What is ISDN?

INTEGRATED SERVICES DIGITAL NETWORK

• ISDN is a set of standards which define

an end to end Digital Network
INTEGRATED SERVICES
DIGITAL NETWORK
Brief Introduction
 ISDN Services
ISDN Services
• ISDN - Integrated Services Digital Network -
Communication technology intended to pack all
existing and arising services:
 digitized voice services (caller ID, messaging, persistent
calls, redirected calls, multicast calls, waiting calls, in-
call functions)
 multimedia quality exchange
 enhanced digital services - computer interconnection
 entertainment services - TV, VOD (video on demand)
4
 Features
ISDN Services
of ISDN
Main Features…

• Uses Digital Signal

• Uses Existing telephone wiring
• Charges are generally based on the duration of
call (How long the WAN link was used)
• Can transport many types of Network traffic
(Voice, Data, Video, Text, Graphics etc)
• Faster Data transfer rate than modems
• Faster Call setup than Modems
Figure 15-3

Voice and Data over Analog Network

Analog and Digital Services
Integrated Digital Network
Integrated Services Digital Network
 ISDN Components
• Terminal Equipment type 1 (TE1)
* ISDN compatible device (Router with ISDN Interface)
* TE1s connect to the ISDN network through a four-wire,
twisted-pair digital link
• Terminal Equipment type 2 (TE2)
* ISDN Non-compatible devices.
* Will require a terminal adapter.
• Terminal Adapter (TA)
* Converts standard electrical signals into the form used by ISDN
* Needed for connection with TE2 devices
* The ISDN TA can be either a standalone device or a board inside
the TE2
 ISDN Components
• Network termination type 1 (NT1)
* Network-termination devices that connect the four-wire
Subscriber wiring to the conventional two-wire local loop
* Is a customer premises equipment (CPE) device (North America)

• Network termination type 2 (NT2)

* Intelligent device that performs switching & concentrating.
* Provides multiple ISDN interfaces on an ISDN line. The NT2
may be as simple as a bridging device connected to an NT1 unit
or it may be as complicated as a PBX (Private Branch
exchanges)
 ISDN Reference
ISDN Reference Points
points

TA

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 ISDN Reference points
ISDN specifies a number of reference points that define logical
interfaces between functional groupings, such as TAs and NT1s.
ISDN reference points include the following:

• R---The reference point between non-ISDN equipment and a TA.

• S---The reference point between user terminals and the NT2.
• T---The reference point between NT1 and NT2 devices.
• U---The reference point between NT1 devices and line-termination
equipment in the carrier network. The U reference point is
relevant only in North America, where the NT1 function is not
provided by the carrier network
 ISDN Reference points
Reference points are a series of specifications that
define the connection between specific devices,
depending on their function in the end-to-end
connection
 ISDN Reference
Reference points
Points

• Rate (R): Between Non-ISDN and Terminal Adapter.

• System (S): Between ISDN equipment and NT2.
Separates user equipment from switching equipment.
• Terminal (T): Between NT2 and NT1.
Separates network from user.
• User (U): Between NT1 and Provider.
U interface not defined by ITU.
Defined in North America since NT1 owned by user.
ISDN Channels
 ISDN Channels and their
Applications
B Channel D Channel H Channel
(64 kbps) (16/64 kbps) (384/1536 kbps)
Digital voice Signalling High-speed trunk
(using SS#7)
High-speed data Low- speed Very high speed
(e.g. packet and data, (e.g. data
circuit switched packet, terminal,
data) videotex)
Other (e.g. fax, Other (e.g. Other (e.g. fast
slow video) telemetry) fax. Video)
 ISDN Access Interfaces
BRI (Basic Rate Interface)
• Connection from the ISDN office to the user location provides for
access to three channels. The channels are two 64Kb B-channels and
one 16Kb D-channel
• The B-channels and the D-channel provide the user with access to the
circuit switched network
Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
 PRI (Primary Rate Interface)
• ISDN Primary Rate Interface service provides digital access via a T1 line. A T1 line
provides a 1.544 bandwidth.
• This bandwidth is divided into 24 64Kb channels.
• The ISDN PRI service uses 23 B channel access and uses the 24th (D) channel for
signaling purposes
PRI (Primary Rate
Primary Rate Interface)
Interface
Other PRI Interface
Other PRI Interface
Figure 15-1
ISDN Services
Bit Rates for Different Applications
 ISDN Protocols

• ITU-T groups and organizes the ISDN protocols according to the following
general topic areas:
• E Protocols – Recommend telephone network standards for ISDN. For
example, international addressing for ISDN.
• I Protocols – Deal with concepts, terminology, and general methods.
• Q Protocols – Cover how switching and signaling should operate. The term
signaling in this context means the process of establishing an ISDN call.
• CCITT (Consultative Committee 28 for International Telephony and
Telegraphy)
ISDN Architecture
 ISDN Setup
ISDN Switch
You need to be aware of the switch types used at the CO.
This information is needed for the router configuration,
before you can connect it to an ISDN service.

Service Profile Identifiers (SPIDs)

The ISDN carrier provides a SPID to identify the line
configuration of the ISDN service. SPIDs are a series of
characters (that can look like phone numbers) that identify
you to the switch at the CO. After you're identified, the
switch links the services you ordered to the connection.
 ISDN Setup
ISDN Switch
 Use the isdn switch-type command in global configuration
command mode
 The full syntax of the command is: isdn switch-type switch-type
 ISDN Setup
Service Profile Identifiers (SPIDs)
 The SPIDs are processed during each call setup operation
 The spid -number argument indicates the number identifying the
service to which you have subscribed and assigned by the ISDN
service provider for the B2 channel
 ISDN Encapsulation
 HDLC
(High-Level Data Link Control)

 PPP
(Point to Point Protocol)

 LABP
(Link Access Procedure Balance)

ISDN interfaces allow only a single encapsulation type

 Telecommuter/Remote User

 Using Modem>

 Using ISDN>
 Telecommuter/Remote Office
Components & Considerations
• ISDN Router
• Multiple remote users at the same location
 Broadband ISDN (B-ISDN)
• BISDN is an extension of ISDN in terms of capabilities, i.e. it not
only has the narrowband capability of ISDN but also the broadband
capability.

• It is a set of CCITT / ITU standards for digital transmission over

ordinary telephone copper wire as well as over other media.

• • ISDN is the integration of both analogue or voice data, together

with digital data over the same network.
“The Goal of BISDN is to achieve complete integration of
services, ranging from low-bit—rate bursty signals to high-
bit-rate continuous real-time signals”.
 B-ISDN

• BISDN is an extension of ISDN only in term of the

name.
• Everything is different including protocol, architecture,
transmission, and switching technology.
• Designed to exploit the advances in technology.
• Provides for integration of wide range of
communications facilities and the support of universal
communications.
B-ISDN SERVICES
 B-ISDN SERVICES
Interactive Services
• Two-way exchange of information (other than control signaling
(information) between two subscribers or between a subscriber and a
service provider.
Distribution Services
• Primarily one way transfer of information, from service provider to
B-ISDN subscriber.
Distribution Services Without User Presentation Control
• Referred also as broadcast services
• Provide a continuos flow of information, which is distributed from a
central source to an unlimited number of authorized receivers
connected to the network.
• User can access this flow of information but has no control over it.
• Example: High definition television (HDTV)
 B-ISDN SERVICES

Distribution Services With User Presentation Control

• Distribute information from a central source to a large number of
users.
• Information is provided as a sequence of information entities (e.g. ,
frames) with cyclical repetition.
• User has the ability of individual access to the cyclical distributed
information and can control start and order of presentation.
• Example: cable text
B-ISDN Architecture (Functional)
TRANSMISSION STRUCTURE

Three new transmission services

»Full-duplex 155 Mbps

»Asymmetrical 155 Mbps (subscriber to
the network), and 622 Mbps (network to
subscriber)
»Full duplex 622 Mbps – for multiple
video
 APPLICATIONS

• • Enhanced Phone Services

• • Customer Premise Equipment
• • High Speed Data Transfers
• • Telemessaging
• • Videotex
• • Tele-conferencing
• • Telecontrol, Telepolling
• • Tele-financing
• • Online Services
• • Remote Video Surveillance