TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.

1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A

FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 2 (TRENGGANU 2022)

Daya yang sentiasa bertindak ke arah pusat bulatan dan

berserenjang dengan laju linear.
The force that constantly acts towards the center of the
circle and is perpendicular to the linear speed.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 6 (SET 2 SET FIZIKMOZAC)

M1: Satelit mengalami jatuh bebas disebabkan daya tarikan

graviti.
The satellite experiences free fall due to the force of
gravitational pull.
M2: Pecutan graviti satelit sentiasa bertindak ke arah pusat bumi.
Gravitational acceleration always acted towards the
center of the Earth.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 6 (SET 2 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 3 (SPM SET 1 2021)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 3 (SPM SET 1 2021)

Daya memusat / centripetal force

TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 3 (SPM SET 1 2021)

F
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 3 (SPM SET 1 2021)

M1 Penggantian yang betul

M2 Nyatakan jawapan betul

= 13.33 (N) minima 2 t.p rej: 13.3
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 3 (SPM SET 1 2021)

Bertambah / increases
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 7 (SBP 2021)

7. Rajah 7 menunjukkan seorang atlet sedang memutarkan tukul besi

dalam acara sukan lempar tukul besi.
Diagram 7 shows an athlete spinning a hammer in an hammer throw
sprot event.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 7 (SBP 2021)
Daya memusat yang bertindak ke atas tukul besi ketika
diputarkan adalah daya tegangan tali tersebut.
The centripetal force acting on the hammer when rotated
is the tension of spring.
(a)Apakah daya memusat?
What is centripetal force?
………………………………………………………….
Daya yang membolehkan sesuatu objek [1 markah]
bergerak mengikut laluan membulat dan
arahnya sentiasa menuju ke pusat bulatan
A force that makes an object to follow a circular
path with direction always toward the centre of
curvature.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 7 (SBP 2021)

(a)Dalam Rajah 7, tandakan arah daya

memusat, F yang bertindak pada tukul besi
itu.
In Diagram 7, mark the direction of the
centripetal force, F acting on the hammer.
[1 markah]
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 7 (SBP 2021)

(a)Tukul besi berjisim 4 kg itu diputarkan dalam

satu bulatan ufuk berjejari 1.6 m dengan laju
linear 25 m s-1. Hitung daya memusat yang
bertindak ke atas tukul besi itu.
The hammer of mass 4 kg is rotated in a
horizontal circle of radius 1.6 m with a linear
speed of 25 m s-1. Calculate the centripetal
force acted on the hammer.

[2 markah]

F = mv2 = 4 x (25)2 = 1562.5 N

r 1.6
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 7 (SBP 2021)

(a)Jadual 7 menunjukkan ciri-ciri lemparan tukul besi F, G dan H

yang terlibat dalam sebuah acara sukan lempar tukul besi.
Table 7 shows the characteristics of the F, G and H hammer
throws involved in a hammer throw sport event.

Berdasarkan spesifikasi dalam Jadual 7, nyatakan ciri-ciri yang sesuai

bagi lemparan tukul besi yang mempunyai tegangan tali yang paling
tinggi ketika diputarkan. Beri sebab untuk kesesuaian ciri tersebut.
Based on the specifications in Table 7, state the suitable characteristics
of the hammer throw that has the highest rope tension when it is rotated.
Give reason for the suitability for each of the characteristic.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 7 (SBP 2021)

(i) Panjang tali keluli / Length of steel spring

Pendek / short
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Sebab / Reason
Daya memusat tinggi / daya memusat berkadar songsang dengan r
………………………………………………………………………………………………
High centripetal force / centripetal force inversely proportional to r
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
Pendek / short
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 7 (SBP 2021)

(ii) Laju linear tukul besi ketika diputar.

Linear speed of the hammer when it is rotated.
Laju tinggi / high velocity
………………………………………………………………………………………………
Sebab / Reason:
Daya memusat tinggi / daya memusat berkadar terus dengan laju
………………………………………………………………………………………………
High centripetal force / centripetal force directly proportional to speed
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 7 (SBP 2021)

(i) Berdasarkan jawapan dalam 7(d), lemparan tukul besi manakah yang
mempunyai tegangan tali paling tinggi ketika diputarkan?
Based on the answer in 7(d), which hammer throw has the highest rope
tension when it is rotated?
H
………………………………………………………………………………………………
[1 markah]
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 6 (SET 2 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 6 (SET 2 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 6 (SET 2 SET FIZIKMOZAC)

Tenaga solar / Solar energy

Tenaga diperbaharui / Renewable energy

TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 6 (SET 2 SET FIZIKMOZAC)

Mikro / micro

Frekuensi tinggi / kuasa penembusan tinggi/ High

frequency / high penetration power

R
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 6 (SET 2 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.1 HUKUM KEGRAVITIAN NEWTON BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.1 NEWTON’S GRAVITATIONAL LAW NO. 6 (SET 2 SET FIZIKMOZAC)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 1 (KEDAH 2022)

Garis yang menyambungkan planet dengan

Matahari akan mencakupi luas yang sama
dalam selang masa yang sama apabila planet
bergerak dalam orbitnya.
A line that connects a planet to the Sun sweeps
out equal areas in equal times
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 1 (KEDAH 2022)

X
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 1 (KEDAH 2022)

M1: Halaju semakin berkurang.

Velocity is decreasing
M2: Masa yang lebih lama diambil untuk
melengkapkan satu sektor orbit
mengelilingi Matahari.
A longer time is taken to complete one
sector of orbit around the sun.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER NO. 2 (SELANGOR 2022)
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW

Sama / Equal

Hukum Kepler ke 3 / Kepler’s third law

TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER NO. 2 (SELANGOR 2022)
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW

RM = 5.2 RB
= 5.2 (1.50 × 1011m)
= 7.80 × 1011m

TM2 = 2.98 × 10-19

R M3

TM2 = 2.98 × 10-19 × (7.80 × 1011)3

TM = 3.76 × 108 s
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 2 (PAHANG 2022)

Hukum Kepler kedua

Kepler’s Second law
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 2 (PAHANG 2022)

Jarak lintasan PQ lebih besar daripada jarak lintasan RS.

Masa sama.
Distance of PQ is longer than distance of RS. Same time.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 2 (PAHANG 2022)

Type equation here.

𝟐
𝟒𝛑
𝐓𝟐 = ( )𝐫 𝟐
𝐆𝐌
𝟐 𝟏𝟏 𝟑
𝟐
𝟒𝝅 (𝟏. 𝟓 × 𝟏𝟎 )
𝑻 =
(𝟔. 𝟔𝟕 × 𝟏𝟎−𝟏𝟏 )(𝟏. 𝟗𝟗 × 𝟏𝟎𝟑𝟎 )

T = 31683073 s
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 2 (SPM SET 2 2021)

Kuasa dua tempoh planet berkadar terus

dengan kuasa tiga jejari orbitnya / The square
of the orbital period of planet is directly
proportional to the cube of its orbital radius.
(Tempoh)2 α (jejari)3 (Period)2 α (radius)3
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 2 (SPM SET 2 2021)

M1 6370 + 320 / 6690

M2 T2 = (5T)2
(6690)2 X3
M3 19561.678669 km
19561.68 km / 1.96 x 107 m
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 2 (SPM SET 2 2021)

Berkurang / Decreases
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 4 (MRSM 2022)

Tempoh kuasa dua berkadar terus dengn

jejari orbit kuasa tiga // The square of the
orbital period of any planet is directly
proportional to the cube of the radius of
its orbit.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 4 (MRSM 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 4 (MRSM 2022)

4.237 x 107 m

2.637 x 107 m
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 4 (MRSM 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 4 (MRSM 2022)

Jarak AB lebih panjang dari CD

Distance AB is longer than CD
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 4 (MRSM 2022)

X Y
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 2 (MRSM 2022)

Laju X maximum: jarak AB

panjang // X maximum
velocity:path AB is longer // Laju
Y minimum: jarak CD pendek // Y
Y minimum velocity: path CD is
X shorter
Masa gerakan planet K dari AB
dan CD sama // The time for both
motion of planet K from AB and
CD is the same
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 SATELIT BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 5 (KELANTAN 2022)

Satelit Bukan Geopegun

Non-Geostationary satellite
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 SATELIT BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 5 (KELANTAN 2022)

K>L

K<L

K<L
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 SATELIT BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 5 (KELANTAN 2022)

Berkadar songsang
Inversely proportional

Berkadar terus
Directly proportional
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 SATELIT BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN A
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 5 (KELANTAN 2022)

Menjauhi Bumi dengan satu garis lurus //Terlepas dari orbit

Move away from the earth in a straight line // out from orbit
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN B
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN b
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN b
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN b
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN b
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN b
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN b
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN b
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN b
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.2 HUKUM KEPLER BAHAGIAN b
FORM 4: GRAVITTIONAL 3.2 KEPLER’S LAW NO. 9 (SBP 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 PLANET BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 9 (NEGERI SEMBILAN 2022)

Halaju minimum yang diperlukan oleh objek di Permukaan

Bumi untuk mengatasi daya graviti dan terlepas ke angkasa
lepas.
The minimum velocity required by an object on the Earth’s
Surface to overcome the force of gravity and escape into
space.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 PLANET BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 9 (NEGERI SEMBILAN 2022)

Jisim Bumi, M / jarak r objek

dari pusat Bumi
Mass of Earth / distance r from
the center of Earth
Halaju lepas dari Bumi yang
tinggi iaitu 11 200 m/s
High escape velocity from
Earth which is 11 200 m/s
Molekul2 dalam atmosfera bergerak dengan laju linear purate 500
m/s iaitu lebih kecil daripada halaju lepas
The molecules in the atmosphere move with an average linear
velocity of 500 m/s which is smaller than the escape velocity of the
Earth.
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 PLANET BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 9 (NEGERI SEMBILAN 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 PLANET BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 9 (NEGERI SEMBILAN 2022)
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 PLANET BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 9 (NEGERI SEMBILAN 2022)

Antenna besar Banyak gelombang dapat dipantulkan

Big antenna More waves can be reflected.
Satelit geopegun Berada di atas tempat yang sama di muka Bumi /
Geostationary Arah gerakan sama dengan arah putaran Bumi
satellite. Above the same gepgraphical location / Direction
of motion same as the direction of Earth rotation.
Banyak sel solar Mengumpul lebih banyak tenaga cahaya / Can
Many solar cell collect more light energy.
Jisim rendah Mengurangkan penggunaan bahan api
Low mass semasa pelancaran / consume less fuel
during launching
Pilih J / Choose J
TING 4: KEGRAVITIAN 3.3 PLANET BUATAN MANUSIA BAHAGIAN C
FORM 4: GRAVITATIONAL 3.3 MAN-MADE SATELLITE NO. 9 (NEGERI SEMBILAN 2022)