Example 6-2. A turbine develops 18,000 H.P. working under a head of 520 m when running at 400 R.P.M. Calculate the specific speed of the turbine. Specify the type of turbine to be used. Solution. H = Head = 520 R-PAL.rt N=R.P.M. = 400 R.P.M. - P = Horse Power = 18,000. N. VP et (00 18,000 Ny, = S0Ox18000 14 V Specific nee aN,= 320°" For this specific speed Pelton turbine is used. Example 6-3. Calculate the specific speed of a turbine and suggest the type of turbine required for a river having a discharge of 250 litre/sec with a available head of 50 metre. Assume efficiency of turbine as 80% and speed 150 R.P.M. * Solution. o= Bs litre/sec. ] H = 50 metre t n= efficiency = 80% : N= 450 RPM. P = Horse power developed 7% 75 eas (Taking w = 1 kg/litre) Now, NN, = specific speed _ NVP _ 450 ¥1333 _ = NWP _ 450 V1833 _ 399 Hos 6004 For this specific speed Pelton turbine is suitable. 1 Scanned with CamScannerA428 POWER PLANT Example 6-4. It is desired to build a hydro-electric power station across a river having a discharge of 30,000 litre/ second at a head of 10 m. Assuming turbine efficiency 80% and speed ratio (K,) as 0-83, determine the following : (2) Is it possible to use two turbines with a speed not less than 120 R.P.M. and specific speed not more than 350 R.P.M.? (b) Specify the type of runner that can be used. Also calculate the diameter of runner. 3 _ nwo Solution. P= where p= Total power available = Specific weight of water ¢= Discharge H = head (metre). _ 08 x 1x 30,000 x 10 BS 75 \) Using two turbine each of capacity 1600 H.P. the specific speed (N,) of the turbine is calculated as follows : Nn, = NAP _ 120 V1600 = 3200 He 10°/4 = 267 R.P.M. For this speed Francis turbine is suitable. U = Tangential velocity of the runner = K, J2gh = 2DN where K,, = speed ratio and D = diameter of runner p= 80%Ku ¥2eH _ 60 x 083 V2x981x8 7 axN ~ x 120 1-85 metres, Scanned with CamScannerExample 6-5. A reaction turbine is supplied with 100 cu m of water per second and works under a maximum head of 120 m at 350 RPM. Assuming overall efficiency of the plant 80% and specific weight of water 1000 kg/m ; calculate the horse power developed and power in kW. Solution, H= 150m g= 100 m%¥sec @= 100 kp/m3 n= 08 Horse power developed ogH.n _ 1000 x 100 x 120 x 08 1% 75 = 128,000 Power inkW == 128,000 x 0-746 = 95,488 kW. Ans. Example 6-6. (a) Calculate the total energy in kWh which can be generated from a hydro power station having following data : Reservoir area = 2-5 sq.km Capacity =5 x108 m3 Net head of water at the turbines = 80m Turbine efficiency = 80% Generator efficiency = 90% (b) Also find by how many metre the level of reservoir will fall if a load of 20,000 kW is supplied for 5 hours? Scanned with CamScannerPOWER PLANT Solution. (a) Work done/sec. 1000 x 5 x 10° x 80 kg m/sec. 40 x 10” kg m/sec. " 10 HLP. Developed = Sox 10T 08x09 = 038 x 101 Energy produce kW sec = 0:38 x 10" x 0-746 = 0-28 x 10! Energy produced (kWh) = 22810" - 778 x 10° kWh. (6) Let the fall in level of reservoir = A metre. Time = 5 hours. Area of reservoir = (2-5 x 1000 x 100) sq. m. Discharge/sec. — 25x 1000 x 1000 xh _ 10* xh 5 x 3600 72 = 1000 x 104 x Ax 80 Work done/sec. 72 1000 x 104 x hk x 80 HLP.developed = = Date x 08x09 ~ 1000 x 104 x a x 80 x 080 x 09 kW produced = BX OTHE = 105 x 105xh But kW produced = 20,000 (given) ee 20,000 = 1-05 x 105 xh° A =0-2metre. Ans, Example 6-7. For a hydroelectric power plant the following data is supplied : Annual rainfall = 1000 mm, Catchment area = 120sq, hm. Effective head = 250m. Load factor = 40% Yield factor to allow for run-off and evaporation loss = 50% Efficiency of power plant = 70% Scanned with CamScannerHYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT 459 Determine the following : (a) Average power produced (b) Capacity of the power plant. Solution. Volume of water available per year = Catchment area x Annual rainfall x Yield factor Now catchment area = 120 sq. km. = 120 x (1000)? m? 1 _ 1000 Annual rainfall = Fox 100 = tmetre Volume of water available per year = 120 x (1000) x 1 x 0-5 Volume of water available per second 120 x (1000)? x 05 Q= “3760 x 60x60 5 ~ 2.dH.n + HP. developed = = STE where ¢ = water available/sec. _ 120 x (1000)? x 05 8760 x 60 x 60 @ = specific weight of water = 1000 kg/m? H = head = 250 metre: a = efficiency = 0-7 k = yield factor = 0-5 1000 x 120 x (1000)%x 250 x07 x 05 «. HP. Developed 8760 x 60 x 60 x 75 - 35x 108 _ = Sex 7 1928 .. Average Power = 4328 x 0-746 = 3228 kW Load factor Average power__ © Maximum demand +. Maximum demand _ Average power _ 3228 _ = “Toad factor 04 ~ 8070 KW. The capacity of the power plant can be taken equal to maximum demand =. Capacity = 8070 kW. x Scanned with CamScanner460 POWERPLANT Example 6-8. Calculate the power that can be developed from a hydro-electric power station having the following data : Catchment area = 100 sq. km. Average rain fall = 120cm Run-off = 80% Available head = 300m Overall efficiency of the power station = 75%. Solution. Run-off available (9) = 100x 10° x 12 x08 365 x 24 x 60 x 60 = 1000kg (as 1 cum of water weight = 1000 kg) A= Available head = 300 m n= Efficiency = 0-75 HP. developed = SO xn _ 1000x 84x 300 , ore, = 84 cu-m/sec. Power in kW = 1000 x 34 x 300 x 075 x 0-746 = 1000 x 34 x 300 x 075 x 0746 75 x 1000 = 34x 300 x 075 x 0.746 Power in MW = 7-48MW. Ans. Example 6-9. Determine the H.P. that can be developed from a hydroelectric power plant with following data : Catchment area of reservoir = 3 x 108 sq metre Mean head =40m Annual average rainfall = 110cm Efficiency of turbine = 80% Efficiency of generator = 85% Load factor = 45%. Assume that 25% of the rainfall is lost due to evaporation and 4% head lost in penstock. Scanned with CamScannerHYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT 461 Solution, Quantity of water available per annum Q= 3x 10% 1-10 x 0:75 = 2-475 x 108 cu.m, Quantity of water available per second = —2476% 1089 Q= sEE Bax GO xD ~ 18S cu-mece Head H= 40m Overall efficiency (n) = Turbine efficiency x Generator efficiency x Penstock efficiency 0.8 x 0:85 x 0.96 = 0-65 wQH 1 HP. developed “ Brae = 1000 x 40 x 785 x 065 = Say = 6032 Ans. Example 6-10. (a) In a hydropower plant the reservoir is 200 m above the turbine house. The annual replenishment of reservoir is 40 x 10" kg. Calculate the energy available at the generating station bus bars if the loss of head in the hydraulic system is 20 m and the overall efficiency of the station ts 80%. (b) Also determine the diameter of two steel penstocks if maximum demand of 50 MW is to be supplied. Solution. (a) n= Efficiency = 0-8 Als Loss in head = 20m h = Actual head available = 200-h, = 200-20 = 180m E = Energy available at the turbine house = mgh = 40 x 10! x 9.81 x 180 0-63 x 108 J 7063 x 10" gaxt? = meewrioeT a ghee tor ewn, 36 x 10° (As LkWh = 36 x 105d) Energy output = Exn = 16-84 x 107x0-8 = 13-48x107kWh. Ans. Scanned with CamScanner462 POWER PLANT (b) Kinetic energy of water = amv? = Loss of potential energy of water 1 . IAnvrs is ginv = mgh V= J2gh = (2x 981x 180 = 594 m/sec. E, = Energy available from a mass m kg of water when it flows with the velocity 59-4 m/sec. = 3 mv? = 3 m x 59-4? dis or Watts. But energy to be supplied = 50 x 10° watts. m= 22,700 kg. @ = Specific weight of water = 1000 kg/m3. A= Total area of two penstocks (m?) AxVx@=m «4 x 59-4 x 1000 = 22,700 A= 0-38 m? A, = Area of each penstock ° aa = A. 238 < 019 m2 S =o" "3 = 0-19 m’ 2e Let D = Diameter of penstock = é 2 Epz-o. 13 4? = 0.19 Ne D=0-242m, Ans. Scanned with CamScannerExample 6.11. A hydel power plant produces 18x 10° kW under a head of 14 metres. Determine the following : (a) Type of turbine. (6) Synchronous speed of generator. Assume overall efficiency of plant 70%. Solution.(a) |H=head=14 metres. P = Power = 18x 10°kW _ 3. 1000 _ 4 =18x10°x 735.57 2.447 x 10° H.P. P= 0QHn ~ 15 where w = Specific weight of water = 1000 kg/m? Q = Discharge 1 = Efficiency = 0.7 2.447 x 104 = 1000 x @ x 14 x 0.7 : = 15 Q = 187.3 m/sec. As the head is low and discharge is high so a propeller type of turbine should be used. (b) Ns = Specific speed. Scanned with CamScannerHYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT 471 _ 1150 (Al x)= 1150 _ 1150 =F, APPROX) = Tay = = 596 N=Speed of rotation _Ns. HY 596x146" VP Veaa7 x 10° =103 R.P.M. 20 p where f = Frequency in cycles per second. = 50 cycles/sec p= Number of poles 120 x 50 60 p=58.3 = 60 (say) For generator N= 1 103 = As the number of poles is necessarily an even number. Again n= TY _ AES = 100 RPM. Example 6.12. A steel penstock carries 12 m' 3/sec of water under a head of 240 m. The penstock diameters is 2.8 mand the allowable stress in penstock material is 1400 kglom?. Determine the following: (a) Water hammer pressure assuming velocity of pressure wave 1425 m/sec. () Thickness of penstock. (c) Describe water hammer, Solution. (a) — Q=Discharge = 12 m/sec. d = Diameter of penstock = 2.8 m H = Head = 240m Vj = Velocity of pressure wave = 1425 m/sec. Vo = Velocity of water Scanned with CamScanner472 POWER PLANT = Eq Q= Vax Fd’ = Vax Ex (28) V2 = 1.95 m/sec. p = Water hammer pressure = 4% = 125x198 - 283 m. Safe stress in penstock material 1400 kg/cm? h = Total pressure head = H +p, = 240 + 283 = 523m p = Total pressure = w.h. = 1000 x 523 kg/m? t = Thickness of penstock (6) ~ 0 " = Pd. 1000 x 523 x 28 x 199 = 523 em. 2f 2x 1400 x 10% (c) Water hammer, When the load on the generator is suddenly reduced the valves admitting water to the turbines are to be closed suddenly. This sudden stoppage brings the water near the valve to stand still but the long column of water in the pipe line is still moving. The momentum of this water causes sudden increase in pressure in pipe section. This sudden rise of pressure above normal is called water hammer. Surge tanks help in releasing and dissipating the excessive water hammer pressure built up in a penstock, Example 6-13. For a hydro-electric power station the following data is available : Head = 380 m. Discharge = 4 m3/sec. Efficiency of turbine = 80% Generator frequency = 50 c/s Determine the following : (a) Output (b) Type of turbine (©) Speed of turbine. Scanned with CamScannerHYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT 473 Solution. Q= Discharge = 4 msec. N= Head = 380 m . = Unit weight of water = 1000 kg/m n= Efficiency of turbine = 0-8 = WQH.1 _ 1000 x 4 x 380 x 08 Output = BG set . 1000 4x 380 x08 = 16,200 metric H.P. Pelton turbine should be used for a head of 380 m. N= Actual speed of turbine. N, = Specific speed of turbine. Choosing an approximate specific speed of about 26 (metric unit). N, H®4 _ 26 x 38054 plz ~ "16200"? = 342 RPM, p= Number of poles f= Generator frequency = 50 cycle /sec. N= _ 120f _ 120x 50 pe "N >” 342 17-54 = 18 (say) = 120f _ 120x 50 P 18 = 333 R.P.M. Example 6-14. (a) What is a flow duration curve? Corrected speed (&) The mean weekly discharge at a hydro power plant site is as Week | (Discharge m*/sec) 7 follows : Scanned with CamScanner474 POWER PLANT 3 Ss o ° Psec.)— Ss Nu £ O & 5 3 8 Oischarge (m' 0 2 & 6 8 10 12 weeks ———— Fig. 6-46. (i) Draw the hydrograph and find average discharge available for the whole period. (ii) Develop the flow duration curve and plot it. Solution. (a) A flow duration curve is used to determine the available power at the site. It indicates the daily, weekly, or monthly flows available as ordinates plotted against percentage of time. (b) The hydrograph is plotted between discharge (m*/sec.) and number of weeks as shown in Fig. 6-46. 3 Total discharge _ a Total weska eee = £960 12 In order to draw flow duration curve it is essential to find the lengths of time during which certain flows are available. This information is indicated in table shown below. Total number of week Average discharge = Discharge (m3/sec) Percentage time - 160 (and more) 200 (and more) 917 300 (and more) 83:3 400 (and more) 66:7 600 (and more) 58-3 700 (and more) 41-7 900 (and more) 25 1000 (and more) 1100 (and more) Scanned with CamScannerHYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT 475 Fig 6-47 shows a flow duration curve. When selecting a suitable site for a hydro power plant the flow data for a number of years are collected and hydrographs and flow duration curves and the various periods are determined. 1100; 1000 a 5 a o ° oo S 3 5 Discharge(m/sec.) Nu 3 3 0 20 40 60 60 100 ot Tine: <=» Fig. 6-47. ., Example 6-15. At a site for a hydro power plant a flow of 80 m/sec is available at a head of 120 m. If turbine efficiency is 90% and generator efficiency is 94% determine the following : (a) Power that can be developed (b) No. of units required and their capacities. Solution. Q= Discharge = 80 m/sec H= Head = 120m 11= Efficiency of turbine = 0-9 P = Bower developed | =~ ©QH ny _ 106k 80x 120x09 { 75 = 16 {115,200 Metric H.P. ! " Scanned with CamScanner476 POWER PLANT ‘Two turbines each of 215200 - 57,600 metric H.P. capacity should be used ny = Generator efficiency = 0-94 Generator capacity of each unit = 57,600 x 0-94 x 0-736 = 39,850 kW. Total power generated by generator = 39,850 x 2 = 79,700 kW = 79-7 MW. \ Ex:imple 6-16. (a) It is observed that a run of river power plant operates as peak load plant with a weekly load factor of 24% all this capacity being firm capacity. Determine the minimum flow in river so that power plant may act as base load plant. The following data is supplied : Rated installed capacity of generating plant = 12 MW Operating head = 18m Plant efficiency = 85% (b) Calculate the daily load factor of the plant if the stream flow is 17 cu mec. Solution. Average load Maximum load (a) Load factor = Average load = Load factor x Maximum load = 0-24 x 12,000 = 2880 kW E = Total energy generated in one week = Average load x Time = 2880 x 24x 7 = 48-4 x10! KWH Let Q= Minimum flow rate (m/sec) P= Power developed = ann ' where w= Specific weight of water = 1000 kg/m? H= Head =18m n= Efficiency of plant = 0-85 Scanned with CamScannerHYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT 477 @) P 0 GH 133QH n (HP) = 0-736 x 13-33 QHn (kW) = 9-8 x QHy (kW) = 9-8xQx18 x 0-85 kW = 149-9QkW £, = Total energy generated in one week = Px Time = 149-9 Q x 24x7 2.5Q x 101 kWh Now E=E, 48-4 x 104 = 2.5Q x 104 Q= 19-36 cumec. P, = Power developed when stream flows is 17 cumec. = 149-9 x 17 = 2548.3 kW Eg = Energy generated per day = P, x Time = 2548-3 x 24 61,159 kWh. 0 Average load * Daily load factor = Max. load = 81159 | : = aaxtap0g = 0212 or 212%. Example 6-17. (a) What is pondage factor. () Determine the firm capacity of a run-of-river hydro power plant to be used as 9 hours peaking plant assuming daily flow ina river to be constant at 16 m3/sec. Also calculate pondage factor and pondage if the head of the plant is 12 m and overall efficiency is 80%. Solution, (a) Pondage factor is the ratio of total in flow hours in a given Period to the total number of hours plant running during the same Period. Scanned with CamScanner478 POWER PLANT () P = Firm capacity without pondage = 2Q.H.4 75 where = Specific weight of water = 1000 kg/m? Q= Discharge = 16 m%/s H = Head =12m n = Overall efficiency = 0-8 p= 1000161208 o945 HP, PF. = Pondage factor = z where ty = Total hours in one day = 24 t2= No, of hours of power plant running = 9 = 4_ PF.= re 267 Q1 = 9 hours flow = eek = 42.67 m/s P, = Firm power with pondage = 2048 x 2.67 = 5468 HLP. S = Magnitude of pondage = (24-9) = 15 hours flow = 15x60 x 60x16 = 864 x 109 m3. _ Example 6-18. The following data is supplied for a hydro- power plant. Catchment area = 2200 sq km Annual average rain fall = 150 em Available head = 130 m Turbine efficiency = 0-86 Scanned with CamScannerHYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT 479 Generator efficiency = 0-91 Percolation and evaporation losses = 18% Determine : (a) Power development in kW taking load factor as Unity. (b) Suggest type of turbine to be used if the speed of runner is to be maintained below 260 R.P.M. Solution. A= Area = 2200 sqkm = 2200 x 106 m? A= Annual average rainfall = 150 cm y= Percolation and evaporation losses H = Head available = 130m Qi = Quantity of water available for power generation per year = Axhx(1-y) 2200 x 108 x 1-5 (1—0-18) 2-7 x 108 m3 Quantity of water available per second a " 27 x 108 365 x 24 x 60x 60 8-56 m*/sec, ne = Turbine efficiency = 0-86 W ty = Generator efficiency = 0-91 P = Power developed H = 1000 x $56 x 130 x 086 x 091 11612 H.P. = 11612 x 0-736 Scanned with CamScanner480 POWER PLANT = 8546 kW = 8-546 MW N= 260 R.P.M. ng = NAP. _ 260 {B56 Hoe 73084 = 54-75. Single Pelton turbine with 4 jets can be used. Further since head available is large and discharge is low, Pelton turbine will work satisfactorily. Example 6-19. The available discharge for a hydro-electric power plant is 320 m3/sec under a head of 28 metre. The turbine efficiency is 90% and the generator is directly coupled to the turbine. The frequency of generation is 50 cycles/sec. and number of poles used are 26. Find the number of machines required when : (a) A francis turbine with a specific speed of 280 is used (b) A Kaplan turbine with a specific speed of 500 is used. Solution. N= Speed of generator P f= frequency = 50 cycles/sec. p= Number of poles = 26 ~ 120x 50 _ N= ~~ 230 RPM. Since the generator is directly coupled to the turbine the speed of turbine used must be equal to the synchronous speed of the generator. P= Power= 201 xn where w= 1000 kg/m? Q= Discharge = 320 m/sec. H = Head = 28m 1 = Efficiency of turbine = 0-9 P= 1000 x $20. 28x09 _ 197x103 HP. Scanned with CamScannerHYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT 481 (a) Let P, = Power capacity of each Francis turbine N= NvP. ee 230 VP. 280 = gt P,= 6400 Number of Francis turbines required = P.- 107x107 Ans. “Pi 6400 (6) Let P= Power capacity of each Kaplan turbine n,= NW s Ne« 230 JF 500= 5 Py = 196 x 10? Number of Kaplan turbines required Example 6-20. A pump storage power plant has a gross head of 300 m. The head race tunnel is 3-8 m diameter and 650 m long. The flow velocity is 7 m/sec. and friction factor is 0-017. If the overall efficiency of pumping and generation are 84% and 89% respectively determine the plant efficiency. The power plant discharges directly in the lower reservoir. Solution. f= Friction factor = 0-17 np = Pumping efficiency = 0:84 n, = Generation efficiency = 0-89 L= Tunnel length = 650m H = head = 300 m V = Flow velocity = 7 m/s D= Diameter of head race tunnel = 38m Scanned with CamScanner482 POWER PLANT Ar = Frictional head loss f.L.V? _ 0017 x 650.x 7? ~~ 2gD 2x 981x 38 = 7-26m Now Ap= kH 7-26 = k x 300 k= 0-024 Plant efficiency (n) is given by ak NE Tye Xe ~ 1+0024 = T0024 x 084 x 089 0-712 = 71-2%. SX Example 6.21.4 run off river hydro-power plant with an effective A’ad of 20 m and plant efficiency 78% supplies a variable load as shown below : Time Load (Hours) (x 107 kW) 8 15 28 32 42 50 Draw load duration curve and determine (a) Flow required for average load (b) Load factor. Solution. The load duration curve is shown in Fig. 6-48. H = head =20m n= Efficiency = 0-78 E = Energy supplied during 24 hours. Scanned with CamScannerHYDRO-ELECTRIC POWER PLANT 483 3 LOAD («107k w > esses 4 8 12 16 20 2 TIME (HOURS) —» Fig. 6-48, . = (8 +15 + 28 + 32 + 42 + 50) x4 x 103 700 x 10? kWh = 700 x 108 zt = 29x 10°kW Average Load Toad ter * ‘Maximum demand = 29x 10% 50 x 10° = 0.58 = 58% Let Q = Flow (m%sec) Average Load Average Power (kW) = 22H x 9 x 0736 29 x 103 = 100% Ox20 , 078 x 0738 Q = 189 m/second. * Example 6-22. A penstock supplies water at a head equivalent to 18 kg/cm?, There is a possibility of 15% increase in pressure due to transient conditions. The design stress and efficiency of joint may be taken as 1000 kg/cm? and 88% respectively. If internal diameter of penstock is 1-3 m find wall thickness of penstock. Scanned with CamScanner484 POWER PLANT Solution. p= Total pressure = 18+0-15x 18 = 20-7 kg/cm? D= Internal diameter =13m R= Internal radius = 0-65 m. = 65cm f= Design stress n= Efficiency = 0-88 t = wall thickness of penstock It is given by the following formula t= pegs +015 em, 7 207 x 65 1000 x 088 — 06 x 207 = 1-7cm. +015 Scanned with CamScannerQN O1. A nozzle is fitted at the end of a pipe of length 300m and of diameter 100mm, for the maximum transmission of power through the nozzle. Find the diameter of nozzle take f= 0.009. Given: Length of the pipe, L = 300m Diameter of the pipe, D = 100mm =0.1m Coefficient of friction, f= 0.009 Required: to find diameter of the nozzle Solution: Let diameter of the nozzle = d -(2J 7 0.1 4 ~ (8x0.009x300 d=0.02608m=26.08mm <. the diameter of the nozzle is 26.08mm QN 02. The rate of flow of water through the pipe of length 2000m and diameter Im is 2m*/sec, at the end of the pipe a nozzle of outside diameter 300mm is fitted. Find the power transmitted through the nozzle if the head of water at the inlet of pipe is 200m and coefficient of friction for pipe is 0.01. Given: Length of the pipe, 1=2000m Diameter of pipe, D = Im Rate of flow, Q =2m*/sec Nozzle outside diameter, d= 300mm = 0.3m. Head of water at inlet of the pipe, H= 200m Coefficient of friction of pipe, f= 0.01 Required: To find power transmitted through the nozzle Solution: area of the pipe, A= 72-= = AY =0.7854m? s velocity of water through the pipe = Lee VA gga 2 Sos Scanned with CamScannerp= £20(,, anv? 1000\"-2Dg. p= 1000x9.81%2 4x0,01*2000(2.546)" 1000 2KDO.B1 P= 3405.43Kw +. The power transmitted through the nozzle is 3405.43Kw. QN 03. A pipe line of length 2000m for power transmission, if 110.3625Kw power is to be transmitted through the pipe in which water having a pressure of 490.SN/cr at the inlet is flowing. Find the diameter of the pipe and efficiency of transmission if the pressure drops over the length of pipe is 98.1N/cm?, Take f= 0.0065 Given: Length of the pipe, L = 2000m Power transmitted = 110.3625Kw Pressure at inlet, p = 490.5N/em*= 490.5 x 10*N/m? r _p_ 4905 _, pressure head at inlet, = =o 5 3; =500m pressure drop = 98.1 N/em?=98. 1x10*N/m? 98.1x10' _ 98.110" Loss of head, hp=—-— "= >TO _=100m SS ae epg 1009.81 coefficient of friction, f= 0.0065 head available at the end of the pipe = H - h,=500-100=400m Let the diameter of the pipe =d Now, power transmitted is given by, Where, Q= discharge P= power transmitted Scanned with CamScanner_p8xQx(H-h,) 1000 1000x9.81xQx400 1000 1000x1 10.3625 © T000%9.81%400 Q=0.02812 but discharge, Q = area x velocity 2 Q= eveo.o2812 v= 4x0,02812 _ 0,0358 | an AfxLxV? dx2g but h,=100m _ 4x0,0065%2000xV? dx2%9.81 = 2.65xV" _ 2.65, (0.0358 d d € 110.3625=. the head lost due to friction, h,=. 100: from the equation (i), y= 0.0358 Sar 0.003396 —— 100=. 7 1 | ey =0.1277m=127.7mm or efficiency of power transmission is given by equation H-h, _ 500-100 e = 0.80 500 =0.81 s.the diameter of the pipe is 127.7mm and the efficiency of power transmission is 80% Scanned with CamScanner