperative

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Pneumatic Control Block

Continuous bleed
during inspiratory
phase @ 2 l/min
Output to
diaphragm
valve

Inlet from Gas

inlet manifold

Patient
proportioning
valve

Low pressure
regulator
Nominal 14 kPa

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Patient Valve Block

Removable and Auto-clavable.

Check valve:
Duck-bill style valve.
Prevents exhaust gases entering the drive
gas system.

Diaphragm valve:
Diaphragm closed during Inspiratory
phase.
Approx. 95 cmH2O.

Variable pressure applied to diaphragm

sets pressure control and PEEP.
Approx. 20 cmH2O spring for open bias.

Pressure relief valve:

Provides mechanical relief @ 100
cmH2O.

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Diaphragm valve (Inspiratory Phase)

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Diaphragm valve (Expiratory Phase)

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Main Tray Assembly

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Main Tray Assembly

The main tray assembly controls all the
functionality of the AV-S.
Due to prohibitive costs Penlon do not
repair defective or faulty boards. Boards
will be replaced under warranty or can be
supplied if outside of warranty period.

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Main PCB connections

Airway Pressure sensor (Green)
Drive Pressure sensor (Yellow)
Patient Valve pressure sensor
(Red)

Front Panel Controls

Navigator Wheel
Membrane keypad
Touch screen

Display Connection

Supply Pressure switch On/Off valve;

Inspiratory valve; Expiratory valve;
Driving gas flow sensor

Core Processor card

I/O Board Processor

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PCB Features
Lithium
battery

Speaker

TFT cable &

connection
LED indicators

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LED indicators
LED-11 (nearest front): heartbeat
LED-10: lit when drive valve is
powered
LED-9: lit when patient valve is
powered
LED-8: lit when touch-screen
pressed
LED-7: lit when I/O board running
in test-harness mode
LED-6: flashes to indicate Ethernet
activity
LED-5: lit when 100Mbit Ethernet
present
LED-4 to LED-1: no function
currently assigned

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Front panel
8.4" TFT colour screen.
Touch screen is resistive X-Y matrix.
Light touch membrane.

Direct graphic cable from main board CPU core.

Ribbon cable to Encoder Board routes.
Serial communications signals for Led's, Membrane switches,
Rotary encoder and touch screen.
5V for TFT inverter board.

Remote front panel Encoder board contains LVDS receiver.

All signals through LVDS RX board.
Main board requires LVDS TX board.

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CPU Core and TI Processor

CPU Core:
Mounted in removable card
slot.
Holds main software.
Main ventilator control.
External communications.
LCD and VGA controller.

I/O Board processor:

Control and communication
with internal peripheral
devices.

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Power Supplies
Main supply.
14.2 Vdc from power supply unit.

Battery supply.
12Vdc 1.2Ah lead acid - 3 Amp delay
fused.
Will power ventilator for 30 minutes
from full charge.
Screen goes to low power mode on
battery.

Battery low alarm at 11.5V.

Medium priority alarm at 10.8V.
Approx. 5 minute power remaining.

Shut down at 10.4V.

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Power Supplies
Lithium battery:
Support real time clock
for error.
Vent Inoperative if
defective.

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Power supplies

Medical grade filtered IEC

connector
Line and neutral fused T2A

14.25 Vdc supplied from

switch mode power supply
60W
Voltage and Current limited

On board supplies
Regulated +12Vdc
LT1074 switch mode converter
provides
+3.3Vdc
+5Vdc
+10Vdc

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Drive Gas Proportioning valve

Uses +12V supply.

Initial output set according to
user settings.
gives 2 75 l/min.

Current through valve

controlled using FET.
FET controlled by microprocessor through a
digital/analogue converter to
give 4.5 11.5Vdc across
valve.
Accurate delivery set using
feed back from flow sensor.
+ 10Vdc supply.
0 5 Vdc output.

+12Vdc
Proportioning
valve

Flow
sensor

Microprocessor

FET

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D/A
converter

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Patient Proportional valve

Uses +12V supply
Initial pressure on diaphragm set
according to user settings
Current through valve
controlled using FET
FET controlled by microprocessor through a
digital/analogue converter to give
3.5 13.5Vdc across valve
Delivery adjusted to maintain
airway pressure

+12Vdc
Proportioning
valve
Pressure
sensor
Microprocessor

0 95 cmH2O

Pressure sensor monitors for high

pressure condition
Outlet blocked

FET

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D/A
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Pressure Switches and Sensors

Supply Pressure switch:

Monitors gas supply pressure.
Switch is normally open.
Greater than 262 kPa (38psi) and switch
closes.
Less than 240 kPa (35psi) and switch opens.

Drive Gas pressure sensor:

0-80cmH2O pressure sensor.
High airway pressure protection.
Safety feedback in pressure control
ventilation.

Patient Valve pressure sensor:

Monitors pressure on Diaphragm valve.

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Pressure transducers
Airway and barometric
pressure:
Measures from expiratory line.
Highly accurate device < 0.1%
drift per year.
As pressure applied to silicon
the resisters generate a
proportional voltage.

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Interface connections

Parallel printer port:

Uses HPPCL4.

VGA:
Provides output for external display.

RS232:
Proprietary use only.

LVDS:
Used for remote control panel
ventilators.

Ethernet:
Allows network connection.

USB:
Used for software/keyboard
commands upgrade.

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DB15 socket.
6 Analogue channels 0-5Vdc:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Data outputs

Paw 10 to +100 cmH2O.

Average Paw 10 to +100 cmH2O.
Vt measured 0 2 litres.
Inspiratory Flow 0 100 l/min.
Vm measured 0 160 litres.
O2% 0 100%.

Serial data RS232:

7.Rx Vuelink protocol.
8.Tx Vuelink protocol.

Pins 9 15 grounded.

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AV-S Ventilator

Service and calibrations

Practical workshop
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Aims and objectives

Aim
The aim of this module is to explain the service,
maintenance and calibration procedures required for the
AV-S

Objective
By the end of this module the student will be able to
Remove and replace major sub-assemblies
Carry out routine service procedures
Perform tests and calibration checks

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Removal of sub-assemblies
Front panel display.
PCB tray.
Pneumatic Control
manifold.
Power supply unit.
Battery.
Patient Block.
Gas Inlet manifold.
Bellows assembly.
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Front panel display removal

Disconnect mains supply and
remove top cover.
Remove five screws:
Two from each side at rear of
front panel.
One from centre of panel.

Unplug two cables from front

panel.
Identify:
Navigator wheel connection.
Membrane keys connection.
Inverter board.

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PCB tray removal

Disconnect mains supply and
remove covers.
Remove battery fuse.
Remove two tray screws.
Lift up tray.
Disconnect five electrical
connectors.
Identify:

Core Processor.
Pressure transducer.
Power circuit test points.
Lithium battery.
Control LEDs.
LVDS tx/rx board.

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Patient Block removal

Undo two thumb screws
and withdraw Patient
Block.
Identify:
Diaphragm valve.
Pressure connector.
Bleed connector.

One way valve.

Pressure relief valve.

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Patient Block removal

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Pneumatic components removal

Disconnect gas supply.
Remove PCB tray.
Remove Patient Block.
Remove two screws from
underneath.
Unscrew DISS fitting nut.
Disconnect the Patient Airway
Pressure transducer (Green).
Disconnect two tubes.
Lift out assembly.

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Gas Inlet block Components

Identify the following:

Inlet filter.
High pressure switch.
Regulator.
Pressure test point.
On/Off valve.

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Pneumatic Control block components

Identify the following:
Drive Gas valve.
Patient valve.
Drive Gas pressure
sensor.
Drive Gas Flow sensor.
Patient valve pressure
sensor.
Low Pressure regulator.
Drive Gas connector.
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Power supply removal

Remove PCB tray.
Disconnect fuse.
Disconnect two
electrical connectors.
Remove two screws
holding PSU to
mounting plate.

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Battery removal

Remove fuse.
Remove PCB tray.
Lift out battery detaching
from adhesive pad on
chassis.
Identify:
3 Amp battery fuse.
Blade type.

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Bellows assembly
Twist the canister 900 and
remove.
Ease bellows from rim.
Undo three screws and
remove expiratory valve:
Note o-ring under valve.

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Service Procedure
Four year Service program:
6 Monthly.
No Preventive maintenance Kit (PMK) required.

Annual service.
PMK Pt No 57298.

2 Year service.
PMK Pt No 57299.

4 Year service.
PMK Pt No 57300.
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Preventive Maintenance Kits

All kits come with a data
sheet listing components
and detailed fitting
instructions.

One year Kit Part No 57298

Patient Block Assembly:
Exhaust diaphragm 300580
One-way valve 300581
O-ring 5 mm 041204
O-ring 7 mm 041245
O-ring 12 mm 041222
Inlet filter 300560

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Service Procedure - 6 Monthly

Check:

Mechanical damage.
Electrical safety (IEC class 1type B device).
Power on; display; control functions.
Supply voltages.
Error history.
Bellows diaphragm valve.
Operation in all modes.
All alarm functions.
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Service Procedure - 6 Monthly

Calibrate:
O2 sensor.
100%.
Check at 21%.

Check Calibration:
Spirometery.
Gas Delivery.
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Service Procedure - 6 Monthly

Remove Patient Block.
Examine Diaphragm
valve.
Clean as necessary.
Strip and clean Spring,
End Cap, and Insert.

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Service Procedure - Annual

In Addition to 6 monthly
procedure.
Check primary regulator.
Check Patient valve pressure.
Check proportional valves.
Replace the following:

Probe o-rings.
Patient valve Diaphragm.
Patient valve Check valve.
Bellows.
Large and small bellows O-rings.

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Service Procedure - 2 year

In addition to annual
Service.
Replace:
Mains back-up battery.

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Service Procedure 4 year

In addition to 2 year
Service.
Replace:
Patient block o-rings.
Patient block Pressure
relief valve.
Lithium battery.
Bellows diaphragm.

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Service procedure
Practical workshop:
Carry out an annual service in accordance with
Service Manual section 7.

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AV-S Ventilator

Calibrations and
Adjustments
Practical Workshop
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Primary regulator calibration

Dynamic measurement:
260 kPa +21kPa (38psi +3psi)
@ 5lpm flow.

Connect test manometer to

self sealing test point.
Adjust gas flow to 5lpm.
Set front panel controls to:
Vt 500 ml.
Rate 5.
I:E 1:1.

Measure during inspiratory

phase:
Adjust as necessary.

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Secondary regulator calibration

Dynamic measurement:
Provides 140 cmH2O on diaphragm
with bleed flow.
Approximately 2 l/min.

Connect test manometer into the

4mm test point 2.
Set front panel controls to default
settings.
Measure during inspiratory
phase:

Adjust secondary regulator as

necessary to achieve 140 cmH2O 1.

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Alternative method of Secondary

regulator calibration

Dynamic measurement:
Provides 95 cmH2O on diaphragm
with bleed flow.
Approximately 2 l/min.
Remove Patient Block.
Connect test manometer smallest probe
from Pneumatic Control Manifold.
Set front panel controls to default
settings.
Measure during inspiratory phase:
Adjust secondary regulator as
necessary to achieve 95 cmH2O.

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Barometric Calibration
Ensure all tubes disconnected
from rear of ventilator.
In Penlon Options menu
select Cal Pressure.
Adjust to current barometric
pressure and confirm.
Zeros all pressure
transducers:

Drive Valve.
Patient Valve.
Patient Airway.
Ambient.

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Spirometry zero calibration

Disconnect fresh gas hose from anaesthesia
machine.
Set bag vent switch to bag and disconnect bag
from bag-arm.
Remove breathing circuit from absorber.
Select 'SPIRO CALIBRATION:0 L/min' from
menu and confirm.
Zeros Drive Flow sensor and External Spirometry.
In Diagnosis menu spiro values should read approx
80mV when zero is good.

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Patient valve Zero and Cal

Connect ventilator to circle system as for normal
use with patient Y-piece occluded.
Set anaesthesia machine to 5 l/min.
Select PV Zero.
Patient valve is slowly opened. As diaphragm is closed
circuit pressure will increase by 5 cmH2O.
Lift point of valve measured.
Maximum diaphragm pressure 35 cmH2O.
Maximum PWM 500.

Pressure is incremented in steps up to 50 cmH2O.

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Drive valve - Zero

Fit Patient Block:
Disconnect drive gas hose and
occlude connector.

Select DV zero from Cal

Valves menu:
Patient valve automatically
closes.
Drive valve PWM slowly
incremented until pressure
increase detected.

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Drive valve - Measure

Connect calibrated flowmeter to
Drive gas outlet.
Select DV Measure.
Drive Valve opens until Drive flow
sensor reads 20 l/min.
Compare with calibrated flowmeter
and adjust with Trim Flow.
Adjusting Trim Flow down
reduces output of flow sensor and
so increases output of Drive flow.
Adjusting Trim Flow up
increases output of flow sensor and
so decreases output of Drive flow.

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Drive Flow Curve Calibration

Ensure Leak Test is completed successfully.
Connect ventilator, absorber and breathing circuit
with re-breathing bag fitted.
Remove bellows from canister.
Select <Start/Stop Curve Cal>.
Bag is filled at 20 l/min:
Timed between 5 and 30 cmH2O.

Process repeated at higher and lower flow rates:

Full curve generation from 2 75 l/min.
Takes approx 5 minutes.

Verify flow and use Trim Drive Flow to adjust.

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External Spirometry calibration

Ensure Drive Flow has been calibrated.

Disconnect fresh gas hose from anaesthesia machine and
connect to Bag arm.
Close APL valve and set bag vent switch to bag.
Disconnect Vent Drive hose from rear of absorber and
connect to Expiratory port (use Pt no 52036).
Connect short hose to Inspiratory port.
Select EXT. SPIRO MENU - <Start/Stop Curve Cal>.
Verify spirometry and use Trim Ext. Spiros to
adjust.
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The End

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