ISOMETRIC

PROJECTION

• COURSE- B.Tech
• SUB- E.G
• UNIT-5
 ISOMETRIC DRAWING TYPICAL CONDITION.
IT IS A TYPE OF PICTORIAL PROJECTION IN THIS 3-D DRAWING OF AN OBJECT,
IN WHICH ALL THREE DIMENSIONS OF ALL THREE DIMENSIONAL AXES ARE
AN OBJECT ARE SHOWN IN ONE VIEW AND MENTAINED AT EQUAL INCLINATIONS
IF REQUIRED, THEIR ACTUAL SIZES CAN BE WITH EACH OTHER.( 1200)
MEASURED DIRECTLY FROM IT.

3-D DRAWINGS CAN BE DRAWN NOW OBSERVE BELOW GIVEN DRAWINGS.

IN NUMEROUS WAYS AS SHOWN BELOW. ONE CAN NOTE SPECIFIC INCLINATION
ALL THESE DRAWINGS MAY BE CALLED AMONG H, L & D AXES.
3-DIMENSIONAL DRAWINGS, ISO MEANS SAME, SIMILAR OR EQUAL.
OR PHOTOGRAPHIC HERE ONE CAN FIND
OR PICTORIAL DRAWINGS. EDUAL INCLINATION AMONG H, L & D AXES.
HERE NO SPECIFIC RELATION EACH IS 1200 INCLINED WITH OTHER TWO.
AMONG H, L & D AXES IS MENTAINED. HENCE IT IS CALLED ISOMETRIC DRAWING

H
H H
PURPOSE OF ISOMETRIC DRAWING IS TO UNDERSTAND
OVERALL SHAPE, SIZE & APPEARANCE OF AN OBJECT PRIOR TO IT’S PRODUCTION.
SOME IMPORTANT TERMS UDED IN ISOMETRIC:

ISOMETRIC AXES, LINES AND PLANES:

The three lines AL, AD and AH, meeting at point A and making
1200 angles with each other are termed Isometric Axes.
A
The lines parallel to these axes are called Isometric Lines.

The planes representing the faces of of the cube as well as

other planes parallel to these planes are called Isometric Planes.
H
ISOMETRIC SCALE:
When one holds the object in such a way that all three dimensions
are visible then in the process all dimensions become proportionally
inclined to observer’s eye sight and hence appear apparent in
lengths.

This reduction is 0.815 or 9 / 11 ( approx.) It forms a reducing scale which

Is used to draw isometric drawings and is called Isometric scale.

In practice, while drawing isometric projection, it is necessary to convert

true lengths into isometric lengths for measuring and marking the sizes.
This is conveniently done by constructing an isometric scale as described
on next page.
 TYPES OF ISOMETRIC DRAWINGS

ISOMETRIC VIEW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION

Drawn by using True scale Drawn by using Isometric scale
( True dimensions ) ( Reduced dimensions )

D
4

H S
TH 2
C H
NG 4
LE
E
U
TR 1 3

2 THS
N G
. LE CONSTRUCTION OF ISOM.SCALE.
0 M
1 ISO From point A, with line AB draw 300 and
450 inclined lines AC & AD resp on AD.
450 Mark divisions of true length and from
0 30 0
each division-point draw vertical lines
A B
upto AC line.
Isometric scale [ Line AC ]
The divisions thus obtained on AC
required for Isometric Projection give lengths on isometric scale.
1 SHAPE Isometric view if the Shape is
ISOMETRIC
OF F.V. or
PLANE FIGURES H T.V. D
RECTANGLE D
A D A L
AS THESE ALL ARE L
2- D FIGURES C D C
WE REQUIRE ONLY A
TWO ISOMETRIC
AXES. B C B B
B
IF THE FIGURE IS H
TRIANGLE 3 B
FRONT VIEW, H & L 1 L
B 1 3
AXES ARE REQUIRED. L
A D A
IF THE FIGURE IS TOP 3
VIEW, D & L AXES 1
ARE REQUIRED. 2 A 2 2
4
Shapes containing PENTAGON H E
Inclined lines should 1 E
4 1 D 4
be enclosed in a
D
rectangle as shown. D
E
A A D
Then first draw isom. L
L 1 3
of that rectangle and 3 C
A
then inscribe that C
2 3 B B
shape as it is. B C 2 2
 STUDY 2
ILLUSTZRATIONS

DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF A

CIRCLE IF IT IS A TV OR FV.

FIRST ENCLOSE IT IN A SQUARE.

IT’S ISOMETRIC IS A RHOMBUS WITH
D & L AXES FOR TOP VIEW.
THEN USE H & L AXES FOR ISOMETRIC

B
WHEN IT IS FRONT VIEW.
FOR CONSTRUCTION USE RHOMBUS
METHOD SHOWN HERE. STUDY IT.
2

C
4
A B

3 4

1
D C

D
1
 3
STU D
Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
25 R
Y
DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE FIGURE
SHOWN WITH DIMENTIONS (ON RIGHT SIDE)
CONSIDERING IT FIRST AS F.V. AND THEN T.V.
50 MM

IF FRONT VIEW

100 MM

IF TOP VIEW
 ISOMETRIC SHAPE IF F.V. IF T.V. 4
OF
PLANE HEXAGON

FIGURES

AS THESE ALL ARE

2-D FIGURES
WE REQUIRE ONLY
TWO ISOMETRIC
AXES. CIRCLE

IF THE FIGURE IS
FRONT VIEW, H & L
AXES ARE
REQUIRED.

IF THE FIGURE IS For Isometric of Circle/Semicircle use Rhombus method. Construct Rhombus
TOP VIEW, D& of sides equal to Diameter of circle always. ( Ref. topic ENGG. CURVES.)
L AXES ARE
REQUIRED. SEMI CIRCLE
For Isometric of
Circle/Semicircle
use Rhombus method.
Construct it of sides
equal
to diameter of circle
 5
STUDY
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
ILLUSTRZATIONS PENTAGONAL PYRAMID
STANDING ON H.P.
(Height is added from center of pentagon)

ISOMETRIC VIEW OF BASE OF

PENTAGONAL PYRAMID
STANDING ON H.P.

4
4
D
D E
E
D L D L
1 3 1 3
A C
A C
B
2
B
2
 6
STUDY
ILLUSTRZATIONS
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
PENTAGONALL PRISM
LYING ON H.P.

4
H E
1 D

A
L
3
C
B
2
ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
HEXAGONAL PRISM
STANDING ON H.P.
 7
STUDY
ILLUSTRZATIONS
CYLINDER STANDING ON H.P.

CYLINDER LYING ON H.P.

 8
STUDY
HALF CYLINDER
ILLUSTRZATIONS STANDING ON H.P.
( ON IT’S SEMICIRCULAR
BASE)

HALF CYLINDER
LYING ON H.P.
( with flat face // to
H.P.)
 9
STUDY ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
A FRUSTOM OF SQUARE PYRAMID
ILLUSTRZATIONS STANDING ON H.P. ON IT’S LARGER BASE.

60 FV

X Y

40 20

TV
 STUDY 10
ILLUSTRATION

PROJECTIONS OF FRUSTOM OF ISOMETRIC VIEW

PENTAGONAL PYRAMID ARE GIVEN. OF
DRAW IT’S ISOMETRIC VIEW. FRUSTOM OF
PENTAGONAL PYRAMID

SOLUTION STEPS:
60 60
FV

20
FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC
OF IT’S BASE.

x y THEN DRAWSAME SHAPE

AS TOP, 60 MM ABOVE THE
E
1 4 BASE PENTAGON
A CENTER.
THEN REDUCE THE TOP TO
20 MM SIDES AND JOIN WITH
TV 40 20 D THE PROPER BASE
CORNERS.

40
2 3
C
 ISOMETRIC VIEW OF 11
STUDY A FRUSTOM OF CONE
ILLUSTRZATIONS STANDING ON H.P. ON IT’S LARGER BASE.

60
FV

X Y

40 20

TV
 PROBLEM: A SQUARE PYRAMID OF 30 MM BASE SIDES AND 12
STUDY 50 MM LONG AXIS, IS CENTRALLY PLACED ON THE TOP OF A
CUBE OF 50 MM LONG EDGES.DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF
ILLUSTRZATIONS THE PAIR.

50

30

50
 13
STUDY
ILLUSTRZATIONS

c
PROBLEM: A TRIANGULAR PYRAMID
OF 30 MM BASE SIDES AND 50 MM a
LONG AXIS, IS CENTRALLY PLACED o
ON THE TOP OF A CUBE OF 50 MM p a
LONG EDGES. b
DRAW ISOMETRIC VIEW OF THE
o c
PAIR. p

SOLUTION HINTS.
TO DRAW ISOMETRIC OF A CUBE IS SIMPLE. DRAW IT AS USUAL.

BUT FOR PYRAMID AS IT’S BASE IS AN EQUILATERAL TRIANGLE, IT

CAN NOT BE DRAWN DIRECTLY.SUPPORT OF IT’S TV IS REQUIRED.

SO DRAW TRIANGLE AS A TV, SEPARATELY AND NAME VARIOUS POINTS AS SHOWN.

AFTER THIS PLACE IT ON THE TOP OF CUBE AS SHOWN.
THEN ADD HEIGHT FROM IT’S CENTER AND COMPLETE IT’S ISOMETRIC AS
SHOWN.
PROBLEM:
A CIRCULAR PLATE IS PIERCED THROUGH CENTRALLY
BY A SQUARE PYRAMID WHICH COMES OUT EQUALLY FROM BOTH
FACES OF PLATE. IT’S FV & TV ARE SHOWN. DRAW ISOMETRIC
VIEW.
 STUDY
ILLUST ZRATIONS ISOMETRIC PROJECTIONS OF SPHERE & HEMISPHERE 17

450 r

n
R

io
ct
r

ire
r 300 R

-D
r

o
Is
Isom. Scale
P

C
r r
R C
R TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION
R OF A HEMISPHERE
P r
P Adopt same procedure.
C = Center of Sphere. Draw lower semicircle only.
Then around ‘C’ construct
P = Point of contact Rhombus of Sides equal to
R = True Radius of Sphere Isometric Diameter.
r = Isometric Radius. For this use iso-scale.
Then construct ellipse in
TO DRAW ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE this Rhombus as usual
1. FIRST DRAW ISOMETRIC OF SQUARE PLATE. And Complete
2. LOCATE IT’S CENTER. NAME IT P. Isometric-Projection
3. FROM PDRAW VERTICAL LINE UPWARD, LENGTH ‘ r mm’ of Hemi-sphere.
AND LOCATE CENTER OF SPHERE “C”
4. ‘C’ AS CENTER, WITH RADIUS ‘R’ DRAW CIRCLE.
THIS IS ISOMETRIC PROJECTION OF A SPHERE.
 21
STUDY
F.V. & T.V. of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view.
ILLUSTRZATIONS

35
FV

35

x 10 y
O

10 20 30

40

70

TV
O
26
STU D
F.V. & T.V. and S.V.of an object are given. Draw it’s isometric view. Z
ILLUSTRATIONS
Y

ORTHOGRAPHIC PROJECTIONS

FRONT VIEW L.H.SIDE VIEW

20

20

20
x y
O 50
20

30

O
20 20 20

TOP VIEW
Any Questions?