Unit -4

Isometric
Projection And
View
 ISOMETRIC DRAWING TYPICAL CONDITION.
IT IS A TYPE OF PICTORIAL PROJECTION IN THIS 3-D DRAWING OF AN OBJECT,
IN WHICH ALL THREE DIMENSIONS OF ALL THREE DIMENSIONAL AXES ARE
AN OBJECT ARE SHOWN IN ONE VIEW AND MENTAINED AT EQUAL INCLINATIONS
IF REQUIRED, THEIR ACTUAL SIZES CAN BE WITH EACH OTHER.( 1200)
MEASURED DIRECTLY FROM IT.

3-D DRAWINGS CAN BE DRAWN NOW OBSERVE BELOW GIVEN DRAWINGS.

IN NUMEROUS WAYS AS SHOWN BELOW. ONE CAN NOTE SPECIFIC INCLINATION
ALL THESE DRAWINGS MAY BE CALLED AMONG H, L & D AXES.
3-DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS, ISO MEANS SAME, SIMILAR OR EQUAL.
OR PHOTOGRAPHIC HERE ONE CAN FIND
OR PICTORIAL DRAWINGS. EDUAL INCLINATION AMONG H, L & D AXES.
HERE NO SPECIFIC RELATION EACH IS 1200 INCLINED WITH OTHER TWO.
AMONG H, L & D AXES IS MENTAINED. HENCE IT IS CALLED ISOMETRIC DRAWING

L
TV

SV FV

H
H H
PURPOSE OF ISOMETRIC DRAWING IS TO UNDERSTAND OVERALL SHAPE, SIZE
& APPEARANCE OF AN OBJECT PRIOR TO IT’S PRODUCTION.
 SOME IMPORTANT TERMS:
ISOMETRIC AXES, LINES AND PLANES:

The three lines AL, AD and AH, meeting at point A and making
1200 angles with each other are termed Isometric Axes.

The lines parallel to these axes are called Isometric Lines. A

The planes representing the faces of of the cube as well as

other planes parallel to these planes are called Isometric Planes.
H
ISOMETRIC SCALE:
When one holds the object in such a way that all three dimensions
are visible then in the process all dimensions become proportionally
inclined to observer’s eye sight and hence appear apparent in lengths.

This reduction is 0.815 or 9 / 11 ( approx.) It forms a reducing scale which

Is used to draw isometric drawings and is called Isometric scale.

In practice, while drawing isometric projection, it is necessary to convert

true lengths into isometric lengths for measuring and marking the sizes.
This is conveniently done by constructing an isometric scale as described
on next page.
 TYPES OF ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

ISOMETRIC VIEW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

Drawn by using True scale Drawn by using Isometric scale
( True dimensions ) ( Reduced dimensions )

D
4

H
S
TH 2 C H
NG 4
LE
RUE
T 1 3

2 THS
NG
. LE CONSTRUCTION OF ISOM.SCALE.
0
1 ISOM From point A, with line AB draw 30 0 and
450 inclined lines AC & AD resp on AD.
450 Mark divisions of true length and from
0 300
A B each division-point draw vertical lines
Isometric scale [ Line AC ] upto AC line.
The divisions thus obtained on AC
required for Isometric Projection give lengths on isometric scale.
1 SHAPE Isometric view if the Shape is
ISOMETRIC
OF F.V. or T.V.
D
PLANE FIGURES H
RECTANGLE D
A D A L
AS THESE ALL ARE L
C D C
2-D FIGURES
WE REQUIRE ONLY TWO A
ISOMETRIC AXES.
B C B B
IF THE FIGURE IS FRONT B
VIEW, H & L AXES ARE H
TRIANGLE 3 B
REQUIRED. 1 L
B 1 3
L
IF THE FIGURE IS TOP A D A
VIEW, D & L AXES ARE 3
REQUIRED. 1
2 A 2 2
Shapes containing 4
Inclined lines should PENTAGON H E
be enclosed in a 1 E
4 1 D 4
rectangle as shown. D
E
Then first draw isom. A D A D L
of that rectangle and L 1 3
then inscribe that 3 A C
C
shape as it is. 2 B
B C 3 B
2 2
 STUDY 2
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS

DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A

CIRCLE IF IT IS A TV OR FV.

FIRST ENCLOSE IT IN A SQUARE.

IT’S ISOMETRIC IS A RHOMBUS WITH
D & L AXES FOR TOP VIEW.
THEN USE H & L AXES FOR ISOMETRIC

B
WHEN IT IS FRONT VIEW.
FOR CONSTRUCTION USE RHOMBUS
METHOD SHOWN HERE. STUDY IT.
2

C
4
A B

3 4

3
A

1
D C

D
1
 3
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
25 R

DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE FIGURE

SHOWN WITH DIMENTIONS (ON RIGHT SIDE)
CONSIDERING IT FIRST AS F.V. AND THEN T.V.
50 MM

IF FRONT VIEW

100 MM

IF TOP VIEW
 ISOMETRIC SHAPE IF F.V. IF T.V. 4
OF
PLANE FIGURES HEXAGON

AS THESE ALL ARE

2-D FIGURES
WE REQUIRE ONLY CIRCLE
TWO ISOMETRIC
AXES.

IF THE FIGURE IS
FRONT VIEW, H & L
AXES ARE
REQUIRED. For Isometric of Circle/Semicircle use Rhombus method. Construct Rhomb
of sides equal to Diameter of circle always. ( Ref. topic ENGG. CURVES.
IF THE FIGURE IS SEMI CIRCLE
TOP VIEW, D & L
AXES ARE
REQUIRED.
 9
STUDY ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
A FRUSTOM OF SQUARE PYRAMID
STANDING ON H.P. ON IT’S LARGER BASE.

60
FV

X Y

40 20

TV
 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF 11
STUDY A FRUSTOM OF CONE
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS STANDING ON H.P. ON IT’S LARGER BASE.

60
FV

X Y

40 20

TV
 PROBLEM: A SQUARE PYRAMID OF 30 MM BASE SIDES AND 12
STUDY 50 MM LONG AXIS, IS CENTRALLY PLACED ON THE TOP OF A
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS CUBE OF 50 MM LONG EDGES.DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE PAIR.

50

30

50
 STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF SPHERE & HEMISPHERE 17

450 r

on
R

ct i
300 R r

ir e
r

-D
r

Iso
Isom. Scale
P

C
r r
R C
R TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
R OF A HEMISPHERE
P r
P Adopt same procedure.
Draw lower semicircle only.
C = Center of Sphere. Then around ‘C’ construct
P = Point of contact Rhombus of Sides equal to
Isometric Diameter.
R = True Radius of Sphere For this use iso-scale.
r = Isometric Radius. Then construct ellipse in
TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE this Rhombus as usual
1. FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC OF SQUARE PLATE. And Complete
2. LOCATE IT’S CENTER. NAME IT P. Isometric-Projection
3. FROM PDRAW VERTICAL LINE UPWARD, LENGTH ‘ r mm’ of Hemi-sphere.
AND LOCATE CENTER OF SPHERE “C”
4. ‘C’ AS CENTER, WITH RADIUS ‘R’ DRAW CIRCLE.
THIS IS ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE.
26
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

20

20

20
x y
O 50

20

30

20 20 20
O

TOP VIEW
 29
STUDY F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS

FV 40

X O 10 Y
100
10
25
TV
10 30 10
25
30 R O
20 D
 28
STUDY
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.

FV
40

10
O 45
30 D

10
50
O

80

TV