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Cabin Gan

The document summarizes the Propaganda Movement led by Jose Rizal and other prominent Filipinos in Europe between 1872-1892. They advocated for representation in the Spanish parliament, secularization of the clergy, equality between Filipinos and Spaniards, and other reforms. Jose Rizal was the most outstanding member who published two novels exposing abuse and sparked nationalist sentiment, but increased pressure led the movement to diminish after his arrest.

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Karissa Devon
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24 views12 pages

Cabin Gan

The document summarizes the Propaganda Movement led by Jose Rizal and other prominent Filipinos in Europe between 1872-1892. They advocated for representation in the Spanish parliament, secularization of the clergy, equality between Filipinos and Spaniards, and other reforms. Jose Rizal was the most outstanding member who published two novels exposing abuse and sparked nationalist sentiment, but increased pressure led the movement to diminish after his arrest.

Uploaded by

Karissa Devon
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Jose Rizal

And the Propaganda Movement


• Between 1872 and 1892, a national
consciousness was growing among the
Filipino emigres who had settled in
Europe. In the freer atmosphere of
Europe, these emigres formed the
Propaganda Movement. Organized for
literary and cultural purposes more than
for political ends, the Propagandist, who
included upper-class Filipinos from all the
lowland Christian areas, strove to
“awaken the sleeping intellect of the
Spaniard to the needs of our country” and
to create a closer, more equal association
of the island and the mother land.
Their specific goals were:
• Representation of the Philippines in the Cortez, or Spanish parliament
• Secularization of the clergy
• Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality
• Creation of a public school system independent of the friars
• Abolition of the polo and vandala
• Guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and association
• Equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service
Jose Rizal
• Most outstanding Propagandist
• Physician, scholar, scientist, and writer
• Born in 1861 into a prosperous Chinese mestizo family
in Laguna
• Study several years at the University of Santo Tomas
• Went in Spain in 1882 and studied at the University of
Madrid
• Became a leader and eloquent spokesman, and formed
close relationships with prominent natural and social
scientist in the world of European science and
scholarship.
Jose Rizal
• Committed to refuting the friar’s stereotypes of
Filipino racial inferiority with scientific arguments.
• Published two novels: Noli Me Tangere (Touch Me Not)
in 1886 and El Filibusterismo (The Reign of Greed) in
1891.
Other Important
Propagandist
Graciano Lopez Jacena
• A noted orator and pamphleteer who had
left Spain in 1880
• Published a satirical short novel, Fray
Botod (Brother Fatso)
• In 1889 he established a biweekly
newspaper in Barcelona, La Solidaridad
(Solidarity), which became the principal
organ of the Propaganda Movement. It
contributors included Rizal, Dr. Ferdinand
Blumnetritt, and Marcelo del Pilar.
Marcelo del Pilar
• A reformminded lawyer
• In 1882 Del Pilar founded the newspaper
Diariong Tagalog to propagate democratic
liberal ideas among the farmers and
peasants
• Was active in the antifriar movement until
obliged to flee to spain in 1888
• Became the editor of La solidaridad and
assumed leadership of the Filipino
community in Spain
In 1887 Rizal returned briefly to the islands, but because
of the furor surrounding the appearance of Noli Me
Tangere the previous year, he was advised by the
governor to leave. He returned to Europe by way of
Japan and North America to complete his second novel
and an edition of Antonio de Morga’s seventeenth-
century work, Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas. De Morga
provided positive information about the islands’ early
inhabitants, and reliable accounts of pre-Christian
religion and social customs.
Rizal returned to the Philippines in
June 1892, after the Dominicans had
evicted his father and sisters from
their land in Calamba, Laguna. In July,
he established the Liga Filipina
(Philippine League), designed to be a
truly national, nonviolent organization.
However, it was dissolved due to his
following arrest and exile in Dapitan in
northwestern Mindanao.
The Propaganda Movement languished
after Rizal’s arrest and the collapse of
the Liga Filipina. La Solidaridad went
out of business in November 1895, and
in 1896 both Del Pilar and Lopez Jaena
died in Barcelona, worn down by
poverty and disappointment.
An attempt was made to reestablish the Liga
Filipina, but the national movement had become
split between ilustrado advocates of reform and
peaceful evolution and a plebeian constituency that
wanted revolution and national independence.
Because the Spanish refused to allow genuine
reform, the initiative quickly passed from the former
group to the latter.

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