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SRB Session5 CentroidsMomentofINERTIA

The document discusses key concepts related to centroids and moments of inertia including: 1) The difference between centroids (geometric center of an area) and center of gravity (point where entire weight is concentrated). 2) The importance of finding centroids for determining stress distribution and neutral axes in beams. 3) Methods for finding centroids of composite figures and lines using equations involving elemental areas/lengths and their distances from the axes. 4) Definitions of moment of inertia, polar moment of inertia, and radius of gyration as well as equations related to these concepts. 5) A transfer formula for determining moment of inertia with respect to parallel axes.

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Fullo Flores Marvilone
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380 views4 pages

SRB Session5 CentroidsMomentofINERTIA

The document discusses key concepts related to centroids and moments of inertia including: 1) The difference between centroids (geometric center of an area) and center of gravity (point where entire weight is concentrated). 2) The importance of finding centroids for determining stress distribution and neutral axes in beams. 3) Methods for finding centroids of composite figures and lines using equations involving elemental areas/lengths and their distances from the axes. 4) Definitions of moment of inertia, polar moment of inertia, and radius of gyration as well as equations related to these concepts. 5) A transfer formula for determining moment of inertia with respect to parallel axes.

Uploaded by

Fullo Flores Marvilone
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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SESSION 5 : CENTROIDS AND MOMENT OF INERTIA CENTROIDS OF COMMON SHAPES OF AREA

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CENTROIDS AND CENTRE OF GRAVITY

CENTRE OF GRAVITY CENTROID


The point where the total It is referred to as the
weight of the body focuses geometrical centre of a body
upon.

It is a physical behaviour of It is a geometrical behaviour. It


the object, a point where all is the centre of measure of the
the weight of an object is amount of geometry.
acting.

IMPORTANCE OF CENTROIDS AND MOMENTS OF AREA

In subsequent work on strength of materials, the student will find the location of the centroid of an area of
great importance. For example, he will learn that in order to produce uniform stress distribution, the loads
must be placed so that the line of action of their resultant coincides with the centroid of the cross section
of the member. The position of the centroid of an area is also important for determining the location of the
neutral axis in the bending of beams, for in strength of materials it is shown that the neutral axis passes
through the centroid of the cross section of the beam.

CENTROIDS OF COMPOSITE FIGURES

The centroid of the composite figure is determined by applying the following equations. In these equations
the elemental areas become the areas of the geometrical shapes into which the entire area has been CENTROIDS OF COMMON SHAPES OF LINES
divided.

𝐴 𝑇 𝑥 = Σ𝐴x = 𝐴1 𝑋1 + 𝐴2 𝑋2 + 𝐴3 𝑋3 +. . . +𝐴𝑁 𝑋𝑁
𝐴 𝑇 𝑦 = Σ𝐴y = 𝐴1 𝑌1 + 𝐴2 𝑌2 + 𝐴3 𝑌3 +. . . +𝐴𝑁 𝑌𝑁

A similar process may be applied to lines. The given line may be divided into finite segments whose
centrois are known, and the following equations may be used:

𝐿 𝑇 𝑥 = Σ𝐿x = 𝐿1 𝑋1 + 𝐿𝑋2 + 𝐿3 𝑋3 +. . . +𝐿𝑁 𝑋𝑁


𝐿 𝑇 𝑦 = Σ𝐿y = 𝐿1 𝑌1 + 𝐿2 𝑌2 + 𝐿3 𝑌3 +. . . +𝐿𝑁 𝑌𝑁

Before these equations are applied to illustrative problems, it will be convenient to summarise the location
of centroids for common geometrical shapes given:

ENGR. BRENZ EDUARD C. ILAGAN


Situation 1: Using the method of composite curves, determine the centroidal coordinates of the
line shown in the figure. (-1.382cm, 0.514m)

Situation 2: Using the method of composite areas, determine the location of the centroid of
the shaded area shown. (66.6mm, 308mm)

ENGR. BRENZ EDUARD C. ILAGAN


MOMENT OF INERTIA, I

The moment of inertia (of area) is sometimes called the second moment of area because each differential
area multiplied by its moment arm gives the moment of inertia. Moment of inertia applied to areas has no
real meaning when examined by itself; it is merely a mathematical expression usually denoted by the
symbol I.

𝐼𝑥 = ∫ y 2 𝑑𝐴

𝐼𝑦 = ∫ x 2 𝑑𝐴

POLAR MOMENT OF INERTIA, J

A measure of an object's capacity to oppose or resist torsion when some amount of torque is applied to
it on a specified axis.

J = 𝐼𝑥 + 𝐼𝑦

Expressed in words, this equation states that the polar moment of inertia for an area with respect to an
axis of perpendicular to its plane is equal to the sum of the moments of inertia about any two mutually
perpendicular axes in its plane which intersect on the polar axis.

RADIUS OF GYRATION, r

The distance from the center of mass of a body at which the whole mass could be concentrated without
changing its moment of rotational inertia about an axis through the center of mass.

The term radius of gyration is used to describe another mathematical expression and appears most
frequently in column formulas. Radius of gyration is usually denoted by the symbol k (sometimes by r)
and is defined by the relation
𝐼
𝑟=√
𝐴

TRANSFER FORMULA FOR MOMENT OF INERTIA

It is often necessary to transfer the moment of inertia from one axis to another parallel axis. The transfer
formula affords a method of doing this without further integration. Any area the moment of inertia with
respect to any axis in the plane of the area is equal to the moment of inertia with respect to a parallel
centroidal axis plus a transfer term composed of the product of the area multiplied by the square of the
distance between the axes.

𝐼𝑥 = 𝐼𝑥 + 𝐴𝑑 2

𝐼𝑦 = 𝐼𝑦 + 𝐴𝑑 2

ENGR. BRENZ EDUARD C. ILAGAN


Situation 3: For the area shown in Fig. (a), calculate the radii of gyration
about the x and y-axes.. (92.9mm, 60.6mm)

Situation 4: For the area shown in Fig. (a), calculate the Moment of
Inertia with respect to centroidal X and Y-axes.. (12.96X10^6mm^4, 2.26x10^6mm^4)

ENGR. BRENZ EDUARD C. ILAGAN

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