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Blessa Final Laboratory #3 - Earthworks (Area and Volume)

This laboratory experiment involved conducting a survey to determine the cut and fill requirements for a proposed road construction project on non-flat terrain. Survey data was collected at stations along the proposed road alignment measuring elevation points across a 4-meter wide section. The data was used to calculate cross-sectional areas and volumes between stations and plot cut/fill diagrams. Key findings were that accurate leveling is important to reduce errors, and determining earthwork volumes is essential for balancing cut and fill needs and minimizing construction costs.

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46 views7 pages

Blessa Final Laboratory #3 - Earthworks (Area and Volume)

This laboratory experiment involved conducting a survey to determine the cut and fill requirements for a proposed road construction project on non-flat terrain. Survey data was collected at stations along the proposed road alignment measuring elevation points across a 4-meter wide section. The data was used to calculate cross-sectional areas and volumes between stations and plot cut/fill diagrams. Key findings were that accurate leveling is important to reduce errors, and determining earthwork volumes is essential for balancing cut and fill needs and minimizing construction costs.

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Bles
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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2nd Sem SY 2022-2023

CE221 2BSCE-B

Name: Blessa D. Torres Year/Course/Section: 2-BSCE-B

Laboratory #3: Earthworks (Area and Volume)

Objective:

● to conduct in-depth study of earthwork and the connection of survey data


● to accurately determine and quantify the cut and fill requirements for a road
construction project in a non-flat terrain.

Methodology: The following approach was used to further describe this survey experiment.

Preparation. The preparation of the survey tools and equipment came first. The
leveling rod, a tripod and an engineer's transit, a tape measure, flags/stakes, instruments
for gathering data (pen and paper), and a basic calculator are among examples.

Conduction of Survey. Prepare all the equipment needed in this type of survey. Use
stakes to mark every station. Measure the distance between stations until it reaches the
final destination. Measure 4-meter wide at every station, having 5 points, where the middle
point is the center, and the sides are the left and right. Setup the leveling instruments. Take
a backsight reading of the benchmark. Then take a foresight reading of every station that
the instrument canreach. When the leveling instrument cannot reach the next station, move
and set up the instrument landmark turningpoint. Next, sight the back sight of the turning
point and again take a foresight of every station that the instrument can reach from that
point. Lastly, repeat steps until the last reading of foresight of the last station.

Tabulation and Computation. The survey's observed readings were all tallied and
arranged. AutoCAD was used to plot each point along with its dimensions to serve as an
illustrated data.

Results and Discussion:

Table 1. Data gathered from the Survey Experiment

LEFT LEFT CENTER RIGHT RIGHT


BS
STATION HI (m) REMARKS
(m)
IFS(m) ELEV.(m) IFS(m) ELEV.(m) IFS(m) ELEV.(m) IFS(m) ELEV.(m) IFS(m) ELEV.(m)

BM(Elev.100m) 0.35 100.35 HI=Ground


Elevation + BS
0+000 3.334 97.016 3.350 97.000 3.350 97.000 3.360 96.990 3.370 96.980 Elevation=
HI-IFS
0+020 3.339 97.011 3.345 97.005 3.344 97.006 3.342 97.008 3.341 97.009

0+040 102.366 1.830 98.520 2.126 98.224 2.136 98.214 2.152 98.198 2.159 98.191

BM(Elev.100m) 2.000 102.000

0+050 2.825 99.175 3.065 98.935 3.136 98.864 3.143 98.857 3.141 98.859

0+075 1.110 100.890 1.080 100.920 1.010 100.990 1.010 100.990 1.010 100.990

TP-1 1.700 102.590


(Elev.100.890m)
0+100 1.879 103.590 0.890 101.700 0.860 101.730 1.910 100.680 1.350 101.240 2.000 100.590

0+125 1.342 104.587 1.380 101.210 1.480 101.110 1.620 100.970 1.360 101.230 1.700 100.890

0+150 1.654 105.256 1.415 101.175 1.595 100.995 1.940 100.650 2.315 100.275 2.560 100.030
0+175 1.790 145.587 1.475 101.115 1.655 100.935 1.750 100.840 1.850 100.740 2.030 100.560

0+200 1.258 4.657 1.570 101.020 1.640 100.950 1.745 100.845 1.760 100.830 1.740 100.850

0+225 1.659 7.256 1.650 100.940 1.780 100.810 1.890 100.700 1.770 100.820 1.750 100.840

Figure 1. Cut and Fill Diagram of the Road from Sta. 0+000 to Sta. 0+225 (Road Elevation = 100.00 m)

Figure 2. 3D Representation of the Cut and Fill Diagram


Table 2. Area and Volume of the Cross Sections at Each Stations

The table above shows the area of each cross section and volume between stations.
In solving the area, the formula for the area of trapezoid was used. Given by:

𝑏1+𝑏2
𝐴= 2
(ℎ)
● b1 and b2 = are the bases
● h = perpendicular distance between b1 and b2

In solving the volume, a prismoidal formula was used. Given by:

𝐴1+4𝐴𝑚+𝐴2
𝑉= 6
(𝐿)
● A1 and A2 = areas of parallel bases
● Am = area of the section midway between A1 and A2
● L = perpendicular distance between A1 and A2

Table 3. Existing Ground and Subgrade Cross Section


Figure 3. Illustration of the Cross Sectional Area at Each Stations
Conclusions:

The trial with the survey ran smoothly. Mistakes, though, are unavoidable. In this lab,
inaccurate automatic level calibration could be a cause of systematic inaccuracy. If the level
rod is not held level or is read incorrectly, random errors may happen. The level rod is easily
shifted by the wind and might be difficult to keep completely level. The levelrod was also
hidden from the tripod and automatic level by a number of trees in the vicinity. It was
occasionally possible to foretell the future due to tree branch occlusion, but it also required
some deliberate guesswork. In certain cases, it was also essential to move the level rod point
away from the actual measurement position because of trees.
Earthwork calculation is, overall, one of the most important components of surveying.
Determining the area and volume of earthwork is necessary to balance the cut and fill of soil on
the site and lower the cost of overall construction. For effective construction and cost savings,
it is crucial to precisely identify and estimate the cut and fill requirements for a road
construction project in a terrain that is not flat.

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