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COR 015 Philo Reviewer

Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. The document traces the origins of philosophy from the pre-Socratic philosophers like Thales, Pythagoras, and Heraclitus, who were interested in natural science. It then discusses Socrates, who turned philosophical inquiry towards human beings and ethics. The branches of philosophy are divided into theoretical philosophy, which studies knowledge and existence, and practical philosophy, which focuses on ethics and living well. Finally, the document outlines the speculative and analytic approaches in philosophy, with the speculative using abstract concepts and the analytic emphasizing logic and empirical examination.

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35 views2 pages

COR 015 Philo Reviewer

Philosophy is defined as the love of wisdom. The document traces the origins of philosophy from the pre-Socratic philosophers like Thales, Pythagoras, and Heraclitus, who were interested in natural science. It then discusses Socrates, who turned philosophical inquiry towards human beings and ethics. The branches of philosophy are divided into theoretical philosophy, which studies knowledge and existence, and practical philosophy, which focuses on ethics and living well. Finally, the document outlines the speculative and analytic approaches in philosophy, with the speculative using abstract concepts and the analytic emphasizing logic and empirical examination.

Uploaded by

Jeff Zach Perez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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COR 015 Philo Reviewer

Module 2: Defining Philosophy

Philosophy- comes from the word “philos” which means “love” and “sophia” means “wisdom”.
Hence, philosophy, literally, means love of “wisdom”.
Philosopher- an individual who engages in philosophy. That is a “lover of wisdom”.

Man has knowledge of himself.

One psychologist demonstrates that man acquires his knowledge through conditioning.

Module 3: Tracing the Origin of Philosophy:The Pre-Socratics and Socrates

Pre-socratic philosophers- The Pre-Socratic Philosophers are defined as the Greek thinkers
who developed independent and original schools of thought. The Pre-socratic were interested in
a wide variety of topics, especially in what we now think of as natural science rather than
philosophy. These early thinkers often sought naturalistic explanations and causes for physical
phenomena.

The three Pre-Socratic Philosophers


1. Thales (c. 624-546 BCE). He is considered as the father of western philosophy and is
regarded as the seven ages (wise man) of ancient Greece. He claimed that there is one
single substance that comprises everything and that substance is water.
2. Pythagoras (570-495 BCE). He treated philosophy as a way of life and gave emphasis
on contemplation. He believed in reincarnation. He made important contributions to the
field of Mathematics, the most famous of which is the Pythagorean theorem.
3. Heraclitus (c. 535-475 BCE). He claimed that everything is changing and believed that
the only permanent word is changed. He used fire to emphasize the idea of change.
Socrates
- the pre-Socratic philosophers concerned themselves with the physical world. Socrates
turned his inquiry on the human person and human living.
- In his mind, “Knowledge is virtue” This means that to know something is to do
something.
- Socrates further claimed that human beings must know themselves for them to be able
to live in accordance with who they are. Hence, he said “know yourself for the
unexamined life is not worth living.”

Module 4: Understanding the Branches of Philosophy

Theoretical philosophy- studies the principles of human knowledge, thought, argumentation


and communication, the nature of language, consciousness, and metaphysics. This branch is
more concerned on the origin/theory of knowledge.
Branches of Theoretical Philosophy
1. Ontology (the study of being)
2. Epistemology (the study of knowledge)
3. Metaphysics (the study of reality and existence)
4. Theodicy (the study of God on logical abstraction).
Practical Philosophy- uses philosophical methods and insights to explore how people can lead
wiser and more reflective lives. It focuses more on living a good life and concerns with well-
being, human excellence, wisdom, love and personal relationships, ethics, the meaning of life,
and how to develop enlightened values.

Branch of Practical Philosophy


1. Logic (the study of correct thinking and valid reasoning)
2. Ethics (the study of morality and right living)
3. Axiology (the study of values)

Module 5: Exploring the Approaches in Philosophy

Speculative Approach- is an approach in philosophy which tries to bring together all the
sciences.
- Tends to use terms that do not fit with simple experiences of the world. It uses abstract
words.
- In speculative approach, concepts cannot be examined scientifically because it contains
things that cannot be seen by anyone, like the claim that the soul is immortal.
- It talks about your belief
Analytic Approach- is an approach in philosophy in which all fundamental assumptions for all
the sciences are analyzed.
- It emphasizes on logic, language, and aligns itself with the empirical sciences.
- Inquiries into the meaning of the concepts use and tries to avoid to use vague terms that
do not fit into the logical, linguistic, and empirical methods.
- In analytic approach, concepts can be examined scientifically that is through checking its
validity like the claim that a square has four equal sides.

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