MECHANICAL

PROPERTIES OF
-

FLUIDS

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

e
.
i i t i r .

°
'
O i °
O
o o
o

°
O
.
o

° °

§
° °
WITH ,
o

o
VIKRANT KIRAR . .

HT KHARAGPUR ALUMNUS
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
SURFACE TENSION
Oil & water
do not mix

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

Oil rises up a

cotton Wick

in of
spite gravity \

Dry us wet Sap & water rise up

to the top of the trees PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
SURFACE TENSION to

FREE SURFACE f due pressure

,
[ fo -
is
molecules} Excess ;
000000000000000000000000 ←O→ O
088888888888888888888888088 I
1

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

Attractive forces
°

→→
Ii
O

← BULK
44
Net F=o on all particles

Surface molecules are not fixed. (water vs glue).

Gases are also fluid but they do not form free surface.

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
REDUCING SURFACE AREA
Pexoess
-0-00000000
-
-

9
- - - -

ya
0%88888800

!uag¥8o88888° 8%08 %8%0

-

°→
.

000000000000 o

80888888888888888¥81
n
"
H ,
db
888

18%9%0
a 88
800

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

000 008 888

I
ooo ④
808 888
°°°%* ¥8880
080 o

8888¥
00000000000000 62A
0%880%8%0800 r=
.
ooo .

- - - - -
-
-
-

D= 1.24A

Area Area 4.836 of {area 4582 ;

3=43783}
a'
'
-_
Ga = -
-

Unbalanced forces → Surface reformation → Equilibrium

Surface is always perpendicular to the forces.

No free, sharp edges in liquids.
A tendency of liquids to reduce surface area.
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
ENERGY

sµamY
O U = O

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

888888888888888888888888%888 985 u -
-
-

° Ii
←0→ U = -
10
His

Negative potential energy.

About 50% PE at the surface.

Dispersion energy for water (vaporise/evaporate) ~ 40kJ/mol

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
FORCE

€re

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

Volume of the liquid in the thin film is constant.

← d-
0000000000000
000000000000

0000000000000<-2 d -
000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000

ERK
-
-
WORK
000000000000000000000000
0000000000000000000000000
000000000000000000000000000
000000000000
000000000000 PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
0000000000000
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
FORCE

a-

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

Volume of the liquid in the thin film is constant.
=D Thickness of the film will change.

000000000000000000
→ " "←

0880
88888
00000000 000000000000000000
08888888 - F- 5.18088888888888808880800

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

F- 2. S - l UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
FORCE

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

Force = SI (xD = 25L

FEE Nlm [ MT I
-

S=

Swata = 0.075 Ntm { changes with temp }

Example : rod length --

10cm , find force

F= 2. Sl = 2×0.075×0.1

= 15×10-3 N
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
= IS MN UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
FORCE
Same force due to surface tension.

'

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

:

Equilibrium
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
SURFACE TENSION

¥: ::S:*
. siege

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

.

2.se mg
- mg
-
-

Xf m -

2-sgt-o.LY .

=
1.5g

C- off 2. se -

sina.mg
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
SURFACE TENSION

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

\

an PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
SURFACE ENERGY

:: :::

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

w

W = S . (Area)

s
wz Ia
-
-
=
.

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
SURFACE ENERGY
Calculate the work done . .

O ÷÷÷i÷÷:
'

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

-

ya
8=1 cm tooo droplets
}
4¥43 1000×4*2
'

r'- W=U= Scott )

'

÷!
'
-
-
r

075×36×5×00001
-
=
.

A. = 4th =
8.5×10-45
1000×47812=1000×47 ,÷o=
"
10×4 ITV
Az =

Az A ,
- = 36722 PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
= Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
MEASURING ST

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

= F- 5. Eat 2b]
my
Czar-32

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
DROP

[÷

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

rout

→
pout .
# R2) t s . 2AM

← Pin .
CTR)

Pout HR't s.at/R-- Pin #RX

.

Pin -

pout = 21 op -
-
E
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
R R
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
DROP
→ F

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

Pout
→
→

→ →

Pout A .
t B. 2 IT R = Pin - A

Liquid will try to minimise the surface area.

Pin -
Pour =

s¥ff
OP = 22
R

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
BUBBLE
→

row

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

-
.

→
21T R

Pin # RX
-

→
Patin #RXt 2×2*45 = .

Pin Pout
- =

4£

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
BUBBLE
£

①
→

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

-

iron
Bubble

✓ = 4#R? t =
4z#r3
4Th
A, 4 # RZXZ Az =

OA = A ,
-
Az

U = S OA. = C. OT

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
BUBBLE

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

451
USI
RA RB

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
ANGLE OF CONTACT

¥÷:

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

¥:
mercury

Cohesive force: clinging of like molecules.

Adhesive force: clinging of different molecules. axis !
-

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
ANGLE OF CONTACT

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

i
T.es
S.es a

pea
S.SI#Se.sS.sa--SeaCosotSe.s PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
CAPILLARY TUBE
"
""
""
Water rises up Mercury goes

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

inspite of gravity. Down

- acute obtuse
.

How thin the tube should be?

Hi PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
CAPILLARY TUBE
E- at
*
spherical meniscus
,

,ope.az#.F-k- t,.PatmtLpaIm-2Sztg h=PatmL2Sp=Sgh

l l
⑦ depends upon materials

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

*
l I
.pe
.

radius of
.

is the the tube

.

1, E I * a -

. -
. .
.

It

; Raso a
-

s.LI#a30=Sgh coso -
-

Sgh
¥ceso=fgh PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
CAPILLARY TUBE

Ia Caso Sgh
=

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

r, crz cry CVs

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
CAPILLARY TUBE
E- a-! OP = cos O
:-, 5=0075 Nlm

µ÷÷o,;

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

A= 0.5mm

÷:÷÷?!*
'
find " "

. "

h
J ¢ h= 3cm

fluid
never
willed
overflow
"/I PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
CAPILLARY TUBE
OP =
2£ cos O

÷i÷÷÷÷:÷:::

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

h = ha h ,
-

Sg Chih ) ¥ cos
o
2£ cos o -
=
.

ggh = 25 cos O
feta at] ,
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
CAPILLARY TUBE OP =
2£

Find force due to S.T. ¥1

#

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

. Pat .

Tito ? .

Patni
"

Fpres sure
= OP A
.

Four face tension = S - l = Skat 2b)

IF ⇐
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
CAPILLARY TUBE OP =
2£

gL÷÷

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

¥¥¥¥¥¥
Paton

Palm

OP =
Ops -1 =D flow
gravity
.

Sgh Er aso
- -
-

PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)

UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
CAPILLARY TUBE OP =
2£

:÷
"

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

m am Pa
Pa -

Ef =
Patmtfgh
Pa =
Patmtfght 2£ PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
BOAT

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

T
'

a
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
DETERGENTS

-0880820k¥

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

↳ Dirt Coins)
attwraf.tn @ oeinwertxy "

O
f f end

s o
attracts oil

•
⑧gg B
⑧gg D
Dirt is now suspended

o-
add
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
 MECHANICAL
PROPERTIES OF
FLUIDS

SPACE FOR EXTRA NOTES

t t
'

i i r
.

e
.

°
'
O i °
O
o o
o

°
O
.
o

)
yµ#
°

4 WITH
°
o
°
:
±
o

o
VIKRANT KIRAR o
at
#
share
o

HT KHARAGPUR ALUMNUS
PLEASE DONATE AND SUPPORT ME :)
UPI address: crashup@upi
Patreon.com/CrashUp Paypal.me/CrashUpNow
crashup crashupnow vikrantkirar
 B

Support FREE Education \

Join CrashUp membership

2¥ 4T at El 4¥