LESSON PLAN

COURSE : Public Safety Basic Recruit Course

MODULE : V- Law Enforcement Operations
SUB-MODULE : I - Intelligence
SUBJECT : Intelligence Operation
METHODOLOGY : Lecture/PE/Critique
DURATION : 13 hrs
LEARNING OBJECTIVES :
At the end of the lesson, the students will be able to:

 Define Tradecraft Surveillance, Casing cover and Undercover

 Differentiate Observation Exercise from Description Exercise;
 Discuss the importance of Environmental Scanning; and
 Perform the scenario given outside the classroom in accordance with the
guidelines and rules provided by the instructor.

LEARNING AIDS:
Multi-Media Projector
Projector Screen
Laptop
Laser Pointer

REFERENCES/TOOLS :

Philippine National Police Manual PNPM-S-9-1 Criminal Investigation Manual

(Revised) 2011.
http:/www.cops.usdoj.gov/e09042536 Chapter 05.pdf
en.wikipedia.org/wifi/Counterintelligence
www.wikepedia.org.intelligence
http://www.abcinvestigators.com/Surveillance.ht
LESSON TIMETABLE:

Subject/Activity Time Methodology

Introduction
 Opening Prayer
 Introduce the instructor
 Levelling/Motivation Lecture/Discussion
 Introduction on Intelligence
operation

Presentation
 Definition of Tradecraft
Surveillance, Casing Cover
and Undercover
 Uses of intel Tradecraft
 Objectives of Surveillance
 Methods of Surveillance and Lecture/Discussion
Casing
 Definition of Observation
Exercise and Description
Exercise
 Definition of Environmental
Scanning
Application
 Perform scenarios based on Practical
the lesson discussed Exercises/Simulation
 Recap of Learning Insights Case-based approach
 Closing Prayer
Total # of Hours
 Lesson Topic – Intel Operations

OVERVIEW OF INTELLIGENCE

Intelligence is defined as the product resulting from the collection, evaluation,

analysis, integration and the interpretation of all available information.

Intelligence-is Processed information

DEFINITION OF TERMS

 Information- unprocessed information or raw data.

 Intelligence Information- Information gathered or received which is of
intelligence interest.
 Intelligence Community- It is an integrated and neatly organized entity
composed of units or agencies which have intelligence interest responsibilities
 Informant – It is anyone who can furnish information

3 Things Need to Remember in Intelligence

• Person – (Information collected)
• Organization – (ex. interpretation)
• Activity – (ex. Investigation Report)
Police Intelligence
• Police Intelligence – has been defined as the end product resulting from the
collection, evaluation, analysis, integration and interpretation of all available
information, regarding the activities of criminal and other law violators for the
purpose of effecting their arrest, obtaining evidence and forestalling plan to commit
crime.
The Word Intelligence

• ORGANIZATION - (ex. PNP, AFP, COAST GUARD)

• NETWORK - (ex. Networking to other people, PCR)

• CRAFT - (ex. Invisibility, never get BURNED OUT)

• PROFESSION - (ex. Intelligence Expert)

• TECHNICAL SPECIALIZATION – (ex. Expert in Technological Devices: Phones, Computer, Radio

etc.)

• BUSINESS

• ACTIVITY
 INTELLIGENCE VS INFORMATION

• Intelligence - processed information

• Information – unprocessed information of raw data

INFORMER - The one who gives information for a reward or price.

2 Kinds of Informer
• Common or ordinary

• Confidential

INFORMANT -refers to anyone who can furnish information

Kinds of Informant
• Confidential

• Voluntary

• Involuntary

• Special

• Anonymous

4 AXIOMS OF INTELLIGENCE
• Axiom 1 – Intelligence is crucial to internal security
• Axiom 2 – Intelligence is essential to all types of information
• Axiom 3 – Intelligence is the responsibility of all government agencies
• Axiom 4 – Intelligence of the government must be superior to that enemy
BASIC PRINCIPLES OF INTELLIGENCE OPERATION
A. Intelligence is continuous
B. involved 5 pillars
1. Police
2. Prosecution
3. Court
4. Correction
5. Community
C. Intelligence operation and tactical operation are interdependent
D. Intelligence must be useful
E. Intelligence must be timely
 F. Intelligence operation must be flexible
G. Intelligence operation requires imagination and foresight
H. Intelligence requires constant security measures

CATEGORIES OF INTELLIGENCE
1. STRATEGIC INTELLIGENCE (Directorate for Intelligence)
- deals with various factors which influence the capabilities, vulnerabilities
and probable courses of action of the nation
- Intelligence which are not for immediate use but for future utilization
A. STRATEGIC OFFENSIVE

Security
Gov’t Forces

Mission
Enemy
accomplish

B. STRATEGIC DEFENSIVE

ENEMY
GOVT FORCES
C. STEALMATE

ENEMY GOVT FORCES

2. TACTICAL INTELLIGENCE (EX. IMMEDIATELY)

- Concerned with the effect of the enemy, weather of terrain on enemy and
friendly operation Focus directly to a specific operation.

3. COUNTER INTELLIGENCE (ex. Personnel, information gathered, document)

- Aspect of the intelligence, which comprises civil, police and military
measures to counter the enemy or to prevent espionage, sabotage or subversion
activities. (security)

INTELLIGENCE CYCLE
EVALUATING INFORMATION (Probability)

1 Confirmed Confirmed by other independent sources

Logical in itself

Agrees with other information on the subject

2 Probably true Not confirmed independently

Logical in itself

Agrees with other information on the subject

3 Possibly true Not confirmed

Reasonably logical in itself

Agrees with other information on the subject

4 Doubtfully true Not confirmed

Not illogical

Not believed at time of receipt although possible

5 Improbable Confirmation available of the contrary

Illogical itself

Contradicted by other information on the subject

6 Cannot be judged

RELIABILITY OF SOURCE

A Completely Reliable No doubt regarding authenticity,

trustworthiness, integrity competence

History of complete
reliability

B Usually Reliable Some doubt regarding authenticity

or trustworthiness or integrity or
competence

History of general
reliability
 C Fairly Reliable Doubt regarding authenticity,
trustworthiness, integrity competence

History of periodic
reliability

D Usually Not Definite doubt regarding authenticity,

Reliable trustworthiness, integrity competence

History of occasional
reliability

E Unreliable Certainty about lack of authenticity,

trustworthiness, integrity competence

History of unreliability

F Cannot be judged

SOURCE OF INFORMATION
T- direct observation by a commander of a unit
U- report by penetration agent or resident agent
V- report by an AFP trooper or PNP personnel in encounter or operation
W- interrogation of a captured enemy agent or foreigner
X- observation by a government or civilian employee or official
Y- observation by a member of populace
Z- documentary

4 SOURCES OF INTELLIGENCE
H – Human
F – Field
S – Scientific
E – Electronic
SOURCE OF INFORMATION
Law enforcement agencies sources
Public/open source information
Specialized data base
Clandestine collection
Primary information collection

COVER/UNDERCOVER
COVER – is the means by which is individuals group conceals the true nature of its
activities and or existence from the observer.
It is so that the intelligence unit may operate with minimum interference from the
outside elements by ‘’outside elements’’ we mean those not having the ‘’need to
know’’.

A. ESSENTIAL USES OF COVER

Maintain secrecy of operations against enemy intelligence
Maintain secrecy of operations agent’s friendly agencies not having the ‘’ NEED TO
KNOW’’
Pursues successfully accomplishment of the mission
B. ELEMENTS OF COVER
1. Mission
2. Environment
3. Person(s) 

‘’PRECAUTION/GUIDELINES IN CASE OF COMPROMISE’’

Move out immediately
Start new facility for operation and develop it
Use circuitous route and provide careful counter surveillance
AGING THE COVER - The process of being in a real condition/status/cover by an
undercover agent for considerable period of time in order to acquire a seemingly
true identity for the purpose of gaming root of his accepted and fictitious back
group.
 A. CRITERIA FOR COVER
Is should be simple, one that is easy to remember for the operator.
It is adequate, one that provides enough security for status and action.
It is economical expenditures are commensurate to the desired information.
B. OBJECTIVE OF ORGANIZATIONAL COVER
To camouflage and protect operational personnel and their activities
To protect instillation in which clandestine activities are based

3 TYPES OF ORGANIZATIONAL COVER

1. CELL COVER - intend to small operating groups where in the numbers of the
group are not working together.
2. GROUP COVER – provide security for (3) or more individuals appearing to be
working together.
3. COVER FAMILY – Combination of compartmental

TYPES OF COVER STORY

1. Natural cover story- story using actual background data with minor adjustments
to fill and of fit the situation.
2. Artificial cover story- using biographical data which are invented for the purpose.
Combination of TRUE and FALSE Personal data
Cover support- agents in target areas with a primary mission of supporting the cover
story.

DOCUMENTATION OF THE COVER

It is necessary to support the cover story. It includes documents which should be in
the personal possession of the undercover investigator and those which should be
on file in official and private offices in connection with some phase of assumed
background.
• Alias- a fictitious name of a person
-a pseudonym
• Back stop- refers to falsified documents and materials prepared by an undercover to
make his cover story credible
 INTRODUCTION TO TRADECRAFT

Intelligence Tradecraft
Pertains to skills needed to successfully perform intelligence work in a hostile environmental.

For all you know tradecraft is “INVISIBLE”

TWO TYPES OF TRADECRAFT

Rural (Barangay) – it is the high threat tradecraft primarily because of the risk and security that it
demands. Incident to its application, it is difference compared to that of urban setting.

Urban (cities) – it is basically viewed as the application of trade craft in urban areas
wherein sophistication and unique clandestine operation is required.
Cover – ex. strategy
Undercover – ex. Investigation
Casing – ex. Visual area, place, building
Surveillance – ex. Observation of person, place or object.
Interview – The method of obtaining information from another person, who is aware
that he is giving wanted information, although he may be ignorant of the true
connection and purposes of the interview.
Elicitation – The method of acquiring desired information from a person who is
unaware that he is providing wanted information, and if made aware may not intend
to give information.

OBSERVATION AND DESCRIPTION EXERCISE (ODEX)

OBSERVATION – A complete and accurate awareness by his individual of his
surroundings and encompasses the use of all major senses. (Taking Notice)
DESCRIPTION – The actual and factual reporting of one’s own observation or the
reported sensory experience of another. “The way we became aware of anything is
through your senses.”
PSYCHOLOGY ESTIMATES THAT APPROXIMATELY
• 85% of the things we learn is gathered through sight
• 13% is through hearing
• 2% through taste, touch and smell (combined)
 ODEX- Observation and Description
FACTORS INVOLVED IN PERCEPTION
1. Perception
Mentally capacity (ex. Enough intellect/maturity)
Educational background
Empirical background
Occupational background
2. Memory – has bearing an evaluation of information refers to a complex group of
mental function
and states of awareness that are concerned with the storing of experience and its
reappearance in consciousness of its utilization in subsequent activity.
a. Types of memory
 Sensory – that of learning repetition
 Intellectual – highest evaluation
b. Function of memory
 Storing information – systematic filing
 Recollection – returning to conscious memory that was has been stored.
c. FACTORS THAT INFLUENCE ATTENTION
 Size – (extra ordinary from the last) appears to be distinct
 Change – (any change: small to big: dark to bright: silence to noisy etc.)
 Repetition – (single stimulus might not be retained in the brain but when
repeated it will)
 Striking quality - (uniqueness)
 Interest – (focus)
 Organic condition – (status of senses used)
 Suggestion – (initial information might be perceived as the correct
observation)
SUGGESTION TO IMPROVE MEMORY

1. You must intend (or what) to remember

2. Develop the confidence to remember (do not let your memory dormant)
3. Carefully observe and concentrate all your attention on the subject to be
remembered
4. Develop the strongest possible motive for remembering any particular fact
5. Try to understand clearly the meaning of which is to be remembered
6. You must be able to visualize when possible the fact to be remembered
7. Remembered by repetition a good policy to over learn allowing the memory trace or
impression the chance to (set)
8. Remember everything new by connecting it with something that you already know.

THREE (3) PSYCHOLOGICAL PROCESS FOR ACCURATE OBSERVATION

ATTENTION: Consist of psychological process involved in becoming aware of the fact.

PERCEPTION: Consist of psychological process involved in understanding thru fact

awareness.

REPORT: Used two (2) processes

Involuntary attention – in it we have no control and it requires no effort. (ex. Least reliable)
Voluntary attention – observe tries to pay attention in no total control
Habitual attention - observer exerts little effort but will have maximum control

CASING AND SURVEILLANCE

CASING – is reconnaissance of surveillance of a building place or area to determine

its suitability for intelligence use or its vulnerability or an intelligence operation.

A. PURPOSE OF CASING
 operative will know the best route to take to get there.
 operative will know how to conduct himself without attracting attention.
 operative will know what security hazard are in the area and how they can be
avoided or minimized.
 operative will know the best route to take to get out of the area.
B. USES OF CASING
 Aids in the planning of an operation by providing needed information
 It assists the agent handler to instill confidence on his agent during the
briefing phase by being able to speak knowingly about the area to operation.
 Considered a security that offers some degree of protection operating from
the area unfamiliar to them.
 During the debriefing phase, it will aid the operational testing agent.

C. METHODS OF CASING

Personal Reconnaissance – a personal reconnaissance of an area is the most

effective method and will produce the most information since you know just what
are looking for.
Map Reconnaissance – a map reconnaissance alone may not be sufficient but
it can produce a certain amount of usable information from a map it is possible to
get a good survey of road and street network.
Research – such information can be acquired through research normally
entails a study of unclassified sources such as directories, radio and television
broadcasts and others available references.
Prior Information – your unit will have on file reports from activities within
your unit, and also from other intelligence may provide you with information in
addition town studies survey, etc. can provide you valuable information.
Hearsay – this type of information is usually gained by the person operating
in the area of performing the casing job. Casing should always be done with your
ears open when visiting such place as restaurants, bars, places of amusement same
hearsay information may be gained by discreet questioning of people in the area.

D. PRIMARY ACTION
 Analyze your mission
 Study available over information
 Check your resources
 Decide in advance what things you are going to look for.
E. COVERAGE OF CASING
Location – pinpoint the exact by indicating street, address, intersection
reference, to know points or landmarks, map coordinates, name, outstanding
identifying, features, etc.
Characterization of the area – A general description of the area that contains
the target site should be done.
Approaches to the area – considered case of access transportation available
(by foot, bus, cars, taxicab, etc.)
Special Characteristics –
F. DISPOSAL PLAN
G. ESCAPE AND EVASION
 People in the area – considered a nationality mode of dressing apparent occupation,
reaction to strangers, density speech or language, other habit peculiar to the local area,
change to be expected at different hours of the day, days of the week (ex. Sunday of
holidays)
Security consideration in the area – police watchmen, janitor, store, clerks, others
(patterns of action of recognition etc.)

SURVEILLANCE
Is the planned observance of a person, place or objects? The list of his/her activities

TERMINOLOGIES
1. Subject of surveillance
2. Surveillant (ex. Tayo)
3. Convoy
Ex. Subject Surveillant Convoy
4. Contact
ex. - Describe what location they have contact
- Has determine what was being contact
5. Made -substitute of ‘’Burn Out’’
- Discover of a subject that you have following him/her.
6. Lost - cannot be identified by the surveillant
- If lost use the spiral search
7. Put to Bed – the subject proceeds to this residence, house, room.
8. Shadow or Trail – you follow the subject either foot or vehicle.
9. Fingerman – identity of the subject DECOY-

A. OBJECTIVE OF SURVEILLANCE
 Locate place frequented by target (ex. Study of his activities)
 Target habits and pattern activities (ex. Pattern)
 Identify associates and contact (ex. Anything, any person they could identify to
him)
 Basis for obtaining search warrant (ex. Complete basis of operating team)
 Checks an informant and their information (ex. If have 5 agents do not meet
them

B. PREPARATION FOR SURVEILLANCE

 Area and target study - ex. Study with regards motor vehicle, bus, jeep etc.
 Surveillance plan - ex. Planning of an area
 Selection of personnel - ex. Use the expert surveillant must;
 An inconspicuous physical appearance
 Ability to remain unnoticed
 Resourceful
 Patience and physical stamina
 Keen sensory perception and retentive
 Prior surveillance experience

TYPES OF SURVEILLANCE
 Moving surveillance
 Tail or shadowing
 Fixed surveillance
 Stake out

Preparation
 Determine base of operation (OP) - ex. Know the entrance and exit
 Study the area of building – ex. How many doors and windows
 Equipment
 Logbook
 Specific duties of each surveillance
 Relief teams
 Arrival and departure of equipment and personnel at the base of operation

METHODS OF SURVEILLANCE
 Loose surveillance (ex. Maluwag, the subject cannot monitor to you it is because
you are far.)
 Close surveillance (ex. Tutukan, this is applied in highly, thickly and populated
area.)
 Combination of loose and close surveillance (ex. Philippine setting)

5 TECHNIQUES OF FOOT SURVEILLANCE

A. One-man surveillance
B. Two-man or AB surveillance

C. Three man or ABC surveillance

 D. Leapfrog surveillance

E. Progressive surveillance – it is applied to, if the subject is PNP personnel or HUT

target and minimum of 8-man team personnel

3 TECHNIQUES OF VEHICLE SURVEILLANCE

A. B. C.

PRECAUTION:
1. Do not make an abrupt, unnatural moves from doorway to doorway, from the tree
to tree or behind automobiles, such actions are unnecessary and attract attention.
2. Do not use theatrical disguise that are impractical, hard to maintain and easily
detectable.
3. Never stare directly at the subject.
4. Never look directly at the subject eye, look slightly ahead on behind the subject or at
his feet.
5. Do not to appear too innocent if accosted by the subject, however the surveillant
should normally display indignantly innocence, an attempted explanation might
serve only to increase the suspicious of the subject.
6. When a dangerous neighborhood, walk near the curb and thus reduce the
possibility of attack from doorways and alleys.
7. Never speak to appear to recognize another surveillant unless absolutely necessary to
accomplish the mission.
8. In experienced surveillant must conquer the tendency to believe themselves made
when subject glances in their direction several times.