COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD

Lab: 8
Course: Electric Measurement and Instrumentation (EEE-374)
Instructor: Engr. Imtiaz Ur Rehman
Student:
Reg. Number: FA21-BEE-109
FA21-BEE-145
FA21-BEE-116
Name: MUHAMMAD HAMMAD HAROON
MUNEEB AHMAD
MUHAMMAD IRTIZA KARAMAT

(Do not write anything here)

ASSESSMENT
In-Lab Performance: /
Post-Lab:
Data Presentation (4) Data Analysis (4) Writing Style (4)

Total: /

Instructor’s remarks:
 Lab # 08:
Learning the Physical Properties of Most Common Sensors Used
Today Using National Instruments (NI) QNET Mechatronics
Sensors (MECHKIT) Trainer (PART-2)

Abstract:
 Learn to use the magnetic field sensor on QNET MECHKIT.
 Learn to use the piezo sensor on QNET MECHKIT for measuring vibration.

Pre LAB TASKS

Write a 1-page note on magnetic field and Piezo Sensors

Magnetic field sensor:

Magnetic sensors are designed to respond to a wide range of positive and negative magnetic
fields in a variety of different applications and one type of magnet sensor whose output signal is
a function of magnetic field density around it is called the Hall Effect Sensor

Magnetic sensors are solid state devices that are becoming more and more popular because they
can be used in many different types of application such as sensing position, velocity or
directional movement. They are also a popular choice of sensor for the electronics designer due
to their non-contact wear free operation, their low maintenance, robust design and as sealed hall
effect devices are immune to vibration, dust and water.

One of the main uses of magnetic sensors is in automotive systems for the sensing of position,
distance and speed. For example, the angular position of the crank shaft for the firing angle of
the spark plugs, the position of the car seats and seat belts for air-bag control or wheel speed
detection for the anti-lock braking system, (ABS).

Applications:
1. Navigation: Magnetic field sensors are used in navigation systems to provide accurate
direction and positioning information. This is especially important in mobile devices like
smartphones and tablets, where GPS may not be reliable indoors.
2. Automotive industry: Magnetic field sensors are used in automotive applications to
detect the position of the crankshaft, camshaft, and wheel speed sensors. This helps in the
operation of the engine management system, stability control, and anti-lock braking
systems.
 3. Industrial applications: Magnetic field sensors are used in various industrial
applications, such as metal detection, material handling, and automation. They can be
used to detect the presence of ferromagnetic materials, monitor conveyor belt speed, and
detect the position of robotic arms.
4. Medical applications: Magnetic field sensors are used in medical applications, such as
magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) machines, which use strong magnetic fields to create
detailed images of the body. They are also used in implantable medical devices, such as
pacemakers and defibrillators, which use magnetic sensors to detect heart rate and
rhythm.
5. Consumer electronics: Magnetic field sensors are used in consumer electronics, such as
smartphones, tablets, and laptops, to detect the orientation of the device and adjust the
display accordingly. They are also used in gaming controllers to detect motion and
provide a more immersive gaming experience

Piezoelectric sensor:
A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure changes in
pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain, or force by converting them to an electrical charge.

Piezoelectric sensors are versatile tools for the measurement of various processes. They are used
for quality assurance, process control, and for research and development in many industries.
Pierre Curie discovered the piezoelectric effect in 1880, but only in the 1950s did manufacturers
begin to use the piezoelectric effect in industrial sensing applications. Since then, this measuring
principle has been increasingly used, and has become a mature technology with excellent
inherent reliability.
Applications:
1. Vibration measurement: Piezoelectric sensors are used to measure vibrations in
machinery and structures. They can detect and measure changes in acceleration, velocity,
and displacement.
2. Pressure measurement: Piezoelectric sensors can measure pressure changes and are
commonly used in automotive and aerospace applications for engine and fuel system
monitoring.
3. Force measurement: Piezoelectric sensors can measure forces, including compression,
tension, and shear. They are used in load cells, impact force measurement, and torque
sensors.
4. Sound detection: Piezoelectric sensors are used to detect sound waves and are
commonly used in microphones, acoustic pickups for musical instruments, and sound
level meters.
5. Touch sensing: Piezoelectric sensors are used in touchscreens to detect touch and
pressure changes.
6. Accelerometer: Piezoelectric sensors are used as accelerometers in various applications,
such as car airbag deployment and aircraft flight control systems.
7. Ultrasonic sensors: Piezoelectric sensors are used in ultrasonic sensors, which are used
in medical imaging, distance measurement, and level sensing.
 In Lab Tasks
Task 1
Magnetic Field Sensor

(Figure 1)
Sensor Measurements

(Figure 2)
 Target Range(inch) Sensor Measurement(v)
0 1.47

0.025 1.73

0.050 1.94

0.075 2.08

0.100 2.17

0.125 2.22

0.150 2.27

0.175 2.30

0.200 2.33

Callibrated Sensor

(Figure 3)
The sensor is successfully calibrated and shows the same values that are expected after
calibration.
 Task 2
Piezo Sensor

(Figure 4)

Sensor Measurement

(Figure 5)
 Power spectrum

(Figure 6)
Spectrum of frequency response of the device.

Critical Analysis:
In this lab we learnt about using magnetic field and piezo
sensor. We learned how to calibrate the sensor and how and why they are used.
When we rotate the knob of magnetic field sensor for different ranges we get a
voltage and we observed that the sensor is successfully calibrated and giving exact
value that are expected after calibration. In piezoelectric sensor we get exact
spectrum of frequency response of devices after testing the calibration.