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Emi Lab Report 8-A

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24 views8 pages

Emi Lab Report 8-A

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alihamzaali0315
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Lab report no: 8

SUbJeCt: eLeCtriCaL meaSUrement & inStrUmentation


inStrUCtor: dr. KhUrram aLi
SUbmitted bY: mohammad ibrahim
reGiStration no: Fa23-eee-003
date oF SUbmiSSion: november 17 ,2024.
th

Comsats university Islamabad


LEARNING THE PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MOST
COMMON SENSORS USED TODAY NI QNET
MECHATRONICS SENSORS TRAINER

OBJECTIVE:
• Learn to use the magnetic field sensor on QNET MECHKIT.
• Learn to use the piezo sensor on QNET MECHKIT to measure vibration.

INTRODUCTION:
This lab focuses on understanding the physical properties and operational
characteristics of commonly used sensors, using the NI QNET Mechatronics Sensors
Trainer (MECHKIT). The sensors explored include infrared (IR), magnetic, and
pressure sensors. Each sensor has unique applications in modern mechatronic
systems, making their study critical for understanding how to acquire and analyze
accurate data in varying conditions. The lab emphasizes calibration techniques, as
proper calibration ensures that the sensors provide reliable and precise readings. The
experiment also highlights the role of response curves and sensitivity analysis, which
are fundamental to evaluating sensor performance and determining their suitability
for specific applications

EQUIPMENT & MATERIAL:


• NI ELVIS Workstation
• Computer with LabVIEW Software
• Power Supply Unit
• Standard Calibration Tools

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD M.IBRAHIM 1


Pre LAB-TASKS
Magnetic field sensor:
Magnetic sensors are designed to respond to a wide range of positive and negative
magnetic fields in a variety of different applications and one type of magnet sensor
whose output signal is a function of magnetic field density around it is called the
Hall Effect Sensor
Magnetic sensors are solid-state devices that are becoming more and more popular
because they can be used in many different types of applications such as sensing
position, velocity, or directional movement. They are also a popular choice of sensor
for the electronics designer due to their non-contact wear-free operation, low
maintenance, robust design, and sealed hall effect devices that are immune to
vibration, dust, and water.
One of the main uses of magnetic sensors is in automotive systems for the sensing
of position, distance, and speed. For example, the angular position of the crankshaft
for the firing angle of the spark plugs, the position of the car seats and seat belts for
air-bag control, or wheel speed detection for the anti-lock braking system, (ABS).

Applications:
Navigation:
Magnetic field sensors are used in navigation systems to provide accurate direction
and positioning information. This is especially important in mobile devices like
smartphones and tablets, where GPS may not be reliable indoors.

Automotive industry:
Magnetic field sensors are used in automotive applications to detect the position of
the crankshaft, camshaft, and wheel speed sensors. This helps in the operation of the
engine management system, stability control, and anti-lock braking systems.

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD M.IBRAHIM 2


Piezoelectric sensor:
A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric effect to measure
changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature, strain, or force by converting them
to an electrical charge.
Piezoelectric sensors are versatile tools for the measurement of various processes.
They are used for quality assurance, process control, and for research and
development in many industries. Pierre Curie discovered the piezoelectric effect in
1880, but only in the 1950s did manufacturers begin to use the piezoelectric effect
in industrial sensing applications. Since then, this measuring principle has been
increasingly used and has become a mature technology with excellent inherent
reliability.

Applications:
Vibration measurement:
Piezoelectric sensors measure vibrations in machinery and structures. They can
detect and measure changes in acceleration, velocity, and displacement.

Pressure measurement:
Piezoelectric sensors can measure pressure changes and are commonly used in
automotive and aerospace applications for engine and fuel system monitoring.

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD M.IBRAHIM 3


IN LAB -TASKS:
“Magnetic Field Sensor”
PROCEDURE:
• Connect the QNET MECHKIT trainer to the NI ELVIS workstation.
• Ensure that all connections are secure, and the sensors are properly mounted.
• Select the sensor to test (e.g., IR sensor, magnetic sensor).
• Open the LabVIEW application and load the predefined program for the
specific sensor.
• Record raw data using known input values (e.g., a specific weight for pressure
sensors).
• Adjust sensor parameters in LabVIEW to align readings with the expected
values.
• Apply test inputs to each sensor (e.g., move an object closer to the IR sensor
or apply a magnetic field to the magnetic sensor).
• Record the sensor's output signals in LabVIEW.

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD M.IBRAHIM 4


OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS:

Calibrated Sensor:

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD M.IBRAHIM 5


“Piezoelectric Sensor”

OBSERVATION AND CALCULATIONS:

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD M.IBRAHIM 6


NATURAL RESPONSE:

Critical Analysis:
This lab leads to the use of a QNET MECHKIT trainer to learn about the physical
characteristics of two different types of sensors: piezoelectric and magnetic field
sensors. When compared to a magnetic field sensor, a piezoelectric sensor is much
more sensitive. Therefore, we must exercise extreme caution while choosing the
interval of disturbance we give the sensor. On the other hand, a magnetic field sensor
is a useful sensor for gauging magnetic fields since it can transform magnetic signals
into electrical signals. Magnetic field sensors are mostly used where a boundary is
to be set, to perform different experiments keeping magnetic interference in mind.
On the other hand, piezoelectric sensors are employed to sense disturbances that last
for just short periods.

COMSATS UNIVERSITY ISLAMABAD M.IBRAHIM 7

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