1.

Define ‘personality’
Personality is relatively stable set of characteristics which constitutes a distinct
character.

2. Discuss factors affecting personality

1. Biological factors: Height, weight, physical appearance, physical strength,
general health, physical deformities and abnormalities are the factors that can
influence the personality of an individual not directly but indirectly. Quickness of
adjustment, the readiness of acquiring new modes of responses, our reasoning
and thinking all depend on the efficiency of the nervous system.

2. Family factors: Every person learns his first lesson from his family. Every child
follows his / her parents and this is the starting point of growing the human
personality.

3. Cultural factors: Culture has a great impact on a person’s personality. As a result

of this, we saw personality differ in the various socio-cultural country.

4. Social factors: Social status can affect personality very effectively. We can see
this impact of social status in personality if we look at different people whose
status is different in society.

5. Exposure factors: This include the studies, the job, the portfolio, the movies, the
books, the discussion you participate in, ideology you dive in.

3. Big 5 personality traits.

OCEAN (openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and
neuroticism)
1. Openness: One’s willingness to try new things, People who are high in this
personality trait also tend to be more adventurous and creative.

2. Conscientiousness: A person’s ability to regulate their impulse control in order to

engage in goal-directed behaviours. Highly conscientious people tend to be
organized and mindful of details. They plan ahead, think about how their
behaviour affects others, and are mindful of deadlines.

3. Extraversion: Extraversion (or extroversion) is a personality trait characterized by

excitability, sociability, talkativeness, assertiveness, and high amounts of
emotional expressiveness.1 People high in extraversion are outgoing and tend to
gain energy in social situations. Being around others helps them feel energized
and excited.

4. Agreeableness: This personality trait includes attributes such as trust, altruism,

kindness, affection, and other prosocial behaviours.

5. Neuroticism: Neuroticism is a personality trait characterized by sadness,

moodiness, and emotional instability.
4. Personality tests: MBTI, Ayurveda
1. MBTI(Myers Briggs Type Indicator):
There are 8 difference(16 personalities) types of behaviour in MBTI test.
1. Introversion VS Extraversion
2. Sensing VS Intuition
3. Thinking VS Feeling
4. Judging VS Perceiving

5. Review of your personality according to 16 personality tests

According to 16 personality tests, I’m LOGICIAN INTP-T. I have high score in
Introverted, Intuitive, Thinking, Prospecting, Turbulent.

6. Greek Classification of Personality

Greek physician Hippocrates believed that humans could be divided into four
temperaments—distinct yet overlapping personality types. These temperaments—
Sanguine, Phlegmatic, Choleric, and Melancholic—are based on "humors," bodily
fluids within the microcosm of the body that cause illness if imbalanced.

1. Sanguine: If you have a Sanguine temperament, chances are that you're a

people-person.

2. Phlegmatic: Phlegmatic temperaments love to help people and often work in

service-oriented jobs, such as health care or hospitality. They're pretty mellow
and go-with-the-flow.

3. Choleric: People who fall in this group are more task-oriented than people
oriented; they're driven by results. Most Cholerics are confident, independent,
and like to work alone rather than in a group.

4. Melancholic: Melancholic temperaments love having a plan, working slowly and

cautiously. (Perfectionists, this is you.) Because they care so much about their
work being quality, they can become preoccupied with what people think, worried
that it's not good enough.

7. Personality disorders (with examples)

8. Negative personality traits

1. Egocentric:
2. Pessimistic: The pessimistic person is always looking for proof that the universe
hates them.
3. Needing to be Right: This person needs to be right all the time — or at least to
be seen that way.
4. Greedy: They will get all they can out of you without any regard for what you want
or need.
5. Dishonest:
6. Judgemental: They’ll dismiss someone as a “bad person” before you even get a
chance to know better.
 7. Manipulative: The manipulative person uses other people to get what they want.
They’re often even proud of their ability to manipulate others.
8. Narcissistic: To the narcissist, others are to blame for the problems in their life.
9. Vindictive: They become fixated on making sure you regret ever going against
them in any way — even if “going against them” consists of nothing more than
ignoring them, or disagreeing with them, or not doing what they want
10. Aggressive or Passive-Aggressive:
11. Predatory: A predatory person sees other people as toys or tools to use as they
please.
12. Unforgiving: The person with this negative trait refuses to forgive those who hurt
or offend them, no matter what they might do to atone for those offenses.

9. Define ‘soft skills’. Discuss their importance for professional and social success.
Soft skills refer to a person's non-technical or interpersonal skills that enable them to
effectively interact with others, communicate, and collaborate in a variety of contexts.
These skills are usually related to personality traits, behaviors, and social attitudes.
Some common examples of soft skills include communication skills, teamwork,
adaptability, problem-solving, leadership, time management, and emotional
intelligence.

Soft skills are crucial for both professional and social success. In the workplace, they
can be the deciding factor in determining whether an employee gets promoted or not.
Employers often look for individuals who not only have the necessary technical skills
but also possess strong communication skills, are good at teamwork, and can adapt
to new situations quickly. Good soft skills can also help employees build strong
relationships with colleagues, customers, and clients, which can lead to better
collaboration, increased productivity, and a more positive work environment.

In social settings, soft skills can help individuals build and maintain healthy
relationships, resolve conflicts effectively, and communicate their thoughts and ideas
clearly. People with good soft skills tend to be more empathetic, considerate, and
understanding of others, which can help them develop strong social connections and
a good reputation.

10. Essential soft skills: Interpersonal Skills, Critical Thinking, Adaptability, Sociability,
Optimism ,Creativity, Self management etc.
1. Interpersonal Communication skills: Being able to listen, understand, and convey
your ideas
2. Critical thinking: The ability to find trustworthy data, and use it to make decisions
3. Adaptability: Having an adaptable mindset and being open to shifts in the
workplace
4. Sociability:
5. Creativity: The ability to imagine, dream, and generate new ideas
6. Teamwork:
7. Self-management: Finding work-life balance and taking care of your physical and
mental health.

11. Define interpersonal skills. Explain with examples

Interpersonal skills refer to the ability to communicate effectively and interact with
others in various situations. These skills are important in both personal and
 professional settings, as they enable individuals to build strong relationships,
understand others' perspectives, and resolve conflicts effectively. Some examples of
interpersonal skills are:
1. Communication: It involves being able to express oneself clearly and concisely,
while also being able to listen actively and understand others' perspectives.
2. Active Listening: It involves paying attention to what the other person is saying,
asking questions, and clarifying misunderstandings.
3. Empathy: It involves being able to put oneself in another person's shoes and
understand their emotions and perspectives.
4. Collaboration: It involves being able to communicate effectively, share ideas, and
work towards a common objective.
5. Conflict resolution: Conflict resolution is the ability to resolve conflicts effectively
and reach a mutually beneficial solution.

12. Define ‘people skills’. Discuss a few people skills with examples.
People skills refer to a set of interpersonal skills that enable individuals to interact
effectively with others, build strong relationships, and communicate effectively. These
skills are essential in both personal and professional settings, and they can be
developed through practice and experience. Some examples of people skills are:
1. Emotional Intelligence: It involves being able to recognize and control emotions,
empathize with others, and communicate effectively.
2. Conflict resolution: It involves being able to communicate effectively, listen
actively, and understand others' perspectives.
3. Networking: Networking is the ability to build and maintain relationships with
others in a professional setting.
4. Active Listening: Active listening is the ability to listen to others attentively and
understand their point of view.
5. Persuasion: Persuasion is the ability to convince others to take a specific action
or adopt a certain point of view.

13. Strategies for relationship building

1. Communication
2. Be authentic
3. Consistency
4. Be respectful
5. Be understanding
6. Networking
7. Follow up
8. Be positive
9. Show gratitude

14. What is ‘self-management’? What are some strategies for self-management?

Self-management refers to an individual's ability to manage their emotions, behavior,
and time effectively. It involves being aware of one's own strengths and weaknesses
and taking steps to manage them.
1. Goal setting
2. Prioritization
3. Time management
4. Emotional regulation
5. Self-reflection
 6. Continuous learning
7. Healthy habits
8. Accountability

15. Strategies to revamp personality

Revamping one's personality is a gradual process that involves making intentional
changes to behavior, thoughts, and attitudes.
1. Self-awareness
2. Set goals
3. Mindset
4. Practice positive thinking
5. Develop new habits
6. Seek feedbacks
7. Practice empathy
8. Be open to learning
9. Take responsibilities

16. Traits of an effective leader. Different leadership styles with examples

Traits of an effective leader:
1. Visionary
2. Decisive: Make tough decision
3. Communicative
4. Empathetic
5. Inspirational
6. Strategic
7. Adaptable
8. Accountability

Different leadership styles

1. Autocratic Leadership: This style is characterized by a leader who makes decisions

without input from their team. An example of this style is a military commander who
gives orders and expects immediate compliance.
2. Democratic Leadership: This style is characterized by a leader who involves their team in
decision-making. An example of this style is a coach who asks for input from their team
before making a decision.
3. Transformational Leadership: This style is characterized by a leader who inspires and
motivates their team to achieve their goals. An example of this style is a CEO who
communicates a vision and inspires their team to work towards it.
4. Servant Leadership: This style is characterized by a leader who puts their team's needs
before their own. An example of this style is a teacher who focuses on the needs of their
students and helps them achieve their potential.
5. Laissez-Faire Leadership: This style is characterized by a leader who delegates decision-
making and responsibility to their team. An example of this style is a manager who gives
their team autonomy and trusts them to make the right decisions.
6. Transactional Leadership: This style is characterized by a leader who rewards their team
for achieving goals and punishes them for failing to meet expectations. An example of
this style is a sales manager who offers a bonus for reaching a sales target.
17. What are ‘21st Century Skills’? Discuss with examples

18. What is ‘emotional intelligence’? Discuss its importance.

Emotional intelligence is the ability to identify, understand, and manage one's own
emotions, as well as the emotions of others.
Importance:
1. Better relationship: Emotional intelligence helps people to communicate
effectively, empathize with others, and build strong relationships based on trust
and mutual respect.
2. Effective relationship: Leaders with high emotional intelligence are better able to
inspire and motivate their team, communicate effectively, and manage conflicts.
3. Improved mental health: Emotional intelligence helps people to manage stress,
anxiety, and other negative emotions, leading to better mental health outcomes.
4. Higher emotional awareness: Emotional intelligence helps people to recognize
and understand their own emotions, which can lead to greater self-awareness
and self-regulation.
5. Better communication: Emotional intelligence helps people to communicate
effectively, understand others' perspectives, and respond appropriately to
different situations.

19. Meaning: Contributor Personality

The term "Contributor Personality" generally refers to a set of characteristics that are
commonly associated with individuals who are highly motivated to make a positive
impact in their workplace or community.

20. Characteristics of Contributor Personality

1. Proactivity: Individuals with a contributor personality are proactive and take the
initiative to identify opportunities to make a positive impact.
2. Empathy: They are able to understand the perspectives and needs of others and
use this knowledge to build stronger relationships.
3. Creativity: They are innovative thinkers and are able to generate new ideas and
approaches to problem-solving.
4. Resilience: They are able to persevere through challenges and setbacks, and
maintain a positive attitude in the face of adversity.
5. Collaboration: They are skilled at working collaboratively with others and building
strong relationships based on trust and mutual respect.
6. Adaptability: They are able to adapt to changing circumstances and embrace new
challenges with enthusiasm.
7. Accountability: They take ownership of their actions and decisions and are willing
to be held accountable for their results.
8. Continuous learning: They have a growth mindset and are committed to
continuous learning and improvement.

21. Examples of Contributor Personalities

22. IQ, EQ, SQ – their importance
1. IQ (Intelligence Quotient): IQ refers to a person's cognitive abilities, such as problem-
solving, reasoning, and critical thinking skills. IQ is important because it allows
individuals to process information, analyze data, and make sound decisions. A high IQ
 can be an asset in many areas, such as academic pursuits, scientific research, and
professional settings that require complex problem-solving skills.
2. EQ (Emotional Intelligence Quotient): EQ refers to a person's ability to understand and
manage their own emotions and the emotions of others. EQ is important because it
helps individuals build strong relationships, communicate effectively, and navigate social
situations with empathy and compassion. People with high EQ are often effective leaders
and team players, and are able to build strong connections with others.
3. SQ (Social Intelligence Quotient): SQ refers to a person's ability to understand and
navigate complex social systems and networks. SQ is important because it helps
individuals build strong social connections and effectively navigate social hierarchies and
structures. People with high SQ are often effective networkers, communicators, and
negotiators, and are able to build strong relationships across a wide range of contexts.

23. Self-actualization and its need

24. Discuss your learning from various activities conducted in the class