INFECTIOUS DISEASES - Helminthic Infections

- Disorders in which tissue damage or dysfunction  caused by Helminths or worms

is produced by a microorganism  most common human pathogens
- Most frequent disease of mankind worldwide  majority of disease caused by worms
- Most common reasons that people seek are minimally symptomatic
medical care  acquired by ingestion, direct skin
penetration, or insect bites
KINDS OF INFECTIOUS DISEASES BASED ON
 cannot multiply within the human body
PATHOGENS
TRANSMISSION OF INFECTIOUS DISEASE
- Viral Infections
- direct and indirect contact
 caused by viruses
- consumption of contaminated food
 virus – smallest human pathogen
- contaminated medical device
consisting of RNA or DNA, contained in
- infected mother to child
protein shell
- contact and bites from infected animals
 viruses = incapable of independent
- blood and sexual contact
metabolism/reproduction and thus are
- weak immune system
obligate intracellular parasites requiring
- overuse of antibiotics – antibiotic resistance
living cells in which to replicate
GENERAL PRINCIPLE OF MICROBIAL PATHOGEN
- Bacterial Infections
- Infectivity and Virulence
 caused by bacteria
o Virulence – refers to complex properties
 organisms that inhabit the body
that allows an organism to achieve
 under normal circumstances, cause no
infection; kung gano kalakas yung virus
harm. However, when they gain access
- Host Defense Mechanism
to sterile sites or when host defenses
o Body prevents or contains infections
are impaired, these bacteria can cause
o Gaano kalakas yung body defense ng
extensive destruction
individual
- Fungal Infections - Host Factors in infection
o iba iba effect ng organism sa every
 caused by fungi
individual, pero same sya ng diseases na
 only a few fungi invade and destroy
binibigay; iba iba lang symptoms based
human tissue
sa person
 most fungi = opportunists
o factors such as: heritable variability,
 most invading fungi fail to establish
age, integrity of host defenses, and
infection, and of those who do, majority
behavior ng person pwede mag differ
infect only when cellular immunity fails
ng symptoms nila
- Protozoal Infections
RESPIRATORY INFECTION
 caused by protozoa
- pulmonary disease
 protozoa – diverse group of single celled - affects: bronchial tubes, trachea, alveoli
eukaryotes classified on the basis of - common cause: viruses
their modes of locomotion and - common transmission: direct contact; person to
reproduction person contact with infected secretion (sneeze,
 Protozoa cause human disease by cough, talk)
diverse mechanisms - common signs & symptoms: weakness, cough,
headness, fever, rash (for rubeola (measles) and
rubella (german measles), variola (smallpox))
 - common treatment: fluids, rest, antiviral  thorny-headed worms – mainly
medicine, decongestants infects animals, rarely infect
humans
GIT INFECTIONS
- common transmission - contaminated water
- infections that affect stomach or intestines and and food; poor sanitation
result in DIARRHEA - common symptoms – diarrhea, abdominal
- mostly not serious and will resolve after a few discomfort, weight loss
days - Common treatment:
- common cause: virus or mostly bacteria
- common transmission: oral-fecal route,
contaminated water and food SEXUALLY TRANSMITTED DISEASES
- common signs & symptoms: DIARRHEA, watery
- Infections transmitted from infected person
stools
through sexual contact
- common treatment: rehydration, antibiotics
- Common cause: bacteria, viruses, parasites
VIRAL HEMORRHAGIC FEVERS - Common transmission: sexual contact thru
blood, semen, or vaginal and other body fluids
- Group of diseases caused by several distinct
- Common signs & symptoms: bumps/sore/rash
families of viruses
on sex organs, swollen lymph nodes
- Disorder that impairs the body’s ability to
- Common treatment: antibiotics
function on its own because it affects many
organ systems of the body, damaging overall
cardiovascular system GRAM + PYOGENIC BACTERIAL INFECTIONS
- Common causes/transmisison: animal vectors
- Pus-producing microorganisms
(mosquitoes, ticks, rodents, bats, monkeys) that
- Common gram + pathogens: staphylococcus,
carry viruses
streptococcus, enterococcus
- Common symptoms: fever, fatigue, dizziness,
- Furuncle/Boil: deepening abscess that
nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, HEMMORHAGE
eventually “comes to a head”
(nosebleeds, petechiae, eccymosis)
- Carbuncle: deeper suppurative infection –
- Common treatment: fluid replacement, rest
cluster of boils
PARASITIC INTESTINAL INFECTIONS - Strepthroat
- Impetigo: crusty yellow scabs around nose or
- Caused by parasites that infect the GIT
mouth
- Common cause/transmission: parasites (live and
feed in the digestive tract of humans or animals)
spread through contaminated water, food, or
INFANT, CHILDHOOD, AND ADOLESCENT DISEASES
feces
- Common symptoms: fever, mucle aches, - Infectious diseases affecting children
fatigue, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea - Common transmission: droplets, aerosols
- Helminth Infection - Common treatment: penicillin
o Mostly infects intestines but can also
infect skin, brain, and other tissues
o Parasitic worms:
 Roundworms – can infect
intestines or the body
 Tapeworms – infects intestines
 Flukes – infects bile ducts, liver,
blood