PROPAGAN

Propaganda is today most often used in reference to political

statements, but the word comes to our language through its use
in a religious context. The Congregatio de propaganda
fide (“Congregation for propagating the faith”) was an
organization established in 1622 by Pope Gregory XV as a means
of furthering Catholic missionary activity. The
word propaganda is from the ablative singular feminine
of propogandus, which is the gerundive of the Latin propagare,
meaning “to propagate.” The first use of the
word propaganda (without the rest of the Latin title) in English
was in reference to this Catholic organization. It was not until
the beginning of the 19th century that it began to be used as a
term denoting ideas or information that are of questionable
accuracy as a means of advancing a cause.

PROPAGAN
RIZAL’S SILENT MOVES IN
 4. Alemanya
3. Paris (Almania)

1. Barcelona
2. Madrid
 4. Alemanya
3. Paris (Almania)

1. Barcelona
2. Madrid
Based on “Rizal’s Madrid,” some of the little-known facts about Rizal’s life
in Spain include:

1. Rizal had a limited allowance of P50 a month when he was studying in

Madrid. This was further reduced to P35 a month when their family farm in
Laguna had bad harvests.

2. Rizal liked to take light meals with wine at the Viva Madrid restaurant,
also a favorite of
journalist and revolutionary Graciano Lopez Jaena.

4. While studying medicine at the Universidad Central de Madrid, he also

went to the nearby Escuela de Bellas Artes de San Fernando to study
painting.

5. There were times when Rizal was in dire financial difficulties in Spain.
Once, he had to pawn his sister Saturnina’s ring to pay for his exams. At
another time, he did not at all for one whole day. However, in his letters to
his family, he only mentioned his high grades and victories in contests.

6. Rizal and the other Filipino propagandists lobbied at the Congreso de los
Diputados (the Spanish congress) for the recognition of the Filipinos’ right
to autonomy and for equal rights with Spanish citizens.
The Propaganda Movement (1872-1892) was the first Filipino nationalist movement,
led by a Filipino elite and inspired by the protonationalist activism of figures such as
José Burgos and by his execution at the hands of colonial authorities. Propagandists
were largely young men, often mestizos and creoles whose families could afford to
send them to study in Spanish universities in Madrid and Barcelona.
Specific Goals:

1. Secularization of the clergy

2. Assimilation of the Philippines as a regular province of Spain

3. Legalization of Spanish and Filipino equality; creation of a public school

system independent of the friars;

2. abolition of the polo (labor service) and vandala (forced sale of local products

to the government);

4. guarantee of basic freedoms of speech and association;

3. and equal opportunity for Filipinos and Spanish to enter government service.
 ISABELO JR L. DELOS REYES
An ordained Aglipayan priest, became Obispo Maximo IV,
and served as Bishop of the Aglipayan Church from 1946-
1971. He is buried in the Parish of Maria Clara, Shrine of
Our Lady of Balintawa

Jose Protacio "Pepe" Mercado Rizal is the Philippine

national hero, whose writings inspired the Filipino
movement for freedom from Spanish rule.

Juan Novicio Luna was a Filipino painter, sculptor and a

political activist of the Philippine Revolution during the late
19th century
Antonio Luna was a Filipino reformist and revolutionary.
While studying pharmacy at the Central University of
Madrid, he wrote for "La Solidaridad" under the
pseudonym "Taga-ilog".

Marcelo H. del Pilar was a celebrated figure in the

Philippine Revolution and a leading propagandist for
reforms in the Philippines.

  is a Philippine writer more known for his literary Fray

Butod .'Butod' the word Hiligaynon for "bat" and it also
slang equivalent to "tabatsoy". Graciano Lopez Jaena was
born in Jaro,Iloilo, on December 18,1856 Founder and
first editor of the newspaper La Solidaridad, which
became the vehicle of expression for Filipino propaganda
in Spain.
February 15,
 
 it y ) w a s a n o rg a n iz a t io n
l id a r id a d ( T h e S o l id a r
La S o 3 , 1 8 8 8 . C o m p o s e d
S p a in o n D e c e m b e r 1
created in 1 8 7 2 a n d s tu d e n t s
p i n o l ib e r a ls e x il e d in
of Fili th e o rg a n iz a t io n
E u r o p e 's u n iv e r s i tie s,
attending n e s s o f th e n e e d s o f
in c re a s e S p a n is h a w a re
aimed to p ro p a g a te a c lo se r
, th e P h il ip p in e s , a n d t o
its col o n y p a in .
e e n th e P h il i p p i n e s a n d S
rela ti o n s h ip b e tw

 February 15,
The Propaganda Movement languished after Rizal's arrest and
the collapse of the Liga Filipina. La Solidaridad went out of
business in November 1895, and in 1896 both del Pilar and
Lopez Jaena died in Barcelona, worn down by poverty and
disappointment. An attempt was made to reestablish the Liga
Filipina, but the national movement had become split
between ilustrado advocates of reform and peaceful evolution
(the compromisarios, or compromisers) and a plebeian
constituency that wanted revolution and national independence.
Because the Spanish refused to allow genuine reform, the
initiative quickly passed from the former group to the latter.
 , in 18 9 2 Ri za l re tu rn
rn eded hhomom ee anan dd
Ja en a an d Pi la rr rere mm aai ab ro ad
edd abroad, in 1892
inne Ri za l re tu
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While Lópe Ló pe zz Ja en a an d Pi la at w as lo ya l to Sp aiin
pa n
, a m od es ttre fo rm -m in
inde d so ci
ded society e ty th
th at w as lo ya l to S
fo u nd ed th e Li ga
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y, th
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d Pilar remained ab ai ne d ab ro
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in 18
18 9292 Ri za
au th or it ie s ov er re ac
ac WW h ile
hi le LóLó pepe z Ja en a nd
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e t
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rm -m-m in
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cietetyythth atat
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ndded the Liga Filipin
fouun a, a m
reretu rned
turn edho hom meean d of in de pe nd en ce . . As
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it h th
th ee CCav av ititee
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b eaat
re thhe w or
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is h au th or it ie s o ve rr ea
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RRiziza to re
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pr om pt ly
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lyly arrested and exil d ed R iz al to a re
pe rc e iv ed th re at to
to th
theei r ru le . Th ey pr
perceived threat
ndin
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isisla inth theesosoututhh..
 fo rm ed th e K at ip un
u an
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thee
th e a rr es t of R izall,, th
theese
se ac
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ts formed the K at ip
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se mm a n. Th e K at ip un an
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s BBonifacio, a self-edu ca
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an is h from the isla
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dedicate d to th e e xp in o re be ls th ro u gh ou
outtth
th eehi st
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st oryy
ed re vo lt. Th er eeha ddbebeen
en mm an
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Filipino rebe ls th ro u gh
m ad e fo
made for ar r ar mm ed re vo lt . Th er ha sp ir ed b y na onna
tiio alis
listt
w fo rr th ee fir ti m e th ey
stt time they were w er e in
in sp ir ed by n at
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am bi ti on s an dd po
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ssse seed d th
thee
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