 SITUATION.

A gas is under
pressure of 21.868 bar abs at
40°C.
1) Compute the pressure, in kPaa

2) Compute the gage pressure, in

kPa
3) Compute the gas constant R, if
it has a unit weight = 362 N/m3
 4. If the unit weight (kN/m3) of a certain fluid can be expressed as W = 0.200
+ 50h. Determine the pressure at a depth of 4.5m, in kPa.
 5. Benzene at 20°C has a viscosity of 0.000651 Pa ∙ s. What shear stress (in
Pa) is required to deform this fluid at a strain rate of 4900 𝑠−1 .
 6. A thin 30cm x 30cm flat plate is pulled at 3m/s horizontally through a
3.6mm thick oil layer sandwiched between two plates, one stationary and
the other moving at a constant velocity of 0.3m/s, as shown in the figure.
The viscosity of oil is 0.027 Pa-s. Assuming the velocity in each oil layer to
vary linearly, determine the force (N) that needs to be applied on the plate
to maintain this motion.

Velocity profile
is from “no-slip
condition”

In fluid
dynamics, the
no-slip condition
for viscous
fluids assumes
that at a solid
boundary, the
fluid will have
zero velocity
relative to the
Moving in the boundary. The
same direction fluid velocity at
all fluid–solid
boundaries is
equal to that of
Moving in the solid
opposite boundary.
direction
 7. A capillary tube is immersed vertically in a water container. Knowing that
water starts to evaporate when the pressure drops below 2 kPa, determine
the tube diameter (mm) for maximum capillary rise case. Take the contact
angle at the inner wall of the tube to be 6° and the surface tension to be
1.00N/m.
 Water backs up behind a
concrete dam as shown in
figure. Leakage under the
foundation gives a pressure
distribution under the dam as
indicated. If the water depth, Wc 720,000 lbs
h, is too great, the dam will
topple over about its toe
(point A). Base your analysis
on a unit length of the dam.
The specific weight of the
concrete is 150 lb/ft3. L = 120 Fv 4,680 lbs
ft, hT = 10ft, h = 50 ft.
Determine the following: Fh1 3,120 lbs
8) Uplift Force, in lbs 224,640 lbs 78,000 lbs
Fh2
9) Righting Moment, in lb-ft
57,633,800 lb-ft 624 lb/ft2

10) Overturning Moment, in lb-ft

3,120 lb/ft2
17,773,600 lb-ft
11) Factor of Safety against
Overturning 3.243
U
224,600 lbs
 12. The 500-kg load on the hydraulic lift shown in the figure is to be raised by
pouring oil (780 kg/m3) into a thin tube. Determine how high h (in meters)
should be in order to begin to raise the weight.
  13. The crest gate shown consists of a cylindrical surface of which AB is the
base supported by a structural frame hinged at O. The length of the gate is
10m. Determine the resultant force (in kN) acting on the gate.
10 m
FV
FH = 3,678.75 kN
FV = 1,235.278 kN

Resultant, F = 3,880.607 kN
8.66 m cg
cp
FH
 14. A stone weighs 460N in air. When submerged in water, it weighs 300N.
Find the specific gravity of the stone.
 Given the laboratory results of the Atterberg Limits Test, determine the
following:
A. Liquid Limit
Test Number 1 2 3 4
Number of Blows 16 18 28 33
Weight of Wet Soil + Container, g 35.62 36.91 41.26 45.70
Weight of Dry Soil + Container, g 28.84 29.89 31.42 33.69
Weight of Container, g 10.52 12.33 11.74 11.45
Weight of Water, g
Weight of Dry Soil, g
Water Content, % LL=25𝒚 = 𝟒𝟕. 𝟒𝟕𝟗%
B. Plastic Limit and Natural Water Content
Plastic Limit Natural Water Content

Test Number 1 2 1 2
Weight of Wet Soil + Container, g 30.18 31.78 27.77 30.04
Weight of Dry Soil + Container, g 25.76 27.18 25.39 27.23
Weight of Container, g 10.52 12.33 11.74 11.45
Weight of Water, g
Weight of Dry Soil, g
Water Content, %
Average, % PL=30% MC=17.6215%

15) Liquidity Index of the soil, and its description (-0.707, semisolid state)
16)Plasticity Index of the soil, and its description (17.487%, medium plasticity)
 SITUATION. From the
following data of a soil
sample:
Sample size: 3.81cm dia. x
7.62cm ht.
Wet weight = 1.668N
Oven-dry weight = 1.400N
Specific Gravity = 2.70
Determine the following:
17) Water Content, in %
18) Dry Unit Weight, in kN/m3
19) Bulk Unit Weight, in
kN/m3
20) Void Ratio, in %
21) Degree of Saturation, in
%
 22. The backfill material for a vibroflotation project has the following grain sizes:
D10 = 0.11mm, D20 = 0.19mm, D50 = 1.3mm. Determine the suitability number and
its rating. (17.906, good)
 23. A granular soil (sand) was tested in the laboratory and was found to
have maximum and minimum void ratios of 0.84 and 0.38 respectively. The
specific gravity of the soil is 2.65. If the moisture content is 9% and its moist
unit weight is 18.64kN/m3. Determine the relative density (in %) and
designation of the granular soil. (69.526%, medium dense)

𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝒆
𝑫𝒓 =
𝒆𝒎𝒂𝒙 − 𝒆𝒎𝒊𝒏
Designation of Granular Soils
 24. Given the phase diagram shown, what is the most nearly value of the
porosity (in %)?
  SITUATION. The results of the sieve analysis of soils A, B, and C is given next. It
is required to classify these soils according to USCS.
25) Soil classification of Soil A SW
26) Soil classification of Soil B SC
27) Soil classification of Soil C CL
SOIL SAMPLE

Memorize sieve no. Diameter (mm) A B C

Percent Passing
4.760 90 100 100
2.380 64 90 100
2.000 54 77 98
0.840 34 59 92
0.420 22 51 84
0.250 17 42 79
0.149 9 35 70
0.074 5 33 63

LL - 42 47
PL - 29 24
 SITUATION. The moist unit
weights and degrees of
saturation of a soil are
given in the following
table:

𝜸 (pcf) S (%)
105.73 50
112.67 75

28. Determine the void ratio

of the soil, in percent.
29. Determine the specific
gravity of the soil solids.
  30. The following laboratory test results for Atterberg limits and particle-size
distribution (sieve analysis) were obtained for the soil.

Memorize sieve no. Opening (mm) Percent Passing (%)

4.750 80
2.000 60
0.425 30
0.075 10

Atterberg Limits
Liquid Limit 31
Plastic Limit 25

Classify the soil according to AASHTO Classification System. (A-1-b)

 The GI of soils belonging to groups A-1-a,
A-1-b, A-2-4, A-2-5, and A-3 is always
zero.