Chapter 2

Structure of Atom
Chapter Contents
z Fundamental Particles FUNDAMENTAL PARTICLES
z Atomic Models
Name Symbol Absolute Relative Mass/kg Mass/u Approx.
z Electromagnetic Radiation charge/C charge mass/u

z Max Planck Theory Electron e –1.6022 × 10–19 –1 9.10939 × 10–31 0.00054 0

–19 –27
Proton p +1.6022 × 10 +1 1.67262 × 10 1.00727 1
z Photoelectric Effect
Neutron n 0 0 1.67493 × 10–27 1.00867 1
z Bohr Atomic Model
z The Spectrum of Hydrogen
ATOMIC MODELS
z Dual Behaviour of Matter
z The atomic model of matter was proposed by John Dalton, theory
z Heisenberg’s Uncertainty
Principle named as ‘Dalton’s Atomic Theory’.
z Atom is made up of small particles i.e. three fundamental
z Quantum Numbers
particles called electron, proton and neutron discarded the
z Filling of Obritals in Atom indivisible nature of the atom proposed by John Dalton.
z J.J. Thomson and Ernst Rutherford laid the foundation of the
modern picture of the atom.
z J.J. Thomson, the discoverer of electron, proposed in 1898, in
which he assumed an atom to consist of a uniform sphere of
positive electricity, with electrons embedded into it in such a way
that it gives most stable electrostatic arrangement, model known
as “plum pudding”.
z Rutherford Nuclear Model of Atom was given by projecting
alpha particles which have very high energy. The results of
Rutherford’s experiment were quite unexpected.
(i) Most of the -particles passed through the gold foil
undeflected.
(ii) A small fraction of the alpha particles was deflected by small
angles.
(iii) A very few alpha particles bounced back.

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Nucleus Slightly deflected

Largely deflected -particles
-particles

Alpha Undeflected
particles -particles

Slightly deflected
-particles
z The alpha-particle - scattering experiment proposed the nuclear model of atom, according to which
(i) An atom consists of nucleus at centre
(ii) The positive charge is due to proton
(iii) The total mass is centered at nucleus.
(iv) Electron move around the nucleus in circular path
(v) Number of electrons in an atom is equal to the number of protons in it.
z Drawbacks of Rutherford model is due to the fact that it can’t explain the atomic model according to
classical electromagnetic theory.
Note:
z The radius, r of the nucleus of an atom is related to its mass number A, according to the relation.
r = R0A1/3
R0 = 1.4 × 10–15 m and A is mass number
1
z The nuclear radius is about of the atomic radius.
10,0000
z The radii of nuclei are usually expressed in terms of Fermi (1 fermi = 10–15 m)

EXERCISE
1. The charge to mass ratio of electron was found to be
(1) 1.6022 × 10–19 C kg–1 (2) 1.925 × 1012 C kg–1
(3) 1.758 × 1011 C kg–1 (4) 1.869 × 1013 C kg–1
2. When -rays strike a thin gold foil then
(1) Most of the -rays do not pass through the gold foil
(2) Most of the -rays get deflected back
(3) Most of the -rays get deflected through small angles
(4) Most of the -rays pass through without any deviation

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3. Nucleus was discovered by
(1) Rutherford (2) Chadwick
(3) Bohr (4) Thomson
4. Metal of which foil was used in Rutherford experiment?
(1) Silver (2) Gold
(3) Platinum (4) Iron

ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION

J.C. Maxwell (1864) suggested that radiant energies (the energy which is radiated such as heat, light,
X-rays etc) travel in space with the velocity of light (3.0 × 108 ms–1) in the form of wave. These waves are
known as electromagnetic waves or radiations. The characteristics of wave motion are :
Wavelength ()
Peak
Amplitude

Trough
z Wavelength () : The distance between two nearest crests or troughs is known as wavelength.
It is expressed in meters, picometers (pm), nanometers (nm) or Angstrom (Å) units (1 pm = 10–3 nm
= 10–2 Å = 10–10 cm = 10–12 m).
z Frequency () : The number of times a wave passes a given point in one second is known as frequency
of the wave. It is expressed in Hz (hertz) or cps (cycles per second) units (1 Hz = 1 cps).
z Velocity (c) : The distance travelled by the wave in one second is known as velocity of the wave. It is
expressed in ms–1 and related to  and  as : c = 
or v = c/ ... (1)
z Wave number ( v ) : It is reciprocal of wavelength i.e., the number of wavelengths per metre or
v = 1/ m–1 ... (2)
v = /c m–1 (cf. Eq. 1) ... (3)
z Amplitude (a) : It is the height of the crests or depth of the trough of a wave. It determines the intensity
(brightness) of the beam of light.

Electromagnetic Spectrum : The arrangement of the various types of electromagnetic radiations in the order
of their increasing wavelengths or decreasing frequencies is known as electromagnetic spectrum.

(a)

(b)

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(c) Cosmic rays -rays X-rays UV visibble IR microwave radiowave

Wavelength increases
Frequency decreases

MAX PLANCK THEORY

Max Planck (1901) introduced Quantum theory. According to this theory the radiation energy is emitted or
absorbed not continuously but discontinuously in the form of small packets or bundles of energy known as
quanta. Einstein (1905) extended this theory and postulated that the energy like light, is not only emitted
or absorbed in the form of bundles but also propagated in the form of bundles in space. Each bundle is called
a photon, which is considered to be a massless bundle of energy. The energy (E) of the photon is given by
the expression:
E = h
where h is Planck’s constant. Its value is equal to 6.626 × 10–34 J s (in S.I. units) or 6.626 × 10–27 erg s
(in C.G.S. units).

Example 1 : Calculate the frequency and wavelength of photon with energy 3.98 × 10–15 J.
Solution : Energy of photon = 3.98 × 10–15 J
(a) Frequency of photon :
E = h (Planck’s quantum theory)
3.98 × 10–15 J = 6.626 × 10–34 Js × 

3.98  10 15 J

6.626  10 34 Js

Frequency = 6.0  1018 s 1(Hz)

(b) Wavelength of photon :
c



3  10 8 ms 1

6.0  1018 s 1
= 0.5 × 10–10 m

Wavelength  0.5 Å (1 Å = 10 10 m)

Example 2 : A 100 watt bulb emits monochromatic light of wavelength 400 nm. Calculate the number of
photons emitted per second by the bulb.
Solution : Power of bulb = 100 watt = 100 Js–1
Energy
Power 
Time

hc 6.626  10 34 Js  3  10 8 ms 1
Energy of photon (E) = h =   4.969 × 10 19 J
 400  10 9 m

Power of the bulb 100 Js 1

Number of photons emitted = 
Energy of one photon 4.969  10 19 J

= 2.012 × 1020 photons per second

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PHOTOELECTRIC EFFECT

This phenomenon of ejection of electrons from the surface of a metal when light of suitable frequency strikes
on it is called photoelectric effect. The emitted electrons are called photoelectrons.
Incident light Electron

h 1 mv2 = h – h
Metal 2 0
1
` Therefore, h  h 0  me v 2
W0 = Work 2
Function = h 0 Work (K.E.)
function

The kinetic energy of the ejected electrons (photoelectrons) depend upon the frequency of the light used.

KE of ejected
KE of ejected
electron

electron
0 = Threshold
frequency

0
Frequency of light () Intensity of light
(Frequency constant)
(a) (b)
Number of Photoelectrons : The number of electrons ejected is proportional to the intensity or brightness
of light striking the metal but do not depend upon the frequency of light.

Higher intensity light

Number of electrons

Lower intensity light

ejected

Energy
threshold

0
Frequency

Example 3 : What is the work function (w0) of the metal whose threshold frequency (0) is 5.2 × 1014 s–1?
Solution : Threshold frequency of metal (0) = 5.2 × 1014 s–1
Work function (w0) = h0
w0 = 6.626 × 10–34 Js × 5.2 × 1014 s–1
Work function (w0) = 3.44 × 10–19 J

Example 4 : Calculate the maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted when a light of frequency
2 × 1016 Hz is irradiated on a metal surface with threshold frequency (0) equal to 8.68 × 1015 Hz.

Solution : h  h 0  KE

Threshold frequency (0) = 8.68 × 1015 Hz (s–1)

Frequency of light () = 2 × 1016 Hz

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KE = h( – 0)
= 6.626 × 10–34 (2 × 1016 – 8.68 × 1015)
KE = 7.5 × 10–18 J
Maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons = 7.5 × 10–18 J

BOHR ATOMIC MODEL

The model is based on the quantum theory of radiation and the classical law of physics.
Postulate
z The path of electron is circular. The force of attraction between nucleus and electron is equal to centrifugal
force of the moving electron.
h
z Electron can revolve only in those orbits whose angular momentum is an integral multiple of . i.e.,
2
nh . (m = mass of electron, v = velocity of electron, r = radius of orbit)
mvr 
2
z Electron remains in stationary orbit where it does not lose or gain energy.
z Each stationary orbit is with definite amount of energy (E) and E1 < E 2 < E 3 .......... and also
(E2 – E1) > (E3 – E2) > (E4 – E3).
The Energy of Electron :
Total energy (E) = K.E. + P.E.

22 Z2me 4
En  
n2h2
where, n = 1, 2, 3 .......
E = energy of electron in nth orbit
Z = nuclear charge
e = charge of electron
m = mass of electron
h = planck’s constant
2
Z
i.e., En  E1  for H-like atom
n2
21.79  10 19 Z2
i.e., E   J per atom
n2
13.6
 Z2 eV per atom
n2
313.6  Z 2
=  kcal/mol
n2
1312
=  kJ/mol
n2
Radii of Orbits :

n2h2
r
4 mkZe2
2

By putting value of h, , m, e and k

n2
r  0.529  Å
Z
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n2
r  0.529   1010 m
Z

n2
r  0.529  108  cm
Z
Velocity of Electron :

Z
v = 2.188 × 108 × cm/sec
n

Example 5 : Calculate the radii of 2nd Bohr orbit of Li2+.

52.9 (n2 )
Solution : Radii (rn) = pm
Z
Z of Li2+ =3

52.9  (2)2
r2  pm
3
r2  70.53 pm

Example 6 : Calculate the energy of an electron in the first Bohr orbit of He+.

 Z2  Z2
Solution : En = –2.18 × 10–18  2
n  J = –13.6 2 eV = 54.4 eV
  n
Z=2
n=1

2.18  10 18  (2)2

E1 =
(1)2
E1 = –8.72 × 10–18 J

THE SPECTRUM OF HYDROGEN

When energy is supplied, the electron moves to higher energy shells depending on the amount of energy
absorbed, when it comes back it emits the energy.
For e.g. : If electron comes back from energy level having energy E2 to energy level having energy E1, then
energy of emitted radiation is given as E = E2 – E1 = h.
Thus, different spectral lines in the spectra of atoms corresponds to different transition of electrons from higher
energy level to lower energy levels.
Spectral Series n1 n2 Region
(i) Lyman Series 1 2, 3, 4... UV
(ii) Balmer Series 2 3, 4 .... Visible
(iii) Paschen Series 3 4, 5, 6... IR
(iv) Brackett Series 4 5, 6, 7 .... IR
(v) Pfund Series 5 6, 7, .... IR
(vi) Humphrey Series 6 7, 8 ..... Far IR

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0 n=
Interpretation of Hydrogen Spectrum n=6
n=5
n=4
Paschen series (infrared)
n=3
Rydberg Equation
Balmer series (visible)

The wavelength (), wave number (  ) for the electromagnetic n=2

Green
Red
Blue
Violet
radiation can be calculated by Rydberg equation.

1 1 1
  R  Z2  2  2 
  n1 n2 
Z = Atomic number
R = 109677 cm–1 = Rydberg constant

Energy
n2 = higher orbit Lyman series (ultraviolet)

n1 = lower orbit

Total number of spectral lines

n(n  1)
(i)  when electron jumps from nth level to
2 n=1
ground level.

(ii) (n2  n1)(n2  n1  1)  when electron returns from n2 to n1.

2

Example 7 : Calculate the frequency of the spectral line corresponding to n1 = 2 and n2 = 4. To which spectral
series does this line belong?

 1 1
Solution :   R 2  2 
n n 
 1 2
n1 = 2
n2 = 4
1


R = Rydberg constant = 109677 cm–1
Substituting the values in the equation

1  1 1  1
 109677  2   cm
2 
  (2) (4) 
1
= 20,564.43 cm–1

 = 4.86 × 10–5 cm
  4.86  10 7 m
c
Frequency () =

3  10 8 ms 1

4.86  10 7 m
 = 6.172 × 1014 s–1
So, the frequency of spectral line is 6.172 × 1014 s–1.
Since ni = 2, so it belongs to Balmer series.

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Failures of Bohr’s Theory :
 It cannot explain the spectra of atoms having more than one electron.
 It failed to explain fine structure i.e. why there are number of component lines lying close together when
the spectra of hydrogen is examined by a powerful spectroscope.
 Since there is uncertainty of the position and velocity of the electron hence the concept of electron
jumping from one orbit to another is not justified.
 It does not throw light on the distribution and arrangement of electrons in atoms as well as shape of
the molecules, formed by the combination of atoms.
 It could not explain the spilliting of spectral lines in magnetic field (zeeman effect) and spilliting of spectral
lines in the strong electric field (Stark effect).

EXERCISE
5. The correct sequence of frequency of the electromagnetic radiations in electromagnetic spectrum is
(1) X-rays > UV rays > Microwaves > Radio waves
(2) Radio waves > Microwaves > UV rays > X-rays
(3) UV rays > X-rays > Radio waves > Microwaves
(4) Radio waves > Microwaves > X-rays > UV rays
6. The value of n1 for Paschen series of hydrogen spectrum is (n1 = orbit number in which electron falls)
(1) 1 (2) 2
(3) 3 (4) 4
7. Bohr theory is not applicable for
(1) He+ (2) Li2+
(3) Be+ (4) H
8. What is the energy associated with 3rd energy shell of hydrogen atom?
(1) –2.18 × 10–18 J (2) –0.342 × 10–19 J
(3) –0.726 × 10 J–18 (4) –2.42 × 10–19 J
9. Find out the incorrect match.
(1) Electron – Dual nature
(2) Rainbow – Discontinuous spectra
(3) Atoms – Line spectra
(4) Particle nature – Photoelectric effect
10. According to the Bohr Theory, which of the following transitions in the hydrogen atom will give rise to the least
energetic photon?
(1) n = 6 to n = 5 (2) n = 5 to n = 3
(3) n = 6 to n = 1 (4) n = 5 to n = 4

DUAL BEHAVIOUR OF MATTER

Light possesses both wave and particle character i.e., dual character. de-Broglie proposed that just like light,
all the matter should exhibit both particle and wave-like properties i.e., dual behaviour.
de-Broglie gave an expression for the wavelength and momentum of all material particles.

h 1 h
Wavelength   ; mv 2  K.E.   
mv 2 2(K.E.)m

where, ‘m’ is the mass of the particle

h = Planck’s constant = 6.626 × 10–34 Js
‘v’ is the velocity of the particle

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Example 8 : Calculate the wavelength associated with cricket ball of mass of 150 g travelling with a velocity
of 25 ms–1.
Solution : According the de-Broglie equation,
h

mv
h = Planck’s constant
= 6.626 × 10–34 Js
m = 150 g

150
= kg
1000
v = 25 ms–1
Putting in equation, we get

6.626  10 34 Js

 150 
 kg  25 ms 1
1000 

  1.766  10 34 m (J = kg m2 s 2 )

Example 9 : If the KE of electron is 2.5 × 10–24 J, then calculate its de-Broglie wavelength.

1
Solution : Kinetic energy = mv 2
2

1/2
 2 KE 
v 
 m 
Since, mass of electron = 9.1 × 10–31 kg
Then substituting the values

1/2
 2  2.5  10 24 J 
v , (1 J = kg m2 s 2 )
 9.1 10 31 kg 
 

v = 2.34 × 103 ms–1

h
Wavelength () =
mv

6.626  10 34 Js
=
(9.1 10 31 kg)(2.34  10 3 ms 1 )

= 311.1 × 10–9 m, (1 nm = 10–9 m)

  311.1 nm

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HEISENBERG’S UNCERTAINTY PRINCIPLE
It states that the position and momentum of microscopic moving particles cannot be determined
simultaneously with accuracy or certainty. Mathematically, this law is expressed as

h
x  p 
4

where, x = Uncertainty in the position

p = Uncertainty in the momentum
h = Planck’s constant

Example 10 : Calculate the uncertainty in the position of a cricket ball of mass 150 g if the uncertainty in its
velocity is 3.52 × 10–24 ms–1.
Solution : Mass of the ball = 150 g = 0.150 kg
Uncertainty in velocity (v) = 3.52 × 10–24 ms–1
h
x  mv 
4
6.626  10 34 kg m2 s 1
x 
4  3.142  (0.150 kg)  (3.52  10 24 ms 1 )
x = 10–10 m

x  1 Å (1 Å = 10 10 m)

QUANTUM NUMBERS
The set of four integers required to define the state of electron in an atom are called quantum numbers.
The set of quantum numbers are
(1) Principal quantum number (n)
(2) Azimuthal quantum number (l)
(3) Magnetic quantum number (m)
(4) Spin quantum number (s)
(1) Principal quantum number, (n) : It has integral values of 1, 2, 3, 4 ...... etc., also denoted as K, L,
M, N .... etc.
(2) Azimuthal quantum number, (l) : tells us about the subenergy shell of electron. For each main energy
shell there can be ‘n’ number of subenergy shells. These subenergy shells are designated by different
values of l. For each value of n, l can have values from 0, 1, 2, 3 ... n – 1.
(3) Magnetic quantum number, (m) : explains the behaviour of an electron in the external magnetic field
or in other words it tells us about orbitals of the electrons. The values of m gives the number of orbitals
associated with a particular sub shell in shell. For each value of l, m can have values from –l to +l
including zero.
e.g., when l = 1, m = -1, 0, +1; l = 2, m = -2, -1, 0, +1, +2
(4) Spin quantum number, (s) : gives an idea about the electron spinning on its axis. Each spinning
electron can have two values of + 1/2 (clockwise spin) and – 1/2 (anticlockwise spin).

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Number of Number of
Orbital
n l m Orbitals in Orbitals in
Notation
Subshell Shells

1 0 0 1s 1 1
2 0 0 2s 1 4
2 1 –1, 0, +1 2p 3 4

3 0 0 3s 1 9
3 1 –1, 0, +1 3p 3 9
3 2 –2, –1, 0, +1, +2 3d 5 9
4 0 0 4s 1 16

4 1 –1, 0, +1 4p 3 16
4 2 –2, –1, 0, +1, +2 4d 5 16

–3, –2, –1, 0, +1,

4 3 4f 7 16
+2, +3

FILLING OF ORBITALS IN ATOM

The electrons in various orbitals are filled according to certain rules.

An understanding of these rules/principles enables us to write electronic configuration of the elements.

z Aufbau principle : It states that electrons are filled in the orbitals in order of increasing energy. The
energy of the orbitals is governed by (n + l) rule. In simple words, orbitals of lower energy are filled first
followed by orbitals of higher energy.

(n + l) rule : Orbitals having lowest value of (n + l) will be filled first. If two orbitals have same value of
n + l, the one having lower value of n will be filled first.

The energy of atomic orbitals for hydrogen like atom is

1s < 2s = 2p < 3s = 3p = 3d < 4s = 4p = 4d = 4f

The energy of orbitals other than H atom depend upon (n + l) value and varies as

1s < 2s < 2p < 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p < 5s < 4d < 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d < 6p < 7s < 5f < 6d

z Pauli’s exclusion principle : It states that no two electrons can have the same value of the four
quantum numbers. This implies that no two electrons are alike in an atom or in other words an orbital
can accommodate a maximum of two electrons.

z Hund’s rule : This rule states that pairing of the electrons in degenerate orbitals, belonging to a particular
sub shell (i.e. p, d and f), does not take place till each orbital is occupied by a single electron with
parallel spin. The anomalies are observed occuring in a few configurations (particularly transition elements)
for example (i) chromium has a configuration of 3d5 4s1 and not 3d4 4s2 and (ii) copper has a configuration
of 3d10 4s1 and not 3d9 4s2. This is attributable to the extra stability of half filled or completely filled set
of degenerate orbitals.
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Causes of Stability of Completely Filled and Half-filled Subshells

The reasons for the stability of completely filled and half-filled subshells are as follows :

1. Symmetrical distribution of electrons : It is a known fact that the symmetry leads to stability. So, the
half-filled and fully-filled orbitals are symmetrical, hence stable. Moreover this type of electronic configuration
is even favoured by energy factor. The electrons in the 3d subshell have equal energy, but they just differ
in their spacial distribution. This results in less shielding of one another. Due to small shielding, the
electrons are pulled closer to the nucleus. And as the electrons move closer to the nucleus, their energy
decreases (more negative). Further this decrease in energy leads to stability.

2. Exchange energy : Electrons with the same spin have a tendency to exchange their positions when they
are present in the degenerate orbitals of a subshell. The energy released during this exchange is called
exchange energy.

More are the number of electrons with identical spin, more are the number of ways of exchanging with
other electrons, more will be the energy released called exchange energy. Moreover, we know that decrease
in energy leads to stability.

Example :

Case I : If the electronic configuration of chromium was [Ar]3d 4 4s 2, then electrons could be exchanged
in only six ways as shown below :

1 2 3

3 exchanges by 2 exchanges by 1 exchange by

electron 1 electron 2 electron 3

3  2  1  6 ways

Possible exchanges for a d 4 configuration

Case II : Actual configuration of chromium is [Ar]3d 5 4s1

1 2 3 4

4 exchanges by 3 exchanges by 2 exchanges by 1 exchange by

electron 1 electron 2 electron 3 electron 4

Possible exchange for a d 5 configuration

So, in total 4 + 3 + 2 + 1 = 10 ways of exchange

Here, we conclude that in actual half-filled configuration of chromium more are the number of exchanges
i.e., 10 in contrast to 6 exchanges in the expected configuration.

Similarly, the exchange energy of d 10 electronic configuration is more than for d 9 configuration. Therefore,
the d 10 electronic configuration of copper is stable.

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Example 11 : Give the possible values of l, ml and ms for electrons having n = 2.

Solution : For ‘n’ = 2, the permitted values of ‘l’ are 0 to (n – 1)
i.e., 0, 1
So, the ‘l’ values are 0 and 1.
ml has values –l through 0 to +l.
1 1
ms : There are two ms values for each value of ml i.e.,  and –
2 2
l ml ms
0 0 ±1/2
1 –1 ±1/2
0 ±1/2
+1 ±1/2

Example 12 : From the following sets of quantum numbers, state which are possible?

(i) n = 0, l = 0, ml = 1, ms = +1/2 (ii) n = 2, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = –1/2

(iii) n = 2, l = 0, ml = 3, ms = +1/2 (iv) n = 3, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = –1/2
Solution : (i) n = 0, l = 0, ml = 1, ms = +1/2
These set of quantum numbers are not possible as ‘n’ cannot have value ‘0’.
(ii) n = 2, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = –1/2
n=2
l = 0 to (n – 1)
l = 0, 1
For l = 1, ml = –1, 0, +1
So, these quantum numbers are possible.
(iii) n = 2, l = 0, ml = 3, ms = +1/2
Not possible, as ml = 3 value here is not permissible.
ml has values = –l, 0, ....., + l
Possible values of ml = –2, –1, 0, +1, +2
(iv) n = 3, l = 1, ml = 0, ms = –1/2
Possible

Note:

z Number of subshells in nth shell = n

Number of orbitals in nth shell = n2
Number of electrons in nth shell = 2n2
Number of orbitals in subshell = 2l + 1
Number of electrons in subshell = 2(2l + 1)

h
z Orbital angular momentum = l (l  1)
2

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NEET Structure of Atom 41
SHAPES OF ATOMIC ORBITALS
1. s-orbitals : Spherical shape
2. p-orbitals : Dumb-bell shape
3. d-orbitals : Double dumb-bell shape (Except dz2 which has baby soother like shape)

Nodal Point : Point where probability of electron reduces to zero is called nodal point.

Calculation of Nodes :
z Number of Radial nodes = n – l – 1
z Number of Angular nodes / Nodal planes = l
z Total number of nodes = n – 1

Example 13 : Calculate the following for 3px orbital

(1) Number of Radial nodes
(2) Number of Angular nodes
Solution : (1) Number of Radical nodes = n – l – 1 = 3 – 1 – 1 = 1
(2) Number of Angular nodes = l = 1

EXERCISE
11. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with a matter particle is
(1) Directly proportional to the momentum of the particle
(2) Directly proportional to the velocity of the particle
(3) Inversely proportional to the momentum of the particle
(4) Inversely proportional to Planck’s constant
12. The wavelength associated with an electron moving with velocity 1010 ms–1 is
(1) 6.62 × 10–10 m (2) 7.27 × 10–14 m
(3) 3.69 × 10–12 m (4) 4.92 × 10–11 m
13. The possible values of magnetic quantum number for p-orbital are
(1) 0 (2) –1, 0, +1
(3) –2 , –1, 0, +1, +2 (4) –3, –2, –1, 0, +1, +2, +3
14. The notation of orbital with n = 5 and l = 3 is
(1) 2p (2) 5s
(3) 5f (4) 3d
15. Shape of an orbital is given by
(1) Principal quantum number (2) Spin quantum number
(3) Azimuthal quantum number (4) Magnetic quantum number
16. Orientation of orbitals is given by
(1) Magnetic quantum number (2) Spin quantum number
(3) Azimuthal quantum number (4) Principal quantum number
17. If uncertainty in position and momentum are equal, then uncertainty in velocity is

h 1 h h 1 h
(1) (2) (3) (4)
 2m  2 m 

‰ ‰ ‰
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 t
en
nm nment
ssigAssig
Assignment

Assignment
A

7. The number of electrons ejected from the metal

SECTION - A
surface after a light wave of certain minimum
NCERT Based MCQs frequency strikes on the metal surface is
1. The wavelength of an electromagnetic radiation is proportional to the [NCERT Pg. 41]
400 nm. Thus, the wave number will be equal to (1) Frequency of light (2) Brightness of light
[NCERT Pg. 38]
(3) Velocity of light (4) Wavelength of light
(1) 2.5 × 104 cm–1 (2) 2.5 × 103 cm–1
8. “Kinetic energy (energy content of beam of light)
(3) 2.5 × 105 cm–1 (4) 2.5 × 102 cm–1 should depend upon the intensity of light” is a
2. Rutherford’s scattering experiment is related to the statement related with [NCERT Pg. 41]
size of the [NCERT Pg. 34] (1) Classical mechanics (2) Photoelectric effect
(1) Nucleus (2) Atom (3) Black body radiation (4) Both (2) & (3)
(3) Neutron (4) Electron 9. Which of the following is an incorrect graphical
3. When atoms are bombarded with -particles, only representation based on photoelectric effect?
a few in million suffer deflection, others pass out [NCERT Pg. 41]
undeflected. This is because [NCERT Pg. 34]
KE of ejected

(1) The force of repulsion on the moving -particle

electrons

is small
(2) The force of attraction on the -particle to the (1)
oppositely charged electron is very small
0
(3) There is only one nucleus and large number of Frequency of light ()
electrons
incident photons

(4) The nucleus occupies much smaller volume

Number of

compared to the volume of the atom

4. The number of protons, electrons and neutrons (2)
237
respectively in the element 93Y are
[NCERT Pg. 35] Intensity of light
(1) 93, 93, 93 (2) 144, 93, 93
KE of ejected

(3) 93, 93, 144 (4) 93, 144, 93

electrons

5. The ratio of “charge to mass (e/m)” would be

(3)
greater for [NCERT Pg. 36]
(1) Proton (2) Electron
Intensity of light
(3) Neutron (4) Alpha particle
KE of ejected

6. Isobars have [NCERT Pg. 35]

electron

(1) Same number of protons

(2) Same number of neutrons (4)
(3) Same number of nucleons Intensity of light
(4) Same number of electrons (Frequency constant)

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NEET Structure of Atom 43
10. In Bohr’s model of hydrogen atom, if atomic radius 2. According to Bohr's theory, the angular momentum
of the first orbit is x, then the radius of the 3rd orbit for an electron of fifth orbit is
will be [NCERT Pg. 46]
h h
(1) 5 (2) 2.5
x  
(1) (2) 3x
3
 25h
(3) 5 (4)
(3) 9x (4) 6x h 
11. Values of n, l, m and s for electron of 4s1 orbital 3. The no. of photons of light of wavelength 7000 Å
will be respectively [NCERT Pg. 54] equivalent to 1J are

1 1 (1) 3.52 × 10–18 (2) 3.52 × 1018

(1) 4, 1, 0, + (2) 4, 0, 1, +
2 2 (3) 50,000 (4) 100000

1 1 4. It has been found that gaseous iodine molecule

(3) 4, 0, 0, + (4) 4, 2, 0, + just dissociates into iodine atoms after absorption
2 2
of light at wavelengths 4995 Å. The energy required
12. Which of the following sub-shell has l = 1 value? to dissociate 1 mole of iodine molecules is
[NCERT Pg. 54]
(1) 52.2 kcal/mole (2) 93.4 kcal/mole
(1) s (2) p
(3) 63.4 kcal/mole (4) 57.3 kcal/mole
(3) d (4) f
5. If the energy difference between the ground state of
13. What is the maximum number of emission lines
an atom and excited state is 4.4 × 10–19 J. The
obtained when the excited electron of a hydrogen
wave length of photon required to produce this
atom in n = 5 drops to ground state?
transition is
[NCERT Pg. 45]
(1) 4.5 × 10–7 m (2) 4.5 × 10–7 nm
(1) 5 (2) 10
(3) 4.5 × 10–7 Å (4) 4.5 × 10–7 cm
(3) 15 (4) 8
14. The de-Broglie wavelength associated with a 6. The radius for the Bohr orbit is given by
material particle is [NCERT Pg. 49]
Z2 n2
(1) Directly proportional to its energy (1) r  0.529  Å (2) r  0.529  Å
n Z2
(2) Inversely proportional to its energy
Z n2
(3) Inversely proportional to momentum (3) r  0.529  2
Å (4) r  0.529  Å
n Z
(4) Directly proportional to momentum 7. Bohr’s radius for first orbit of hydrogen atom is
15. Kinetic and potential energy (in eV) of electron (1) 0.529 Å (2) 5.29 Å
present in second Bohr’s orbit of hydrogen atom are
respectively [Energy of first Bohr’s orbit = –13.6 eV] (3) 52.9 Å (4) 529 Å

[NCERT Pg. 46] 8. If r1 is the radius of the first orbit of hydrogen atom,
then the radii of second, third and fourth orbits in
(1) –13.6, –27.2 (2) –1.51, –3.02
term of r1 are
(3) 3.4, –6.8 (4) 3.02, –1.51
(1) r12 , r13 , r14 (2) 4 r1, 9 r1, 16 r1
SECTION - B
(3) 8 r1, 27 r1, 64 r1 (4) 2 r1, 6 r1, 8 r1
Objective Type Questions
9. The ionisation energy of H-atom (in the ground
1. Electromagnetic radiation with maximum state) is x kJ. The energy required for an electron
wavelength is to jump from 2nd to 3rd orbit will be
(1) UV (2) Radiowaves (1) x/6 (2) 5x
(3) X-rays (4) Infrared (3) 7.2x (4) 5x/36

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44 Structure of Atom NEET

10. E n = –313.6/n 2 kcal/mole. If the value of 20. If kinetic energy of a proton is increased nine
E = –34.84 kcal/mole, to which value does 'n' times, the wavelength of the de-Broglie wave
correspond? associated with it would become
(1) 4 (2) 3 (1) 3 times (2) 9 times
(3) 2 (4) 1 1 1
(3) times (4) times
11. The de-Broglie relationship in between  of a moving 3 9
particle with K.E. is 21. The electronic configuration of Cu (29) is
h 2m(K.E.) (1) [Ar]4s13d5 (2) [Ar]4s13d10
(1)   (2)  
2m(K.E.) h (3) [Ar]4s03d4 (4) [Ar]4s03d9

h h 22. According to Aufbau principle which of the three 4d,

(3)   (4)   5p and 5s will be filled first?
2m(K.E.) 2m KE
12. The third line in the Balmer series corresponds to (1) 4d
an electronic transition between which Bohr orbit in (2) 5p
hydrogen? (3) 5s
(1) 5  2 (2) 4  2 (4) 4d and 5s simultaneously
(3) 3  2 (4) 6  2 23. If n and l are respectively the principle and
13. The correct order of increasing energy of atomic azimuthal quantum numbers, then expression for
orbitals is calculating total number of electrons in any energy
(1) 5p < 4f < 6s < 5d (2) 5p < 6s < 4f < 5d level is
ln ln 1
(3) 4f < 5p < 5d < 6s (4) 5p < 5d < 4f < 6s
(1)  2(2l  1) (2)  2(2l  1)
14. Number of spectral line in Balmer series when an l1 l1
electron return from 7th orbit to 1st orbit of hydrogen ln 1 ln 1
atom are (3)  2(2l  1) (4)  2(2l  1)
l0 l0
(1) 5 (2) 6
(3) 21 (4) 8 24. For which one of the following set of quantum
number an electron will have the highest energy?
15. Which shell would be the first to have g subshell?
(1) 3, 2, 1, 1/2 (2) 4, 2, –1, 1/2
(1) L (2) M
(3) 4, 1, 0, –1/2 (4) 5, 0, 0, 1/2
(3) N (4) O
25. The magnetic quantum number is related to
16. A ‘d’ orbital can accomodate upto
(1) Size (2) Orientation
(1) 5 electrons (2) 10 electrons
(3) Spin (4) Shape
(3) 2 electrons (4) 6 electrons
26. The maximum no. of eletrons in a subshell is given
17. Which of the following electronic configuration is not by
possible?
(1) 4l – 2 (2) 4l + 2
(1) 2p3 (2) 2d5
(3) 2l + 2 (4) 2n2
(3) 4s1 (4) 5f 8
27. The energies of orbitals of H-atom are in the order
18. Which of electronic level would allow the hydrogen
to absorb a photon but not emit a photon? (1) 3s < 3p < 4s < 3d < 4p

(1) 3s (2) 2p (2) 3s < 3p < 3d < 4s < 4p

(3) 2s (4) 1s (3) 3s = 3p = 3d < 4s = 4p

19. Maximum number of spectral lines emitted when (4) 3s = 3p = 3d < 4s < 4p
electrons jump from n = 5 to n = 1 in hydrogen 28. The circumference of second orbit of H–atom, if the
atom sample is wavelength of electron is 5 × 10–9m
(1) 1 (2) 2 (1) 50 × 10–9m (2) 10–8m
(3) 10 (4) 6 (3) 10–10m (4) 10–18m
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NEET Structure of Atom 45
29. The number of waves in the third orbit of H–atom is
SECTION - C
(1) 1 (2) 2
Previous Years Questions
(3) 4 (4) 3
1. Orbital having 3 angular nodes and 3 total nodes
30. In hydrogen atom energy of electron in 2nd Bohr's is [NEET-2019 (Odisha)]
orbit is –3.4 eV. The kinetic energy of electron in (1) 6d (2) 5p
this orbit is
(3) 3d (4) 4f
(1) –3.4 eV (2) +3.4 eV 2. In hydrogen atom, the de Broglie wavelength of an
(3) –6.8 eV (4) +1.7 eV electron in the second Bohr orbit is
+
31. The spectrum of He is expected to be similar to [Given that Bohr radius, a0 = 52.9 pm]
that of [NEET-2019 (Odisha)]
(1) H (2) Li+ (1) 105.8 pm (2) 211.6 pm
(3) 211.6  pm (4) 52.9  pm
(3) Na (4) He
3. 4d, 5p, 5f and 6p orbitals are arranged in the order
32. Bohr’s model is based upon of decreasing energy. The correct option is
(1) Heisenberg’s principle [NEET-2019]
(2) de Broglie’s concept (1) 5f > 6p > 5p > 4d (2) 6p > 5f > 5p > 4d
(3) Schrodinger’s wave equation (3) 6p > 5f > 4d > 5p (4) 5f > 6p > 4d > 5p
4. Which of the following series of transitions in the
(4) Plank’s quantum theory spectrum of hydrogen atom fall in visible region?
33. No two electrons in an atom can have [NEET-2019]
(1) The same principal quantum number (1) Lyman series (2) Balmer series
(2) The same azimuthal quantum number (3) Paschen series (4) Brackett series

(3) The same magnetic quantum number 5. Which one is a wrong statement? [NEET-2018]
(1) Total orbital angular momentum of electron in
(4) The same set of all 4 quantum numbers 's' orbital is equal to zero
34. Which of the following are isoelectronic with each (2) An orbital is designated by three quantum
other? numbers while an electron in an atom is
(1) Na+, Ne (2) K+,O designated by four quantum numbers

(3) Ne, O (4) Na+, K+ (3) The value of m for dz2 is zero
(4) The electronic configuration of N atom is
35. In third principal quantum number, the total number
1 1 1
of orbitals will be 1s2 2s2 2px 2py 2pz
(1) 16 (2) 9
(3) 4 (4) 1
6. Which one is the wrong statement? [NEET-2017]
36. If threshold wavelength (°) for ejection of electron
from metal is 330 nm, then work function for the h
(1) de-Broglie's wavelength is given by   ,
photoelectric emission is mv
where m = mass of the particle, v = group
(1) 6 × 10–10 J (2) 1.2 × 10–18 J
velocity of the particle
(3) 3 × 10–19 J (4) 6 × 10–19 J
37. A certain metal when irradiated with light h
(2) The uncertainty principle is E  t 
( = 3.2 × 1016 Hz) emits photo electrons with 4
twice kinetic energy as did photo electrons (3) Half-filled and fully filled orbitals have greater
when the same metal is irradiated by light stability due to greater exchange energy, greater
( = 2.0 × 1016 Hz). Calculate 0 of electron? symmetry and more balanced arrangement
(1) 1.2 × 1014 Hz (2) 8 × 1015 Hz
(4) The energy of 2s orbital is less than the energy
(3) 1.2 × 1016 Hz (4) 4 × 1012 Hz of 2p orbital in case of Hydrogen like atoms
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46 Structure of Atom NEET

7. How many electrons can fit in the orbital for which 15. The value of Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10-34Js.
n = 3 and l = 1? [NEET-Phase-2-2016] The speed of light is 3×1017 nm s–1. Which value is
(1) 2 (2) 6 closest to the wavelength in nanometer of a quantum
of light with frequency of 6 × 1015 s–1? [NEET-2013]
(3) 10 (4) 14
(1) 25 (2) 50
8. Which of the following pairs of d-orbitals will have
(3) 75 (4) 10
electron density along the axes?
 Z2 
[NEET-Phase-2-2016] 16. Based on equation, E = –2.178×10–18 J  2  certain
n 
(1) d z 2 , d xz (2) dxz, dyz conclusions are written. Which of them is not
correct ? [NEET-2013]
(3) d z 2 , d x 2  y 2 (4) d xy , d x 2  y 2
(1) Larger the value of n, the larger is the orbit radius
9. Two electrons occupying the same orbital are (2) Equation can be used to calculate the change
distinguished by [NEET-2016] in energy when the electron changes orbit
(1) Spin quantum number (3) For n = 1, the electron has a more negative
(2) Principal quantum number energy than it does for n = 6 which means that
the electron is more loosely bound in the
(3) Magnetic quantum number smallest allowed orbit
(4) Azimuthal quantum number (4) The negative sign in equation simply means that
10. The angular momentum of electron in 'd' orbital is the energy of electron bound to the nucleus is
equal to [AIPMT-2015] lower than it would be if the electrons were at
the infinite distance from the nucleus
(1) 0  (2) 6 17. The correct set of four quantum numbers for the
valence electron of rubidium atom (Z = 37) is
(3) 2 (4) 2 3 
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
11. What is the maximum number of orbitals than can 1
be identified with the following quantum numbers? (1) 5,0,0 +
2
n = 3, l = 1, m = 0 [AIPMT-2014]
1
(1) 1 (2) 2 (2) 5,1,0 +
2
(3) 3 (4) 4 1
(3) 5,1,1 +
12. Calculate the energy in joule corresponding to light 2
of wavelength 45 nm: (Planck's constant 1
h = 6.63 × 10–34 Js; speed of light c = 3×108 ms–1) (4) 6,0,0 +
2
[AIPMT-2014] 18. Maximum number of electrons in a subshell with
(1) 6.67 × 10 15
(2) 6.67 × 10 11 l = 3 and n = 4 is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2012]
–15 (1) 10
(3) 4.42 × 10 (4) 4.42 × 10–18
(2) 12
13. Be2+ is isoelectronic with which of the following
ions ? [AIPMT-2014] (3) 14

(1) H+ (2) Li+ (4) 16

19. The orbital angular momentum of a p-electron is given
(3) Na+ (4) Mg2+
as [AIPMT (Mains)-2012]
14. What is the maximum number of electrons that can
be associated with the following set of quantum h h
(1) (2) 3
numbers? n = 3, l = 1 and m = –1 [NEET-2013] 2 2

(1) 6 (2) 4 3h h
(3) (4) 6
(3) 2 (4) 10 2 2

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NEET Structure of Atom 47
20. The total number of atomic orbitals in fourth energy 26. Maximum number of electrons in a subshell of an
level of an atom is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011] atom is determined by the following
(1) 4 [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
(2) 8 (1) 2 + 1
(3) 16 (2) 4 – 2

(4) 32 (3) 2n2

(4) 4 + 2
21. The energies E1 and E2 of two radiations are 25 eV
and 50 eV respectively. The relation between their 27. Which of the following is not permissible arrangement
wavelengths i.e. 1 and 2 will be of electrons in an atom? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009]
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2011] 1
(1) n = 5,  = 3, m = 0, s = 
2
1
(1) 1  2 1
2 (2) n = 3,  = 2, m = –3, s = 
2
(2) 1 = 2
1 = 22 1
(3) (3) n = 3,  = 2, m = –2, s = 
2
(4) 1 = 42
22. If n = 6, the correct sequence for filling of electrons 1
will be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2011] (4) n = 4,  = 0, m = 0, s = 
2
(1) ns  np (n – 1)d  (n – 2)f
28. A p-n photodiode is made of a material with a band
(2) ns (n – 2)f (n – 1)d  np gap of 2.0 eV. The minimum frequency of the radiation
(3) ns (n – 1)d (n – 2)f np that can be absorbed by the material is nearly
(4) ns (n – 2)f  np (n–1) d [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
14
23. According to the Bohr Theory, which of the following (1) 20 × 10 Hz
transitions in the hydrogen atom will give rise to the (2) 10 × 1014 Hz
least energetic photon? [AIPMT (Mains)-2011]
(3) 5 × 1014 Hz
(1) n = 6 to n = 5
(4) 1 × 1014 Hz
(2) n = 5 to n = 3
29. If uncertainty in position and momentum are equal,
(3) n = 6 to n = 1
then uncertainty in velocity is
(4) n = 5 to n = 4
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
24. A 0.66 kg ball is moving with a speed of 100 m/s.
The associated wavelength will be h 1 h
(1) (2)
(h = 6.6 × 10–34 Js) [AIPMT (Mains)-2010]  2m 
(1) 6.6 × 10–32 m
(2) 6.6 × 10–34 m h 1 h
(3) (4)
2 m 
(3) 1.0 × 10–35 m
(4) 1.0 × 10–32 m 30. The measurement of the electron position is
associated with an uncertainty in momentum, which
25. The energy absorbed by each molecule (A2) of a
is equal to 1 × 10–18 g cm s–1. The uncertainty in
substance is 4.4 × 10–19J and bond energy per
molecule is 4.0 × 10–19 J. The kinetic energy of the electron velocity is, (Mass of an electron is
molecule per atom will be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2009] 9 × 10–28 g) [AIPMT (Prelims)-2008]
(1) 2.2 × 10–19 J (1) 1 × 1011 cm s–1
(2) 2.0 × 10–19 J (2) 1 × 109 cm s–1
(3) 4.0 × 10–20J (3) 1 × 106 cm s–1
(4) 2.0 × 10–20J (4) 1 × 105 cm s–1
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48 Structure of Atom NEET

31. Consider the following sets of quantum numbers Questions asked prior to Medical Ent. Exams. 2005
n  m s 35. Uncertainty in position of an electron (mass = 9.1 ×
10–28g) moving with a velocity of 3 × 104 cm/s
1 accurate upto 0.001% will be (Use h/(4) in uncertainty
(a) 3 0 0 
2 expression where h = 6.626 × 10–27 erg-s)

1 (1) 5.76 cm
(b) 2 2 1 
2 (2) 7.68 cm
(3) 1.93 cm
1
(c) 4 3 –2 
2 (4) 3.84 cm
36. The radius of hydrogen atom in the ground state is
1
(d) 1 0 –1  0.53 Å. The radius of Li2+ ion (atomic number = 3) in
2
a similar state is
1 (1) 0.53 Å
(e) 3 2 3 
2 (2) 1.06 Å
Which of the following sets of quantum number is (3) 0.17 Å
not possible? [AIPMT (Prelims)-2007]
(4) 0.265 Å
(1) (a) and (c)
37. In a Bohr’s model of an atom, when an electron
(2) (b), (c) and (d) jumps from n = 1 to n = 3, how much energy will
(3) (a), (b), (c) and (d) be emitted or absorbed per atom?

(4) (b), (d) and (e) (1) 2.389 × 10–12 ergs

32. Given : The mass of electron is 9.11 × 10–31 kg. (2) 0.239 × 10–10 ergs
Planck’s constant is 6.626 × 10–34 Js, the uncertainty (3) 2.15 × 10–11 ergs
involved in the measurement of velocity within a
(4) 0.1936 × 10–10 ergs
distance of 0.1 Å is [AIPMT (Prelims)-2006]
38. The electronic configuration of gadolinium (Atomic
(1) 5.79 × 106 ms–1
No. 64) is
(2) 5.79 × 107 ms–1
(1) [Xe]4f 3 5d 5 6s2
(3) 5.79 × 108 ms–1 (2) [Xe]4f 6 5d 2 6d 2
(4) 5.79 × 105 ms–1 (3) [Xe]4f 8 5d 9 6s2
33. The orientation of an atomic orbital is governed by (4) [Xe] 4f 7 5d 1 6s 2
[AIPMT (Prelims)-2006] 39. The ion that is isoelectronic with CO is
(1) Azimuthal quantum number (1) CN–
(2) Spin quantum number (2) N2+
(3) Magnetic quantum number (3) O2–
(4) Principal quantum number (4) N2–
34. The energy of second Bohr orbit of the hydrogen atom 40. The Bohr orbit radius for the hydrogen atom (n = 1)
is –328 kJ mol–1; hence the energy of fourth Bohr is approximately 0.530 Å. The radius for the first
orbit would be [AIPMT (Prelims)-2005] excited state (n = 2) orbit is (in Å)
(1) –41 kJ mol–1 (1) 4.77
–1
(2) –1312 kJ mol (2) 1.06
–1
(3) –164 kJ mol (3) 0.13
–1
(4) –82 kJ mol (4) 2.12

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NEET Structure of Atom 49
41. The position of both, an electron and a helium atom 47. The frequency of radiation emitted when the
is known within 1.0 nm. Further the momentum of electron falls from n = 4 to n = 1 in a hydrogen
the electron is known within 5.0 × 10–26 kg ms–1. atom will be (Given ionization energy of
The minimum uncertainty in the measurement of the H = 2.18 × 10–18 J atom–1 and h = 6.625 × 10–34 Js)
momentum of the helium atom is
(1) 1.54 × 1015 s–1
(1) 8.0 × 10–26 kg ms–1
(2) 1.03 × 1015 s–1
(2) 80 kg ms–1
(3) 3.08 × 1015 s–1
(3) 50 kg ms–1
(4) 2.00 × 1015 s–1
(4) 5.0 × 10–26 kg ms–1
42. Which of the following configuration is correct for 48. Which one of the following ions has electronic
iron? configuration [Ar]3d6?

(1) 1s 22s 22p63s23p64s23d 7 (1) Co3+

(2) 1s22s22p63s23p64s23d 5 (2) Ni3+

(3) 1s22s22p63s 23p63d 5 (3) Mn3+
(4) 1s 22s 22p63s23p64s23d 6 (4) Fe3+
43. Which of the following has maximum number of (At. no. of Mn = 25, Fe = 26, Co = 27, Ni = 28)
unpaired d-electrons?
49. Which of the following is not among shortcomings of
(1) N3+
Bohr’s model?
(2) Fe2+
(1) Bohr theory could not account for the fine lines
(3) Zn+ in the atomic spectrum
(4) Cu+
(2) Bohr theory was unable to account for the
44. Who modified Bohr’s theory by introducing elliptical splitting of the spectral lines in the presence of
orbits for electron path? magnetic field
(1) Rutherford (3) Bohr theory failed for He atom
(2) Thomson (4) It did not give information about energy level
(3) Hund
50. Number of spectral lines falling in Balmer series when
(4) Sommerfield electrons are de-excited from nth shell will be given
45. The de Broglie wavelength of a particle with mass as
1 g and velocity 100 m/s is (1) (n – 2) in UV
(1) 6.63 × 10–35 m (2) (n – 2) in visible region
(2) 6.63 × 10–34 m
(3) (n – 3) in near IR
(3) 6.63 × 10–33 m
(4) (n – 3) in far IR
(4) 6.65 × 10–35 m
51. The ratio of the energy required to remove an electron
46. The following quantum numbers are possible for from the first three Bohr’s orbits of hydrogen is
how many orbitals : n = 3, l = 2, m = +2?
(1) 3 : 2 : 1
(1) 1
(2) 9 : 4 : 1
(2) 2
(3) 36 : 9 : 4
(3) 3
(4) 4 (4) 1 : 4 : 9

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50 Structure of Atom NEET

7. Consider the following statements

SECTION - D
NEET Booster Questions 1
(a) Velocity of electron is th velocity of light
137
31
1. Isotone of 15 P is (b) First line of Balmer series will be more intense
32 33 compared to second line
(1) 15 P (2) 16 S
(c) Radius of third orbit of Li2+ ion is 1.5 times
27 32 more than radius of second orbit of He  ion
(3) 13 Al (4) 16 S

2. The radius of which of the following orbit is same Correct among the following is/are
as that of second Bohr’s orbit of hydrogen atom? (1) (a) only
(1) He+ (n = 4) (2) (b) & (c) only
(2) Be3+ (n = 4) (3) (a) & (c) only
(3) Li2+ (n = 3) (4) (a), (b) & (c) are correct
(4) He+ (n = 2) 8. Energy of electron in orbit of H-atom is –1.51 eV.
3. Which one of the following does not represent a Wavelength produced by the electron in same orbit
right graph of radial distribution function versus if 1st orbit of H have radius x
distance r from nucleus? (1) 2x (2) 3x
(3) 6x (4) 9x
1s 2s
9. For which of the following orbital, ratio of orbit
A. B. angular momentum to orbital angular momentum is

r r 2 : 1 .?
(1) 2s (2) 2p
4d 3s
(3) 3p (4) 4s

C. D. 10. Heisenberg uncertainty principle will be valid for

r r v = change in velocity
(1) A & C (2) A only x = change in positions

(3) A, C & D (4) C only (1) v and x are on same axis

4.  320 represents [Z = internuclear axis] (2) v and x are on different axis

(1) 3px (2) 3dz 2 (3) Macroscopic particle

(3) 3d (4) 3d xy (4) Both (1) & (3)

x2 – y 2
5. Potential energy of the electron in Bohr’s orbit will 11. Possible number of orientations of subshell is
be (1) l (2) n
2 2
KZe KZe (4) n2
(1) (2)  (3) 2l + 1
2r 2r
12. Incorrect among the following is/are
KZe2 KZe2
(3)  (4) 2
r r (a) Number of electrons having m = 0 in Na are 7
6. Total number of lines emitted in infrared region (b) Energy of 4s orbital is more than 3d in H-atom
when electron de-excited from 5th excited state to
(c) Energy of 2s orbital in O is more than carbon
1st excited state will be
(1) 3 (2) 8 (1) (a) only (2) (b) only

(3) 2 (4) 6 (3) (a) & (b) only (4) (c) only

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NEET Structure of Atom 51
13. Correct set of quantum numbers representing the 17. Which is the correct graphical representation
last electron of iron (Fe) will be based on photoelectric effect?

1
(1) n = 4, l = 0, m = 0, s = 
2
K.E. K.E.
I. II.
1
(2) n = 3, l = 2, m =  2, s = 
2  0 

1
(3) n = 3, l = 1, m = 0, s = 

No. of photons
2

(4) n = 3, l = 1, m = –2, s = 0 K.E.

14. In which of the following electronic arrangement all III. IV.

the three rules Aufbau principle, Pauli’s exclusion
Intensity of light Intensity of light
and Hund’s rule are invalid?

(1) I & II (2) II & III

(1)
(3) III & IV (4) II & IV
18. What will be the longest wavelength line in Balmer
(2) series of spectrum of H-atom?
(1) 546 nm (2) 656 nm
(3)
(3) 566 nm (4) 556 nm
19. In hydrogen atom, energy of first excited state is
(4) –3.4 eV. Then find out KE of same orbit of
hydrogen atom
15. Total number of angular nodes present in 3d (1) +3.4 eV (2) +6.8 eV
x2 – y 2
(3) –13.6 eV (4) +13.6 eV
and 3d orbital respectively is
z2
20. Total number of spectral lines in UV region, during
(1) 2, 0 transition from 5th excited state to 1st excited state
(2) 2, 2 (1) 10 (2) 3

(3) 3, 2 (3) 4 (4) Zero

(4) 1, 1 21. The first emission line in the atomic spectrum of

hydrogen in the Balmer series appears at
16. Incorrect electronic configuration is represented by
(At. No.: Gd: 64, W: 74, Pd: 46, Mo: 42) 5R 3R
(1) cm1 (2) cm1
36 4
(a) Gd  [Xe] 4f 7 5d 16s 2
7R 9R
(b) W = [Xe] 4f 14, 5d 4, 6s 2 (3) cm1 (4) cm1
144 400
(c) Pd = [Kr] 4d9, 5s1 22. In a hydrogen atom, if the energy of electron in the
(d) Mo = [Kr] 4d5, 5s1 ground state is –x eV., then that in the 2nd excited
state of He+ is
(1) (a) only
4
(2) (b) and (c) only (1) –x eV (2)  x eV
9
(3) (c) only
9
(4) (a) & (d) only (3) +2x eV (4)  x eV
4
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52 Structure of Atom NEET

23. The wavelength of radiation emitted, when in He+ 30. The uncertainty in momentum of an electron is
electron falls from infinity to stationary state would 1 × 10–5 kg-m/s. The uncertainty in its position will
be (R = 1.097 × 107 m–1) be (h = 6.62 × 10–34 kg-m2/s)

(1) 2.2 × 10–8 m (2) 2.2 × 10–9 m (1) 5.27 × 10–30 m (2) 1.05 × 10–26 m

(3) 120 m (4) 22 × 107 m (3) 1.05 × 10–28 m (4) 5.25 × 10–28 m

24. In Bohr series of lines of hydrogen spectrum, the 31. Two particles A and B are in motion. If the wavelength
third line from the red end corresponds to which associated with particle A is 5 × 10–8 m; calculate
one of the following inter-orbit jumps of the electron the wavelength associated with particle B if its
for Bohr orbits in an atom of hydrogen? momentum is half of A.

(1) 3  1 (2) 5  2 (1) 5 × 10–8 m (2) 10–5 cm

(3) 2  5 (4) 3  2 (3) 10–7 cm (4) 5 × 10–8 cm

32. Maximum number of electrons in a subshell with
25. The correct order of energy difference between
l = 3 and n = 4 is
adjacent energy levels in H atom
(1) 10 (2) 12
(1) E2 – E1 > E3 – E2 > E4 – E3
(3) 14 (4) 16
(2) E2 – E1 > E4 – E3 > E3 – E2
33. The total number of subshells in fourth energy level
(3) E4 – E3 > E3 – E2 > E2 – E1
of an atom is
(4) E3 – E2 > E4 – E3 > E2 – E1 (1) 4 (2) 8
26. Which of the following electronic transition in a (3) 16 (4) 32
hydrogen atom will require the largest amount of
energy? 34. For which of the following sets of four quantum
numbers, an electron will have the highest energy?
(1) n = 1 to n = 2 (2) n = 2 to n = 3
n l m s
(3) n = 1 to n =  (4) n = 3 to n = 5
(1) 3 2 1 +1/2
27. The time taken by the electron in one complete
(2) 4 2 –1 +1/2
revolution in the nth Bohr’s orbit of the hydrogen
atom is (3) 4 1 0 –1/2

(1) Inversely proportional to n2 (4) 5 0 0 –1/2

(2) Directly proportional to n3 35. A transition element X has a configuration (Ar)3d 4

in its +3 oxidation state. Its atomic number is
h
(3) Directly proportional to (1) 22 (2) 19
2
(3) 25 (4) 26
n
(4) Inversely proportional to
h 36. Among the following which one is not
28. What will be the ratio of the wavelength of the first paramagnetic? [Atomic numbers; Be = 4, Ne = 10,
line to that of the second line of Paschen series As = 33, Cl = 17]
of H atom? (1) Ne2+ (2) Be+
(1) 256 : 175 (2) 175 : 256 (3) Cl– (4) As+
(3) 15 : 16 (4) 24 : 27 37. Isoelectronic species are

29. For the transition from n = 2  n = 1, which of (1) CO, CN–, NO+, C22–
the following will produce shortest wavelength? (2) CO–, CN, NO, C2–
(1) H atom (2) D atom (3) CO+, CN+, NO–, C2
(3) He+ ion (4) Li2+ ion (4) CO, CN, NO, C2
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NEET Structure of Atom 53
38. Consider the following sets of quantum number 44. The orbital angular momentum of electron in 4s
orbital is
n I m s
(i) 3 0 0 +1/2 1 h
(1) .
(ii) 2 2 1 +1/2 2 2

(iii) 4 3 –2 –1/2 (2) Zero

(iv) 1 0 –1 –1/2 h
(3)
(v) 3 2 3 +1/2 2
h
Which of the following sets of quantum number is (4) (2.5)
not possible? 2
45. Radial nodes present in 3s and 3p-orbitals are
(1) (i), (ii), (iii) and (iv) respectively
(2) (ii), (iv) and(v) (1) 0, 2
(3) (i) and (iii) (2) 2, 1
(4) (ii), (iii) and (iv) (3) 1, 1
39. Any f-orbital can accommodate upto (4) 2, 2
(1) 2 electrons with parallel spin 46. Quantum numbers for some electrons are given
(2) 6 electrons below

(3) 2 electrons with opposite spin A : n = 4, l = 1

(4) 14 electrons B : n = 4, l = 0
40. For principal quantum number n = 5, the total C : n = 3, l = 2
number of orbitals having l = 3 is
D : n = 3, l = 1
(1) 7 (2) 14
The correct increasing order of energy of electrons
(3) 9 (4) 18
(1) A < B < C < D
41. The four quantum numbers of valence electron of
(2) D < C < B < A
potassium are
(3) D < B < C < A
1 1
(1) 4, 0, 1, (2) 4, 1, 0,
2 2 (4) C < B < A < D
1 1 47. The number of lobes in most of the d-orbitals are
(3) 4, 0, 0, (4) 4, 1, 1,
2 2
(1) 6
42. In the ground state, an element has 13 electrons
in its M-shell. The element is (2) 8

(1) Manganese (2) Cobalt (3) 10

(3) Nickel (4) Iron (4) 4

43. Which combinations of quantum numbers n, l, m 48. For which of the following options m = 0 for all
and s for the electron in an atom does not provide orbitals?
a permissible solutions of the wave equation?
(1) 2s, 2px, 3dxy
1 1 (2) 3s, 2pz , 3d z2
(1) 3, 2,  2, (2) 3, 3, 1, 
2 2
(3) 2s, 2 pz , 3d x 2  y 2
1 1
(3) 3, 2, 1, (4) 3, 1, 1,  (4) 3s, 3px, 3dyz
2 2
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54 Structure of Atom NEET

49. In any sub-shell, the maximum number of 54. What is the wavelength (in m) of a particle of
electrons having same value of spin quantum mass 6.62 × 10–29 g moving with a velocity of
number is 103 ms–1?
(1) 6.62 × 10–4 (2) 6.62 × 10–3
(1) l (l  1) (2) l + 2
(3) 10–5 (4) 105
(3) 2l + 1 (4) 4l + 2 55. Calculate de-Broglie wavelength of an electron
50. If each orbital can hold a maximum of 3 electrons. (in m) travelling at 1% of the speed of light.
The number of elements in 2nd period of periodic (1) 2.73 × 10–24 (2) 2.42 × 10–10
table (long form) is
(3) 242.2 × 1010 (4) None of these
(1) 27 (2) 9 56. The value of Planck's constant is 6.63 × 10–34 Js.
(3) 18 (4) 12 The velocity of light is 3.0 × 108 ms–1. Which value
is closest to the wavelength (in nanometer) of a
51. The uncertainties in the velocities of two particles,
quantum of light which frequency 8 × 1015 s–1?
A and B are 0.05 and 0.02 ms–1 respectively. The
mass of B is five times to that of the mass of A. (1) 4 × 101 (2) 3 × 107
What is the ratio of uncertainties in their positions (3) 2 × 1025 (4) 5 × 10–18

 x A  57. The total number of atomic orbitals in fourth energy

 x ? level of an atom is
 B 
(1) 4 (2) 8
(1) 2 (2) 0.25
(3) 16 (4) 32
(3) 4 (4) 1
58. If n = 6, the correct sequence of filling of electrons
52. Which of the following statements is true? will be
(1) The kinetic energy of an electron is inversely (1) ns  np  (n – 1)d  (n – 2)f
proportional to square of its momentum (2) ns  (n – 2)f  (n – 1)d  np
(2) de-Broglie wavelength associated with a (3) ns  (n – 1)d  (n – 2)f  np
particle is directly proportional to its mass
(4) ns  (n – 2)f  np  (n – 1)d
(3) de-Broglie wavelength associated with a
59. Which of the following is correct for number of
particle is directly proportional to square of its
electrons, number of orbitals and type of orbitals
velocity
respectively in N-orbit?
(4) The kinetic energy of an electron is directly
(1) 4, 4 and 8 (2) 4, 8 and 16
proportional to accelerating potential
(3) 32, 16 and 4 (4) 4, 16 and 32
53. For an electron, if the uncertainty in velocity is v,
then the uncertainty in its position (x) is given by 60. The correct set of four quantum numbers for
outermost electron of potassium (Z = 19) is
hm 4
(1) (2) 1 1
4v hmv (1) 3, 1, 0,  (2) 4, 0, 0, 
2 2
h 4m 1 1
(3) (4) (3) 3, 0, 0,  (4) 4, 1, 0, 
4mv hv 2 2

‰ ‰ ‰

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