SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS EFFECTS TO THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS IN LEONARD

YOUNG SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Submited By:
Lynn Ericka R. Guisihan
Jodi arthessa L. Labarete
Gheya C. Lim
Rosenie E. Matuguina
Rosenie E. Matuguina
 Abstract

Nowadays, sleep deprivation has been a prominent and relevant issue

for most students. Many studies in the past have already proved that adequate

sleep is vital to academic success, however, there’s no consensus that all

studies have the same claims. This study determined the effects of sleep

deprivation on the academic performance of the senior high students in Leonard

Young Sr. National High School. Specifically, it sought to answer the following

(1) the level of effects of sleep deprivation to the cognitive aspect and emotional

aspect (2) the significant effects of sleep deprivation to the students’’ academic

performance. A researchers-made questionnaire was utilized by 120

respondents. The statistical treatment used consisted of frequency, percentage,

ranking and mean. The results showed that the number of hours of sleep

negatively affected the students’ Cognitive aspect such as the ability to think

clearly, memorize, and process thoughts. Results also showed that sleep

deprivation negatively affected the emotional aspect of students such as getting

easily mad, frustrated, anxious and lonely. Furthermore, the results showed that

the students agreed about the significant effects of sleep deprivation such as the

difficulty of answering quizzes, exam and performing tasks.

 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Firstly, the researchers would like to express their deep and sincere

gratitude to their research researcher who made this work possible. His guidance

and advice carried them through all the stages of making their research. They

thank him for his empathy, patience, wisdom and an undeniable great sense of

humor. It was a great privilege to work and study under his guidance.

The researchers’ gratitude also extends to their benevolent school

principal, for allowing them conduct their research among the Senior High

students in their vicinity. Also, their research study would have not been

successful without the help of Senior High advisers who have given their consent

for the participation of the selected Senior High students.

The researchers’ appreciation also goes to the respondents of their study

who have given them their full cooperation, knowledge and time. Through their

help, their research study achieved its smooth completion.

The researchers would also like to give their special and bona fide thanks

to their dearest parents for their deep and undying support, financially and

emotionally throughout the making of their research study.

Finally, the researchers would like to praise and thank God, The Almighty,

for the countless blessings He showered upon them. For letting them through all

the difficulties. They have experienced His guidance day by day. They will keep

on trusting Him in the future.

 TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminary Pages Page

Title page i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iii
Table of contents iv
List of tables v
List of figures vi
CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Hypotheses of the Study 4
Significance of the Study 4
Scope and Delimitation of the Study 5
Definition of Terms 5

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature and Studies 7
Synthesis 17

Conceptual Framework 21

III. METHODOLOGY
Research Design 22
Locale of the Study iv 24
Respondents of the Study 24
Research Instruments
 Data Gathering Procedures 25
Statistical Treatment 26

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Profile of the Respondents 27
Effects of Sleep Deprivation to the Cognitive Aspect 29
Emotional aspect, and Academic Performance

V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY
Summary of Findings 33
Conclusion 33
Recommendations 34

References
Appendices
A Letter to the School’s Principal 38
B Questionnaire on the Profile of the Respondents 39
And Effects of Sleep Deprivation
To the Cognitive aspect, Emotional Aspect
and Academic Performance of the
Students

Curriculum Vitae 41
 LIST OF TABLES

Table Description Page

1 Respondents of the Study 25

2 Sleep Deprivation to the Academic 27
Performance of the students
3 (Profile of the Respondents) Gender 27
3a (Profile of the Respondents) Age 27
3b (Profile of the Respondents) Grade Level 28
3c (Profile of the Respondents) Strand 28
3d (Profile of the Respondents) 1 st GA 29
8 Effects of Sleep Deprivation to the Cognitive 31
Aspect, Emotional Aspect, and Academic
Performance of the Students
 LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Description Page

1 Conceptual Framework 21
2 Research Design 23
 Chapter I
THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction

According to the National Heart, Lungs, and Blood Institute (NIHLB), sleep

plays a vital role in our health and well-being. It repairs the body, supports growth

development and maintains immune system. Everyone is suggested to have an

inadequate sleep which is a duration of seven to nine hours every night.

However, young adults – especially students, often take it for granted and not

giving its right and enough amount of importance.

Students’ likelihood in sleep inadequacy has a broad range of factors. The

major ones have to deal with insomnia or any medical problems, poor sleep

Hygiene, and overuse of phones and social media, and sometimes, doing

Homework and being bombarded with school works. It is common for students

with insomnia to suffer from mental health problems such as chronic fatigue,

depression, stress, lower optimism, anxiety and a lower quality of life (Rowlands,

2008). Some of the symptoms of poor sleep hygiene show having a hard time

falling asleep experiencing frequent sleep disturbances, and suffering daytime

sleepiness. While the overuse phone that is related to internet addition is one of

the most common reasons among the students owing to the fact that they spend

a huge amount of time scrolling through any social media platform and not to

mention, the disadvantages of phone’s radiation that researcher from the US and

Sweden have found in a study, that radiations emitting from mobile phones
cause headache and interrupt vital sleep patterns. Lastly, for some cases who

value their academics, students being sleep-deprived has something to do with

their homework and school works, in fact, according to an article (The Effects of

Homework Can Have on Students’ Sleeping Habits) “what’s preventing adequate

teen sleep” states that “homework or schoolwork is probably the biggest factor

that keeps teen from getting enough sleep.” Students sometimes have much

school works that they don’t have enough time to do everything else they need to

do that day. As a result, their schedules are frequently disrupted by sleeping. And

also, most students tend to procrastinate that makes the situation worse.

Many studies have claimed that the quality of sleep can be associated

with students’ declining academic performance like the study conducted by

Angela Gomez Fronseca and Liza Genzal on 2019, it proposed that depression,

agitation, apathy and poor brain function are some of the effects of sleep

deprivation. However, not all studies have the same claims and support the same

conclusion in fact, Sweileh and colleagues believes that there is no relationship

between sleep quality and academic success. With these different and opposing

claims being stated, this research will be conducted with the aim to know the

connection between the two; If sleep deprivation really affects the academic

performance of the Senior High Students in LYSNHS.

Statement of the Problem

This study was directed towards its main objectives about sleep

deprivation and its effects on the academic performance among the Senior High

students of Leonard Young Senior National High School.

Specifically, it sought to answer the following questions:

1. How may the demographic profile of the students be described in terms of:

1.1 Sex

1.2 Age

1.3 Grade Level

1.4 Strand

1.5 First (1st) grading general average

2. What is the level of effects of sleep deprivation to the Senior High students of

Leonard Young Sr. National High School in terms of:

2.1 Cognitive Aspect

2.2 Emotional Aspect

3. Does sleep deprivation has significant effects on the academic performance of

the selected students of Leonard Young Sr. National High School

Hypotheses of the Study

The following alternative hypotheses were tested at 0.5 level of significance.

Ho2: the students will strongly disagree to the level of effects of sleep deprivation

to the academic performance of senior high students are low

Ho3: there are no significant effects of sleep deprivation to the academic

performance of senior high students

Significance of the Study

The result of the study is beneficial to help the following:

 Learners. Specifically, the Senior High students in LYSNHS will be more

aware on what is sleep deprivation and as to how it affects their academic

performance. Hence, this will encourage the students to value sleep and

avoid several causes of it such as, overusing phones, drinking too much

caffeine, etc.

 Teachers. This study could help the teachers realize and come up with a

conclusion that most of their students who are sleep deprived most likely

to get low grades.

 Parents. The result of the study could be an eye opener to the parents to

implement strict regulations which persuade their children to sleep early

and adequately.
  Future researchers. The findings of the study could be helpful to the

future researchers and pave the way for more expounded studies on the

similar field.

Scope and Delimitation of the Study

This study was delimited to the effects of sleep deprivation to the

academic performance of Senior High students in Leonard Young Sr. National

High School. This study involved the Grade 11 and Grade 12 students under all

strands. Every strand from each levels had 15 respondents with a total of 120

student respondents.

Definition of Terms

The following terms were defined both theoretically and operationally with

the aim to provide the readers a clearer understanding of the study being

proposed.

Sleep Deprivation – A state caused by inadequate amount of sleep

Inadequate Sleep – less than 6 hours duration of sleep

Adequate Sleep – 7-9 hours duration of sleep

Emotional aspect -- Moods, feelings, and emotions of a person/s

Cognitive Aspect – thinking processes and mental procedures involved in the

learning process
Academic Performance- The measurement of students’ achievement across

various academic subjects.

Students – The Senior High students in Leonard Young Sr. National High

School who serve as the respondents of this study.

 Chapter II

This chapter is a discussion of the literature and the result of other

researchers to which the present study is related and relevant after the thorough

and in-depth search done by the researchers. This chapter also presents the

synthesis of the art and conceptual framework to fully understand the research.

Review of Related Literature

Sleep
According to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke,

Sleep is a vital function that lets your body and mind rest---you spend about one-

third of your time doing it. Adequate sleep is an essential to survival as food and

water, as it helps the body remain healthy and stave off disease. Without enough

sleep, the brain cannot function properly. This can impair your abilities to

concentrate, think clearly, and process memories.

An internal body clock is the science behind sleep. This clock regulates

your sleep cycle controlling when you feel tired and ready for bed or refreshed

and alert. It operates on a 24-hour cycle known as the circadian rhythm. After

waking up from sleep, you’ll become increasingly tired throughout the day. These

feelings will peak in the evening leading up to bed time. This sleep drive – also

known as sleep wake homeostasis – may be linked to adenosine, an organic

compound produced in the brain. Adenosine levels increase throughout the day
as you become more tired, and then the body breaks down this compound during

sleep. Light also influences circadian rhythm. The brain contains special region of

nerve cells known as the hypothalamus, and a cluster of cells in the

hypothalamus called superchiasmatic nucleus, which processes signals when

the eyes are exposed to natural or artificial light. These signals help the brain

determine whether it is day or night. As natural light disappears in the evening,

the body will release melatonin, a hormone that induces drowsiness. When the

sun rises in the morning, the body will release hormone known as cortisol that

promotes energy and alertness. For most adults, at least seven hours of sleep

each night is needed for proper cognitive and behavioral functions. An insufficient

amount of sleep can lead to serious repercussions. Sleep deprivation leaves

people vulnerable to attention lapses, reduced cognition, delayed reactions, and

mood shifts. (Singh, 2022).

Sleep Deprivation

Sleep deprivation is a general term to describe a state caused by

inadequate quantity or quality of sleep, including voluntary or involuntary

sleeplessness and circadian rhythm sleep disorders. Drummond and Mckeanna

(2009) stated that “sleep deprivation in humans can be broadly classified into

categories: total deprivation, partial sleep deprivation, and sleep fragmentation.”

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sleep

deficiency can lead to physical and mental health problems, injuries, loss of

productivity, and even greater likelihood of death. Sleep deficiency can interfere
with work, school, driving, and social functioning. You might have trouble

learning, focusing, and reacting. Also, you might find it hard to judge and other

people’s emotions and reactions. The symptoms of sleep deprivation may differ

between children and adults. Children who are sleep deprived might be overly

active and have problems paying attention. They also might misbehave, and their

school performance can suffer. Sleep deprivation is linked to many chronic heart

problems, including heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure,

diabetes, stroke, obesity, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also linked to a

higher chance of injury in adults, teens, and children. For example, sleepiness

while driving (not related to alcohol) is responsible for serious crash car crash

injuries and death. In other adults, sleep deprivation may be linked to a higher

chance of falls and broken bones. Sleep deprivation has also played a role in

human mistakes linked to tragic accidents, such as nuclear reactor meltdowns,

grounding of large ships, and plane crashes.

In addition, being sleep deprived effects both the brain and cognitive

function. Besides, the many physical consequences of insufficient sleep, perhaps

the most important consequences of sleep deprivation are deficits in working

memory and attention. It appears that carrying out tasks that require attention is

in direct correlation to the number of hours the person sleep each night, with

these functions declining with the number of hours sleep deprivation. According

to the Journal of Neuropsychiatry and Clinical Resources, the quality of sleep

that one receives depends on two factors, basal sleep and sleep debt. Basal

sleep is the accumulated sleep that is lost to poor sleep behaviors, illness,
environmental factors, or other causes. Sleep debt results lowered quality, but

the two work concurrently. Although some people may feel rested with a few

hours of sleep per night, studies show that reduced hours of sleep is associated

with low performance on complex mental tasks. For college students’

performance in complex task is important due to critical thinking atmosphere

encouraged by the academic environment. Sleep deprived adults are not only

affecting their capacity for critical thinking, those who do not meet sleep

requirements also have a higher risk of mortality.

Sleep deprivation is a common problem in society and can have serious

consequences on both physical and mental health. Insufficient sleep time is

particularly common in undergraduate students. Pace Schott et al (2009) found

that the average sleep duration among high school and university students has

drastically decreased over the last 30 years. Countless studies have been

performed that indicate body organs and systems are greatly affected by such

sleep loss. The optimal amount for a teenager is approximately 9 hours If a

teenager sleeps less than nine hours then they may experience sleep

deprivation. Hence, a student's academic ability, behavior, or physical potential

can be affected by sleep deprivation. Hence, a student's grades will drop if they

continually miss sleep (Noland 225, Epstein; School of public health 18). While,

Prof. Amy Johnson from Gorstein indicated in her article, Sleep Deprivation and

Effects on Everyday Life, when an individual is tired and fatigued, it causes

pessimism, sadness, stress and anger. Lack of sleep affects the brain's ability to

solve problems. Everyday people are faced with the simple problems. Everyday
people are forced with simple problems that need to be solved, but sleep

deprivation makes it much more difficult for people to complete the tasks.

Sleep Deprivation on the Academic Performance

All students are required to maintain a satisfactory academic record and

meet the obligations.

Many studies in the past have shown that sleep deprivation does correlate with

poor academic performance because of lower abilities in cognition as a result of

poor sleep quality in the study done by Gilbert and Weaver (2010), the two

researchers have found that sleep loss interferes with the students' academic,

extracurricular and vocational choices. They also found out that the amount of

hours student sleep in a 24- hour cycle has greatly decreased over the years

while sleep dissatisfaction have increased in a similar conclusion, a study

conducted by the students of Dominican University of California led by Natile

Guadania, claimed that sleep deprivation can result in greater procedural errors

which places the clients at risk Insufficient sleep negatively affects the nervous

system, resulting in poor brain function Because of the cognitive decline that is

associated with sleep deprivation, academic performance is often decreased

On the contrary, Shot and Banks (2014), stated that an experiment failed

to show that sleep deprivation has a high impact on academic performance.

Moreover the participants in the experiment did not possess cognitive skill

deficits or poor sustained attention. Hence, an individual's subjective feelings of

sleepiness and alertness is not a reliable source in assessing one's cognitive or

behavioral impairments. Research done by Sweileh and colleagues on 2011 also

support the same claim wherein it claimed that there was no significant

association between sleep quality and academic achievement.

Sleep Deprivation on the Mental Health

Student life is never easy. You have a lot of responsibilities as a student,

one of which is getting grades Due to homework and examinations, students are

under pressure to spend a considerable portion of their nights According to

research proposed by the journal Annals of Human Biology, sleep deprivation

puts students ate risk of depression and high levels of stress The study showed

that over 65.5% of students have a poor- quality sleep associated with mental

health challenges, including severe stress. It also revealed that students who

suffer from depression are four times as likely to be sleep deprived. Similarly,

Stanford Medicine News Center reports that the founder of the Stanford Sleep

Disorders Clinic stated that "I think high school life is the real danger spot in

terms of sleep deprivation" said William Dement, MD, Ph.D. Sleep deprivation is

a real problem for high school students, and Stanford Medicine News Center

continues on this topic by commenting. "Sleep deprivation increases teens will

suffer myriad negative consequences, including an ability to concentrate, poor

grades, anxiety, depression, thoughts of suicide and even suicide attempts which

makes it harder for the students who cannot afford therapy or consulting into a

psychologist.
The brain

Sleep deprivation adversely affects the brain and cognitive function. A

study completed by the Veterans Affairs Healthcare System in San Diego

monitored activity on the brains of sleep-deprived people whilst they performed

basic verbal learning tasks by using functional magnetic imaging (FMI) The result

showed that in sleepier subjects more activity was found in certain areas of the

prefrontal cortex of the brain. They were able to infer from these results that the

brains of sleep deprived people were trying to compensate for the adverse

effects created by sleep deprivation. Levels of brain activity change in each stage

of sleep-including both rapid eye movement (REM) and non-REM sleep-and

evidence increasingly suggests that sleep enhances most type of cognitive

functions. Getting enough hours of high-quality sleep fosters attention and

concentration which are perquisite for most learning. Sleep also supports

numerous other aspects of thinking including memory problem-solving, creativity,

emotional processing and judgment.

Sleep on Cognitive Aspect

Sleep is vital to ensure normal human cognitive performance. According to

the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sleep deficiency can lead to

physical and mental health problems, injuries, loss of productivity, and even

greater likelihood of death. Sleep deficiency can interfere with work, school,

driving, and social functioning. You might have trouble learning, focusing, and
reacting. Also, you might find it hard to judge and other people’s emotions and

reactions. The symptoms of sleep deprivation may differ between children and

adults. Children who are sleep deprived might be overly active and have

problems paying attention. They also might misbehave, and their school

performance can suffer. Sleep deprivation is linked to many chronic heart

problems, including heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure,

diabetes, stroke, obesity, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also linked to a

higher chance of injury in adults, teens, and children. For example, sleepiness

while driving (not related to alcohol) is responsible for serious crash car crash

injuries and death. In other adults, sleep deprivation may be linked to a higher

chance of falls and broken bones. Sleep deprivation has also played a role in

human mistakes linked to tragic accidents, such as nuclear reactor meltdowns,

grounding of large ships, and plane crashes

Similar studies have been done to assess stress as a consequence of

sleep deprivation. A study conducted by James Madison University worked with

124 college students, and results revealed that over 50 percent of the students

reported high levels of stress that was related to academic workload at time

management. Paris (2014) narrates that the brain events known as sharp wave

ripples are linked to the consolidating memory. The ripples often pass data from

the hippocampus to the brain's neocortex, where long term memories are

processed Mostly during the deepest stages of sleep, sharp waves ripple occurs.

Consequently, interpretations of events and judgments is affected. It is said that

sleep-deprived people are prone to judgments. While inadequate sleep declines

vigilance and weakens interest that results in a reduction of cognitive processing.

The deficiency of sleep inhibits the function of the brain structures, which is

perilous to rational thinking.

Sleep on Emotional Aspect

According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sleep

deficiency can lead to physical and mental health problems, injuries, loss of

productivity, and even greater likelihood of death. Sleep deficiency can interfere

with work, school, driving, and social functioning. You might have trouble

learning, focusing, and reacting. Also, you might find it hard to judge and other

people’s emotions and reactions. The symptoms of sleep deprivation may differ

between children and adults. Children who are sleep deprived might be overly

active and have problems paying attention. They also might misbehave, and their

school performance can suffer. Sleep deprivation is linked to many chronic heart

problems, including heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure,

diabetes, stroke, obesity, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also linked to a

higher chance of injury in adults, teens, and children. For example, sleepiness

while driving (not related to alcohol) is responsible for serious crash car crash

injuries and death. In other adults, sleep deprivation may be linked to a higher

chance of falls and broken bones. Sleep deprivation has also played a role in

human mistakes linked to tragic accidents, such as nuclear reactor meltdowns,

grounding of large ships, and plane crashes

“There’s a big relationship between psychiatric and psychological problems

and sleep. So, people who are depressed or have anxiety often have trouble with
sleep as part of those disorders” says Dr. Lawrence Eipstein, Medical director of

Sleep Health Centers.

Local literature and studies

In a Philippine newspaper-The Philippine Daily Inquirer stated that Filipinos

are the most self-deprived people in Asia. According to their research, sleep

deprivation in the Philippines affects half of the population or close to 0 million

Filipinas, who sleep less than six hours a day.

Every student should have about eight to ten hours of sleep before taking

an examination to have a better performance and adding a nap in the afternoon

will also help improve the memory. The more we study the effects of sleep

deprivation, the more we could find the importance of a good sleep resulting to

achieve a better memory and improved learning. Sleep loss means mind loss. It

reduces critical thinking, messes up memory and mood, retards reasoning, and

shutters quantitative skills.

A few Filipino grade 12 students led by Eyz Pablo conducted a research

about sleeping habits, classroom behavior, and academic performance of senior

high school students findings revealed that 88 percent of the students were sleep

deprived. Two of the reasons of sleeping late were using of Facebook and

Messenger account, and playing mobile games. The third was making

assignments and homework. The most prevalent classroom behaviors were

students were sleepy during the class discussions and they slept in class during
vacant periods and the third prevalent behavior was they felt tired during classes.

They concluded that high occurrence of sleepiness classroom behavior is

associated to low academic performance. Meanwhile, a group of researchers

from Ustp Oroquieta University hold a study of the effects of sleep deprivation

towards their academic performance and later on proved the same claim.

However, students of Lyceum of the Philippines synthesized that has a

contradicting claim since it stated that an Individual's subjective feelings of

sleepiness are not a reliable source in assessing one's cognitive or behavioral

impairments.

Synthesis

Sleep is a vital function that lets your body and mind rest---you spend

about one-third of your time doing it. Adequate sleep is an essential to survival as

food and water, as it helps the body remain healthy and stave off disease.

Without enough sleep, the brain cannot function properly. This can impair your

abilities to concentrate, think clearly, and process memories. According to the

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, sleep deficiency can lead to

physical and mental health problems, injuries, loss of productivity, and even

greater likelihood of death. Sleep deficiency can interfere with work, school,

driving, and social functioning. You might have trouble learning, focusing, and

reacting. Also, you might find it hard to judge and other people’s emotions and

reactions. The symptoms of sleep deprivation may differ between children and

adults. Children who are sleep deprived might be overly active and have

problems paying attention. They also might misbehave, and their school
performance can suffer. Sleep deprivation is linked to many chronic heart

problems, including heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure,

diabetes, stroke, obesity, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also linked to a

higher chance of injury in adults, teens, and children. For example, sleepiness

while driving (not related to alcohol) is responsible for serious crash car crash

injuries and death. In other adults, sleep deprivation may be linked to a higher

chance of falls and broken bones. Sleep deprivation has also played a role in

human mistakes linked to tragic accidents, such as nuclear reactor meltdowns,

grounding of large ships, and plane crashes. According to the Centers for

Disease Control and Prevention, sleep deficiency can lead to physical and

mental health problems, injuries, loss of productivity, and even greater likelihood

of death. Sleep deficiency can interfere with work, school, driving, and social

functioning. You might have trouble learning, focusing, and reacting. Also, you

might find it hard to judge and other people’s emotions and reactions. The

symptoms of sleep deprivation may differ between children and adults. Children

who are sleep deprived might be overly active and have problems paying

attention. They also might misbehave, and their school performance can suffer.

Sleep deprivation is linked to many chronic heart problems, including heart

disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure, diabetes, stroke, obesity, and

depression. Sleep deprivation is also linked to a higher chance of injury in adults,

teens, and children. For example, sleepiness while driving (not related to alcohol)

is responsible for serious crash car crash injuries and death. In other adults,

sleep deprivation may be linked to a higher chance of falls and broken bones.
Sleep deprivation has also played a role in human mistakes linked to tragic

accidents, such as nuclear reactor meltdowns, grounding of large ships, and

plane crashes. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,

sleep deficiency can lead to physical and mental health problems, injuries, loss of

productivity, and even greater likelihood of death. Sleep deficiency can interfere

with work, school, driving, and social functioning. You might have trouble

learning, focusing, and reacting. Also, you might find it hard to judge and other

people’s emotions and reactions. The symptoms of sleep deprivation may differ

between children and adults. Children who are sleep deprived might be overly

active and have problems paying attention. They also might misbehave, and their

school performance can suffer. Sleep deprivation is linked to many chronic heart

problems, including heart disease, kidney disease, high blood pressure,

diabetes, stroke, obesity, and depression. Sleep deprivation is also linked to a

higher chance of injury in adults, teens, and children. For example, sleepiness

while driving (not related to alcohol) is responsible for serious crash car crash

injuries and death. In other adults, sleep deprivation may be linked to a higher

chance of falls and broken bones. Sleep deprivation has also played a role in

human mistakes linked to tragic accidents, such as nuclear reactor meltdowns,

grounding of large ships, and plane crashes

In a study done by Gilbert and Weaver (2010), the two researchers found

that sleep interferes with student's academic performance. The past study is

particularly related to the present study since they identified the effect of sleep

deprivation on the academic performance. Their study which is distinctively

related to the present study. cited that sleep deprived individuals also have

difficulty in retrieving words which affects their communication, and alertness.

However, all these skills are affected by lack of sleep.

Moreover, a study by Natalie Guadania, stated that the quality of sleep

directly affects the quality of productivity, emotional balance, creativity and

physical vitality, as same to what the present study points out likewise, a study

conducted by the high school students of USTP-Oroquieta also conducted the

similar motive as the present study, in which they search thoroughly about the

effects of sleep deprivation on the students academic performance, just differ in

respondents and local of the study since their respondents are grade 11 GAS

students while the present study revolve in grade 12 HUMSS students in

Leonard Young Sr. National High school.

On the other side. Shot and Banks (2014), stated that an experiment

failed to show that sleep deprivation has a high impact on academic

performance. The spament showed that the sleep deprived participants in an

experiment did not possess cognitive skill deficits or poor sustained attention.

Hence, sleep quality of the students is not art enough base in assessing one's

cognitive impairments.
 Conceptual Framework

This part presents the variables that are relevant to the study being

conducted. The dependent variable of the study was the academic performance

of the students while the independent variable was the sleep deprivation.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Academic
Performance
Sleep Deprivation

Figure 1 Conceptual Framework

 Chapter III
METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the methods employed in this study. This included

the research design, locale of the study, respondents, research instrument, and

its validation, data gathering procedure, scoring and data quantification and

statistical treatment.

Research Design
This study utilized a causal-comparative research design. It compares the

two groups of various or between the associations of groups that examines the

effect between the independent variable and dependent variable. Causal-

comparative design is used to compare and describe the effects of utilization of

Sleep Deprivation to the academic performance of Senior High students in

Leonard Young Sr. National High School.

This paper covered the Grade 11 and 12 selected students in Leonard Young

Sr. National High School.

 Figure 2 Research Design

SLEEP DEPRIVATION AND ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

AMONG THE SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS IN
LEONARD YOUNG SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

LOCALE OF THE STUDY

Leonard Young Sr. National High
School
FIGURE 2

RESPONDENTS OF THE STUDY

Senior High students from
Leonard Young Sr. National
Sleep Deprivation High School

RESEARCH INSTRUMENTS

Questionnaires
1. Profile of the Students
2. Cognitive aspect, emotional
aspect, and academic
performance

Data Gathering Procedures

Statistical Treatment
Academic Frequency
Performance
Percentage
 Ranking

Improved sleep habits and academic performance of senior

high students in Leonard Young Sr. National High School
Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted at Leonard Young Sr. National High School

in South Glan District in Big Margus Glan Srangani Province.

Leonard Young Sr. National High School is located in Purok Pangi, Big Margus,

Glan Sarngani Province, 35 kilometers away from the municipality proper. The

school is offering classes from Grade 7 through Grade 10 and is offering K to 12

aligned Technical Vocational Courses namely: Aqua fishes and Agriculture

(AFA), Beauty Care, cookery, Electrical Installation and Maintenance (EIM), and

Shielded Metal Arc Welding (SMAW), The School also offering Academic Track

namely: Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS), and Accountancy Business

and Management (ABM).

Respondents of the Study

The respondents of the study are selected Grade 12 students of Leonard

Young Sr. National High School who are officially enrolled for the school year

2022-2023. Table 1 shows the sample for this study and the total population of
students. In selecting the sample, simple random sampling will be used. The

students respondents consist of One-Twenty (120) Senior High students to use

as a sample for population.

Table 1

Respondents of the Study

GRADE LEVEL

SCHOOL 12 11 TOTAL

M F M F

LEONARD YOUNG 26 34 26 34 120

SR. NATIONAL HIGH

SCHOOL

Research Instruments

Researchers used survey questionnaire in gathering data. In choosing

this, the researchers created a 16-item survey-questionnaire using a 5 point

scale with the following numerical values to indicate the effects of sleep
deprivation with the statement as follows: 5= (strongly agree), 4= (agree), 3=

(moderate), 2=(disagree), 1=(strongly disagree).

Data gathering Procedures

Before the conduct of this study, the researchers will write a letter of

approval to the School Principal. The approved letter will be sent to the adviser of

the respondent of Leonard Young Sr. High School.

Upon approval by the respective principal, the researchers will solicit cooperation

to the Senior High students to gather respondents. The researchers will explain

the objectives of this study and later on, distribute the questionnaires. After the

given time, survey instruments will be collected and answers will be checked and

tallied.

Statistical Treatment

To analyse and interpret the data, the researcher employed the following

statistical procedure:

In determining the profile/demography of the respondents, frequency,

percentage and ranking was used.

In evaluating the effects of sleep deprivation to the cognitive aspect,

emotional aspect and the academic performance of the students, mean was

used.
 Chapter IV

PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

This chapter presents, analyse, and interprets the data collected in line

with the utilization of the effects of sleep deprivation to the academic

performance of Senior High students in Leonard Young Senior National High

School.

Profile of the Respondents

Sex: Table 2 shows that 55 out of 120 respondents (45.83%) are male, and 65

out of 120 respondents (54.16) are female. Based on the findings, majority of the

respondents are female (54.16%).

Sex Frequency percentage ranking

 Male 55 45.83% 2

Female 65 54.16% 1

Total 120 100%

Age: Table 3 shows that 61 out of 120 respondents (50.83%) are 16-17 years old

and 59 out of 120 respondents are 18-19 years old (49.16%). Based on the

findings, majority of the respondents (50.83%) are 16-7 years old.

Age Frequency Percentage Rank

16-17 61 50.83% 1

18-19 59 49.16% 2

Total 120 100%

Grade level. Table 4 shows that 60 out of 120 respondents (50%) are grade 11

students and 60 out of 120 respondents (50%) are Grade 12 students. Based on

the findings, the questionnaires was distributed to all grade levels equally.

Grade level Frequency Percentage Ranking

11 60 60% 1

12 60 60% 1

Total 120 100%

Strand: Table 5 shows that 30 out of 120 respondents (25%) are under the

strand HUMSS, 30 (25%) are under the strand TVL, another 30 (25%) are under
the strand Agriculture and another 30 (25%) are under the strand ABM. Based on

the findings, the questionnaire was distributed to all strands equally.

Strand Frequency percentage Ranking

Humss 30 25% 1

Tvl 30 25% 1

Agriculture 30 25% 1

Abm 30 25% 1

Total 120 100%

1st Grading General Average. Table 6 shows that 34 out of 120 respondents

(28.33%) have a 1st general average that ranges from 80-85%, 76 out of 120

respondents (63.33%) have a 1st grading general average that ranges from 86-

90% and 10 out of 120 respondents (8.33%) have a 1 st grading general average

that ranges from 91-95%. Based on the findings, majority of the respondents

have a 1st grading general average that ranges from 86-90% (63.33%).

General average frequency Percentage Ranking

80-85 34 28.33% 2
86-90 70 58.33% 1
91-95 16 13.33% 3
Total 120 100%

Effects of Sleep Deprivation to the Cognitive and Emotional aspect, and

academic performance of the students
 This study evaluated the level of effects of sleep deprivation to the

cognitive and emotional aspect of the students. Table 6 show the results.

As evaluated by the students, they agreed to level of the effects of sleep

deprivation to the cognitive aspect of the students with a mean of 3.68. They

agreed in finding it difficult to memorize things when sleep deprived with a mean

of 3.71. They agreed in finding it difficult to focus and concentrate when sleep

deprived with a mean of 3.76. They agreed in finding it difficult to think clearly

when sleep deprived with a mean of 3.76. They agreed in easily getting

distracted when sleep deprived with a mean of 3.69 and they agreed in finding it

difficult to process thoughts and understanding things when sleep deprived with a

mean of 3.51.

In emotional aspect, the students agreed to the level of effects of sleep

deprivation to their emotional aspect with a mean of 3.58. They were neutral in

getting easily mad and irritated when sleep deprived with a mean of 2.90. They

strongly agreed in easily getting tired when sleep deprived with a mean of 4.28.

They strongly agreed in easily getting stressed when sleep deprived with a mean

of 4.28. They were neutral in easily getting lonely with a mean of 3.00. They

agreed in easily getting anxious when sleep deprived with a mean of 3.48.

Lastly, the students agreed to the level of effects of sleep deprivation to

their academic performance with a mean of 3.76. They agreed in finding it

difficult to pay attention throughout the class when sleep deprived with a mean of

3.87. They agreed in finding it difficult to understand and memorize things when
sleep deprived with a mean of 3.89. They agreed in finding it difficult to do

assignments and school requirements when sleep deprived with a mean of 3.78.

They agreed in finding it difficult to answer during quizzes when sleep deprived

with a mean of 3.87. They agreed in finding it difficult in answering during exams

when sleep deprived with a mean of 3.60 and they also agreed in performing

tasks greatly when sleep deprived with a mean of 3.61. Thus, this led to the

rejection of the null hypothesis that that sleep deprivation has significant effects

to the academic performance of the students.

To summarize, the students agreed on the effects of sleep deprivation to

both cognitive and emotional aspect and also, they agreed to the effects of sleep

deprivation to their academic performance.

Table 7
Effects of Sleep Deprivation to the Academic Performance of Senior High
students
Evaluative statement Mean Description
Cognitive Aspect
I find it difficult to memorize things 3.71 agree
I find it difficult to focus and concentrate 3.76 agree
I find it difficult to think clearly 3.76 agree
I easily get distracted 3.69 agree
I find it difficult to process thoughts and 3.51 agree
understand things
Mean 3.68 agree
Emotional Aspect
I easily get angry and irritated 2.90 neutral
I easily get tired 4.28 strongly agree
I easily get stressed 4.28 strongly agree
I easily get lonely 3.00 neutral
I easily get anxious 3.48 agree
Mean 3.58 3.58
Academic performance
I find it difficult to pay attention throughout the 3.87 agree
class

I find it difficult to understand and memorize the 3.89 agree

lessons or topics being taught
I find it difficult to do assignments and school 3.78 agree
requirements
I find it difficult to answer during quizzes 3.87 agree
I find it difficult to answer during exams 3.60 neutral
I find it difficult to perform tasks greatly 3.61 agree
Mean 3.76 agree
Legend:
4.21-5.00 – strongly Agree

3.41-4.20 – agree

2.61- 3.40 – Neutral

1.81-2.60 – disagree

1.00- 1.80 – strongly disagree

 Chapter V
SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS

This chapter presents the summary of findings, conclusions and

recommendations of the study

Summary of the Findings

Based on the results of the study the following findings were drawn.

1. Profile of the respondents

1. Majority of the respondents were female with a total of 65 (54.16%) and

minority were male with a total of 55 (45.83)

1.2 majority of the respondents were aged 16-17 with a total of 61 (50.83%) and

minority of the respondents were aged 18-19 with a total of 59 (49.16%)

1.3 60 out of 120 respondents (50%) were grade 11 and 60 out of 120

respondents (50%) were grade 12.

1.4 30 out of 120 respondents (25%) were under the strand HUMSS. 30 out of

120 respondents (25%) were under the strand TVL. 30 out of 120 respondents

(25%) are under the strand Agriculture and 30 out of 120 respondents (25%) are

under the strand ABM and;

1.5 76 out of 120 respondents (63.33%) have a 1 st grading general average that

ranges from 86-90. 34 out of 120 respondents (28.33) have a 1 st grading general

average that ranges 80-85 and 10 out of 120 respondents have a 1 st grading

general average that ranges from 91-95.

2. The level of effects of sleep deprivation to the Senior High students in Leonard

Young Sr. National High School was

2.1 Agree which is a scale of 4 out of 5 in their cognitive aspect with a mean of

3.68

2.2 Agree which is a scale of 4 out of 5 in their emotional aspect with a mean of

3.58

3. Sleep deprivation has significant effects to the academic performance of

senior high students since the level of the effects was agree which is a scale of 4

with a mean of 3.76.

Conclusion

Based on the foregoing findings the following conclusions were made:

1. Students agreed to the effects of the sleep deprivation to both of their cognitive

and emotional aspect

2. Sleep deprivation has significant effects since students agreed to the effects of

sleep deprivation to their academic performance

3. Having a good and sufficient sleep is vital to academic success, and having an

insufficient one, can lead to academic failure.

Recommendations

Based on the findings and conclusions of the study the following

recommendations were hereby given:

1. Since the negative effects of sleep deprivation are evident, students must

value their sleep. Hence, they must do things to have an adequate sleep. They

should go to bed early rather than overspending time on gadgets, social media,

and other unnecessary things. They should avoid and limit caffeine and alcohol

and also, they should avoid procrastinating wherein their homework and

requirements will pile up causing them to cram and sacrifice their sleep given the

limited time they have.

2. Parents should also search and create methods or ideas to prevent their

children being sleep deprived. May it be creating a good sleep environment and

bedtime routine, strict regulations and curfew, limiting screen time, or treating

their children by professionals if they experience medical troubles like insomnia.

3. The teachers could also help the students in having an adequate sleep by not

over-pressuring them academically and lessen the giving of too much homework

and requirements keeping the students from being drained and burnt out.

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Appendix A
 Appendix B
Survey Questionnaire
“SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS EFFECTS TO THE ACADEMIC PERFROMANCE
OF SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS IN LEONARD YOUNG SR. NATIONAL HIGH
SCHOOL”
I. DEMOGRAPHICS
Name (optional): ___________________________________________
Gender:______________
Age:___________
Grade level:_________
Strand:___________
1st grading general average:______
II. Please state your level of agreement to the following statements using
the scale of;
5-strongly agree 4-agree 3-neutral 2-disagree 1-strongly disagree

Evaluative statement 5 4 3 2 1
Cognitive Aspect
I find it difficult to memorize
things
I find it difficult to focus and
concentrate
I find it difficult to think
clearly
I easily get distracted
I find it difficult to process
thoughts and understand
things
Emotional Aspect
I easily get angry and
irritated
I easily get tired
I easily get stressed
I easily get lonely
I easily get anxious
Academic performance
I find it difficult to pay
attention throughout the
class
I find it difficult to
understand and memorize
the lessons or topics being
taught
I find it difficult to do
assignments and school
requirements
I find it difficult to answer
during quizzes
I find it difficult to answer
during exams
I find it difficult to perform
tasks greatly
 CURRICULUM VITAE

RESEACHER 1

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Lynn Ericka Recto Guisihan

Birthdate : December 28, 2005

Birthplace : Big Margus, Glan, Sarangani Province

Adress : Big Margus, Glan, Sarangani Province

Civil Status : Single

Parents : Mr. & Mrs. Ricky T. Guisihan

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : Margus Elementary School

With honors from Grade 1 to 6

2010-2016

Secondary : Leonard Young Sr. National High School

With Honors from Grade 7-11

2017-2022

CURRICULUM VITAE

RESEARCHER 2

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Jodi Arthessa S. Labarate

Birthdate : June 24, 2004

Birthplace : Laguimit, Glan, Sarangani Province

Adress : Laguimit, Glan, Sarangani Province

Civil Status : Single

Parents : Mr. & Mrs. Arhur J. Labarete

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : Laguimit Elementary School

2010-2016

Secondary : Leonard Young Sr. National High School

2017-2022

CURRICULUM VITAE

RESEARCHER 3

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Gheya Carlon Lim

Birthdate : October 30, 2004

Birthplace : Jose Abad Santos, Davao

Occidental

Adress : Jose Abad Santos, Davao Occidental

Civil Status : Single

Parents : Mr. & Mrs. Gregy P. Lim

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : Bukid Elementary School

2010-2016

Secondary : Leonard Young Sr. National High School

: 2017-202

CURRICULUM VITAE

RESEARCHER 4

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Rosenie E. Matuguina

Birthdate : October 8, 2004

Birthplace : Kitagas, Katubao, Kiamba Sarangani

Province

Adress : Prk. Lapu-Lapu, Big Margus, Glan Sranani

Province

Civil Status : Single

Parents : Mr. & Mrs. Rufino L. Matuguina

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : katubao Integrated School

2010-2016
Secondary : Katubao Integrated School
2017-2022
Leonard Young Sr. National High School

CURRICULUM VITAE

RESEARCHER 5

PERSONAL BACKGROUND

Name : Rosemae E. Matuguina

Birthdate : October 8, 2004

Birthplace : Kitagas, Katubao, Kiamba Sarangani

Province

Adress : Prk. Lapu-Lapu, Big Margus, Glan Sranani

Province

Civil Status : Single

Parents : Mr. & Mrs. Rufino L. Matuguina

EDUCATIONAL BACKGROUND

Elementary : katubao Integrated School

2010-2016
Secondary : Katubao Integrated School
2017-2022
Leonard Young Sr. National High School

SLEEP DEPRIVATION: ITS EFFECTS TO THE ACADEMIC

PERFORMANCE OF SENIOR HIGH STUDENTS IN LEONARD
YOUNG SR. NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

Submited By:
Lynn Ericka R. Guisihan
Jodi arthessa L. Labarete
Gheya C. Lim
Rosenie E. Matuguina
Rosenie E. Matuguina
 i

Abstract

Nowadays, sleep deprivation has been a prominent and relevant issue

for most students. Many studies in the past have already proved that adequate

sleep is vital to academic success, however, there’s no consensus that all

studies have the same claims. This study determined the effects of sleep

deprivation on the academic performance of the senior high students in Leonard

Young Sr. National High School. Specifically, it sought to answer the following

(1) the level of effects of sleep deprivation to the cognitive aspect and emotional

aspect (2) the significant effects of sleep deprivation to the students’’ academic

performance. A researchers-made questionnaire was utilized by 120

respondents. The statistical treatment used consisted of frequency, percentage,

ranking and mean. The results showed that the number of hours of sleep

negatively affected the students’ Cognitive aspect such as the ability to think

clearly, memorize, and process thoughts. Results also showed that sleep
deprivation negatively affected the emotional aspect of students such as getting

easily mad, frustrated, anxious and lonely. Furthermore, the results showed that

the students agreed about the significant effects of sleep deprivation such as the

difficulty of answering quizzes, exam and performing tasks.

ii

ACKNOWLEDGMENTS

Firstly, the researchers would like to express their deep and sincere

gratitude to their research researcher who made this work possible. His guidance

and advice carried them through all the stages of making their research. They

thank him for his empathy, patience, wisdom and an undeniable great sense of

humor. It was a great privilege to work and study under his guidance.

The researchers’ gratitude also extends to their benevolent school

principal, for allowing them conduct their research among the Senior High

students in their vicinity. Also, their research study would have not been

successful without the help of Senior High advisers who have given their consent

for the participation of the selected Senior High students.

 The researchers’ appreciation also goes to the respondents of their study

who have given them their full cooperation, knowledge and time. Through their

help, their research study achieved its smooth completion.

The researchers would also like to give their special and bona fide thanks

to their dearest parents for their deep and undying support, financially and

emotionally throughout the making of their research study.

Finally, the researchers would like to praise and thank God, The Almighty,

for the countless blessings He showered upon them. For letting them through all

the difficulties. They have experienced His guidance day by day. They will keep

on trusting Him in the future. Ii

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Preliminary Pages Page

Title page i
Abstract ii
Acknowledgements iii
Table of contents iv
List of tables v
List of figures vi
CHAPTER

I THE PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Introduction 1
Statement of the Problem 3
Hypotheses of the Study 4
Significance of the Study 4
 Scope and Delimitation of the Study 5
Definition of Terms 5

II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE

Related Literature and Studies 7
Synthesis 17

Conceptual Framework 21

III. METHODOLOGY
Research Design 22
Locale of the Study iv 24
Respondents of the Study 24
Research Instruments 25
Data Gathering Procedures 25
Statistical Treatment 26

IV. PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

Profile of the Respondents 27
Effects of Sleep Deprivation to the Cognitive Aspect 29
Emotional aspect, and Academic Performance

V. SUMMARY OF FINDINGS, CONCLUSIONS AND

RECOMMENDATIONS
AND RECOMMENDATIONS OF THE STUDY
Summary of Findings 33
Conclusion 33
Recommendations 34

References
Appendices
A Letter to the School’s Principal 38
B Questionnaire on the Profile of the Respondents 39
And Effects of Sleep Deprivation
To the Cognitive aspect, Emotional Aspect
and Academic Performance of the
Students

Curriculum Vitae 41

v
LIST OF TABLES

Table Description Page

1 Respondents of the Study 25

2 Sleep Deprivation to the Academic 27
Performance of the students
3 (Profile of the Respondents) Gender 27
3a (Profile of the Respondents) Age 27
3b (Profile of the Respondents) Grade Level 28
3c (Profile of the Respondents) Strand 28
3d (Profile of the Respondents) 1 st GA 29
8 Effects of Sleep Deprivation to the Cognitive 31
Aspect, Emotional Aspect, and Academic
Performance of the Students
 vi
LIST OF FIGURES

Figure Description Page

1 Conceptual Framework 21
2 Research Design 23
vii