Photogrammetry QA
Photogrammetry QA
Photogrammetry MCQ Quiz - Objective Question with Answer for Photogrammetry - Download Free PDF
1. Terrestrial photographs
Explanation:
Mosaics:
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An assembly of vertical aerial photographs into a single composite photographic representation of a terrain made from
overlapping of vertical photographs is called Mosaics. English Get Started
Vertical aerial photo mosaics can be used as a map substitute.
Additional Information
Aerial photographs:
1. A vertical photograph is one that has been taken with the camera axis directed toward the ground as vertically as possible.
2. An oblique photograph is one that has been taken with the camera axis directed at an inclination to the ground.
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Photogrammetry Question 2:
An aerial photograph of a terrain having an average elevation of 1400m is taken at a scale of 1 : 7500. The focal
length of camera is 15 cm. The flight altitude above MSL is
1. 1225 m
2. 2525 m
3. 3025 m
4. 3535 m
Option 2 : 2525 m
Detailed Solution:
Average elevation (h) =1400 m,
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Let the altitude of the flight above mean sea level be 'H'
English Get Started
Now
f 1 0.15
S = ; =
H −h 7500 H −1400
H=2525 m
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Photogrammetry Question 3:
A camera having focal length of 30 cm is used to take vertical photography of a terrain having an average
elevation of 1200 m. What is the height above the sea level at which the aircraft must fly in order to get the scale
of 1 ∶ 7000?
1. 3500 m
2. 3600 m
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3. 2250 m
4. 3300 m
Option 4 : 3300 m
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Concept:
The scale of the photograph:
The scale of a photograph is determined by the focal length of the camera and the flying height above the ground. The focal
length is the distance from the middle of the camera lens to the focal plane.
Focal length is precisely measured when cameras are calibrated and is typically expressed in millimeters.
f
The scale of photograph (S) =
H − h
Distance on photograph d
S= =
Actual distance between points on ground D
Where, S = Scale of the photograph, f = Focal length of camera used, H = Flying height from datum, h = average elevation of
terrain above the datum
Calculation:
Given:
Scale = 1: 7000
H = height of aircraft
1 0.30
=
7000 H −1200
H = 3300 m.
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Photogrammetry Question 4:
The scale of an aerial photograph is 1cm = 400m. The photograph size is 20 cm x 15 cm. if the longitudinal lap is 60% and the
side lap is 30% then calculate the number of photographs required to cover the area of size 90 Km x 60 Km.
1. 446
2. 402
3. 480
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Option 3 : 480
Concept:
N1 = L
(1−P l )×S×l
+ 1
N2 = B
(1−P b )×S×b
+ 1
where,
Pl = End-to-end overlap
Pb = sideways overlap
S = scale
l = length of photograph
b = width of photograph
B = width of ground
Calculations :
N1 = 90×1000m
(1−0.6)×(400×20)m
+ 1
N1 = 29.125 ≅30
N2= 60×1000m
(1−0.3)×(400×15)m
+ 1
N2 = 15.285 ≅ 16
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N = 30 x 16 = 480
English Get Started
Mistake Points
Don't do N = 29.125 x 15.285 = 445.17
N = 446 photos
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Photogrammetry Question 5:
A tower appears in two successive photographs taken at an altitude of 4000 m above the datum. The focal length of the
camera is 160 mm. The parallax for the top and bottom of the pole is 72 mm and 63 mm respectively. If the height of the tower
is 25 m then calculate the length of the air base(m).
Concept:
P =
fB
H −h
Where,
f = focal length
Calculation:
Given:
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P t −P b
Δh = B × f ( )
P t .P b
English Get Started
72−63
25m = B × 160( )
72×63
B = 78.75m
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A camera equipped with a 152 mm focal length lens is used to take a vertical photograph from a flying height of
2780 m above mean sea level. If the terrain is flat and located at an elevation of 500 m, the scale of the
photograph will be
1. 1 : 15000
2. 1 : 20000
3. 1 : 22000
4. 1 : 24500
Option 1 : 1 : 15000
Concept:
Scale of a Photograph:
Scale of a photograph depends on flying height of photograph, focal length of camera an the elevation of ground level with
respect to mean sea level.
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Where,
English Get Started
f = Focal length of a camera
H = Flying height
Calculation:
Given,
−3
152×10 1
S = =
2780−500 15000
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1. Nadir point
2. Principal point
3. Isocentric point
4. Plumb point
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Explanation
English Get Started
Nadir: The point of the celestial sphere directly opposite to zenith and vertically downward from the observer.
Isocentre: It is the point on the aerial photo platform that directly falls on a line half-way between the Principal point and the
Nadir point.
Principal point: The principal point is the point where the perpendicular projected through the center of the lens intersects the
photo image.
Plumb point: It is the point where a plumb line dropped from the front nodal point pierces the photograph.
Principle point & Nadir are the same for true verticle aerial image.
∴ From the figure, we can say as the isocentre is at the centre and principal point and nadir point are at radial distances.
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2. overlap in photographs
Aerial Photogrammetry refers to the photographs of ground, taken from the moving aircraft to know the ground features i.e.
determine the area of a location and height of buildings etc. Since the aircraft is moving while taking photographs there is
some parallax.
Parallax is an apparent displacement or difference of orientation of an object viewed at two different locations during vertical
aerial photography. The objects at a higher height lie closer to the camera and appear relatively larger than similar objects at a
lower elevation.
It is the shift in the position of the object because of the shift in the observer’s camera and this shift in the position of the
object is called ground relief.
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2. 60%
3. 70%
4. 75%
Option 2 : 60%
Concept:
a. Longitudinal Overlap: This overlapping of photographs along the flight strips is known as longitudinal overlap, end lap or
forward overlap. Generally it is taken as 60%.
b. Side Overlap: Two adjacent flight strips are so photographed that there is a side lap or lateral overlap. Generally it is taken
as 30%
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A section line AB appears to be 10.18 cm on photograph, for which the focal length is 18 cm. The corresponding
line measures 2.68 cm on a map, which is to a scale of 1/50000. The terrain has an average elevation of 210 m
above the sea level. The flying altitude of the aircraft above the sea level when the photo was taken is :
1. 2579.35 m
2. 2435.69 m
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4. 2896.12 m
Option 1 : 2579.35 m
Concept:
Where,
H = Flying height
Calculation:
We know that,
M ap Distance
S map =
Ground Distance
1 2.68
=
50000 Ground Distance
Also
10.18 18
=
1340 H−210
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H = 2579.35 m
English Get Started
Hence, The flying altitude of the aircraft above sea level when the photo was taken is 2579.35 m.
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Terrestrial photogrammetry deals with taking photographs from the cameras on the ground (they are fixed on a tripod or
mounted on a tower) to know the terrain of earth.
It is based on the principal that if we photograph the same location from two different points on a base line, the position of the
location can be measured the intersection of the two rays from the same point with respect to the base line
On the other hand there is aerial Photogrammetry in which photographs of ground are taken from the moving aircraft to know
the ground features i.e. determine the area of a location and height of buildings etc.
∴ The terrestrial photogrammetry is taking photographs of the earth terrain from cameras present/positioned on the ground.
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If the height of a tower is 50 m, flying height of the aircraft above the base is 5000 m and the image of the top of
the tower is 20 cm, from the principal point, what will be the height displacement?
1. 2 cm
2. 1 cm
3. 0.2 cm
4. 0.2 m
Option 3 : 0.2 cm
Concept:
Relief Displacement:
(i) Relief is the elevation of object above or below the datum. Relief displacement is the lateral
displacement (also called shift) in the position of image on the photograph of a ground object.
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Calculation:
Given,
h = 50 m, H = 5000 m, r = 20 cm
Now,
20×50
Relief displacement (d) = = 0.2 cm
5000
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A road segment of length 1 km scales 6 cm on a vertical photograph. The focal length of the camera is 150 mm.
If the terrain is nearly plain, then the flying height of the aircraft will be
1. 2500 m
2. 25 m
3. 250 km
4. 250 m
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Option 1 : 2500 m
Concept:
M ap distance f
Scale (S) = =
Ground distance H −h
Where,
H = Height of exposure station (or the airplane) above the mean sea level = flying height
M ap distance f
Scale (S) = =
Ground distance H
Calculation:
Given,
Map distance = 6 cm
Ground distance = 1 km
M ap distance f 60 150
= → =
Ground distance H 1 H
∴ H = 2.5 km = 2500 m
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Option 3 : the same ground features taken from two cameras positions
Aerial Photogrammetry refers to the photographs of ground, taken from the moving aircraft to know the ground features i.e.
determine the area of a location and height of buildings, etc.
When taking the same ground features from two different positions, the photographs may overlap.
Overlap is the amount by which area of one photograph includes the area already captured in another photograph. It is
expressed in percentage.
The photo survey is designed to acquire 60% forward overlap (between photos along the same flight line) and 30%
lateral overlap (between photos on adjacent flight lines). And hence the correction for overlap is given accordingly.
∴ The answer is the same ground features taken from two cameras positions.
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1. Four
2. Three
3. Two
4. Five
Option 3 : Two
Concept:
Terrestrial photogrammetry:
Terrestrial Photogrammetry uses photographs taken from different angles to create a three-dimensional representation
of an object or scene, which is then measured and analyzed.
In terrestrial photogrammetry, photographs are taken with the camera supported on the ground.
1. Plane-table photogrammetry
2. Terrestrial stereo photogrammetry
Plane table photogrammetry:
he plane table photogrammetry consists essentially in taking a photograph of the area to be mapped from each of the
T
two or three stations.
In terrestrial stereo photogrammetry, due to considerable improvement of accuracy obtained by the stereoscopic
measurement of pairs of photographs,
The camera base and the angles of intersection of the datum rays to the points to be measured can be considerably
reduced since the camera axes at the two stations exhibit great similarity to each other.
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