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PRACTICAL RESEARCH 1
QUARTER 4
WEEK 4

Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit

Schools Division Office of Zamboanga City

Region IX, Zamboanga Peninsula
Zamboanga City

“Unido, Junto avanza con el EduKalidad Cree, junto junto puede!”

Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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CapSLET
Capsulized Self-Learning Empowerment Toolkit

SUBJECT & Practical

QUARTER 4 WEEK 4 DAY ___________________________________
GRADE/LEVEL Research 1 dd/mm/yyyy

UNDERSTANDING DATA AND WAYS TO SYSTEMATICALLY

TOPIC
COLLECT DATA
Plans data collection, data gathering instrument, and analysis
procedures
LEARNING Code: Objective:
COMPETENCY CS_RS11-Iva-c-3  Formulate a plan on how to analyze the data
gathered
IMPORTANT: Do not write anything on this material. Write your answers on your paper.

UNDERSTAND
Title: UNDERSTANDING DATA AND WAYS TO SYSTEMATICALLY COLLECT DATA

Conducting research is indeed very challenging; you need to undergo processes and adhere to ethical Data
Analysis
Is a process of understanding data or known facts or assumptions serving as the basis of any
claims or conclusions about the research problem or research questions. In this part of doing the
research work, the primary aim is to find out if they exist or operate to give answers to the
research questions the researcher raised prior to the acts of collecting them.
In analysing data, the researcher should go through coding and collating. Coding is the act of
using symbols like letters or words to represent arbitrary or subjective data (emotions, opinions,
attitudes) to ensure secrecy or privacy of the data. Collating, on the other hand, is the way of
bringing together the coded data. Giving the data an orderly appearance is putting them in a
graph, specifically a table of responses.
Qualitative Data Analysis
In research, is defined as the range of processes and procedures used from qualitative data that
have been collected into some form of explanation, understanding or interpretation of the
people’s ideas, insights, experiences, perceptions and situation which are put under
investigation.
It is usually based on interpretative philosophy. The idea is to examine the meaningful and
symbolic content of qualitative data.
Approaches in Qualitative Data Analysis
a) Deductive Approach
 An effective approach used in research when the research questions need to group the
data and then look for similarities and differences.
 This approach is relevant when time and resources are limited.
 Applied when qualitative research is a smaller component of a larger quantitative study.
b) Inductive Approach
 An effective approach used when qualitative research is a major design of the inquiry.
 This approach highlights the use of emergent framework to group the data and then look
for relationships.

Principles of Qualitative Data Analysis

 People differ in their experience and understanding of reality .
 A social phenomenon cannot be understood outside its own context.
Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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 Qualitative research can be used to describe phenomenon or generate theory grounded on

data.
 Understanding human behavior emerges slowly and non-linearly.
 Exceptional cases may yield insights into a problem or new idea for further inquiry.

3.Discourse
Analysis

2. Narrative 4. Framework
Analysis Analysis

TYPES OF
1. Content 5. Grounded
QUALITATIVE
Analysis Theory
ANALYSIS

a. Content Analysis
 Content analysis is the procedure for the categorization of verbal or behavioural data for
the purpose of classification, summarization and tabulation. Content analysis can be
done on two levels: a. descriptive analysis, this answers the question, “what is the data?”,
on the other hand, b. interpretative content analysis focuses on the question, : “what was
meant by the data?”.
b. Narrative Analysis
 Narratives are transcribed experiences. Every interview/observation has narrative
aspect. The researchers need to sort-out and reflect on their responses, enhance them
and present them in a revised shape and clear picture to the reader. The core activity in
narrative analysis is to reformulate stories presented by people in different contexts and
based on their different experiences.
c. Discourse Analysis
 This is a method is used when analyzing a naturally occurring talk (spoken interaction)
and all types of written texts. It focuses on how people express themselves verbally in
their everyday social life i.e. how language is used in everyday situations.
d. Framework Analysis
 Familiarization: Transcribing & reading the data
 Identifying a thematic framework: Initial coding framework which is developed both
from a priori issues and from emergent issues
 Coding: Using numerical or textual codes to identify specific piece of data which
correspond to different themes
 Charting: Charts created using headings from thematic framework.
 Mapping and interpretation: Searching for patterns, associations, concepts and
explanations in the data.
e. Grounded Theory:
 This theory starts with an examination of a single case, ideas, and responses from a ‘pre-
defined’ population in order to formulate a general statement (concept or a hypothesis)
about a population. Afterwards the analyst examines another case to see whether the
hypothesis fits the statement. If it does, a further case is selected but if it doesn’t fit there
are two options that can be considered:
(a.) Either the statement is changed to fit both cases or the definition of the population
is changed in such a way that the case is no longer a member of the newly defined
population. (b.) Then another case is selected and the process continues. In such a way
one should be able to arrive at a statement that fits all cases of a population-as-defined.
Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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This method is only for limited set of analytic problems: those that can be solved with
some general overall statement.
Strategies for Analyzing Observations
 Chronology: Used to describe the order in which a series of events happened. This is
used to explain what was observed chronologically overtime, to tell the story from the
beginning to the end.
 Key events: A strategy that focuses on describing critical incidents or major events, not
necessarily in order of occurrence but in order of importance.
 Various settings: Used to describe various places, sites, settings, or locations in which
events/behaviours of interest happen.
 People: Suited when used for describing individuals, population, or groups involved in
the events.
 Process: Applied when describing a series of actions that lead to a particular result (e.g.
Control, recruitment, decision-making, socialization, communication).
 Issues: This focuses on what the people perceive, think and talk about. Illuminating key
issues – how did participants change?

The Process or Steps of Qualitative Data Analysis

 Organize the data

 Identify framework
 Sort data into framework
 Use the framework for descriptive analysis
 Second order analysis

SAQ-1. What is the importance of understanding data and ways to systematically collect data ?
SAQ-2. In your qualitative research, how will you collect and analyze data?

Let’s Practice!
(Answer on your paper.)

Recall the research topic or research problem you specified on the previous activity, including two
questions related to your chosen topic of interest. Formulate a plan on how to analyze the data you will
gather from your research topic following the chosen design and instrument. Keep in mind the
guidelines for formulating an effective data analysis. Refer to the given research problems below.
Choose one topic of interest.
a. A qualitative study about students’ perception on the inclusion of ROTC subjects in SHS
Curriculum
b. Students’ awareness on the implementation of “No Assignment Policy”
c. Factors that affect student’s choice of tracks in senior high school

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REMEMBER
Key Points

 In a qualitative research, you analyze or study data that reflect the respondents’ thoughts,
feelings, attitudes, or views about something. These are subjective data that are expressed in
words, and these words serve as the unit of analysis in a qualitative type of research. you

Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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examine these subjective data to understand how related or relevant they are to your research
problem or specific research questions.
 Data analysis in a qualitative research is a rigorous act of a thematic or theoretical organization
of ideas and information into a certain format that is capable of presenting groups of responses.
Analyzing the data and synthesizing them based on one principal idea, theory, or pattern demand
a lot of time and effort, let alone, the methodical ways you have to adhere to in presenting the
results as long written discussions containing verbal or graphical explanations of your findings.
(Letherby 2012; Silverman 2013; Litchman 2013)

TRY
Let’s see how much have you learned today!
Multiple Choice:
Directions: Read each item comprehensively. Choose the letter of your choice and write your
answers on your paper.

1. It is the range of processes and procedures whereby we move from the qualitative data that have been
collected into some form of explanation understanding or interpretation of the people and situation we
are investigating.
a. data gathering b. data analysis c. research design d. research locale
2. The value of data analysis results is determined by their connection with your ______.
a. research method b. research title c. research design d. research questions
3. A graphical presentation of data- analysis results ensures ________.
a. privacy of data b. orderliness of data
c. completeness of data d. genuineness of data
4. It is the procedure for the categorization of verbal or behavioural data for the purpose of
classification, summarization and tabulation.
a. discourse analysis b. framework analysis
c. narrative analysis d. content analysis
5. Qualitative data analysis involves five steps or processes. Which of these shows the correct steps in
data analysis?
a. organize the data, sort data into framework, identify framework, use the framework for
descriptive analysis, second order analysis
b. organize the data, identify framework, sort data into framework, use the framework for
descriptive analysis, second order analysis
c. organize the data, identify framework, use the framework for descriptive analysis, sort data
into framework, second order analysis
d. organize the data, use the framework for descriptive analysis, identify framework, sort data
into framework, second order analysis
6. This theory starts with an examination of a single case from a ‘pre-defined’ population in order to
formulate a general statement (concept or a hypothesis) about a population.
a. ground theory b. grounding theory c. grounded theory d. grounds theory
7. This is a method of analyzing a naturally occurring talk (spoken interaction) and all types of written
texts. It focuses on how people express themselves verbally in their everyday social life.
a. discourse analysis b. framework analysis
c. narrative analysis d. content analysis
8. Data analysis can be done using a deductive approach. Which of the following statements does not
refer to deductive approach in research analysis?
a. Using your research questions to group the data and then look for similarities and
differences.
b. Used when time and resources are limited.
c. Used when qualitative research is a smaller component of a larger quantitative study.
d. Using emergent framework to group the data and then look for relationships.
9. The results in qualitative data analysis are presented as ______.
a. percentages b. fractions
c. written discussions d. literary criticisms
10. Symbolizing data is preserving their _____.
a. origin b. .source c. confidentiality d. significance

Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School
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Baraceros, Esther L.2016. Practical Research 1. Sampaloc, Manila: Rex Printing

Company Inc.
REFERENCE/S
Sunday. Qualitative Data Analysis.2018.
https;//www.uwc.ac.za/Students/Postgradate/Documents/Qualitative%2520dat
a%2520analysis.pdf
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Written by: RICKY BOY B. ATILANO (SST-I) San Roque National High School